Earticle

일반적으로 범죄예방 순찰근무는 경찰활동의 중추로 여겨지고 있다. 그래서 대부분의 경찰관서에서는 50-70% 정도의 경찰력을 순찰부서에 배치하고 있다. 범죄예방학적 관점에서 본다면, 적어도 경찰존재 가시성은 가두범죄나 기회범에 대해서는 범죄억제적 효과를 갖는다 할 것이다. 뿐만 아니라 도보순찰 경찰관의 존재빈도는 범죄에 대한 시민들의 두려움을 줄이는 데, 긍정적 효과를 가진다. 도보순찰은 지역사회 경찰활동적 관점에서 긴밀한 대민관계 형성에 크게 기여한다. 지난 1980년대 초반부터 최근까지 한국 경찰에서는 순찰부서 교대제 근무방식을 개선하기 위하여 많은 노력을 기울여왔다. 특히 순찰부서 근무여건 개선은 경찰관들의 ‘삶의 질’ 향상에는 획기적으로 기여한 것으로 평가된다. 그렇지만 대민접촉기회 감소 및 범죄대응수준의 저하 등으로 비춰졌다. 晝夜 구분없이 하루 24시간 동안 수행되는 순찰근무 특성을 일반적인 근로조건과 조화시키는 것은 용이하지 않다. 전통적, 일상적인 차량위주의 순찰근무 방식에서 탈피하여, 도보순찰을 강화하고, 다양한 순찰전략 및 기법을 활용할 필요가 있다. 향상된 근무조건이 퇴보되지 않도록 해야 한다. 2003년부터 도입된 ‘지역경찰제’가 명실상부하게 지역사회 경찰활동 철학으로 구체화 될 수 있도록 노력해야 한다. 치안활동의 효율화와 근무여건 개선간의 딜레마를 극복해야 한다. 빈번한 제도변화와 경찰책임자의 단기 인사관행은 경찰행정의 안정성을 저하시킬 수 있다. 경찰내외부의 여론을 경청하면서 제도개선에 신중하게 접근해야 한다. 선진 각국 경찰은 수십 년 전부터 범죄예방 순찰활동의 중요성을 인식하고, 교대제 순찰근무 방식을 개선시켜왔다. 최근 수 년 동안 개선되어, 정착된 한국 경찰의 근무여건이 지속되기를 기대한다.

Generally, police patrol is regarded as the backbone of the policing, so the most of police departments in the developed countries usually allocate 50-70% of their sworn officers to the patrol divisions. From the standpoint of criminological aspect, police presence can have an impact on the street crimes or occasional criminals. Furthermore, the omnipresence of the foot patrol officers on the street can reduce the fear of crime among citizens in our modern society and largely contribute to make a close relationship with citizens. From the beginning of 1980s to the latest, the Korea police has much tried to improve the patrol system and shiftwork. Especially, it is said that their endeavours have highly improved the quality of the lives among the officers. However, despite of their efforts, it has caused the decrease of the close relationship between citizen and police and the declination of police effectiveness in the crime control policy. It is so much hard to satisfy the officers who work in the shiftwork system with the global standard. It is much necessary for the Korean police to apply the various useful patrol strategies and tactics to their police fields instead of traditional preventive, routine or random patrol. Especially, foot patrol should be strongly emphasized in the police work. For the first time in 2003, the community policing concept or philosophy was officially introduced into the Korean police organization. The police effectiveness and the global shiftwork standard should be simultaneously achieved and satisfied. The frequent or rapid change of system and the short-term tradition of the police leadership can cause to deteriorate the stability in the police administration. Thus, discrete approach is much needed to improve the patrol system. We should know that the developed countries' police have much tried to improve the their patrol system and shiftwork after they recognized the importance of the patrol function for the purpose of crime prevention. I hope that this paper will be helpful to improve the Korean police patrol system.

목적: 본 연구는 야간전담간호사와 3교대근무간호사의 근무 현황을 파악하고, 표준교대근무지표의 차이를 비교하기 위함이다. 방법: 2016년 8월 8일부터 9월 30일까지 야간전담제도가 있는 7개 의료기관의 367명의 간호사를 대상으로 설문 조사하였다. 결과: 야간전담간호사가 3교대간호사보다 근무만족도가 높았다. 야간전담간호사와 3교대간호사의 표준교대근무지표의 비교에서 만성피로와 근골격계 문제가 3교대간호사가 더 높게 나타났다. SSI의 세부 항목 중 수면 양, 수면 후 잘 쉰 느낌, 속쓰림, 심장박동이 불규칙 증상이 3교대간호사에서 높게 나타났다. 결론: 야간전담간호제도는 교대근무제도를 개선하기 위한 실효성 있는 하나의 방법이 될 수 있다. 야간전담근무제도를 성공적으로 운영하기 위해서 교대근무와 야간근무의 단점을 보완한 조직차원의 전략이 필요하다. 또한, 표준교대근무지표(SSI)는 3교대간호사와 야간전담간호사의 차이를 비교하기에 유용한 도구로 사용할 수 있겠다.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the working status and Standard Shiftwork Index (SSI) between night shift-fixed nurses and rotating shift nurses. Methods: Participants were 367 nurses working as registered nurses at 7 different medical institutions. The data were collected from August 8, 2016 to September 30, 2016. Results: Night shift fixed nurses were more satisfied with work schedule than rotating shift nurses. Rotating shift nurses reported higher SSI scores, such as chronic fatigue, musculoskeletal problems, than night shift fixed nurses. In SSI‘s sub-items, rotating shift nurses reported higher scores, such as the amount of sleep, feeling well after sleep, heartburn or stomach-ache and heartbeat irregularities, than night shift fixed nurses. Conclusion: The results indicated that night shift fixed system might be an effective method to improve nurses’ work satisfaction. It is necessary to figure out any suitable night shift fixed system based on the characteristics of each nursing organization. The SSImight be an useful tool tomeasure the nurses’ satisfaction in reference to their work shift.

Purpose : This study is a concept analysis aimed at investigating the attributes of shift work tolerance among nurses. Methods : To clarify the scope of the concept of shift work tolerance, a literature search was conducted using the keywords ‘shift work’ and ‘tolerance.’ Of the 1,187 studies retrieved, 18 were selected for concept analysis. Results : The results of this study showed that the attributes of shift work tolerance among nurses included ‘recognizing negative symptoms associated with shift work,’ ‘attempting to reduce negative symptoms,’ and ‘enduring negative symptoms.’ The antecedents of shift work tolerance in nurses included shift work, shift work conditions, and the resulting negative physical and psychological symptoms. The consequences of high shift work tolerance included reduced negative physical and psychological symptoms, decreased job stress, increased job satisfaction, and improved work-life balance, ultimately leading to an enhanced quality of life. Conclusion : The findings can help researchers and nurses gain a better understanding of shift work tolerance, and nursing administrators can consider the factors related to shift work tolerance and its consequences to improve nurses’ working environment.

본 연구는 주간근무 및 교대근무 여성 근로자의 일반적 요인 및 여성건강관련 요인들의 차이를 비교하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 보건복지부 질병관리본부에서 실시한 제7기 2차년도 국민건강영양조사 자료를 기초로 하였으 며 설문 조사에 참여한 조사자는 모두 10,430명이었다. 그 중 1,995명 근로자의 건강관련 변수와 건강관련 삶의 질 차이를 분석하였다. 여성 근로자의 연령, 결혼여부, 교육수준, 종사상지위, 출산경험은 주간근무 근로자와 교대 근무 근로자 간의 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 반면 소득이나 주관적 건강인식, 스트레스 인지, 우울경험, 초경연령, 폐경연령, 수유기간과 건강관련 삶의 질은 유의한 차이를 나타내지 못하였다. 교대근무는 산업의 발전과 탄력 근로 제를 위하여 불가피하게 시행되고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 교대근무로 인한 부작용을 줄이기 위해서는 근로자 개인 뿐만 아니라 사회적, 국가적인 관심과 대책이 요구된다.

This study aimed to compare general and female health-related factor between day-work and shift-work worker. It is based on the data of the Korea National Health&Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES) 2nd year on 7th period. The number of participants was 10,430. Out of the participants, 1,995 workers’ dara was analyzed. The age, marital status, education level, occupational status and childbirth experience of female workers indicated significant differences between day and shift work. By contrast, health-related quality of life did not represent significant differences these factors; income, subjective health cognition, stress perception, depression experience, menarcheal age, menopausal age and breastfeeding period. The shift work is inevitably implemented as an industrial development and flexible work hours. Therefore, social and national attention and measures as well as those of individual workers are required to reduce the side effects from shiftwork.

Purpose: This study investigated how shift work nurses' fatigue influences job stress and turnover intention, and how job stress mediates the relationship between fatigue and turnover intention. Methods: As a descriptive research design, the data were collected from 203 shift work nurses in a city. It was analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 14.0 and AMOS 5.0. Results: fatigue and job stress in shift work nurses influenced turnover intention. Job stress worked as a partial mediation between fatigue and turnover intention. Conclusion: It is necessary to reduce fatigue and job stress for reducing turnover intention in strategies of hospital manpower.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting shiftwork tolerance among nurses and provide basic data, ultimately, in formulating a plan for improving their shiftwork tolerance. Methods: The participants were 317 nurses who were working at three general hospitals in Daejeon and Seoul. Data analyzed t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and regression analysis using SPSS 20.0 program. Results: As for the sub-areas of shiftwork tolerance for the respondents, more than a half of nurses working at shifts suffered from insomnia, felt drowsy, complained of chronic fatigue, and were at the anxious and depressed state. Shiftwork tolerance differed by the daily intake of coffee and exercise. Shiftwork tolerance was significantly positively correlated with sleep-wake habits, hardiness, and flexibility and negatively correlated with a languidity. Regression analysis revealed that shiftwork tolerance was affected by age, sleep-wake habits, languidity, flexibility, and hardiness. Conclusion: To put the results, nurses had shiftwork tolerance affected by sleep-wake habits, languidity, and hardiness. It is therefore necessary to make a scheme for allowing nurses to improve hardiness and flexibility and decrease the languidity with the objective of improving their shiftwork tolerance.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the burden experienced by nursing personnel working irregular shifts in Greece and to conduct the first test of a Greek version of the Standard Shiftwork Index (SSI). Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out. The SSI was completed by 365 nurses and nursing assistants working shifts, including nights. Results: Female nursing personnel and those suffering from a chronic disease were most affected by working rotating shifts as they had elevated scores on the majority of the SSI scales, such as sleep, chronic fatigue, digestive and cardiovascular problems, general health questionnaire, cognitive and somatic anxiety, shift time satisfaction, engagement and disengagement strategies, languidity, flexibility, and neurotisicm. Nurses with longer working experience and those with family responsibilities also scored higher on some of the SSI scales, such as the sleep, shift time satisfaction, social and domestic disruption, disengagement strategies, morningness, and languidity scales. Conclusion: Shiftwork affects female nurses, those with chronic disease, older age, and domestic responsibilities more severely. Therefore management should take these factors into account when designing work schedules to alleviate the burden caused by shiftwork.

In order to provide necessary information for better health of workers through understanding the actual status of the industries adopting shift systems. The data were gathered from a stratified random sample of 347 (0.5%) firms selected out of about 70,000 manufacturing industries throughout the nation in 1993. Stratification during sampling was by industrial group and number of workers. The major findings obtained from 288 firms surveyed completely were as follows : 1. About 20.2% of the 288 firms were adopting shift systems and shirtworkers accounted for about 25.1% of the total work force in 288 firms. 2. The bigger number of workers was, the higher the adopting rate of shift system was. 3. The rate of having welfare facilities such as dining room, commuting bus, washing facilities, and health care room etc. was higher in the industries adopting shift systems. 4. The major industrial groups adopting shift systems were the rubber a: plastic goods manufacturing industry (54.1 per 100 firms) and the textile manufacturing industry (44.8 per 100 firms). However, the proportion of shiftworkers was higher in the textile manufacturing industry (70.5 per 100 firms) and the electronics industry (57.9 per 100 frms). 5. The most predominant work schedule was the weekly rotating, semi-continuos 2-crew 2-shift system (47.5%). 6. In the industries adopting shift systems, shiftworkers had an adjusted average of 0.29 spells per 100 workers ($0.14{\sim}0.45$ in 95% C.I.) compared to 0.23 spells per 100 nonshift dayworkers ($0.15{\sim}0.31$ in 95% C.I.) for 1 month. 7. Also, in the industries adopting shift systems, the adjusted average annuel turn-over rate of shiftworkers was 13.07 per 100 workers ($12.03{\sim}14.12$ in 95% C.I.) compared to 10.18 per 100 nonshift dayworkers ($9.53{\sim}10.82$ in 95% C.I.).

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between shiftwork and skeletal muscle mass index in a single university health check-up. Methods: We used data from 98,227 workers who answered in a special interview on health check-up at a local university hospital from 2014 to 2020. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted for comparing the association between skeletal muscle mass index and demographic and hematological variables in shiftwork and non-shiftwork groups. Mixed linear model analysis after controlling demographic and hematological variables was used to analyze the difference of skeletal muscle mass index between groups at every visit for seven years. Results: In linear regression analysis, the variables most significantly correlated with skeletal muscle index in both groups were shiftwork(p=0.049), BMI(p<0.001), hypertension(p=0.024), platelet(p<0.001), total protein (p<0.001), AST(p=0.028), ALT(p=0.003), ALP(p<0.001), total cholesterol(p=0.002), triglyceride(p=0.019), BUN (p=0.001), creatinine(p<0.001), and uric acid(p=0.002). After the adjustment for demographic and hematologic variables, the skeletal muscle mass index at every visit was decreased both in the shiftwork group and non-shiftwork group. The slope of the shiftwork group was -0.240 and non-shiftwork group -0.149, showing a significant difference (p<0.001). Conclusions: In the shiftwork group, the skeletal muscle mass index showed a tendency to decrease markedly over time compared to the non-shiftwork group. It is presumed that shift workers' skeletal muscle health was adversely affected by changes in the biological clock due to changes in wake-up and sleep patterns, and changes in food intake.

연구배경 본 연구는 여성근로자의 교대근무가 자연유산, 사산, 조산, 저체중아 출산에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위한 것이다. 방 법 2001년 11월 1일부터 2003년 3월 30일까지 한국노동연구원에서 고용보험의 산전후휴가급여 수급자 데이터베이스를 기초로 1,000명의 여성근로자를 지역별로 층화표본추출하여 수행한 자료를 분석한 것이다. 결 과 연구대상자 중 12.7%가 교대근무에 종사하고 있었다. 비교대근무군에 비하여 교대근무군이 자연유산을 경험할 위험비는 1.92배(95% CI=1.21～3.06), 조산을 경험할 위험비는 3.76배(95% CI=1.40～9.07), 저체중아를 출산할 위험비는 3.52배(95% CI=1.84～6.76) 높았다. 사산은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결 론 본 연구결과, 교대근무는 자연유산, 조산, 저체중아 출산에 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 임신 중인 여성근로자에게 있어서 교대근무는 신중히 고려되어야 한다.

Background The aim of this study was to examine the association of shiftwork and pregnancy outcomes. Methods We conducted the survey with 1,000 Korean women workers who were selected by random sampling from 'Maternity Benefit Database' and received a benefit from November 2001 through March 2003. The questionnaire contained experience of shiftwork and the pregnancy outcome such as spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, preterm birth and low-birth-weight. Results The percents of shift workers are 12.7. We found that shiftwork group had 1.92 times(95% CI=1.21～3.06) the odds of spontaneous abortion, 3.76 times(95% CI=1.40～9.07) the odds of preterm birth and 3.52 times(95% CI=1.84～6.76) the odds of low-birth-weight than non-shiftwork group. Conclusions This study suggested that spontaneous abortion, preterm birth and low birth weight in working women associated with shiftwork. Therefore the prevention program should be developed to preserve the female workers.

본 연구는 경상남도 김해시 소재 병원간호사를 대상으로 탄력적 근무에 대한 인식을 조사하여 다양한 근무형태 개발에 기초자료로 활용하고자 시도하였다. 연구대상은 김해시에 소재한 5개 병원에서 근무하는 간호사 164명이었으며 자료수집기간은 2010년 7월 1일부터 12월 31일까지 이었다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/PC 16.0 프로그램을 이용하여 실수와 백분율, 평균과 표준편차, t-test 또는 ANOVA 및 Scheffe 검정으로 분석하였다. 연구대상자가 선호하는 교대근무형태는 3교대(68.9%)를 2교대(22.0%)보다 더 선호하였다. 각 근무별 고정직은 3교대 중에서는 낮번(72.6%)과 초번(62.2%)을 선호하였고 밤번은 15.9%만 선호하였다. 2교대의 경우 낮번을 65.2%가 선호하였으나 밤번은 13.4%만 선호하였다. 연구대상자의 연령, 학력, 근무기간, 근무부서, 현 근무 형태, 결혼상태 및 자녀 유무, 경력단절 및 경력단절 기간 등 일반적 특성에 따른 탄력적 근무에 대한 인식을 비교해 본 결과는 근무부서에 따라 개인생활 변화(F=3.173, p=.049)와 간호실무 변화(F= 3.350, p=.042)에 대한 인식이 통계적으로 유의하였다.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify for perception on flexible shiftwork of hospital Nurses in Gimhae City. Methods: The subjects were 164 nurses enrolled in 5 hospitals located in Gimhae City. Self-reported questionnaire method was utilized for data collection. Frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, t-test and ANOVA were used to analyze the data using SPSS WIN 16.0 program. Results: 71.3% of the nurses were working 3 shifts and 68.9% of nurses want to work 3 shifts. There was statistically significant between working place (F=3.086, p=.047) and expected life pattern change after application for flexible shiftwork especially personal life (F=3.173, p=.049), nursing practice (F=3.350, p=.042). Conclusion: We need to develop a variety of flexible shiftwork model according to life cycle of nurses.

Purpose: This study investigated the dietary behavior of experienced shiftwork nurses and aimed to identify factors related to dietary behavior. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis based on the Shift Work Nurses' Health and Turnover study (2018-2021) among Korean nurses. In total, 247 experienced (>12 months) shiftwork nurses were included in this study. The participants' dietary behavior, depression, level of occupational stress, fatigue, physical activity, and general characteristics were measured. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and multiple regression analysis were conducted. Results: The dietary behavior score of the participants using the Mini-Dietary Assessment Index was 29.35±5.67. Thirty percent of the participants were depressed, the participants experienced moderate occupational stress, and 74.1% of the participants engaged in an inadequate amount of physical activity. The factors influencing shiftwork nurses' dietary behavior were having child(ren) (β=.16, p=.027), depression (β=-.13, p=.032), level of occupational stress related to occupational climate (β=-.13, p=.035), and an inadequate amount of physical activity (β=-.17, p=.006). These factors explained 10.4% of the variance in experienced shiftwork nurses' dietary behavior scores. Conclusion: Experienced nurses with child(ren) tended to have healthier diets. However, a higher level of occupational stress related to occupational climate, depression, and engaging in an inadequate amount of physical activity were associated with a higher risk of having an unhealthy diet. Therefore, strategies are needed to encourage physical activity and alleviate adverse occupational climate and depression among experienced nurses.