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This article takes up rating resolution in the scoring of writing outcomes, based on the cognitive and socio-cultural perspectives that is the socio-genetic perspectives. And this paper considers various features of cognitive rating in the writing assessment and tries to reveal the effective information-processing method of scoring. It concludes by suggesting that teachers have to consider the consensual technique for assessing text based on the group cognition. The information-processing in the group rating can be find the effective consensual method and validly extended to scoring process. Therefore it suggests that raters have to consider both personal cognition and group cognition in the process of assessing students’ texts. And teachers consider to use the expert’s strategy and the method to use the information of the writing assessment. The team discussion relates the raters’ scoring strategy, the understanding of the criteria, and the method to process the information related to the writing assessment. Based on these findings, it suggests several new approaches to score and resolve the score discrepancy.

A review of the studies on infant learning, stimulus preferences. and habituation supports the following assertions. Firstly, the finding that a very young infant is capable of control of his basic responses if required implies that his ability for differentiating critical stimulus features is sufficiently adequate to be utilized in response adaptation. Secondly, results from both stimulus preference, and habituation studies indicate that before the infant is able to manage his motoric response, he is extensively engaged in stimulus differentiation and information processing. Thirdly, evidence from current habituation research using more elaborate procedures suggests that attentional processing under habituation is more than a single phenomenon, possibly involving multi-level processing. And lastly, existing data support Jeffrey's hypothesis of serial habituation as a mechanism for perceptual development.

This study investigates the psychological and cognitive mechanisms underlying This study investigates the psychological and cognitive mechanisms underlying political rumor dissemination on SNS in South Korea by synthesizing three political rumor dissemination on SNS in South Korea by synthesizing three theoretical frameworks: framing, the third-person effect (TPE), and the theoretical frameworks: framing, the third-person effect (TPE), and the elaboration likelihood model (ELM). We conducted an online experiment (N=800) elaboration likelihood model (ELM). We conducted an online experiment (N=800) examining how different rumor frames (character vs. competence) influence examining how different rumor frames (character vs. competence) influence rumor dissemination. The results demonstrate that participants exposed to rumor dissemination. The results demonstrate that participants exposed to character-framed rumors, compared to competence-framed ones, were more character-framed rumors, compared to competence-framed ones, were more likely to exhibit TPE, perceiving others as more susceptible to the rumor’s likely to exhibit TPE, perceiving others as more susceptible to the rumor’s influence than themselves. Path analysis revealed significant indirect effects, with influence than themselves. Path analysis revealed significant indirect effects, with character framing influencing SNS dissemination intention through TPE and both character framing influencing SNS dissemination intention through TPE and both peripheral and central routes of ELM. These findings advance our theoretical peripheral and central routes of ELM. These findings advance our theoretical understanding of rumor dissemination by revealing the complex interplay understanding of rumor dissemination by revealing the complex interplay between message framing, perceived influence on others, and dual information between message framing, perceived influence on others, and dual information processing routes. The study also enriches the literature on political rumor processing routes. The study also enriches the literature on political rumor framing effects by demonstrating how different trait qualifications shape sharing framing effects by demonstrating how different trait qualifications shape sharing behavior on social media, suggesting that character-framed political rumors may behavior on social media, suggesting that character-framed political rumors may be particularly influential in digital environments.

Recently, content-based music information retrieval (MIR) systems for mobile devices have attracted great interest. However, music retrieval systems are greatly affected by background noise when music is recorded in noisy environments. Therefore, we evaluated various pre-processing methods using the Philips method to determine the one that performs most robust music retrieval in such environments. We found that dynamic noise reduction (DNR) is the best pre-processing method for a music retrieval system in noisy environments.

Numerous scholars have explored the modeling, control, and optimization of energy systems in buildings, offering new insights about technology and environments that can advance industry innovation. Eye trackers deliver objective eye-gaze data about visual and attentional processes. Due to its flexibility, accuracy, and efficiency in research, eye tracking has a control scheme that makes measuring rapid eye movement in three-dimensional space possible (e.g., virtual reality, augmented reality). Because eye movement is an effective modality for digital interaction with a virtual environment, tracking how users scan a visual field and fix on various digital objects can help designers optimize building environments and materials. Although several scholars have conducted Virtual Reality studies in three-dimensional space, scholars have not agreed on a consistent way to analyze eye tracking data. We conducted eye tracking experiments using objects in three-dimensional space to find an objective way to process quantitative visual data. By applying a 12 × 12 grid framework for eye tracking analysis, we investigated how people gazed at objects in a virtual space wearing a headmounted display. The findings provide an empirical base for a standardized protocol for analyzing eye tracking data in the context of virtual environments.

Individuals may seek and read other’s opinions, or they may want to interact with others after participating in virtual communities. Information, opinions, or advice in virtual communities may drive individuals to make decisions. However, the value of the information may vary from person to person. Individual perceptions and experiences will influence how she or he forms different evaluation for the same content of information. Our study thus investigates how individuals process others’ opinions on stock message boards for their investment decisions, particularly when they have different levels of investment return. Their gain/loss of wealth may influence investors’ information processing behavior. Behavioral finance literature argues that self-attribution bias influences an investor’s learning process. The self-attribution bias suggests that investors who lose money after basing their decisions on other’s opinions may subsequently value other’s opinions less, while those who profited from investments after using other’s opinions may overestimate their own investment-related abilities. In the context of online stock message boards, we investigate the influence of investment returns on investors’ information processing behavior, starting with an exploration of how they attribute their success or failure to either themselves or other investors on stock message boards.

Short-form videos are a type of media content designed for rapid and effortless consumption, typically lasting from a few seconds to a few minutes. These videos are characterized by several appealing features, including brief duration, diversity, fragmented structure, immersive experience, and algorithmically personalized content. This study aims to investigate how algorithm-driven consumption and immersive engagement with short-form video content affect users’ information processing mechanisms through an online experimental design.

Method for providing a human interface for media services in a user equipment. In order to provide the human interface, the background screen of the human interface may be formed from at least one image. Each image of the at least one image may represent a respective one of the retrieved media services. The human interface having the background screen formed from the at least one image may be displayed. A desired image may be selected from the at least one image of the displayed human interface, and a desired media service corresponding to the selected desired image may be played.

In today’s convergence era, the knowledge integration capability of knowledge workers is crucial for developing new products or services. This study investigates the impacts of social and technical factors on employee’s knowledge integration capability and knowledge creation. The results of structural equation modeling indicate that employee’s knowledge integration has strong relationship with their knowledge creation. The results also suggest that employee’s thinking ability, knowledge complexity, and expertise are the significant predictors of their knowledge integration. Interestingly, the technical factor, i.e., supportive technologies, was not significant in influencing employee’s knowledge integration.

The present study tested whether adult Korean learners of English are able to immediately integrate verb-specific structural information (i.e. subcategorization restrictions imposed by individual verbs) as they read sentences in English. Seventeen native speakers of English and 22 Korean learners of English participated in an eye-tracking experiment, in which they read English sentences that contained a wh-dependency between the head NP and the verb of a relative clause. The relative clause verbs consisted of three types that varied in terms of subcategorization properties: transitive verbs that take an NP complement more often than a PP complement, transitive verbs that take a PP complement more often than an NP complement, and unaccusative verbs that are strictly intransitive. The results suggest that whereas native speakers use verb subcategorization information in making initial parsing decisions regarding wh-dependency formation, Korean learners are only able to integrate the information in later stages of sentence processing. Possible accounts of this discrepancy in the time course of verb information integration are discussed.

최근에 정밀 추적이나 타격 등의 군사 목적으로 UAV를 활용하는 연구가 매우 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 앞서가는 비행체를 추적하기 위해 후방에서 촬영한 영상을 활용하여 롤, 피치, 요와 같은 그 비행체의 자세 정보를 추정하는 기존의 연구가 진행되었다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 영상처리기법을 이용한 연구에 칼만 필터를 적용함으로써 자세 정보를 더욱 정 밀하게 추정하는 방법을 제시한다. 영상처리를 사용해서 추정한 비행 자세 데이터에 칼만 필터를 적용함으로써 기존의 방 식에서 발생했던 자세 각도의 추정오차 범위를 크게 줄일 수 있었다. 시뮬레이션 실험을 통해서, 칼만 필터를 적용할 경우 비행체의 자세 정보를 더욱 정확하게 추정할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

In recent years, researches utilizing UAV for military purposes such as precision tracking and batting have been actively conducted. In order to track the preceding flight, there has been a previous research on estimating the attitude information of the flight such as roll, pitch, and yaw using images taken from the rear UAV. In this study, we propose a method to estimate the attitude information more precisely by applying the Kalman filter to the existing image processing technique. By applying the Kalman filter to the estimated attitude data using image processing, we could reduce the estimation error of the attitude angle significantly. Through the simulation experiments, it was confirmed that the estimation using the Kalman filter can estimate the posture information of the aircraft more accurately.

Introducing the concept of construction safety in the design/planning phase can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of safety management on construction sites. In this sense, further improvements for safety can be made by designers’ involvement in the elimination or management of design-related hazards in addition to contractors’ own efforts, as known as Prevention through Design (PtD). However, this idea has not been well materialized in construction practices due in part to the lack of a PtD tool that allows designers to automatically check and evaluate designs in terms of worker safety. The paper addresses this issue by designing and testing an automated compliance checking framework that extracts information relevant to design-related hazards from regulatory documents and maps it to each of related design components using Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Building Information Modeling (BIM). The proposed framework has two key functions: 1) automatically extracting machine-readable regulation information relevant to design-related hazards using NLP techniques; and 2) automatically mapping such information to corresponding design components in a building information model, enabling the visualization of hazards. How all these components work to automatically display design-related hazards and relevant regulatory information is illustrated with a three-story building, focusing on fall protection. The proposed framework successfully extracted regulation information from textual documents with about 90% of precision and recall rates. It also correctly identified all the hazards in the case study model. The automated framework is expected to facilitate safety design review by improving designers and contractors’ proactive responses against design-related hazards

Background/Objectives: Recently, as the usability of IoT devices increases, the kinds of information processed by IoT devices are also diversifying. For this reason, research to ensure the high-speed processing and integrity of information generated from IoT devices continues steadily. In particular, research using various hash techniques is actively underway to minimize IoT information errors. Methods/Statistical analysis: In this paper, instead of sending IoT information directly to the server (data center), we propose an AIoT technique that allows AIoT to pre-analyze and delivers only important information. Findings: The proposed technique allows easy control of IoT information operation after analyzing patterns of information collected from IoT devices to extract and analyze large amounts of IoT information. Furthermore, the proposed technique minimizes network delay as well as minimizes server (data center) processing and analysis time by reducing network traffic that can occur when information collected from numerous IoT devices is delivered to the server (data center). Improvements/Applications: AIoT, IoT information, Extract and Analysis, Artificial, Depp Learning, hash techniques Performance evaluation compared the storage efficiency of servers and the number of transactions of IoT information sent and received per second between IoT devices and AIoT devices while varying the hash length of IoT information from 16 bits to 128 bits.

본 연구는 우울집단과 사회불안집단의 부정적 자극에 대한 정보처리 편향인 기분일치기억(Mood Congruent Memory)을 암묵기억-외현기억 차원과 유사한 자동처리-통제처리 차원에서 비교하였다. 이를 위해 대학생 중에서 우울집단, 사회불안집단, 그리고 통제집단을 각각 20명씩 선정하였으며, 이들을 대상으로 Jacoby(1991)가 제안한 처리해리절차(Process Dissociation Procedure)에 따라 부정적 단어 및 중립적 단어에 대한 통제처리, 자동처리 추정치를 측정하였다. 실험 결과 우울집단에서는 부정적 단어에 대한 통제처리 편향이 통제집단에 비해 유의미하게 높게 나타났으나, 자동처리 차원에서는 그러한 편향이 나타나지 않았다. 반면에 사회불안집단에서는 부정적 단어에 대한 자동처리 추정치가 세 집단 중 가장 높게 나타났으나 통제집단에 비해 유의미하게 높지는 않았다. 또한 사회불안집단에서는 부정적 단어에 대한 통제처리 추정치 자체는 통제집단과 유사한 수준이었으나 중립단어보다 부정적 단어를 보다 잘 기억하는 통제처리 편향 정도가 우울집단과 유사하게 나타났다. 이러한 실험결과를 부정적 정서자극에 대한 의식수준에서의 반추와 같은 우울증의 증상과 부정적 정서 자극에 대한 비의식적 수준에서의 회피 및 불편감과 같은 사회공포증의 증상들과 관련하여 논의하였다.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate information processing bias for negative stimuli associated with depression and social anxiety. Each 20 college students were screened for social anxiety and depression and control group. Students with BDI score in the higher 15%ile but SADS score in the lower 50%ile were assigned to the Depression Group and students with BDI score in the higher 15%ile but BDI score in the lower 50%ile were assigned to the Social Anxiety Group. Students with both BDI score and SADS score in the lower 50%ile constituted the Control Group. Process-dissociation procedure was used to measure the controlled and automatic processing as Jacoby(1991) had proposed. Results showed that the Depression Group showed significantly larger bias for negative words than the Control group in the controlled processing, but not in the automatic processing. In contrast, the group differences in the automatic processing bias did not reach statistical significance although the Social Anxiety Group showed the largest automatic processing bias for negative words among the three groups. The Social Anxiety Group also showed nearly the same degree of controlled processing bias for negative words. The findings were discussed in terms of its implications for symptoms of depression and social anxiety. Finally, limitations of the present study and future directions for further study were discussed.

251 -이 논문은 정보이용교육을 위해 정보처리학습모형을 사용할 것을 추천하고 있다. 정보처리학습모형은 심리적 도구로서 적절히 사용하면 학생들의 자기주도적, 자율적 학습, 창의성 함양, 학력제고를 도모할 수 있고 학생들의 정보이용능력을 미국학교도서관 협회와 교육공학회에서 제정한 정보이용능력기준에 미치도록 훈련하는 것이 쉽다고 주장한다. 이러한 주장은 정보처리학습모형을 사용할 때 사용하는 정보기술내역과 정보이용능력기준을 대비시킴으로서 규명하고 있다.

This paper recommends the use of information processing models for student's information literacy education. The author mantions that the proper use of an information processing model help enhance students' self-study, creativity, and academic attainment as psychological tools. An information processing model helps also students reach the Information literacy standards set by AASL and AECT. The author attempts to show the important linkage between the practical application of information technologies during the use of an information processing model and the attainment of the Information literacy standards.

본 연구는 소비자의 사전지식, 광고맥락, 처리목적에 따라 소비자들이 광고내용을 범주처리 하는지 속성처리 하는지를 살펴보았다. 실험결과, 사전지식이 많은 소비자들은 광고와 제품간의 맥락이 일치할 때 범주처리를 그리고 불일치할 때 속성처리를 하는 것으로 나타났으며, 사전지식이 적은 소비자들은 맥락에 상관없이 속성처리를 하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 소비자들의 광고처리목적이 광고평가일 경우 맥락이 일치할 때 범주처리를 그리고 불일치할 때 속성처리를 하는 것으로 나타났으며, 처리목적이 제품평가일 경우 맥락에 관계없이 속성처리를 하는 것으로 나타났다.

This study examined the effects of prior knowledge, context of advertisement and ad processing goals on ad information processing. For this study, it was necessary to observe the contrary hypothesis between two information processing theories: category process and piecemeal process. The results showed that the consumers with high level of prior knowledge used a category-based process when the context between ad and product was congruent and a piecemeal process when the context was not congruent. The consumers with low level of prior knowledge used a piecemeal process regardless of the context. In addition, for the ad processing goal, consumers used a category process when the ad context was congruent and a piecemeal process when it was not congruent. Also, in the case of product processing goal, they used a piecemeal process regardless of the context.