Earticle

본 연구는 한국미의 특징에 대해 알아본 것이다. 한국미에 대한 특질은 야나기 무네요시[柳宗悅]에 의한 견해를 근간으로 하여 그의 제자이면서 우리나라 최초 미학자이자 미술학자인 우현 고유섭 연구에 의한 것이 일반적으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 야나기 무네요시나 고유섭은 한국미의 대표적 특징인 자연미나 곡선미 등이 우리나라 민족의 恨에서 비롯된 것으로 보고 있기 때문에 이와 견해를 달리한 최순우와 비교하여 한국미의 특징을 살펴보는 데 의의를 두었다.한국미의 특징은 여러 가지로 살펴볼 수 있지만, 우리나라의 건축, 공예, 회화 등 전통예술을 중심으로 살펴보면, 익살미, 은근미, 순리미, 담조미, 백색미, 추상미, 곡선미 등으로 나누어 볼 수 있다.세계화 시대에 중요한 일은 국가의 정체성을 부각시키는 일이다. 이런 점에서 한국미의 특징을 올바르게 인식하고 한국미의 정체성을 확립하는 것은 매우 필요하고 가치 있는 일이라 생각한다.

There is few systematic and overall study of Choi Soon-Woo's(1916～1984) academic fruit who made efforts in search of our beauty through life. Also quite few people understand his worth. He came to aim to study Korean art history under the influence of Koh Yoo-Sup, the first aesthetician and art historian in Korea. His approach to Korean beauty is based mainly on strong intuitiveness due to experiential grounds rather than the aspect of pattern history, and there is room for criticism that such approach should be accompanied by logical guaranty.But he must be a pioneer in finding out Korean beauty who enabled our people to feel such beauty easily by looking into the beauty characteristics of Korean fine arts on concrete and historic phenomena with his outlook on Korean art formed through a wonderful sense of beauty and personal experience.This dissertation has examined the major characteristics of Korean beauty seen through his outlook on Korean fine arts, high insight, and judgement who devoted himself to our fine arts, awakening us to Korean art. The major features of Korean beauty he pursued have been examined as well. According to his research, our unique taste is to be seen wherever in the country with our nature and life melt into it.Beauty appearing in works of art has unparalleled “humor”, “implicitness”, “calmness”, “rationalism”, “white”, “a serene tone”, “abstraction”, etc., occupying a place among world art works.A number of his writings and essays are more objective and persuasive than any other literature on his subject and may be a great guide post to the history of Korean art.

본고에서는 타동사 구문에 나란히 대응하는 수동문과 자동사 구문의 차이로서 종래의 연구에 있어서 지적되어 온 「동작주의 함의」라는 개념에 주목하여, 비정물을 주어로 하는 상대타동사의 수동문과 상대자동사 구문을 대상으로 구체적인 용례를 관찰하고 동작주의 함의라는 점에 있어서 두 형식이 실제로 차이를 보이는지 검토하였다. 「동작주의 함의」라는 개념을 명확히 하기 위하여 본고에서는 「동작주 존재 유무」와 「특정 동작주 함의」로 나누어 고찰하였으며, 수동문 및 상대자동사 구문이 나타내는 변화와 동작주 존재 유무, 그리고 특정 동작주 함의 여부와의 관련성을 관찰하였다. 구체적인 용례를 분석한 결과, 우선 상대타동사의 수동문과 상대자동사 구문은 나란히 상대타동사 구문에 대응한다고는 하지만 그 사용빈도에는 현격한 차이가 존재하여, 전체 용례에 있어서 수동문의 용례가 점하는 비율은 약 5%에 불과하며 상대자동사 구문의 용례가 약 95%를 점하고 있는 것을 확인하였다. 다음으로, 동작주의 함의와 관련하여 두 형식을 관찰한 결과, 유의미하게 영향을 미치는 요인은 특정 동작주의 함의보다는 동작주의 존재 유무라는 사실을 확인하였다. 그러나 이 요인은 상대자동사 구문의 사용과는 관련성이 없으며, 수동문의 사용에 한하여 영향을 미치고 있었다. 즉 수동문은 대부분의 경우 동작주가 존재하는 외인적인 변화를 나타내는 경우에만 사용되는 데에 반하여, 상대자동사 구문의 사용은 동작주의 존재 유무에 영향을 받지 않는 양상을 보였다. 기본적으로 수동문이 동작주가 존재하는 외인적인 변화를 나타내는 경우에만 사용되므로 동작주가 존재하지 않는 내발적인 변화를 나타내는 경우에는 상대자동사 구문만이 사용되지만, 상대자동사 구문은 내발적인 변화뿐 아니라 외인적인 변화를 나타내는 경우에도 활발히 사용되고 있었다. 수동문과 상대자동사 구문의 전체적인 사용빈도를 보았을 때에 상대자동사 구문의 비율이 현격하게 높은 것을 생각해 본다면, 전체적인 보이스 체계에 있어서는 어휘적 태의 형식인 자동사 구문이 동작주의 유무와 관계 없이 우선적으로 사용되고, 문법적 태의 형식인 수동문은 동작주가 존재하는 외인적인 변화를 나타내는 경우에 한하여 극히 낮은 비율로 사용되며 어휘적 태를 보충하고 있다고 볼 수 있을 것이다.

Taking note of the concept of the implicitness of an agent, as pointed out in previous studies, as being the difference between passive and intransitive sentences, this thesis has examined specific forms of usage and has studied whether the two forms are actually different in terms of the implicitness of the agent. As a result of the analysis of specific forms of usage, it has been, above all, confirmed that there is a noticeable difference in the frequency of the usage of passive and intransitive sentences, and that, in all forms of usage, the proportion of usage of passive sentences is only five percent, whereas the usage of intransitive sentences is 95 percent. Next, regarding the implicitness of the agent, two forms were examined, and the examination showed that, in most cases, passive sentences are used only when there are changes caused by an external agent, whereas the use of intransitive sentences is not affected. Basically, because passive sentences are used only under these circumstances, only intransitive sentences are used to describe the changes caused by internal cause without an agent, whereas intransitive sentences are actively used not only to describe the changes caused by internal factors but also to describe the changes caused by an external agent as well. It can be said that, with regard to the overall voice system, intransitive sentences are preferentially used, regardless of the implicitness of the agent, and, in the case of passive sentences, which is the grammatical voice, their usage is extremely rare as they are only used to describe the changes caused by the external agent, simply to supplement the lexical voice.

This study investigates the efficacy of shifting the conceptual framework of explicitness and implicitness in language learning from an instructor-centered to a learner-centered approach. Unlike traditional explicitness, which prioritizes linguistic forms, learner-centered explicitness focuses primarily on meaning-driven comprehension. The research utilized the film Materialists (Song, 2025) as the primary text, involving five non-English-major seniors with lower-intermediate proficiency. Over an eight-week period, students received explicit, meaning-oriented instruction centered on narrative language. Three subsequent tests were administered: two 20-item assessments focused on meaning, and a third 20-item assessment on meaning-form mapping based on input salience. The results demonstrated high efficacy with scores of 100% in the first test and 97% in the second, confirming that the subjects achieved near-perfect comprehension of the film’s narrative. The third test yielded an 84% success rate, indicating that explicit meaning-centered instruction effectively enhanced linguistic input salience, allowing learners to access linguistic forms through comprehension. These findings suggest that instructors should transition into supportive roles, relinquishing significant instructional authority to the learners. Since language users should ultimately determine their learning path, this study calls for a radical re-evaluation of pedagogical roles to prioritize learner agencies over traditional teacher-led methodologies. The findings support sustainable autonomy in lifelong language education.

This paper argues that 'impositives' and explicit request forms including imperatives, interrogatives and suggestions which contain the core request or the head act are considered politer than hints, in particular, in close relationship or when the size of the request act is not big. The use of imperatives with request markers jom and juda is considered polite because jom and juda are polite markers as well. Thus, Korean speakers employ direct directives more freely than English speakers. In English, to decrease imposition on hearer negative politeness strategies such as hedging, indirectness, giving option, and hints should be employed. 'Off-record' strategy, e.g., hints, is claimed as the politest strategy, but the long inferential path created by indirectness can be a cognitive burden. Hints can also be exploited for deniability or risk avoidance (Weizman 1993). Blum-Kulka (1987) assumes that the interactional balance achieved between the need for pragmatic clarity and the need to avoid coerciveness is important and thus clarity can be an essential part of politeness. This paper shows that the use of direct and explicit request forms is necessary for successful communications and can be politer than implicit ones in Korean.

England, My England, which is Lawrence's second collection of short stories, is generally considered a remarkable achievement that demonstrates his artistic maturity and great talent as a short-story writer. Although most of the stories in this volume may appear simple, they are imbued with subtlety and implicit complexity, demanding much from the reader's emotional and intellectual capacity. This paper aims to elucidate the artistic subtlety within "The Last Straw" and "Hadrian" and explore how it operates. Through a close examination of each text, it delves into key scenes and the intricate workings of the main character‘s psyche, unraveling their implied meanings. The paper concludes that active reader participation is crucial to the success of Lawrence's implicit storytelling.

This study selects the transcripts of press conferences of the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan from September 11, 2019 to September 12, 2023, based on three themes: “diplomatic visits”, “border measures” and “public health assistance”. It mainly analyzes the use of evasion strategies by the Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan. It turns out that the first two themes are often responded to with evasive responses, so this study explores the explicit and implicit use of evasion strategies by the Minister for Foreign Affairs in response to questions from the perspective of relevance theory in order to determine the reasons why he chose different evasion strategies for each topic. To conclude, the Minister for Foreign Affairs used explicit evasion strategies 1.5 times more often than implicit ones. Across different themes, the Minister for Foreign Affairs used explicit evasion strategies 3.4 times more often than implicit evasion strategies in response to “diplomatic visits”. For border measures, implicit evasion strategies were used 1.6 times more frequently than explicit evasion strategies. The difference lies in the different parts that need to be avoided in diplomatic visits and border measures. Specifically, for diplomatic visits, the Minister for Foreign Affairs chose the explicit evasion strategies of “direct refusal to answer” and “the question has been answered” from the perspective of non-intervention and consideration of other countries. In contrast, for border measures, he adopted the implicit evasion strategies of “incomplete answer” and “extension to the political perspective” since the border measures could be forced to change depending on the circumstances and could be decided by the country.