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Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess an association between nutrient intake and prevalence risk of deciduous dental caries among preschool children. Methods: A total of 922 children aged 3 to 5 years was selected from the database of Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHAINS). Data were included socio-demographic characteristics, oral health related behaviour, nutrient intake(carbohydrate, protein, fat, calcium, phosphate, iron, sodium and potassium), and oral health status(dft index). To assess the crude and adjusted associations, logistic regression analysis were applied considering a complex sampling design. Results: Children who were more consumed protein, calcium, phosphate, iron and sodium had slightly lower prevalence risk of deciduous dental caries after adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics and oral health related behaviour. Moreover, prevalence risk of the highest intake of phosphate and sodium(3rd tertiles) was significant lower than that of the lowest intake(1st tertiles). Conclusion: The nutrient intake was slightly associated with the prevalence risk of deciduous dental caries.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore relationship among dft index, diet and oral health behavior, parental awareness in oral health care and social status. Methods: This study was conducted from 8 January, 2009 to 11 June, 2009 in Asan city and Seosan city in Chungnam area. 4 kindergratens, 3 preschools and 1 children language academy were randomly selected to research on dft index, diet and oral health behavior. cross-sectional study conducted among 561 valid samples out of 641 samples collected using the survey was and then followed by oral examination. Throughout the research, numerus SPSS 15.0 statistical techniques, T-test and ANOVA and Spearman correlation coefficients were used for analysis. Results: Key results of the study are as follows: Age was found to be statistically very significant to dft index(p=0.036). Age of mother, especially between 30 to 49, was found to be statistically significant to dft index rate(p=0.001). Occupation of father was also found to be statistically significant to dft index(p=0.036). High parental awareness in oral health care led to low dft index rate, which also was found to be statistically significant (p=0.036). Conclusions: In conclusion, as Spearman correlation coefficient demonstrates, occupation of father affects most on long-term healthy oral behavior followed by parental awareness in oral health care and age of mother.

This study was performed to evaluate the importance of parents, knowledge, cognition and behaviour aboutdental health care on the development of dental caries in preschoolers.Subjects were comprised of 170 preschoolers collected from three preschoolers placed in Pusan and Kimhaearea and study period were 6 months from January, 2000.Examination on the preschoolers' dental health and questionnarie survey on parents' knowledge, cognition andbehaviour about dental health care were conducted. Collected data were analyzed by chi-square test and t-testusing SAS program.Dental caries was so prevalent as the rate of 73.5%. And, the rate was different by the area(p=0.001), andincreased with preschooler's age(=0.004). The parents gain the knowledge about dental health care mainly fromdentist or dental hygienist(32.9%), newspaper, magazine booklets(26.5%), TV and VTR tape(20.0%), etc, butrarely from school health education(4.7%). Caries prevalence was significantly lower in case of regular brushingthan that of insufficient brushing(p=0.002) and in case of consistently informing brushing time to theirchildren(p=0.014).This results showed that the dental health care for preschoolers is insufficient and the most important factor forcaries prevention is regular brushing. And it seemed that the parent's concern and knowledge play an importantrole for the prevention of preschooler's dental caries. Dental health education would be focused on the parents,especially for the practice of preventive behavior by preschoolers themselves.

최근 대체 감미료로서 당알코올과 합성감미제에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 에리스리톨은 포도당을 원료로 효모에 의해 생산되는 포도당 발효감미료로서 과실류, 버섯, 포도주, 청주, 간장등의 발효식품에 함유되어 있 는 천연당질로 C4H10O4의 분자구조를 가지는 4탄당의 당알코올이다. 구강내에서 산생성균인 Streptococcus mutans 의 증식과 산생성, 치면세균막 형성 및 치아우식증 등은 여러 종류의 영양물질이 혼합되어 있는 구강내에서 일어나는 과정이므로 본 연구는 에리스리톨과 다른 감미제에서 S. mutans의 성장력과 산생성력을 분석하여 에리스리톨이 치아 우식증의 예방에 관여하는 중요한 기전을 밝혀내어 치아우식예방을 위한 제품을 생산하거나 활용시 올바른 정보를 제공하고 개선방안을 마련하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 시행하였다. 연구결과 에리스리톨은 우식활성균의 성장 을 억제시키고 산생성능을 감소시켜 치아우식을 유발하지 않으며 우식예방효과가 있는 자당 대체 감미제로 우수한 것으로 확인이 되었다.

The purpose of this study was to closely examine the inhibitive effect of erythritol on growth and acidogenic ability of Streptococcus mutans. As expected, the growth of S. mutans was comparably increased with the addition of sucrose. However, xylitol and erythritol remarkably reduced the growth of S. mutans. Growth inhibition was detected at more than 5% of erythritol although xylitol showed growth inhibition effect at all concentrations tested. Growth inhibition effect was monitored with the combination of same concentration of erythritol and other carbohydrates. Combination of 5% or 10% erythritol with xylitol showed effective growth inhibition. Addition of 2.5%, 5%, or 10% erythritol with sorbitol also showed growth inhibition. From these results, erythritol showed potency of growth inhibition of S. mutans, which is involved in dental caries, and was confirmed to be an excellent sugar substitute, which has effect on preventing caries.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of socioeconomic factors and health behaviors on the prevalence of oral diseases(dental caries and periodontal disease) among Korean adults. Data from the 2005 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was analyzed for adults aged over 19 years (n=25,215). Oral disease was defined as disease diagnosed by a dentist for the previous 12 months. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to conduct statistical analysis. The population without dental caries and periodontal diseases were used as the reference category for all analysis. The overall prevalence of annual dentist-diagnosed dental caries and periodontal diseases were 23.5% and 10.6% respectively. The relative risk of developing dental caries for graduates of middle school and lower were 1.53 times (95% CI: 1.24-1.89) more likely to develop dental caries comparing to college graduates. Low income earners were 1.23 times(95% CI: 1.01-1.49) more likely to develop dental caries than high income earners. Persons covered by national medical insurance were 1.45 times(95% CI: 1.08-1.95) more likely to develop dental caries comparing to persons covered by employee medical insurance. Compared with persons not eating snacks, the risk of developing caries in persons eating snacks once a day was 1.16(95% CI: 1.01-1.32), while those who snacked twice or more a day were 1.19(95% CI: 1.01-1.41). The relative risk of developing periodontal disease was 3.71(95% CI: 2.38-5.80) higher in older individuals than younger. In terms of education level, middle school graduates and lower were 1.54 times more likely to develop periodontal disease than college graduates. Low income earners were 1.47 times more likely to develop periodontal diseases than high income earners. Using data from a large, nationally representative sample of Korean populations, we support the hypothesis that the prevalence of oral diseases is related with socioeconomic factors and health behaviors. More intensive intervention efforts to reduce the prevalence of dental diseases are warranted in Korea.

Purpose: Purpose: To understand the differences and correlations of the knowledge of oral health, behavior, self-efficacy, belief, and the number of cavities in accordance with the general traits of elementary school students. Methods: The survey was conducted at 2 elementary schools in D city, which 740 respondents were analyzed. Results: A group of students who have received health education has plentiful knowledge of oral health and have more cavities. Also, a group of students who have been to dental clinics recently have more knowledge of oral health, follow guidance on oral health, and have high level of belief in health. The more knowledge of oral health the students have, the better they behave for oral health and the higher self-efficacy and belief in oral health become. Students with higher self-efficacy show more knowledge of oral health, more appropriate behavior, and stronger belief in oral health, while the number of cavities are much less. Conclusion: Health education contributes to improving the level of knowledge of oral health. Comprehensive programs beyond simple introduction of knowledge will be needed to improve behavior, self-efficacy, and belief in oral health. It is recommended to include a health clinic within a program for improving oral health in school so that it can help more students get oral health.

Objective: To evaluate the tendency of occurrence of dental caries in the primary or permanent dentition of children with cerebral palsy (CP) and attempt to determine an appropriate treatment method. Method: We examined 29 children with CP treated in our rehabilitation center (CP group) and 27 normal children from one of the local kindergartens (control group). We checked DMF (decayed, missing and filled teeth) and DMF ratio (DMFR) and asked them if they underwent regular dental examinations or not. Results: The mean age (±standard deviation) of the CP and control groups was 4.75 (±1.99) and 4.96 (±0.71), respectively. The prevalence of dental caries in the CP and control groups was 69% and 44%, respectively; moreover the percentage of patients in the CP group who underwent regular dental examinations was lower, as compared to the control group. Moreover, a significant statistical relationship between dental caries and regular dental examinations was observed only in the CP group. Conclusion: As compared to the control group, the prevalence of dental caries in children with CP was higher, and they also underwent regular dental examinations less frequently.

This purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between dental caries experience and oral health cognition, dental treatment fear. This study includes self-reported questionnaires to investigate the relevance of each factor that oral health impact profile, dental treatment fear and oral examination for 135 participants. statistical verification conducted chi-square test and t-test through SPSS 18.0. 1. 33% of the subject rated their perceived oral health cognition was good. Men, and the regular examiners, dental visit experience more than one year recognized that the oral health status was positive (p<0.05). 2. Sealant group investigated that caries experience was lower than the group did not Sealant (p<0.05). 3. Oral health awareness survey shows high caries experience group more likely that complaints tooth pain, gum pain, food impaction, authoring aesthetic disability, discomfort, tooth-colored than caries experience (p<0.05). 4. Dental Anxiety Survey results show that Anxiety dental treatment had more experience and caries experience group Compared to the group of high caries experience (p<0.05). Based on results, high caries experience group showed more negative perceptions about oral health awareness. Group received less treatment showed more experience about dental Anxiety. For oral health promotion was required management to raise awareness of oral health. And ongoing management is needed for the prevention of oral diseases can reduce anxiety about dental treatment.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate on the recognition of preventive effects about dental caries who were employed in Gyengsangnam-do, Korea. Methods: The data obtained from 330 dental hygienists during 2 month. The survey was performed by a face-to-face interview questionnaire. The respondents were 315 from dental hygienists. Data were analyzed using frequency distribution, ANOVA. All statistical analyzed were conducted using Statistical Package for SPSS 11.5. Results: Dental hygienists thought that fluoride had preventive effects about dental caries. They thought pit & fissure sealants were effective in the prevention of dental caries. Conclusions: The findings suggest that oral health education program such as on the use of fluoride and sealants should be developed.

The aim of this study was to investigate the dental health capacity of first permanent molar by fluoride mouth rinsing program in the elementary school. The basic data also would purpose to provide elementary school students with management of the fluoride mouth rinsing program that can efficiently manage dental caries. The subjects in 4 elementary schools were 649 elementary (4th, 5th, and 6th grade) school students who had been studying in Yangsan city. It was conducted from April through May 2012. All statistical analyses were performed depending on the grade and gender, and dental caries (DMFT index), tooth loss, tooth surface treatment using t-test. The results were analyzed using a statistical package (SPSS 19.0K for window, SPSS Inc, USA). 1. For subjects who have first molar dental caries in the fluoride group was 0.18 that was significantly higher than the control group was 0.35. Although fist molar DMFT index among overall students in the fluoride group is 1.17 was not significant compared the control group was 1.30. The fluoride group was lower than the control group. 2. According to the gender, for male students in the fluoride group, dental health of first molar was 98.59 compared control group was 98.06. For female students in the fluoride group, dental health of the first molar was 98.04 compared to the control group, which were 97.81. 3. DMFT rate of first molar in the fluoride group was 1.69. The control group was 2.06 that was higher than the control group. There was not a large significance between the two groups. The finding of this study will be helpful to prevent dental caries in elementary school students. Ongoing fluoride mouth rinsing program is effective in preventing dental caries, infrastructure system to operate development of dental caries prevention program will be needed with activation and installation of the oral health center in elementary schools.

This study analyzes the changes in the decayed teeth (DT) index and decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index among 12-year-old children. It also examines the association between the consumption of cariogenic snacks and beverages and the DMFT index. Data from the 5th (2012), 6th (2015), and 7th (2018) National Oral Health Surveys were used for this study. The final subjects were 12-year-old children who participated in both the oral examination and the survey. We conducted a complex sample logistic regression analysis, adjusted for relevant variables, to determine if the frequency of cariogenic snack and beverage consumption affected the DT and DMFT index. A higher frequency of consuming cariogenic snacks and beverages was associated with both the DT and DMFT index. Although the association between the frequency of cariogenic snack and beverage consumption and the DMFT index is trending downward, a new approach is needed to improve the oral health of children exposed to cariogenic snacks and beverages, as the link between their consumption and dental caries experience continues to change.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate dental caries status in primary teeth among preschool children aged 3~6 years using the SmarTooth, and to evaluate the practical applicability of the SmarTooth examination device by comparing the results with the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Methods: Data for the SmarTooth were collected from March to July of 2024 in Seoul, involving 4,050 children aged 3~6 years. The KNHANES used raw data from 2019 and included 289 children aged 3~6 years. The number of decayed primary teeth was calculated by excluding permanent and missing primary teeth. Results: The prevalence of dental caries was 30.7% as measured by the SmarTooth device and 15.9% by the KNHANES device (p<0.001). The mean numbers of decayed primary teeth were 0.76±1.60 and 0.45±1.28, respectively, and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). For the SmarTooth device, the number of decayed primary teeth increased by approximately 0.25 for each additional year of age (p<0.001), and the prevalence of dental caries increased significantly by 1.46-fold (95% CI, 1.36~1.56; p<0.001). Conclusion: The SmarTooth device appears to be more sensitive than KNHANES device in detecting decayed primary teeth and determining the caries prevalence according to age. Therefore, the SmarTooth oral examination device is considered a suitable and effective device for the early detection of dental caries and oral health management.

본 연구는 디지털 치아우식 검사기기(Smartooth)를 활용하여 아동의 치아우식 상태를 평가하고, 기존의 주관적 검사 방법과의 일치도 및 관련성을 분석하고자 하였다. 연구대상은 필리핀 초등학생 103명으로, 설문조사 와 구강검사를 통해 구강건강행태, 구강관리용품 사용 여부, 구강상태를 조사하였다. 치아우식은 Smartooth로 측 정하여 우식치아 수와 정량적 점수를 산출하였다. 분석 결과, 12세 미만 아동에서 우식치아 수가 유의하게 많았으 며(p=0.037), 구강상태는 불량 집단에서 우식치아 수(p<0.001)와 정량적 점수(p=0.001) 모두 유의하게 높게 나타 났다. 또한 구강관리용품 사용은 정량적 점수와 음의 상관관계를 보였으며, 우식치아 수와 정량적 점수 간에는 강 한 양의 상관관계가 확인되었다(r=0.958, p<0.01). 본 연구는 디지털 치아우식 검사기기가 우식의 양적 지표뿐 아 니라 심각도까지 반영할 수 있음을 보여준다. 이는 아동 치아우식의 조기 발견과 예방 관리에 효과적인 도구로 활 용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

This study aimed to evaluate the dental caries status of children using a digital caries detection device (Smartooth) and to analyze the agreement and correlation with conventional subjective examination methods. We included 103 elementary school students and assessed factors such as oral health behaviors, oral hygiene aid use, and oral health status using questionnaires and dental health evaluations. Caries status was measured using Smartooth. Children under 12 years had significantly more decayed teeth (p=0.037), and poor oral health status was associated with higher numbers of decayed teeth (p<0.001) and scores(p=0.001). Oral hygiene aid use was negatively associated with caries scores, and a strong positive correlation was observed between decayed teeth and caries scores (r=0.958, p<0.01). Thus, digital devices such as Smartooth can be used to effectively analyze both the quantity and severity of dental caries.

이 연구는 초등학생의 치아우식 유병률에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하여 구강 건강 증진을 위한 기초자료 를 제공하고자 하였다. 경기도 소재 1개 초등학교 6학년 학생 189명을 대상으로 학교 구강검진 결과와 학교 건 강검사의 건강조사를 위해 실시한 건강 상태 기초조사의 식이 행태, 구강건강 행태 문항을 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 성별, 구강위생, 식이 행태 및 아침 식사 여부가 치아우식 유병률에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났 다. 특히, 구강위생은 치아우식의 주요 예측 요인으로 확인되었으며, 불량한 구강위생이 치아우식 발생 위험을 높이는 중요한 요인임을 시사하였다. 성별에 따른 치아우식 발생 차이는 여학생이 남학생보다 높은 유병률을 보여, 성별에 따른 맞춤형 구강 관리 교육이 필요하다. 또한 라면, 채소 등의 섭취 빈도와 아침 식사의 빈도가 치아우식에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 전반적인 식이 관리에 대한 교육이 필요하다. 이상의 결과를 종합하 였을 때 구강건강 증진을 위하여 구강위생 상태 개선을 위해 식생활 교육을 포함한 체계적인 구강 건강 교육 프로그램이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

This study analyzed factors affecting the prevalence of dental caries in elementary school students to provide basic data for promoting oral health. The results of the school oral examination and the basic health status survey conducted for the health survey of the school health examination were analyzed for 189 sixth grade students in one elementary school in Gyeonggi Province. The results of the study showed that gender, oral hygiene, dietary behavior, and breakfast intake significantly affected the prevalence of dental caries. In particular, oral hygiene was identified as a major predictor of dental caries, suggesting that poor oral hygiene is an important factor that increases the risk of dental caries. The difference in dental caries incidence by gender showed that female students had a higher prevalence than male students, so customized oral care education by gender is necessary. In addition, the frequency of consuming ramen, vegetables, etc. and the frequency of breakfast intake were found to affect dental caries, suggesting that education on overall dietary management is necessary. In summary of the above results, it is believed that a systematic oral health education program including dietary education is necessary to improve oral hygiene and promote oral health.

본 연구는 성별에 따른 청소년의 비만과 치아우식증과의 관련성을 확인하는 것을 목표로 한다. 제6기 국민 건강영양조사(2013-2015) 자료를 사용하였다. 분석은 SPSS Ver 22.0을 사용하였고, 성별에 따른 청소년의 비만 과 치아우식증 관련성은 복합표본 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 사용하였다. 비만과 치아우식증과의 관련성 파악을 위해 13-18세 청소년을 대상으로 본 연구와 관련 있는 조사 항목에 응답한 1,243명을 연구 대상자로 선정하였다. 성별에 따른 청소년의 비만과 치아우식증과의 관련성은 혼란변수를 보정 후 관련이 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 청소년 을 대상으로 비만 예방프로그램과 구강 관리 프로그램이 필요하다.

This study aims to assess the relationship between obesity and dental caries in adolescents. Data were used from the 6th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2015). Data analysis was performed using the SPSS Ver 22.0 program, and complex sample multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze relationship dental caries and obesity according to gender in adolescents. The subjects of this study were 1,243 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years. The relationship between obesity and dental caries in adolescents according to gender was not confirmed after adjusting for confounding variables. Therefore, obesity prevention programs and oral care programs for adolescents will be necessary.