Earticle

Based on the concept of literacy sponsorship coined by Deborah Brandt, this study aimed to explore the affecting patterns of literacy sponsorship in people’s lives. According to Brandt, literacy sponsor refers to any agents, local or distant, concrete or abstract, who enable, support, teach, model, as well as recruit, regulate, suppress, or withhold literacy, and gain advantage by it in some way. For the research purpose, 4 Chinese participated in this study. Data sources, including interviews as the main data source, chatting history and blog as the supplementary data source, were collected and analyzed. According to the research findings, the most dominant literacy sponsors in participants' lives are 1)literacy learning activities happened in school, 2)signigicant others such as parents, relatives and other knowledgable adults, 3)traditional media like books, 4)multimedia like televisions, radio, 5)internet, and 6)learners' affective experiences such as curiosity, engagement, self-efficacy and feeling of challenge. The patterns of their sponsoring were shown differently. Finally, research comments were provided for further research and better support for literacy learning.

This study was performed to provide fundamental data on the convenience foods purchase according to the food-related lifestyle. This study was conducted on 398 Chinese international students residing in Gyeonggi area between October and December 2019. Among the total 373 survey subjects, gender was 183 male students (49.1%) and 190 female students (50.9%). This study was conducted by questionnaire method with reference to previous studies. There are significant differences in economic pursuit and taste pursuit for delivery food use, economic pursuit and taste pursuit for delivery food information, health pursuit and taste pursuit in delivery food ordering method, and economic pursuit and convenience pursuit for delivery food use (p<0.05). Delivery food usage time was significantly different in convenience pursuit, health pursuit, eating out pursuit, and taste pursuit (p<0.05), and the delivery food preference menu was significantly different in economic pursuit, health pursuit, eating out pursuit, and taste pursuit (p<0.05). The menu positive factors among satisfaction factors showed statistically significant differences in economic pursuit (β=0.188, t=3.531) and health pursuit (β=0.160, t=3.099) among food related lifestyle factors. In conclusion, this study presented the desirable direction of delivery food usage in Chinese students.

In this study, we investigate the effect of perception and experience within Interactive Storytelling Content (ISC), a content type, on user flow experience, satisfaction, and intention to continue using ISC. We consider perceived interaction, perceived attributes of innovations, and usage patterns as types of independent variables. We classify respondents with experience using ISC into a non-portable devices-centered user group and a portable devices-centered user group, depending on their preferred device types. We examined the perceived interaction related to ISC and identified Person to Person (P2P), Person to Computer (P2C), and Person to Storytelling (P2S) interaction. We found out that P2P and P2S interaction influences are confirmed, and all variables in perceived attributes of innovations have a significant influence. The number of ISCs watched and the duration of Netflix subscriptions affect some dependent variables. Findings suggest that over-the-top (OTT) services, delivering content and media over the Internet rather than traditional cable, offer users an interaction experience and should provide different values for each device.

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the socioeconomic factors, the health behavior factors and dietary pattern that have an influence on abdominal obesity, as measured by using the waist circumference in children and adolescents. Methods: This study used data collected from 1998, 2001, 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Final sample included 3,596 subjects from 10 to 19 years old who had completed necessary health examinations, health behaviors survey, and nutrition survey. Results: 12 dietary patterns emerged from factor analysis with different factor loading. Logistic regression analysis of the factors that affect abdominal obesity showed that the education level, BMI(Body Mass Index) and dietary pattern, 'Kimchi' including Korean cabbage and radish affected the abdominal obesity in children and adolescents. Conclusions: Abdominal obesity is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality, and it is associated with chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Based on the findings, it is essential to modify dietary pattern for preventing abdominal obesity, which is a condition associated with the incidence of chronic disease in adults.

서울시 가구원별 가구수는 미혼 및 만혼 등의 사회적 현상으로 인하여 소형화되어 1·2인 가구의 비율이 증가하고 있어 국가 는 주거안정 및 주거환경의 쾌적성 확보, 저렴하면서 부담가능한 소형주택의 공급을 위해 2009년 「주택법」개정으로 도시형 생활주택제도를 도입하였다. 소형주택 공급에는 기여하였으나 일부 지역 및 주택유형에 집중되어 있고 주거비 부담 등의 문제 가 있어 공공의 역할에 대한 문제가 제기된다. 따라서 도시형생활주택제도가 도입된 지 10년이 되고 있는 시점에서 소형주택의 대표적 공급사례인 도시형생활주택의 개발패턴 분석으로 소형주택은 어디에 얼마나 공간적으로 집중되어 개발되었는지, 집중 개발이 진행된 지역의 특성은 무엇인지에 대한 연구가 진행될 필요가 있다. 2009~2017년 간 서울시에서 허가된 도시형생활주택을 대상으로 GIS를 이용한 공간패턴 분석방법 중 핫스팟 분석방법 (Hotspot analysis)을 적용하였으며. 공간적 군집형성에 영향을 미치는 요인의 영향을 분석하기 위해 집계구 단위 핫스팟 여 부를 종속변수로 하는 로짓모형을 하였다. Getis-Ord Gi* 실시결과 서울시 도시형생활주택은 군집되어 있음을 알 수 있으며, 95% 신뢰범위 기준 핫스팟 지역(2,969개소)과 콜드스팟(1,796개소)이 산출되었다. 로짓분석을 이용한 군집패턴 영향 요인 분석 결과, 소형가구 비율과 지가상승률이 군집특성에 양(+)의 영향을 크게 미치며 지하철역 수와 일반주거지역 면적비율이 군집패턴에 양(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 당초 노후주택이 밀집한 지역에서 주택재건의 대안으로 소형주택 개발이 시행될 것으로 예상하였으나 분석그룹별로는 영향이 없거나 부(-)의 영향을 미쳤다. 이는 도시형생활주택 공급이 노후주택 비 율을 낮추는 상관관계이기 때문으로 생각된다. 따라서 도시형생활주택에 거주하는 1인가구는 임대료가 상대적으로 비싼 지역 에서 거주하며 일정 거리 이상의 출·퇴근을 하고 대중교통에 접근이 용이한 지역을 선호하는 것으로 판단되며 임대료 부담정도 가 대중교통의 접근성보다 우선하는 것으로 추정된다. 해당 지역별로 1인가구가 부담가능한 주택 공급이 필요하고 핫스팟 지역 이 일부지역에만 군집하고 있어 서울시 내 도시형생활주택의 개발압력은 상당기간 계속될 것으로 예상되어 지속적인 모니터링 이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 또한 지가 변동률이 낮은 지역을 중심으로 대중교통 접근성을 높여, 상대적으로 임대료가 낮은 소 형주택 공급이 가능하도록 제도 및 정책 개발이 필요하다고 판단된다.

Objectives: Exposure to hazardous air pollutants could be affected by sociodemographic factors such as age, gender and more. Information on time spent in microenvironments has a critical role in exposure assessment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the exposure pathways which influence personal exposure through time-activity patterns and sociodemographic factors. Methods: A total of 379 subjects were collected from the second term of the Korean National Environmental Health Survey. A questionnaire survey in relation to sociodemographic factors and a time-activity diary were carried out for personal exposure to toluene. Focusing on personal exposure to toluene, factors affecting personal exposure were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Results: Participants spent their time in an indoor house for $16.8{\pm}4.0hr$, workplace or school $2.3{\pm}3.5hr$, and other indoor $2.1{\pm}2.2hr$. Sociodemographic factors were significantly different among each personal exposure and microenvironment. Time of staying at an office turned out to be a main factor from point of exposure in exposure pathway using multiple regression analysis. As a result, this means that exposure may be different according to the time of staying in each microenvironment. Conclusions: Personal exposure to air pollutants might be decided by time-activity pattern indicating when, where, and which activities people pursue, as well as individual sociodemographic factors.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the pattern of endodontic instrument separation, their retrievability, and factors affecting its retrieval, in a postgraduate institute. Methods: Cases referred for the management of separated endodontic instruments (SEI) from 2013 to 2023 were considered for this study. Data related to demographics, tooth type, file type, and retrieval were documented in an Excel sheet. Eight prognostic factors assumed to influence the retrieval were analyzed in this study. The secondary aim was to compare the pattern of SEI and retrievability between conventional nickel-titanium files and newer generation heat-treated nickel-titanium files. Retrieval was attempted by a senior endodontist under the dental operating microscope. Various ultrasonic tips and a Broken Tool Removal loop system were used during retrieval. Simple descriptive statistics were performed. Binomial logistic regression was done to identify the effect of the eight prognostic factors on the retrieval outcome. Results: A total of 190 SEI was reported. SEI occurred more often in posterior teeth than anterior teeth, mandibular arch than maxillary arch, and in larger files than smaller files. Separation occurred more often in the apical third compared to the other levels. Retrieval was attempted in 88 cases and successful in 70 cases (79.5%). The larger taper and apical position of the SEI negatively influenced the retrieval by 1.4 and 8.7 times, respectively. Conclusions: Retrieval of SEI was successful in the majority of the cases. An increase in taper and apically placed SEI negatively impacted the retrieval. There was no difference in the pattern of separation nor retrievability between conventional nickel-titanium files and newer generation heat-treated nickel-titanium files.

Purpose: Improvement of left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction (DD) is known to be a good prognostic factor in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (EF). In the present study, we investigated the predisposing risk factors affecting the reversibility of LV diastolic filling pattern (DFP) in patients with preserved EF. Materials and Methods: A total of 600 patients with pseudonormal LVDFP and preserved EF who underwent follow-up echocardiography were enrolled between 2011 and 2020. We compared their index and follow-up echocardiography findings and determined the predisposing risk factor affecting the reversibility of LVDFP. Results: Comparing the index and follow-up echocardiography findings showed that 379 (63%) patients had improved to normal or impaired relaxation LVDFP (improved group) and 221 (37%) patients had maintained or worsened LVDFP (unimproved group). The incidence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) was significantly higher in the unimproved group than in the improved group (4.7% vs. 9.5%, p=0.026). After adjustment for relevant clinical risk factors of diastolic dysfunction, PAF was determined to be an independent predisposing risk factor for the unimproved LVDFP (odds ratio: 2.10, 95% confidence interval: 1.06?4.15, p=0.033). Among the parameters of diastolic dysfunction in follow-up echocardiography, the left atrial volume index, mean E/A ratio, and E/e' were significantly improved in patients without PAF but remained in patients with PAF. Conclusion: We identified that PAF was an independent predisposing risk factor of the unimproved LVDFP in patients with pseudonormal LVDFP and preserved EF. Therefore, early detection and management of PAF might be required in patients with LVDD and preserved EF to prevent adverse cardiovascular events.

We examined the effect of strip visual stimulation pattern on postural balance control. It was performed by using motor driven clothe panel as visual stimulation. We also investigated the usefulness of HMD in the postural balance rehabilitation training system from the view of reducing the scale of experimental system. Our result showed that strip visual pattern was effective on postural balance control. It also indicated that HMD might be applied to clinical use as a new postural balance training system.

본 연구는 중학생의 직업포부 변화를 종단적으로 탐색하고 성별, 부모의 사회경제적 지위,문화자본, 학업성취가 그러한 변화에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 검증하였다. 한국교육개발원의한국교육종단연구 자료를 활용하였고, 잠재집단모형과 잠재집단성장모형을 통해 직업포부 변화추이와 잠재집단 유형 및 영향요인에 대해 구체적으로 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 고수준 하락집단, 안정화 집단, 저수준 증가집단이라는 3개의 잠재집단이 도출되었다. 세 집단은 중학교3학년 시점에서 전체의 평균치에 수렴하는 것으로 나타났다. 남학생은 고수준 하락집단에,여학생은 안정화 및 저수준 증가집단에 속하고, 문화자본을 소유할수록 안정화집단에 속하는것으로 나타났다.

This study examines the occupational aspiration change in middle school student and analyzes the effect of gender, socioeconomic status, cultural capital and academic performance. Data from Korea Education Longitudinal Study_(KELS) from 2005 were analyzed using Latent Growth Model_(LGM) and Latent Class Growth Model_(LCGM). The main results of this study are summarized as follows. Three latent classes were identified based on the patterns: -'decreasing high-level group_(26.2%)'-, -'stable group_(63.5%)'-, and -'increasing low-level group_(10.1%). The three latent classes were converged to the average score over time. Students were classified into the groups according to their gender: male students in the decreasing high-level group and,female students in the stable and increasing low-level group. Results show that students who have cultural capital had a stronger tendency of belonging to the stable group.

This study was carried out to evaluate the relations between sociodemographic, work-related factors and health related behaviors in a group of 1,042 workers in Taejeon and Chungnam area. The results were as followings: The older workers took more irregularly meals, more cigarette and more alcohol than the younger. Men had more appropriate sleeping time, more regular exercise than women, but more frequent alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking. The married had more regular sleeping habit than the unmarried. The group of married were smoking more and obese. In view of monthly income which represent the socioeconomic state of workers, the group of more than 1 million won had more frequent alcohol ingestion, more heavier body weight than another group of less than 1 million won. Workers having their work hours exceed 9 hours had inappropriate sleep duration, and shift workers took more irregularly meals. The group having poor self-rated health status showed more regular diet, exercise and overweight. Workers recently experienced chronic illness were more overweight and lesser smokers. Above results showed that the health related behaviors were related to the sociodemographic characteristics and occupation-related characteristics. The study for relationship between variant factors affecting health behavior and disease or mortality is need and it should be emphasized that the publicity and education of health related behavior for industrial workers is necessary.

본 연구는 인터넷 쇼핑몰이 지속적 경쟁우위를 갖기 위해서 고객에 대한 초기신뢰 유지전략이 중요하다는 문제의식에서 출발하였다. 이론적 고찰을 근거로 인터넷 홈페이지(쇼핑몰)의 특성과 실용적 쇼핑가치와 쾌락적 쇼핑가치가 미치는 영향요인, 쇼핑만족을 위한 신뢰영향요인을 측정함으로써 인터넷 쇼핑몰의 재구매의도에 영향을 미치는 영향요인을 파악하는데 그 목적이 있다. Fung & Lee (1999), Cheskin Research(1999), 윤성준(2000), 박영조(2002), Menon & Balasubramanianl,1999, Chaudhuri and Holbrook(2001)의 연구를 바탕으로 온라인 쇼핑몰 이용시 사용자들의 신뢰에 영향을 미치는 영향요인(정보품질, 웹디자인, 사용편이성)이 구매의도 및 제품유형에 중요한 역할을 하는지 검증하였다. 연구결과 소비자에게 지각된 정보의 품질, 웹사이트 디자인, 사용편이성은 초기신뢰에, 초기신뢰가 구매의도에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다

This application thesis for the master degree is constructed with an introduction, the research's theoretical foundation, a research model, the hypothesis, positive research results, and conclusions/suggestions. From the consumer's position, belief not only can reduce several efforts of need or in bringing down the expense of transaction but also can remove uncertainty from the transaction and help to provide psychological stability. In the Internet shop's position, belief means to form the possibility of purchase and is very important for earnings (Park Young Jo, 2003). This thesis' research purpose: First, determine which factors of belief relate to online shopping. Second, reconfirm the relationship between belief in online shopping and the purpose of purchase. Third, in compliance with the principle of product pattern (voluptuous product / utilitarian product)determine how the web site's form and elements modify consumers' perception and belief. The theoretical background, according to prior research, describes different kinds of online consumers,the behavior of online consumers, the existing studies of belief, and the relationship between belief,purchase intention, and production patterns. The factors affecting online purchase behavior are the consumers' character, the purposes of information research, the features of the web site, product patterns, the benefits of Internet transactions and the risks of Internet transactions (Lee Hak Sik, An Kwang Ho, Ha Young Won). Fung & Lee first argued that factors forming early belief leading to purchases are information quality, web interface design, and company reputation. In my study, I chose three variables as independent variables (information quality, web design, and use convenience) from 11 variables of the research of Park Young Jo in 2003, which were proven to be the main factors affecting belief. The modulation variable is the production (voluptuous product / utilitarian product), and the dependent variable is the purchase intention. This thesis, which is based on research object who will purchase perfume or cleaning machines in their often visited Internet sites, is going to find out the factors affecting web site belief according to different product patterns. It also studies how belief affects purchase intention, then draws the research model, and establishes a hypothesis with constructional definitions of variables. Questionnaire items including the factors affecting web site belief, early belief in general, purchase intention, product pattern, and population statistics total 31. Beside six abnormal questions, all are measured on a 7-point scale. The research object is those who will purchase perfume or a cleaning machine between the ages of 20 to 50 years old. This study is executed by a verification of over 0.6 of chronbach’s ? coefficient for verifying the internal consistency of measuring tools, and verifies the hypothesis by regression analysis. To find out if the questionnaires of product patterns are correctly measured, additional analysis is performed by averaging the perfume and cleaning machine's questionnaire items, and by a t-test between items.

In Chungcheongnam-do, competitors such as department stores, large-scale marts, and SSMs are emerging due to the launch of Nippo New City and Sejong Special Municipality. In addition, it is urgent to maximize the management efficiency of existing Hanaro Mart, as the existing distribution structure changes in the study area. The study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting the management performance of 48 Hanol Mart in Nonghyup, Gongju, Seosan, Asan and Cheonan in Chungcheongnam-do using AHP (Analytic Hier-archy Process) Respectively. Priority analysis results and easiness of walking use 0.137, convenience of parking space 0.080, image of the store and cleanliness 0.778, convenience of use of public transportation (subway, bus, etc.) 0.072, product differentiation 0.065, distribution of Hanaro Mart stores by region 0.047 , And the overall ease of travel with Mart was 0.437. In terms of ease of use, ease of use of public transportation (subways, buses, etc.), distribution of Hanaro Mart stores by region, and convenience of mobility with overall shopping mall, It is seen as a related problem. Based on the results of the analysis, we suggest suggestions and improvement plans to utilize Hanaro Mart as basic data for efficient and rational operation and planning.