Earticle

건축공간의 실체는 물리적이지만 성능은 물리적 기능에 더하여 그 공간의 용도와 내부에서 생활하는 사용자들의 복잡한 상호관계에 의해 이루어진다. 70년대 들어 공간의 특성을 분석하기 위해 다양한 공간구조분석이론이 제시되고 검증되어 왔으나 목적성(동선, 서비스)과 사용자의 특성을 반영할 수 없는 등 많은 한계에 부딪혀왔다. 본 연구에서는 공간을 복잡계의 관점에서 바라보고자 하였으며, 복잡계 분석 이론 중 하나인 Agent based modeling을 이용하여 가능성을 파악하고자 하였다. 이에 space syntax 데이터에 대입할 수 있는 밀도, 통행량, 에이전트의 존속시간 등 3가지 지표를 제시하고, 여기에 8가지 프로토타입 예시공간에 pedestrian based discrete event simulation을 수행하여 raw data를 추출하였다. 또한 오차 내 데이터 수렴시간 분석을 통해 적정시뮬레이션 시간을 도출하였고, 샘플을 이용한 10차례의 반복시뮬레이션과 에이전트 종속시간분석을 통해 work flow chart를 검증하였다. ABM시뮬레이션을 통해 얻은 밀도데이터를 convex map의 분석결과와, 통행량을 axial map분석결과와 피어슨 상관계수를 통한 관계성을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.1) 10차례의 반복시뮬레이션을 통해 emergence data의 일관성을 확인하였고, 빠른 시간 안에 오차 이내로 데이터가 수렴되는 경향을 확인하였다. 2) 영역밀도(convex map)가 통행량(axial map)에 비하여 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 3) 밀도는 대칭성에 영향을 크게 받으며, 대칭구조가 비대칭구조보다 상관관계가 크다. 통행량은 위상적 특징과 관련이 깊으며, tree 형태가 ring형태보다 상관관계가 크다. 특히 순환형 구조는 ABM의 통행량과 공간구조이론간 상관관계가 없다. 4) VGA는 공간구조이론과 유사한 성향을 보이지만 격차는 작았다.

The reality of the architectural space is physical, but the performance of the space is based on not only the physical function of the space but also the usage of the space and the complex interrelationships of users who live in the space. Since 1970, various theories for spatial structure analysis have been proposed and verified in order to analyze the characteristics of space, but they have faced many limitations such as their inability to reflect the purposes of space (moving path, services) and the characteristics of users. In this paper, we tried to look at the space in perspective of the complex system and tried to grasp the possibility by using the Agent-based modeling which is one of the complex system analysis theory. Hence, we propose three metrics, that can be assigned to the space syntax data, such as density, traffic volume and lifetime of the agent, and then extracted raw data by performing pedestrian based discrete event simulation in the eight prototype example spaces. In addition, the optimal simulation time was derived by analyzing the convergence time of the data within the error range, and we verified the work flow chart through 10 repetitive simulations using samples and agent dependent time analysis. By analyzing the correlation between the density data obtained from the ABM simulation and the result of convex map analysis and the correlation between traffic volume and the result of axial map analysis through Pearson correlation coefficient, the following results were obtained. 1) We confirmed the consistency of the emergence data through 10 repetitive simulations and confirmed that the data converge to within an error range in fast. 2) The convex map has higher correlation than the axial map. 3) Density is significantly influenced by symmetry, and symmetric structure is more correlated than asymmetric structure. The traffic volume is related to the topological features, and the tree topology is more correlated than the ring topology. In particular, the circular structures have no correlation with ABM traffic volume and spatial structure theory. 4) VGA has similar characteristics to space syntax, but the gap was small. Four metrics of space syntax (connectivity, control value, global integration, local integration, connectivity of visual graph analysis) were used as a comparison metric with the spatial structure theory.

The purpose of this study is to suggest architectural planning directions for improving mutual communication of user and librarian at children's library. It used quantitative method, Isovist Fields and Visibility Graph Analysis tool to analyze four cases of children's libraries. This study proposed the following issues to improve the result: (1)Based on the height of furniture considering the librarians working behavior, it is desirable to adjust below sitting eye level, also the layout of the furniture should be placed in a similar direction onto visible radiation. (2)The position of the reading room for infants and preschoolers should satisfy face-to-face arrangement for lower Visual Step Depth from service desk point. If it is placed on the side or rear part of service desk point, it should consider the material transparency for spatial visual communication in the plan. (3)The position of the service desk should be adjacent from passage space between general reading room and different function rooms to increase the librarian's observability and communication of visual perception. (4)The readers are required to have advanced consciousness in terms of the role of the librarian.

고밀도 도심주택에서는 자연적으로 프라이버시 침해가 발생하기 쉬우며, 이러한 우려는 거주자들에 게 스트레스를 유발시키고, 삶의 질을 떨어뜨리는 원인중 하나로 발전하게 된다. 착공전 설계단계에 서 이러한 문제들을 사전에 파악할 수 있는 지침의 확보가 필요하나 단순한 공식적 해법으로는 데이 터를 확보하는데 한계가 있다. 이에 대한 대안으로 가시장이론(ISOVIST)을 토대로 하는 시각적 침해 도 그래프분석이론을 제안하였으며, 이를 분석 어플리케이션 구축과 실험예시를 통해 그 효용성을 검증하였다. 분석방법은 Batty의 raster기반 ISOVIST와 같이 침해받는 측과 침해하는 측에 일정한 간 격의 2차원 배열의 측정점(node)를 설치하고, 차폐모델에 저해받지 않고 연결되는 각 측정점간의 시 각적 연결빈도를 측정하여, 누적값을 그래프로 재현하였다. 그리고 로우데이터를 캐드시스템으로 전 송하여, 각 주동별, 실별 침해도 데이터와 개선효과를 정량화시켰다. 검증을 위한 실험예시 평가는 3 단계로 진행하였다. 첫 번째는, 2개의 주동이 서로 마주보고 있는 상황을 모델링하여, 거리별(3개), 편심크기별(5개)로 차이를 둔 총 15개의 대안을 마련하였다. 이를 개발된 분석어플리케이션의 그래 프분석을 통해 그 특성을 파악하였다. 두 번째, 이를 토대로 7개의 주동이 정면으로 마주보고 있을 때와 편심으로 어긋나게 배치되었을 때 의 두 가지 실제적인 주동 배치 모델에 적용하여, 총괄적 침해도 측정과 개선효과를 파악하였다. 세 번째, 동일한 모델에 대하여 침해도가 심한 주동의 단위평면의 세부 특성을 파악함으로서 대안을 마 련할 수 있도록 하였다. 데이터의 분석과정에서 다음과 같은 결론을 도출할 수 있었다. 1) 각 주동별 침해도와 단위평면의 실별 침해도를 정량화하고 특성을 그래프화시켜 파악할 수 있었다. 2) 마주보는 동의 중심축의 편심이 클수록 침해도는 줄어들게 된다. 그러나 시각적으로 침해하는 측에서 의도적 으로 관찰하고자 한다면 거리가 멀수록 확률적으로 침해받을 확률이 커진다. 3) 동일 대지 내에 주동 이 평행하게 정렬되어 되어 있는 안과 중심축을 편심시킨 대안을 비교한 결과 중심축이 편심된 안의 침해도는 상당부분 감소한다.

In high density apartments, it is easy to have privacy related issues and such problem not only causes stress to residents but also is developed as one of reasons that deteriorate life quality. Although there should be guidelines to manage such issues at the planning stage before the apartment construction, it is limited to secure such data with a simple and common solution. Therefore as a countermeasure of this, the graph analysis theory on invasion of visual privacy was suggested based on ISOVIST, and its feasibility was assessed through construction of an application and case test. As for the analysis method, the node of 2-dimentional arrangement with regular intervals was installed at the invaded and invading part as Batty’s raster-based ISOVIST while measuring frequency of visual connection between each measuring node that was connected without interference of occlusion model. Then, the accumulated values were represented in a graph. Also, the raw data was transferred to the CAD system while quantifying the data on privacy invasion in each apartment building and room as well as improvement effect. For the assessment of the case test, three stages were promoted. First, the situation with two apartment buildings facing each other was taken into account and total 15 countermeasures were provided depending on distance (3 items) and eccentric size (5 items). Through the graph analysis of the developed analysis application, the characteristics were assessed. Second based on the result derived from the first stage, one case when seven apartment buildings were facing each other and the other case when the apartments were wrongly arranged from the eccentricity were examined to measure the comprehensive level of privacy invasion and improvement effect. And third, the unit plan characteristics of the apartment buildings with sever privacy invasion were examined among the same model to provide a countermeasure. Through the data analysis, it was possible to derive results as follows. 1)It was possible to quantify the level of privacy invasion as well as privacy invasion depending on unit of each room while understanding characteristics by reflecting the features in a graph. 2) Bigger eccentricity of the central axis in the facing apartment building showed less privacy invasion. However, the probability of privacy invasion gets bigger along with distance if a visually-invading party intentional observes others. 3) When comparison was made between the apartment buildings that were evenly arranged within the same land and that of eccentric central axis, the level of privacy invasion for the apartment building with eccentric central axis was extensively reduced.

In order to objectively grasp the research hotspots and development trend of ASEAN-China agricultural products, this paper uses 646 articles on ASEAN-China agricultural products collected in CNKI database from 2002 to 2022 as the data source, draws the knowledge map using CiteSpace bibliometric software, and conducts visual analysis. The research themes of agricultural products are divided into two stages: before and after the introduction of belt and road; the research hotspots are shifted along 11 themes: zero tariff, countermeasures, trade effects, impact factors, binary margin, hog products, cotton imports, export value, and trade potential, belt and road and ternary margin. Based on this, we provide scientific theoretical guidance and suggestions to further deepen the research on ASEAN-China agricultural products.