Earticle

DAB는 CD 수준의 음질, 다양한 데이터서비스, 이동 중에도 우수한 수신 품질을 제공할 차세대 라디오 방송이다. 이전에 듣는 라디오에서 벗어나 보는 라디오로서 고품질 음악 방송서비스를 제공하면서 아울러 교통정보, 뉴스 등에 관한 문자, 그래픽 등의 멀티미디어 정보 제공이 가능하다. 본 논문에서는 ITS 서비스용 Eureka-147 및 ETSI 300 401 규격을 따르는 DAB 튜너를 설계하고 제작한다. 기존에 만들어진 DAB 수신기와 달리 RF튜너만을 하나의 소형 모듈로 개발하여 범용성을 갖도록 하여 다양한 기존 제품에 응용이 될 수 있도록 한다. 튜너의 전체 성능은 RF 및 VCO의 위상 잡음 성능에 의해 크게 좌우되며 LNA, 이미지 제거 필터와 채널 선택 필터는 수신기 수신 감도에 큰 영향을 준다. 제작된 튜너는 9dB의 반사손실, 6dB의 잡음지수(Band III, L-band) 및 -97dBm의 수신 감도를 보이고, 이는 DAB 시스템의 기술 사양을 모두 만족한다.

DAB(Digital audio broadcasting) is a next generation radio broadcasting system which provides CD quality audio, various data services and superior reception ability when moving. Also, it can show traffic informations and news literally or graphically. In this paper, we design and fabricate the DAB tuner for ITS service that follows Eureka-147 and ETSI 300 401 specifications. This small-sized tuner can be adopted to mny electronic equipments such as a Hi-Fi audio, DVD player, car audio system etc.. The overall performance of the tuner depends on a phase noise of VCO and the sensitivity of the receiving system is influenced by LNA, image rejection filter and channel selection filter. All our measurement results satisfy the specification for a DAB system with the return loss of 9dB, the noise figure of 6dB for both Band 111 and L-band and the sensitivity of -97dBm.

Permeate alteration technique is compounded the steeple sway-tuner status of the gleam-differential realization level (GDRL) on the permeate realization morph. The realization level condition by the permeate realization morph system is associated with the sway-tuner system. As to search a dot of the dot situation, we are gained of the permeate value with character-dot by the output signal. The concept of realization level is composed the reference of gleam-differential level for alteration signal by the permeate tuner morph. Moreover displaying a steeple alteration of the GDRL of the average in terms of the sway-tuner morph, and permeate dot tuner that was the a permeate value of the far alteration of the Per-rm-FA-αAVG with 14.63±1.23 units, that was the a permeate value of the convenient alteration of the Per-rm-CO-αAVG with 8.28±0.97 units, that was the a permeate value of the flank alteration of the Per-rm-FL-αAVG with 3.28±0.58 units, that was the a permeate value of the vicinage alteration of the Per-rm-VI-αAVG with 0.51±0.10 units. The sway tuner will be to evaluate at the steeple ability of the sway-tuner morph with character-dot by the permeate realization level on the GDRL that is displayed the gleam-differential morph by the realization level system. Sway realization system will be possible to control of a morph by the special signal and to use a permeate data of sway tuner level.

Medical robots are sensitive tools to improve the surgery’s performance. One of the most active research area in this field is control of medical robot. In this research, nonlinear, stable and robust Sliding Mode controller (SMC) is used as a based controller. This algorithm works based on the functional operation. The main traditional functions for this algorithm are switching and saturation functions. In this research, fuzzy algorithm is used to design a unique function to adjust the output performance. According to this research, the chattering eliminated based on applied modified sliding function, which is more robust than conventional sliding mode controller.

본 논문에서는 밀리미터파 Tuner system을 이용하여 밀리미터파 탐색기에 적용 가능한 W-band MMIC 저잡음 증폭기를 구현하였다. 저잡음 증폭기를 위해 구현된 MHEMT의 측정결과 692mA/mm의 드레인 전류 밀도, 726mS/mm의 최대전달컨덕턴스를 얻었으며, RF 특성으로 전류이득차단주파수는 195GHz, 최대공진주파수는 305GHz의 양호한 성능을 나타내었다. 제작된 W-band 저잡음 증폭기의 측정결과 94GHz에서 7.42dB의 우수한 S21 이득 특성을 얻었으며, 잡음 지수의 측정결과 94.2GHz에서 2.8dB의 잡음 특성을 얻었다.

In this paper, we developed the W-band MMIC low noise amplifier for the millimeter-wave seeker using the tuner system. The MHEMT devices for MMIC LNA exhibited DC characteristics with a drain current density of 692mA/mm, an extrinsic transconductance of 726mS/mm. The current gain cutoff frequency(fT) and maximum oscillation frequency($f_{max}$) were 195GHz and 305GHz, respectively. The fabricated W-band low noise amplifier represented S21 gain of 7.42dB at 94 GHz and noise figure of 2.8dB at 94.2 GHz.

일반적으로 발진기 설계에서 출력에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 부분이 출력단 정합부분인데 기존의 출력단 정합 방법은 스미스차트의 무한대 임피던스 근방에서 정합회로를 설계해야 하므로 최적의 출력 정합회로를 구현해 주기가 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 초고주파 발진기를 설계하는데 있어서 보다 쉽게 최대 발진출력을 얻기 위한 출력단 정합방법에 관하여 연구하였다. 출력단이 정합되지 않은 발진기에 3-dB Coupler Tuner를 연결하고 발진기가 동작하고 있는 상태에서 Tuner 의 가변 단락회로를 조정하여 최대출력이 나오는 지점을 확인하고, Tuner의 S 파라미터를 측정한 후 이를 마이 크로스트립으로 구현하는 벙법을 이용하여 최대 발진출력이 나오는 발진기를 쉽게 설계 제작할 수 있었다. 본 논문에서 제안한 방법으로 설계 제작한 발진기 출력과 기존 정합방법에 의한 발진기 출력을 비교해 보면, 기존의 정합방법에 의한 발진기 출력은 발진주파수 1.0338 GHz에서 6.45 dBm을 나타내었고, 본 논문에서 제시 한 방법으로 제작된 발진기의 출력은 9.71 dBm으로 기존의 정합방법에 의한 발진기 출력보다 3.26 dBm 높은 출력을 나타내었다.

Generally, the output matching circuit has the most influence to the output power of oscillator and existing method for output matching has difficulty for making the optimum output matching circuit because the matching has to be done nearby the infinite impedance area of the Smith Chart. In this paper, it is studied for the output matching circuit of the microwave oscillator to get the maximum output power. The maximum output point can be found by adjusting the position of moving short in the Tuner while the oscillator is operating after connect the 3-dB coupler Tuner to the oscillator without output matching circuit. To design the oscillator for the maximum output power can be done easily with the microstrip line which is realized from the measured S-parameters of Tuner. In compare the oscillator by the existing method with another one by the suggested method in this paper, the first one has 6.45 dBm output power and second one has 9.71 dBm which is 3.26 dBm higher than the first one at the oscillation frequency 1.0338 GHz.

The DTV (Digital TV) tuner for an 8-VSB (Vestigial Side-Band) modulation was developed to meet the requirements of the ATSC (Advanced Television Systems Committee). The double frequency conversion and the active tracking filter in the front-end were used to cancel interferences between adjacent channels and multi-channels by suppressing the IF beat and the Image frequency. However, It was impossible to get frequency mapping between the tracking filter and the first VCO (Voltage Controlled Oscillator) in the existing DTV tuner structure which differs from the NTSC (National Television Systems Committee) tuner. This paper, therefore, suggests an assailable structure and a new method for the automatic frequency selection by mapping the frequency characteristics over the tracking voltage and the combined HW which is composed of a Micro-controller, an EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), a DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter), an OP amplifier, and a switch driver.

A fully integrated multistandard multiband CMOS mobile TV tuner with small silicon area and low power consumption is proposed for receiving multiple mobile digital TV signals and FM signal. In order to reduce the silicon area of the multistandard multiband receiver, other RF front-end circuits except LNAs are shared and a local oscillator (LO) signal generation architecture with a single VCO for a frequency synthesizer is proposed. To reduce the low frequency noise and the power consumption, a vertical NPN BJT is used in an analog baseband circuits. The RF tuner IC is implemented in a $0.18-{\mu}m$ CMOS technology. The RF tuner IC satisfies all specifications for DVB-H/T, T-DMB, and ISDB-T with a sufficient margin and a successful demonstration has been carried out for DVB-H/T, T-DMB, and ISDB-T with a digital demodulator.

We propose a fine phase tuner and a rounding processor for a numerically controlled oscillator (NCO), yielding a reduced phase error in generating a digital sine waveform. By using the fine phase tuner presented in this paper, when the ratio of the desired sine wave frequency to the clock frequency is expressed as a fraction, an accurate adjustment in representing the fractional value can be achieved with simple hardware. In addition, the proposed rounding processor reduces the effects of phase truncation on the output spectrum. Logic simulation results of the NCO using these techniques show that the noise spectrum and mean square error (MSE) for eight output bits of a 3.125 MHz sine waveform are reduced by 8.68 dB and 5.5 dB, respectively, compared to those of the truncation method, and 2.38 dB and 0.83 dB, respectively, compared to those of Paul's scheme.

Now, it has been being accepted that reverse signaling through CD137 ligand (CD137L) plays an important role in vivo during hematopoiesis and in immune regulation. However, due to technical difficulty in dissecting both directional signaling events simultaneously in vivo, most biological activities caused by CD137-CD137L interactions are considered as results from signaling events of the CD137 receptor. To make the story more complex, $CD137^{-/-}$ and $CD137L^{-/-}$ mice have increased or decreased immune responses in a context-dependent manner. In this Mini review, I will try to provide a plausible explanation for how CD137L signaling is controlled during immune responses.

This paper describes the broadband SDC (Single-ended to Differential Converter) for Digital Video Broadcasting-Satellite $2^{nd}$ edition (DVB-S2) receiver tuner IC. It is fabricated by using $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS process. In order to obtain high linearity and low phase mismatch, the broadband SDC (Single-ended to Differential Converter) is designed with current mirror structure and cross-coupled capacitor and current source binding differential structure at VDD. The simulation result of SDC shows IIP3 of 11.9 dBm and IIP2 of 38 dBm. It consumes 5mA current with 2.7V supply voltage.

본 연구는 모든 인문학적 소통의 중심에 있는 텍스트에 관한 연구이다. 보통 작가전집이나 단행본에는 하나의 텍스트만 수록되어 있다. 하지만 한 작품의 텍스트는 하나인 경우가 거의 없으며, 고정되어 있지도 않다. 텍스트는 지속적인 변화과정에 놓여있으며, 집필 및 생성, 전승과정에서 초고 등 수많은 텍스트 자료, 다양한 판본 등이 생성되어 작품마다 독특한 양태를 가진 “텍스트의 밀림”을 조성해놓고 있다. 그러므로 문학 연구자들에게는 작품 분석을 시도하기 전에 이 텍스트의 밀림을 조사하는 작업이 필수적으로 요구된다. 서지학적 연구, 곧 본문비평은 연구자들에게 텍스트와 관련된 이러한 연구결과를 제공한다. 즉 텍스트의 모든 판본을 비교해 정본텍스트를 확립할 뿐 아니라, 생성과정과 전승과정, 판본간의 상이점 Variante, 주해서와 영향사 연구결과 등을 포함하는 서지비평 Apparatus을 작성해 연구자들에게 제공하는 것을 목표로 삼고 있다. 이처럼 역사적이고 과학적 검증을 거친 정본뿐 아니라 서지비펑까지 수록된 가장 높은 수준의 편집을 서지학적 용어로 역사비평본(편집)이라 부른다. 본 논문은 유럽 등 서지학 선진국가에서 정립된 본문비평, 역사비평본 등에 대한 연구성과에 기반해 “한국의 출판사에서 중요한 단절을 긋는 출판물”이라는 높은 평가를 받은 2011년 문학과 지성사에서 발간된 『이청준 전집』 8권에 수록된 소설 『조율사』에 대한 – 역사비평본 의 관점에서 - 서지학적 비평을 시도한다.

This study is the second research report of a <bibliographical study on the historical-critical editing of the Novel 『The Tuner』 of Lee Chongjun (1939-2008)>. This study is about the text that is at the center of all humanistic communication. Usually, only one text is included in a complete works or monography of authors. But it is not one, it is not fixed. The text is in the process of continuous change, and in this process, numerous texts such as drafts and various editions are created, creating a “text thicket” with unique aspects for each work. Therefore, literary researchers are required to investigate the thicket of this text before attempting to interpretate the work. Textual criticism provide researchers with these philological findings in relation to text. In other words, it aims to provide the researchers with a philological apparatus that compares all editions of the text and establishes the authentic text, as well as the creation and transmission process, the differences(variantes) between the editions etc. In the philological terminology, the highest level of editing, which includes not only historical and scientifically validated texts but also philological apparatus, is called ‘historical critical edition’. This paper attempts philological textual criticism ? from the point of view of editing historical critical edition ? of the novel “Tuning History” published in 2011 by ‘moonji’ publishing company, which is highly regarded as “an important break in a Korean publishing history”.

In this paper, we had designed and fabricated the integrated circuit of AM tuner system for car. The very important characteristics of this system need very good sensitivity, selectivity and very strong automatic gain control function. In this system we had designed, maximum sensitivity is about 21dBu, selectivity above 40dB, AGC range above 80dB, etc. We had fabricated this IC using SST standard linear process.