Earticle

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of the test (Daewoo Hydrocortisone 10 mg, Daewoo Pharm. Co., Busan, Korea) and reference (Jenapharm Hydrocortisone 10 mg, JayTech Biogen, Seoul, Korea) hydrocortisone tablets. Twenty-four healthy male Korean volunteers were divided into two groups with a randomized $2{\times}2$ cross-over design. In order to suppress the endogenous cortisol secretion, a single oral dose of Dexamethasone (4 mg) was administered 10 hr prior to hydrocortisone administration. Blood samples were withdrawn for 10 hr at the predetermined intervals after a single oral dose of hydrocortisone (20 mg). The serum concentration of hydrocortisone was analyzed by HPLC/UV using a column switching method after liquid-liquid extraction process. The pharmacokinetic parameters ($AUC_{0{\sim}10hr}$, $C_{max}$, and $T_{max}$) of the test and reference hydrocortisone tablets were determined while the secretion of endogenous cortisol was being suppressed. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the test tablet were not statistically different from those of the reference tablet at ex value was 0.05. The 90% confidence intervals for the average ratio (test/reference) of $AUC_{0{\sim}10hr}$ and $C_{max}$ were within the Korea Food and Drug Administration acceptance range of 0.80-1.25 ($0.89{\sim}0.99$ and $0.86{\sim}0.99$ for $AUC_{0{\sim}10hr}$ and $C_{max}$, respectively). Therefore it was concluded that the test tablet, Daewoo Hydrocortisone tablet was bioequivalent to the reference tablet, Jenapharm Hydrocortisone tablet.

This study was performed to evaluate the bioequivalency between the Osmetone$^{TM}$ Tablet (Myeongmoon Pharm. Co., Ltd.) as a test formulation and the Relafen$^{TM}$ Tablet (Handok Pharm. Co., Ltd.) as a reference formulation. Twenty-four healthy male volunteers were administered the formulations by the randomized Latin square crossover design, and the plasma samples were determined by a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with Ultra-Violet (UV) detector. AUC$_t$, C$_{max}$ and T$_{max}$ were obtained from the time-plasma concentration curves, and log-transformed AUC$_t$ and C$_{max}$ and log-untransformed T$_{max}$ values for two formulations were compared by statistical tests and analysis of variation. AUC$_t$ was determined to be 897.8${\pm}$431.1 ug.hr/ml for the reference formulation and 902.3${\pm}$408.4 ug.hr/ml for the test formulation. The mean values of C$_{max}$ for the reference and test formulations were 24.2${\pm}$8.9 and 24.0${\pm}$9.5 ug/ml, respectively. The AUC$_t$ and C$_{max}$ ratios of the reference Relafen$^{TM}$ Tablet to the test Osmetone$^{TM}$ Tablet were +5.01% and -0.83%, respectively, showing that the mean differences were satisfied the acceptance criteria within 20%. The results from analysis of variance for logtransformed AUC$_t$ and C$_{max}$ indicated that sequence effects between groups were not exerted and 90% confidence limits of the mean differences for AUC$_t$ and C$_{max}$ were located in ranges from log 0.80 to log 1.25, satisfying the acceptance criteria of the KFDA bioequivalence. The Osmetone$^{TM}$ Tablet as the test formulation was considered to be bioequivalant to the Relafen$^{TM}$ Tablet used as its reference formulation, based on AUC$_t$ and C$_{max}$ values.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the bioequivalency between the $Rozid^{TM}$ Tablet (Ilhwa Pharm. Co., Ltd.) as a test formulation and the $Rulid^{TM}$ Tablet (Handok Pharm. Co., Ltd) as a reference formulation. Twenty-four healthy male volunteers were administered the formulations by the randomized Latin square crossover design, and the plasma samples were determined by a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detector. $AUC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ were obtained from the time-plasma concentration curves, and log-transformed $AUC_t\;and\;C_{max}$ and log-untransformed $T_{max}$ values for two formulations were compared by statistical tests and analysis of variation. $AUC_t$ was determined to be $63.30{\pm}25.57{\mu}g.hr/ml$ for the test formulation and $64.02{\pm}29.27mg.hr/ml$ for the reference formulation. The mean values of $C_{max}$ for the test and reference formulations were $5.07{\pm}2.14\;and\;5.53{\pm}2.60{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The $AUC_t,\;and\;C_{max}$ ratios of the test $Rozid^{TM}$ Tablet to the reference $Rulid^{TM}$ Tablet were -1.12% and -8.32%, respectively, showing that the mean differences were satisfied the acceptance criteria within 20%. The results from analysis of variance for log-transformed $AUC_t,\;and\;C_{max}$ indicated that sequence effects between groups were not exerted and 90% confidence limits of the mean differences for $AUC_t,\;and\;C_{max}$ were located in ranges from log 0.80 and log 1.25, satisfying the acceptance criteria of the KFDA bioequivalence. The RozidTM Tablet as the test formulation was considered to be bioequivalent to the RulidTM Tablet used as its reference formulation, based on $AUC_t,\;and\;C_{max}$ values.

The bioequivalence of two 4 mg triamcinolone tablets (Dong-Kwang Triamcinolone$\textregistered$ vs. Wyeth Korea Ledercoat$\textregistered$) was assessed in healthy male volunteers after oral administration of 16mg triamcinolone in a randomized crossover study. Blood samples were collected at specified time intervals, and plasma was analyzed for triamcinolone using a validated HPLC method. The pharmacokinetic parameters of $T_{max}$, $C_{max}$, $AUC_{0\longrightarrowlast}$, $AUC_{0\longrightarrowinf}$ and $T_{1/2, \beta} were determined from plasma concentration-time profile of two formulations. The pharmacokinetic parameters were statistically compared to evaluate bioequivalence between two formulations, according to Korea Food and Drug Administration Guideline. The analysis of variance did not show any significant difference between the two formulations and 90% confidence limits fell within the acceptable range (80-120%) for bioequivalence. Based on these data it was concluded that the two products showed comparable pharmacokinetic profiles and that the Dong-Kwang triamcinlone$\textregistered$ tablet is bioequivalent to the Wyeth Korea Ledercoat$\textregistered$ tablet.

The bioequivalence of two tablet formulations of 12.72mg domperidone maleate (Sinil "$Perinal^{\circledR}$" tablets vs. Janssen Korea "Motilium-$M^{\circledR}$" tablets) was assessed in healthy Korean volunteers after oral administration in a randomized crossover study. Blood samples were collected at spccified time intervals, and plasma concentration was measured as the amount of domperidone base using a validated HPLC method. The pharmacokinetic parameters of $AUC_{0{\rightarrow}48},\; C_{max},\;T_{max}$ and $t_{1/2}$ were determined from plasma concentration-time profile of two formulations. Any significant statistical differences were not observed between these two formulations. On the evaluation of bioequivalence according to Korea Food and Drug Administration Guideline, 90％ confidence limits after logmithmic transformation fell within the acceptable range (log 0.8∼log 1.25). Based on these data, it can be concluded that two domperidone maleate tablets showed comparable pharmacokinetic profiles, which means that the Sinil "$Perinal^{\circledR}$" tablet is bioequivalent to the Janssen Korea ""Motilium-M$^{\circledR}$".

Simultaneous determination of nine water-soluble vitamins contained in multi-nutrient tablets was carried out by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) equipped with analytical $C_{18}$ column and UV (270 nm) detector. Those standard vitamins were successfully separated within 23 minutes by gradient elution with solvent A (0.5 M potassium phosphate monobasic) and solvent B (0.25 M potassium phosphate monobasic-methanol, 1:1). Calibration curves showed good linealities with correlation coefficients (> 0.92) in tested ranged respectively. The detection limits were considered to be 2.1 ng for ascorbic acids 60 ng for Vit B$_{6}$ 3 ng for p-aminobenzoic acid, 9 ng for niacinamide, 9 ng for thiamin, 5.0 ng for folic acid and 1.5 ng for riboflavin at 0.05 a.u.f.s. Solid phase extraction through Sep-Pak (C$_{18}$ ) cartridge was successfully applied for purification of water soluble vitamins in commercial multi-nutrient tablets.ts.

Biotransformation of pharmacologically inactive lactone prodrug simvastatin (SV) into pharmacologically active simvastatin ${\beta}$-hydroxy acid (SVA) exhibits inter-species differences due to variations in amount and activity of esterase enzymes. In this study, we investigated the pharmacokinetics (PK) of SV and its metabolite SVA following oral doses of SV from controlled-release (CR) tablets and immediate-release (IR) tablets in rodent and canine animal models that features different esterase activity. In rat PK study, no SV was detected in plasma for both formulations due to rapid hydrolysis of SV into SVA by plasma esterase. Besides, no significant differences in PK parameters of SV or SVA were observed between both species. In dog PK study, the relative oral bioavailability of CR tablets in terms of SV was 72.3% compared to IR tablets. Regarding formulation differences in dogs, CR tablets exhibited significantly lower $C_{max}$ (p<0.05), and higher $T_{max}$ (p<0.01) and MRT (p<0.01) for both SV and SVA compared to IR tablets. Accordingly, CR tablets of SV with prolonged drug release profiles in both species might be a potential candidate for a more effective delivery of SV with reduced side effects. Besides, similar PK parameters of SV and SVA in both species despite variation in enzyme activities suggested involvement of equally potent biotransformation pathways in these animal species.

생물학적동등성시험기준에 따라 플레록사신정 (Fleroxacin, 100mg) 을 시험약으로 하고 메가로신정 100mg을 대조약으로 하여 2×2 교차 시험법에 따라 건강한 성인 지원자 24명에게 3정 (fleroxacine, 300mg/정) 씩을 경구투여한후, 각 피험자들의 혈중 약물농도 데이터로부터 구한 혈중농도-시간곡선하면적(AUCtmax.) 과 최고혈중농도 (Cmax)등의 생체이용률 파라미터에 대해 통계학적으로 고찰하여 두 제제간의 생물학적동등성을 평가하였다. 혈중 약물농도는HPLC/UV 검출기로 분석하다. 플레록사신정의 대조약과 시험약에 대한 동등성 여부를 종합적으로 판단하여 보면 생물학적동등성시험의 판단 기준인 2항목 (AUCt, Cmax) 에 대하여 두 가지 비교항목 중 AUCt 값의 경우 대조약은44.26±7.12µg·hr/mL, 시험약은 4.11±1.63µg/mL이며 두 약물의 로그변환한 평균치 차의 90% 신뢰구간은 log0.9570 에서 log 1.0565 이다. Cmax 값의 경우 대조약은 45.16±10.04µg·hr /mL, 시험약은 3.78±1.01µg/mL 이며, 대조약과 시험약의 로그변환한 평균치 차의 90% 신뢰구간이 log 0.8369에서 log 1.0626 로서, AUCt 와Cmax 두 항목 모두 log 0.8 에서 log 1.25 이내이어야 한다는 생물학적동등성시험 기준을 충족시켰다. 이러한 결과들로부터, 시험약 플레록사신정 (Fleroxacin, 100mg)은 대조약인 메가로신정 100mg 에 대하여 생물학적동등성의 판단 기준인 두 항목 AUCt와 Cmax에 있어서 생물학적으로 동등함을 알 수 있었다.

Bioequivalence of two acetyl-1-carnitine tablets, test product (Carnitile tablet: Hanmi Pharm. Co., Ltd.) and reference product (Nicetil $e^{R}$ tablet: Dong-A Pharm. Co., Ltd.), was evaluated according to the guide- lines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Twenty-six healthy volunteers were divided randomly into two groups and administered the drug orally at the dose of 500 mg as acetyl-1-carnitine in a 2$\times$2 crossover study. Blood samples were taken at predetermined time intervals for 12 hours and the plasma concentration of acetyl-1-carnitine was determined using HPLC by derivatization with p-bromophenacyl bromide. The pearmacokinetic parameters (AU $C_{0-}$12h/ $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$) were calculated and ANOVA was utilized for the statistical analysis of parameters. The apparent differences of these parameters between two drugs were less than 20% (i.e., 1.26,-5.08 and 8.59% for AU $C_{0-}$12h/ $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$, respectively). The powers (1-$\beta$) for AU $C_{0-}$12h/ $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$, and Tmax were over 0.9. Minimal detectable difference ($\Delta$) at $\alpha$=0.05, 1-$\beta$=0.8 were less than 20% (i.e.,7.31, 14.88 and 11.77% for AU $C_{0-}$12h/ $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$, respectively). The confidence intervals ($\delta$) for these parameters were also within $\pm$ 20% (i.e.,-3.03$\leq$$\delta$$\leq$5.54, -13.80$\leq$$\delta$$\leq$3.64 and 1.69$\leq$$\delta$$\leq$15.48 for AU $C_{0-}$12h/ $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$, respectively). These results satisfied the criteria of KFDA guideline for bioequivalence, indicating Carnitile bioequivalent to Nicetil $e^{R}$ .$^{R}$ .> R/ . R/ .

Nifedipine is used for relieving angina strokes or lowering high blood pressure. When it comes to urgent high blood pressure, nifedipine soft capsules are bitten or administered sublingually to lower the blood pressure rapidly. However, the production of nifedipine soft capsules has been shut down and in some cases nifedipine controlled-release tablets have been used as an alternative in quartered or powdered forms though they are not supposed to be divided or ground. This study compares the dissolution profile of quartered nifedipine controlled-released tablets with that of nifedipine soft capsules to determine the clinical significance. Each 18 sample medicines were taken from the test and control group. Half of each sample was dissolved in the artificial gastric juice (pH 1.2) and the artificial intestinal juice (pH 6.8) for 30 minutes. Five mililiters of the liquid was taken from each solution at 5, 10, 15 and 30 minutes after starting the dissolution and has been filtrated for analytic procesures. Nifedipine soft capsules shows more than 85% of mean dissolution rate in 15~30 minutes in both artificial gastric juice and artificial intestinal juice. The mean dissolution rate of quartered nifedipine controlled-release tablets do not fit within ±15% of the dissolution profiles of the control drug. It means the test drug and the control drug are not equivalent in dissolution profile. The blood pressure lowering effect of quartered nifedipine controlled-released tablets will not be as big as that of nifedipine soft capsules.

Orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) are drugs which disintegrate and dissolve quickly in the mouth without water within 60 seconds. They dissolve quickly in the presence of saliva alone or in water, and were developed for the treatment of dysphasia, and for elderly and pediatric patients who had difficulty swallowing conventional tablets. Because of their special dosage forms, ODTs allow for easier medication of patients suffering from mental disorders and as such raised the medicinal compliance of mental disorder patients. ODTs are usually more expensive than conventional tablets due to the development costs of new dosage forms. Therefore, it might cause an unnecessary rise of medical expenses to prescribe ODTs to patients who are able to swallow tablets.

In this study, in order to develop an foaming tablet product using yuzu powder, yuzu powder was manufactured using different drying methods such as freeze-drying, 60℃ drying, and 40℃ drying, and then quality characteristics and functionality were analyzed. The naringin content per g of yuzu powder was 8.9 mg for freeze-drying and 8.8 mg for 60℃ drying, and the hesperidin content per g of yuzu powder was highest at 53.6 mg for freeze-drying and 46.2 mg for 60℃ drying. followed by 40℃drying (41.7 mg). The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of 60℃ dried powder was found to be twice as high as that of freeze dried powder. Accordingly, in order to develop an inner beauty product, foaming tablets were manufactured using hot air dried powder, and the quality characteristics and functional ingredients of the final foaming tablets were investigated. The foaming tablet prepared with yuzu powder content of 10 and 15% showed an inhibitory activity of tyrosinase of 73.7 %, which was 1.6 times higher than that of ascorbic acid (1 mM), which was a positive control, confirming its melanin production inhibition effect.

Dissolution criteria for evaluating an equivalence of drugs should take into account a physicochemical property of each drug and/or a specific formulation of each preparation. The effect of acidity, ionic strength and buffer capacity of media on the dissolution profiles were examined using a diltiazem hydrochloride modified release tablet, a calcium ion cellular influx inhibitor. The dissolution rate was the fastest at pH 1.2, and the addition of NaCl did not affect its release pattern. By sharp contrast, NaCl and phosphate ions at pHs 6.8 and 8.2 led to a decrease of drug release. The decreasing rate was more conspicuous by addition of phosphate ions than by that of NaCl. This indicates that the composition of dissolution medium affects the solubility of test drugs, the physicochemical property of polymers used for a modified release, and dissolution profiles of a drug product. In conclusion, dissolution specification should consider acidity, ionic strength and buffer capacity of media.

우리나라는 삼면이 바다인 까닭에 풍광이 좋은 곳이 많다. 때문에 바닷가 곳곳 에 임해누정(臨海樓亭)들이 있는데 서해나 남해보다 경관이 수려한 동해에 많이 몰려 있다. 누정은 휴식과 사색하기에 적합한 구조를 가지며, 다양한 사회문화적 기능을 하 고 있다. 누정은 본래 신선을 맞이하는 신인합일(神人合一)의 신성한 공간이었다. 누정을 만들어 놓고 신선을 만나기를 원했다. 우리나라에서 누정에 관한 기록은 삼국시대에 신선의식과 관련하여 나타나며, 고려를 지나 조선시대에 이르러서 누정문화가 꽃 피웠 다. 누정에 걸린 편액 글씨와 시판(詩板)들을 통하여 참여자의 신분과 성향을 살필 수 있었으며, 누정을 매개로 벌어지는 다양한 교유와 각종 관계를 볼 수 있었다. 강원도의 임해누정 중의 하나인 청간정(淸澗亭)의 편액에서 강함과 질박함을 갖 춘 질박한 서예미학을 볼 수 있었다. 또한 이승만 대통령이 쓴 편액은 청간정의 감흥을 노련한 운필로 표현하였고, 최규하 대통령의 편액은 승경(勝景)의 운치를 시어(詩語) 로 묘사하였다. 경포대 편액에서 이익희의 해서, 유한지의 예서, 미불의 행서 등으로 대자 서예 의 다양성을 볼 수 있었다. 특히 해서의 당당함, 예서의 멋과 여유, 행서의 화려함 그 리고 시문으로 경포대의 운치를 담아내었다. 해운정의 편액에서 송시열은 졸박함으로 아름다움을 삼는 이졸위미(以拙爲美)의 서예미학을 보여 주었다. 활래정의 편액에서 김규진은 활발발한 생기를 재치있게 예서로 표현하였고, 김 돈희는 안정되고 중후한 해서를 썼다. 정병조는 매끄러운 점획과 결구를 한 행서로 썼 으며, 김태석은 둔중하고 우직한 전서로 표현하였다. 이상으로 살펴본 바와 같이 강원지역의 임해 누정은 해서, 행서, 예서, 전서 등 으로 풍광의 아름다움과 정신을 미학적으로 다양하게 표현하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

Korea is surrounded by water on three sides, which makes a number of fine scenery. For this reason, there are oceanfront arbor (臨海樓亭) on beaches and most of them are located in the East Sea where the scenery is more beautiful than the West or South Sea. Arbors have a structure proper for rest and meditation and serve a variety of sociocultural functions. Arbors used to be a sacred place of union with god to greet Sinsun (神 仙, Taoist hermit with miraculous powers). People built arbors and hoped to meet Sinsun. Records about arbors in Korea are found as to Sinsun spirit in the era of the Three States and arbor culture flowered through Goryeo and Joseon dynasty. Writing on arbor tablets and poetry monuments suggest a diversity of companionship and relations as well as participant’s social rank and disposition. The tablet of Cheongganjeong Pavilion (淸澗亭), one of oceanfront arbors in Gangwon-do Province, exhibits both powerful and plain calligraphic aesthetics. The tablet written by President Rhee Syng-man expresses his inspiration about Cheongganjeong Pavilion with experienced brushstroke and that of President Choi Kyu-hah describes picturesque of fine view with poetic words. The tablet of Gyeongpodae Pavilion presents diversity of large character calligraphy with Lee Ikhi’s Kaishu, Yu Hanji’s Lishu and Mibul’s Xingshu. Charms of Gyeongpodae Pavilion are particularly expressed with grandiosity of Kaishu, sapidity and composure of Lishu, splendor of Xingshu and poetry. The tablet of Haeunjeong Pavilion written by Song Si-yeol displays calligraphic aesthetics of creating beauty out of simplicity and humbleness (以拙爲美). The tablet of Hwallaejeong Pavillion written by Kim Gyujin expresses witty and animated liveliness with Lishu while Kim Donhui adopted stable and imposing Kaishu. Jeong Byeongjo worked on Xingshu with smooth dots and strokes and closing phrase and Kim Taeseok utilized ponderous and brutally frank Zhuanshu. As aforementioned, it is found that oceanfront arbors in Gangwon-do Province aesthetically express beauty of scenery and spirit with diverse forms of Kaishu, Xingshu, Lishu, Zhuanshu, etc.

본 논문은 두 개의 주제로 구성되어 있다. 하나는 향교의 위패를 배치하는 것이고, 다른 하나는 의례에 관한 것이다. 서로 연결성이 없는 것은 아니다. 겉으로는 다르지만 내용상으로는 전통과 현대를 연결하는 주제로 볼 수 있다. 향교에 위패를 설치하는 문제는 시대에 따라 계속 변해왔다. 의례 역시 지 속적으로 변해왔다. 그것이 바로 시의적절한 것이기 때문이다. 따라서 향후의 활동 역시 전통고수와 현대적 활용이라는 측면에서 함께 고찰해야 한다. 변화 만 고집한다면 뿌리 없는 나무가 될 것이다. 전통만 고집한다면 변화를 수용 하지 못할 것이다. 오늘날 향교의 위패 설치는 크게 몇 가지로 구분된다. 성균관과 같은 39개, 공자의 10대 제자를 제외한 29개, 송나라 여섯 현인을 얼마나 배치하는가의 문제에 따라 27, 25개로 다양하다. 이러한 구분은 도시 규모에 따라 향교의 크 기가 다르기 때문에 생겨난 것이다. 그래서 대, 중, 소로 구분하는 것이다. 오 늘날에도 향교에 배치된 위패의 숫자에 대해 많은 논의가 이루어지고 있다. 어떤 사람들은 중국의 성현을 배제하자는 논의도 하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 문제는 가볍게 대처해서는 안 된다. 위패를 모시는 일은 유림의 의견을 모아 결정해야 하기 때문이다. 또한 유교에서 가장 중요하게 여기는 예법에 대한 문제도 과거만 답습해서 는 안 된다. 예는 생명체와 같아서 잠시도 멈추어 있지 않는다. 지속적으로 움직이며 시대에 따라 변해왔다. 전통은 지속적으로 재반성되고 재해석되는 형태로 현재에 살아 있어야 한다. 이것은 한 사회의 정체성을 유지할 수 있는 중요한 방법이 될 것이다. 현재를 떠난 예법은 죽은 생명체와 같다. 오늘날 유교에서 가장 중시하는 것은 예법을 지키는 일이다. 비록 대중과 밀접한 예법은 아니지만 전통을 굳게 지키려는 의무감에서 나온 것이다. 지 금 우리는 21세기에 살고 있다. 21세기에 살면서 과거의 예법을 지킬 수는 없다. 그리고 지키는 사람도 거의 없다. 유교의 예법을 지키고 계승하기 위 해서는 반드시 현대인의 삶을 간과해서는 안 된다. 의견을 조율하지 못할 수도 있다. 하지만 서로 논의하고 토론하며 대중과 함께 하기 위한 노력이 있어야 한다.

This paper consists of two themes. One is to place the ancestral tablets of the local Confucian school, and the other is about rituals. It is not without connectivity. Although it is different on the surface, it can be seen as a topic that connects tradition and modernity in terms of content. The problem of installing memorial tablets at Hyanggyo has changed with the times. Ceremonies have also changed constantly. Because that is just the right time. Therefore, future activities should also be considered together in terms of traditional masters and modern use. If you insist on change, you will become a rootless tree. If you stick to tradition, you won't be able to accept change. Today, the installation of ancestral tablets of local Confucian schools is largely divided into several categories. It varies from 39 such as Sungkyunkwan to 29 except Confucius's 10th disciple, to 27 and 25 depending on how many wise men are deployed in the Song Dynasty. This distinction was made because the size of the local Confucian school varies depending on the size of the city. That's why it's divided into large, medium and small. Even today, there is much discussion about the number of memorial tablets deployed in Hyanggyo. Some people are also discussing excluding China's seonghyeon. But these problems should not be taken lightly. The memorial tablet should be decided after gathering Yurim's opinions. Also, the issue of etiquette, which is considered the most important in Confucianism, should not follow only the past. Examples are like living things, and they don't stop for a momentarily. It has moved continuously and changed with the times. Traditions should remain alive in the present in the form of continuous re-reflection and re-interpretation. This will be an important way to maintain a society's identity. The etiquette of leaving the present is like a dead creature. The most important thing in Confucianism today is to observe etiquette. Although it is not a closely guarded etiquette with the public, it comes from a sense of duty to keep the tradition firmly. Now we live in the 21st century. You cannot live in the 21st century and observe the etiquette of the past. And few protectors. To uphold and inherit the etiquette of Confucianism, one must not overlook the life of modern people. You may not be able to coordinate your opinions. However, efforts should be made to discuss and discuss with each other and to be with the public.

The bioequivalence of two aceclofenac tablets was evaluated in 14 normal volunteers (age yrs) following oral administration. The test product was 'Apental tablet' made by Asia Pharmaceutical Co. and the reference was 'Airtal tablet' made by Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co. After one tablet containing 100 mg aceclofenac was administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentration of the drug in plasma was quantitated with an HPLC method. AUC, were calculated and statistically analyzed for the bioequivalence of the two products. The results showed that the differences in AUC, between two products were , respectively. The powers for AUC,$\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}\;were\;>90\%,\;>90\%\;and\;85.8\%$, respectively. Confidence intervals were within for three parameters. All of these parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that 'Apental tablet' is bioequivalent to 'Airtal tablet'