Earticle

일본어의 가능표현은 아스펙트적으로 상태동사에 속해 「ている」와의 접속이 불가능하다고 여겨져 왔다. 그러나 지각동사의 가능표현의 경우, 가능표현이기 때문에 상태동사에 속하나 「ている」와 접속이 가능한 경우가 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 지각동사 가능표현이 타 가능표현에 비해 「ている」와 공기하기 쉽다는 점에 주목하고자 한다. 이에 있어 지각동사 가능표현을 상태동사나 동작동사로 정의내리고자 하는 것이 아니라 ‘상태성’이라는 하나의 척도를 가지고 살펴보고자 한다. 지각동사 가능표현의 ‘상태성’을 측정하고, ‘상태성’에 영향을 미치는 요인에는 무엇이 존재하는지 밝히는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 우선 지각동사 가능표현의 사용 양상을 살펴본 결과, 사용 양상에 따른 ‘상태성’의 차이를 볼 수 있었으며, 이는 지각동사 가능표현의 ‘상태성’과 관련이 있다고 사료된다. 또한 지각동사와 가능표현의 각 요소들 별로 ‘상태성’을 살펴본 결과, 지각동사의 각 요소와 가능표현의 각 요소가 복잡하게 맞물려서 지각동사 가능표현의 ‘상태성’에 영향을 미치고 있었다. 이를 토대로 살펴본 결과, 각 요인들이 미친 영향에 따라 지각동사 가능표현이 가지는 특정 성격이 생겨났는데, 자발성, 의지성, 순간성 등이 ‘상태성’에 영향을 주고 있었다. 자발성, 의지성, 순간성과 ‘상태성’은 반비례 관계로, 어느 한 쪽의 성질이 높아지면 반대쪽 성질이 낮아지는 특징을 보였다.

In the Japanese language, potential expressions are classified according to “static verbs” that cannot be connected with “-teiru.” However, in the case of potential expressions with a perceptual verb, despite it being a static verb, there are cases that are connected with “-teiru.” In this study, it is important to note that potential expressions with a perceptual verb are easier to connect with the word “-teiru” than other potential expressions. Therefore, this study does not clearly divide potential expressions with a perceptual verb into static or activity verbs, but examines the degree of status using a scale of “Stativity.” The purpose is to measure the “Stativity” of potential expressions with a perceptual verb and to discover the elements of both perceptual verbs and potential expressions that affect the “Stativity.” As a result of the analysis, the usage patterns were found to vary depending on the type of perceptual verb, which also affected the “Stativity.” In addition, both the elements of the perceptual verb and those of the potential expression had an effect on the “Stativity,” which also showed that there are several characteristics that affect the “Stativity.” Through this process, it was confirmed that various factors and characteristics of potential expressions of perceptual verbs are interlinked.

For the purpose of looking into passive sentence and intransitive sentence which have things in common in terms of describing changes and being alternated with transitive sentence, this thesis has classified the two sentences into four categories: ① expressions describing stativity with concrete noun as subject, ② expressions describing activity with concrete noun as subject, ③ expressions describing stativity with abstract noun as subject, and ④ expressions describing activity with abstract noun as subject. And, then, this thesis has examined the aspects of the distribution of these categories in modern times. In doing so, it has been noticed that passive sentence is used mostly in expressions describing stativity with concrete noun as subject, and intransitive sentence in expressions describing activity with concrete noun as subject. In previous studies, whether or not there was implicitness of agent was mainly mentioned as difference between the two sentences. However, as a result of the examination conducted this time through this thesis, it has been confirmed that the two sentences are different in event structure and sentence type as well. It can be said that passive sentence is relatively frequently used in expressions describing stativity with concrete noun as subject because these expressions have been used since the days before modern times and have served as prototype for inanimate-subject passive.

本稿では動作対象の変化を表わし、他動詞に対応するという点において共通している日本語の二つの表現、有対他動詞の受身文および有対自動詞文について考察することを目的として、二つの構文を①具体名詞を主語とする状態性の表現、②具体名詞を主語とする動作性の表現、③抽象名詞を主語とする状態性の表現、④抽象名詞を主語とする動作性の表現という四つの類型に分類し、類型による分布様相を観察した。有対他動詞の受身文は具体名詞を主語とする状態性の表現に、有対自動詞文は具体名詞を主語とする動作性の表現に最も多く用いられていることが確認できた。 従来の研究において両文の違いとしては主に動作主の含意という要因が言及されてきたが、本稿の観察の結果、両文は事象構造および構文類型においても異なった様相を見せていた。 対応する自動詞が存在しない無対他動詞の場合は、対象の変化を表わすために受身文を用いざるを得ないのであるが、対応する自動詞が存在する有対他動詞の場合は、基本的には受身文を用いる必然性は存在しない。従って有対自動詞文が優先して用いられるが、具体名詞を主語とする状態性の表現は近代以前から用いられ、非情の受身の典型として類型化したため、この類型においては他の類型に比べて有対他動詞の受身文も比較的に活発に用いられていると考えることができる。

The purpose of this study is to examine the stativity of multi-sense adjectives based on the adjectives in sejong electronic dictionary. This study analyzes the differences of stativity between core meaning and transferred meaning of the multi-sense adjectives by the standards which show the aspectual characteristics among the classification criterion of verbs and adjectives. In the analysis result, the stativity of transferred meaning of the multi-sense adjectives is different from the stativity of core meaning of the multi-sense adjectives, so the multi-sense adjectives dominantly show the differences of stativity in the transferred meaning. Therefore we can’t raise objection to the word class, adjectives due to the aspectual difference, so called, the differences of stativity.

Based on conceptualizaion we tired to examine the status of Chinese adjectives, and to suggest that the status represented by Chinese adjectives has a certain range and possibility of change. Conceptualization is the result of how a word is perceived, and the recognition results for the same phenomenon vary depending on the conceptualization method. We believes that through conceptualization of the state of the Chinese adjective, the Chinese adjective can be distinguished between a variable state with an internal process of change and a scene state recognized as a one. We assumed that the approach through conceptualization is meaningful in that it provides clues to explain the syntactic diversity of Chinese adjectives and wanted to find the unique characteristics of Chinese adjectives in its.