Earticle

Objective To correlate the resting metabolism of hand knob and hand function after stroke, diffuse tensor tractography (DTT) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose position emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) were used to evaluate constructible state of white matter tract and metabolic state of gray matter, respectively. Methods A total of 17 patients were included in the study, who had suffered a stroke with hand weakness, after a stroke. They underwent diffusion tensor analysis and FDG PET in the subacute period. The ratio of both hemisphere parameters in voxel number of fibers, fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient obtained by corticospinal tract as constructed by DTT, and the metabolism of hand knob area on cerebral cortex obtained from 18F-FDG PET were calculated. Hand movement scale was evaluated on the day of FDG PET or tractography, and at 6 months after onset. Results Difference of FA in DTT between both hemispheres and hand knob metabolism in FDG PET significantly correlated with the hand movement scale at the subacute stage and 6 months after onset. However, the difference of both hemispheres in DTT and metabolism of hand knob area was not significant.Conclusion Resting metabolism on hand knob in FDG PET correlated with hand function after stroke.

The isokinetic interactive line protocol (ILP) appears to enhance neuro-muscular function and may reduce posttraumatic stress and anxiety. However, the reliability of the protocol has not been investigated, nor has it been analyzed in relation to psychological states. A total of 165 participants took part in this study, with ages ranging from 21 to 24 years. The gender distribution was 68.4% male and 31.6% female. There was no significant difference in injury duration between males and females (z=-0.922, P=0.357). The intrarater reliability of the ILP, as indicated by the intraclass correlation coefficient, was high for both concentric and eccentric contractions of the quadriceps (ranging from 0.891 to 0.980). Likewise, the interrater reliability for these contractions was also high (range, 0.873–0.943). Additionally, during the ILP, there was a significant reduction in posttraumatic stress (t=9.795, P<0.001) and anxiety (t=5.965, P<0.001) related to knee reinjury after 2 weeks. Ultimately, the isokinetic game ILP demonstrates high intra- and interrater reliabilities and can be concluded to effectively reduce posttraumatic stress and anxiety when incorporated into retesting.

본 연구의 목적은「무지개 물고기」그림책을 교류분석(Transctional Analysis) 관점에서 분석함으로써 동화를 활용한 유아 갈등 해결 프로그램의 기초 자료를 제공하는데 있다. 이를 위하여 ‘또래갈등’이 드러난 그림책인「무지개 물고기」를 교류분석의 주요 개념인 자아상태의 구조 및 개념, 교류패턴의 두 가지 측면에서 분석하였다. 분석 결과「무지개 물고기」 그림책에는 또래갈등의 발생부터 해결 과정, 종결에 이르는 전 과정이 드러나 있었으며, 그 과정에서 무지개물고기가 부모자아, 어른자아, 어린이자아를 다양하게 사용하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 갈등 해결에 결정적인 역할을 한 자아상태는 어른자아상태였다. 교차교류를 하였을 때 갈등이 발생하였으며, 상보교류를 통해 갈등 해결과정에 이르는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 갈등해결을 위한 조력자 역할을 하는 등장인물은 A자아, NP자아를 활용하였고, 상보교류를 통해 자신의 마음을 진실하게 표현하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 동화책을 활용하여 유아들과 상호작용함으로써 교류분석에 기반하여 유아 갈등해결 프로그램을 개발하는 것의 시사점을 얻을 수 있었다.

This study analyzed picture book “Rainbow Fish” from transactional analysis standpoint to provide primary data to conflict resolution program. More in specific, it focused on two main aspects of Transactional Analysis: the structure and the concept of ego-state and the Transaction Pattern, to analyze the “Rainbow Fish” infant picture book. From the analysis, the entire process of ‘Peer conflict’ from its inception to resolution was found in the book and during which we could observe the use of the comprehensive ego-states: the parent ego-state, adult ego-state, and the child ego-state. Effectively, it is considered that the adult ego- state played a vital role in resolving the conflict. Conflict was observed with crossed transaction and it could come to a settlement of conflict through complementary transaction. In this book, both A ego(Adult ego-state) and NP ego(Nurturing Parent ego-state) were described as a helper to resolve the conflict, and we could see the comprehensive ego-state helps one to express its feeling truthfully. Based on the analysis, by utilizing fairy tales to interact with children, we could anticipate the prospect of developing conflict resolution program in the basis of Transactional Analysis theory.

본 연구는 절차 공정성과 상호작용 공정성이 채용결과에 따라 개인의 자아존중감에 미치는 효과를 살펴보는 것이었다. 이를 위해 신입사원 선발 상황에서 모의 취업 시험 과제를 사용하여 절차 공정성 및 상호작용 공정성 정도를 실험적으로 조작하였다. 이 실험에서 2(절차 공정성: 공정/불공정) x 2(상호작용 공정성: 공정/불공정) x 2(채용결과: 선발/탈락) 요인의 실험참가자간 요인설계가 사용되었으며, 종속변인으로 수행에 대한 상태 의존적 자아존중감이 측정되었다. 연구 결과, 선발된 집단의 경우 절차 공정성이 높은 조건의 실험참가자들이 절차 공정성이 낮은 조건의 실험참가자들에 비해 수행 자아존중감이 높게 나타났으며, 탈락된 집단의 경우 절차 공정성이 낮은 조건의 실험참가자들이 공정한 절차 조건의 실험참가자들에 비해 수행 자아존중감이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 상호작용 공정성도 자아존중감에 대해 절차 공정성의 효과와 동일한 결과가 나타났다. 끝으로, 본 연구의 한계점과 조직 차원에서 자아존중감을 고양하기 위한 시사점이 논의되었다.

This research examined the effect of procedural justice and interactional justice on individual self-esteem as a function of selection outcome. The justice factors and selection outcome were manipulated by means of employee selection tests in an experimental context. The experiment was conducted using 2 (procedural justice: just/unjust) x 2 (interactional justice: just/unjust) x 2 (selection outcome: pass/fail) between-participants design, and state-dependent self-esteem was measured as a dependent variable. The results suggest that the self-esteem for those who passed the selection tests was higher in the high justice condition than in the low justice condition, whereas the self-esteem for those who failed the selection tests was higher in the low justice condition than in the high justice condition. Finally, the limitations of this research and implications for enhancing self-esteem in an organization were discussed.

본 논문은 지역사회 재가 노인(65세 이상)의 인지수준에 영향하는 신체적 요인을 파악하기 위하여 수행되었다. 분석에 사용된 자료는 2010~2012년도 서울시 보건소 방문건강관리사업의 대상자 중 352명의 노인을 대상으로 하였다. 노인의 인지수준은 한국어판 하세가와 치매척도(HDS-K)를 사용하였으며, t-test, ANOVA, 다변량 회귀분석을 사용하여 노인의 인지수준에 영향하는 요인을 파악하였다. 연구대상자 중 13.6%에서 경도인지장애가 나타났다. 지역사회 재가 노인은 연령, 체중변화량, 체질량 지수 변화량, 걷기운동, 유연성 운동에 따라 인지수준의 차이가 나타났다. 특히 정상 체질량 지수를 보이는 노인들은 최근 2년간 체질량 지수가 3이상 감소된 그룹에서 인지수준이 가장 낮았다. 정상 체질량 지수를 보이는 노인의 인지수준에 영향하는 요인에는 연령, 최근 2년간 체중변화, 최근 2년간 체질량 지수 변화, 걷기 운동 등이 있었으며, 이들 변수들은 노인의 인지수준을 12.2% 설명하고 있었다. 그러므로, 최근 갑작스런 체질량 지수 변화가 있는 노인들의 인지 장애 예방을 위하여 이들에 대한 영양관리 및 걷기 운동 프로그램의 적용이 필요하다.

A descriptive research is studied to identify the physical factors affecting to cognitive function among elderly residents over 65 years old in a community. The data were collected from 352 participants as part of a health-related survey by home visits in Seoul in 2010-2012. Their cognitive function was measured using the Korean form of Hasegawa Dementia Scale(HDS-K) and the collected data were analyzed by using t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. From the analysis, the prevalence rate of cognitive impairment was 13.6%. Elderly residents in a community showed different cognition levels by the status of age, change of weight, change of BMI, walking and flexibility exercise. Especially, the lowest cognition level was found in the normal BMI group with decreased BMI change by over 3. The factors influencing on cognition level of the elderly with normal BMI were age, change of weight, change of BMI, and walking exercise. The variance indicated 12.2% as their cognition level. Therefore, for preventing the cognitive impairment of the elderly that were rapidly decreased of BMI, we need the program to manage their nutrition and walking exercise.

법치국가에 있어 국민의 자유와 권리의 보장을 위해서 법은 당연히 명문규정으로 보호받아야 한다. 하지만 명문규정의 미비로 보호받지 못하는 국민의 자유와 권리를 법체계 안으로 넣어서 법규정의 정립과 해석을 통하여 그 보장을 실현하여야 한다. 이는 법치국가의 원리는 현재뿐아니라 미래의 국민의 자유와 권리를 보장해 주는 기능도 가지고 있게 한다. 법치국가의 기능은 법률에 의한 통치기능과 국민의 자유와 권리를 보장하기 위한 법률에 의한 기본권보장기능이 있는데, 여기서 통치기능이 강화되면 국민의 기본권을 침해받을 수 밖에 없고, 이렇게 되면 국민은 법을 불신하게 될 것이다. 그렇기에 국민의 기본권 보장을 강화하여 법치국가의 기능이 조화를 이루었을 때 법치국가의 가 이상적으로 실현될 것이다. 본 논문에서는 법치국가의 과거, 현재 및 미래의 관점에서 먼저 법치국가의 역사적 전개에 대하여 고찰하여 그 성립의 기초에 대하여 살펴본 후 현재의 관한 법치국가의 규범적 내용인 권력분립주의와 기본권보장과 과잉금지의 원칙, 국가기관의 법규속성, 법률에 의한 행정, 법률의 명확성의 원칙, 신뢰보호의 원칙, 사법적 구제에 관하여 정리하고 미래의 요청으로서 법치국가의 기능변화에 따른 미래에 국민의 자유와 보장을 더 강조하기 위한 새로운 권리의 대두에 대하여 살펴보았다.

The law ought to be protected with clearly stated regulations so that peoples’ freedom and rights can be secured. However, people’s freedom and rights unprotected due to poorly stated regulations have to be guaranteed by being put into the law system through the establishment and interpretation of laws and regulations. And it put more emphasis on guaranteeing people’s freedom and rights for the future to the law-governed state’s modern requests and strengthened functions of a law-governed state. In a law-governed state’s functions are government by law to govern people and guarantee of their basic rights by law to protect their freedom and rights, to which if its governing function is strengthened, people’s basic rights can’t help being intruded upon, in which case people will not trust the law. For this reason, the basics of a law-governed state will be correctly erected only when the functions of a law-governed state are in harmony by strengthening the guarantee of people’s basic rights. Principles of a law-governed state guarantees not only peoples’ current freedom and rights but also their future ones. This thesis finds out the historical unfolding of a law-governed state and then arranges its normative contents of balance of power, guarantee of basic rights, excessiveness-banning principle, law attributes of national institutes, administration by law, principle of legal clearance, principle of trust protection and judicial relief.

본 글은 사회적 경제가 수행하는 복지기능에 초점을 두어 그것이 복지국가의 대안이 되는지의 여부를 검토하는 탐색적인 연구이다. 사회적 경제의 복지기능실현은 복지국가이론을 준거 틀로 하고 양 이론을 비교하여 공통점과 차이점을 찾고 그에 근거한 대안 여부를 검토하였다. 비교를 위한 공통변수로는 등장배경, 범위, 추구하는 가치, 복지실현방법, 복지서비스전달체계로 선정했다. 분석결과 결론적으로 얻을 수 있는 것은 사회적 경제가 복지국가와 같은 일부의 복지기능을 수행 하지만 그것의 대안이라기보다 자본주의 실패를 보완하는 또 다른 기제라는 점이다. 사회적 경제 가 자본주의나 복지국가의 실패를 극복하는 대안이 되려면 틈새적인 역할이 아닌 주류적인 복지 기능의 실현을 위한 활동이 가능해야 한다. 그것은 또한 자본주의 시장원리 속에서 복지실현을 위한 실질적인 영역 설정과 효율적인 실현방법, 그리고 적실한 제도선택 등에 대한 체계적인 탐 색이 보다 심도 이루어져야 할 것이다.

This study searches the welfare function of social economy and examines whether it can be the alternative of welfare state or not. To do this, the welfare state was set as reference frame for comparing both theories in terms of welfare functions and tried to find out the similarities and differences of them and also examined the identities of the social economy substituting for the welfare state. The common variables for comparison were selected as background, scope, value to pursue, welfare realization method, and welfare service delivery system. The result of analysis is as follow: the social economy performs some welfare functions such as welfare state, but it is another mechanism to complement capitalist failure rather than its alternative. In order for the social economy to be an alternative to overcome the failures of capitalism and the welfare state, it should be possible to carry out activities for the realization of mainstream welfare functions rather than a niche role. it is also necessary to systematically search for the actual scope of the welfare realization, the way of efficient realization, and relevant institution choice in the capitalist market principle.

본 연구는 범죄의 사회적 의미가 영화 ‘범죄와의 전쟁: 나쁜 놈들 전성시대(2011)’에서 어떻게 묘사되고 있는 지 근대국가체제 국가가 갖는 국민보호 기능을 중심으로 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 영화에서 국가는 공 권력으로서 하나의 조직 혹은 경찰 개인이 아닌 검사, 안기부 직원 등 다양한 모습으로 등장한다. 체계로서 국 가가 국민보호 기능을 어떻게 수행하고 있는가를 보여주기 위한 좋은 자료를 영화가 제공하고 있는 것이다. 본 연구는 체계로서 국가가 국민보호 기능을 어떻게 수행하고 있는지를 내러티브 분석을 사용하였다. 즉, 등 장인물의 생애사ㆍ사회화 과정으로서 서술, 서술한 생애사ㆍ사회화 과정을 이론적 틀에 근거하여 해석한 분 석적 추출, 해석한 등장인물 간 생애사ㆍ사회화를 비교 분석하며 일반화시켰다. 먼저 등장인물 간 생애사에서 보이는 상호의존성은 검사들 간 승진과 출세를 위한 ‘수단적 의존관계’, 최익현과 검사, 국회의원, 안기부 직원 간 ‘돈과 권력의 의존관계’, 최형배와 최익현, 김판호 간 ‘착취적 의존관계’, 최익현과 조범석 검사 간 ‘협조적 의존관계’를 보인다. 두 번째로 자신이 현재 누리는 혜택이 정당한가에 대하여 성찰하는 의식인 실존적 책임 의식은 연대, 정의 개념에 대한 인식에 따라 달라지는데, 영화 속 등장인물들에게서는 ‘믿을 것은 결국 피붙이 밖에 없다’는 사회적 통념을 확인하는 차원에 그쳐 실존적 책임의식은 발견되지 않는다. 세 번째는 비연대적 행위이다. 영화 속 비연대적 행위로서 범죄는 국가 차원에서 수사원칙 실천보다 검사 간, 선후배 간 이해관계 를 유지하는 수단으로 나타난다. 또한 가족ㆍ혈연관계는 어떤 범죄도 눈감아줄 수 있는 근거가 된다. 결국 영화에서 보여주는 국가의 모습은 두 가지로 요약된다. 첫째, 무기력하고 부패한 모습이다. 둘째, 국가보 다 더 중요한 것은 집안ㆍ문중의 이해관계이다. 이러한 모습의 국가는 심지어 국가와 결탁하지 않은 가해자를 처벌함으로써 피해자 보호가 아닌 가해자 보호 기능을 수행하는 반근대적 체제를 드러내고 있다. 결국 국민보 호 기능을 제대로 수행하지 못하는 국가의 모습이 존재하는 한 거시적 연대 실천은 불가능하다. 또한 국민 부 담을 전제로 한 복지제도의 확대와 발전도 불가능하다. 이런 국가의 모습은 더 이상 1980년대가 아니라 현재 에도 진행될 수 있음을 영화는 암시하고 있다. 본 연구는 한 편의 영화에 등장한 인물 내러티브를 통해 국민보호 기능을 수행하지 못하는 국가 모습을 분석 하였다. 이에 다양한 영화를 통한 국가 모습을 도출하지 못했다는 점에서 한계를 가진다. 그러나 영화 ‘범죄와 의 전쟁’이 470만 명 이상의 관객을 동원한 영향력을 감안한다면 국가에 대한 대중의 인식을 일반화할 수 있는 소재로서 충분히 분석할만한 가치가 있다고 판단한다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze how social meanings of crime are explained focused on the function of civilian protection of modern states system in the movie ‘War against crime: the golden days for bad guys(2011). The state in the movie appears as a public prosecutor, National Security Agency employee, and etc. instead of a organization or police officer of governmental authority. And it shows a good resource how the state of the systems conducts the functions of the civilian protection. This research use narrative analyses to discuss how the state of the systems conducts the functions of the civilian protection. That is, it has three steps as in the following; the description as a course of life historiesㆍsocialization of characters, analytic extraction that interprets the described courses of life historiesㆍsocialization based on the theoretical frames, and comparison, analyzation, and generalization of the interpreted the course of life historiesㆍsocialization of characters. Above all, the interdependence of life histories among characters is ‘instrumental dependency’to be a promotion and success between prosecutors, ‘depencency for money and power’among Choi, ikhyun, prosecutor, a member of the National Assembly, and a National Security Agency employee, ‘cooperative dependency’between Choi, ikhyun and Cho, bumsuk. Secondly, existential sense of responsibility that people introspect whether the enjoying privileges and benefits are reasonable and fair depends on the recognition about the concept of solidarity and justice. However the characters don’t seem to have the existential sense of responsibility, but do the social conventions that the family is the only one that they should believe. Thirdly, it is the solidarity behaviors. The behaviors are regarded as the crime according to the dimension of state because characters prefer the interest between senior-junior relationships among prosecutors rather than the fulfillment of investigation principles. Also, the relationships of family and kinship makes any kinks of crime be innocent. To sum up, the nation is explained to the two phrases. First, it is powerless and corrupt nation. Second, the nation is less important than the interest of family and relatives. What’s worse, the nation reveals the non-modern systems that protect assailants rather than victims through punishment of the assailant who does not conspire with the nation. As long as the nation is not able to conduct the functions of civilian protections, it is impossible to achieve macroscopic solidarity, as well as to expand and develop the welfare systems that is premised national burden. The movie implies that this image of nation can be the present figure even though the background was the 1980s in the movie. This study analyze the phrases of nation that does not function of civilian protection through the narratives of characters in the movie of ‘War against crime: the golden days for bad guys(2011)’. Accordingly, it has limitations in terms of that the images of nation as the systems have not made through a various movies related to crimes. However, this movie can be well worth analyzing as the subject materials that are able to generalize the public awareness toward the nation if it considers the influence that the movie, ‘War against crime: the golden days for bad guys(2011)’ mobilize more than 470,000 people.

This study assumed that the Korean War affected the national functions and institutions based on the contribution and limitations of the previous studies. I will examine four functions of consensus, production, integration and enforcement of central government organization and function after the Korean War according to Tilly and capitalism theory. Specifically, this study analyzed changes in four key functions of the government - consensus, production, integration, and enforcement - through changes in budgets, regulations, and decrees of government departments after the Korean War. As a result of analysis, after the Korean War, the government showed that the consensus function and the integration function were relatively strengthened compared to other functions. However, in terms of budget, the function of consensus and integration were strengthened, while the function of production was further strengthened in the aspect of regulation and decree, and it was confirmed that integration function was strengthened again in the late 1950s. This means that since the production function was needed among the national functions after the war, the related regulations and ordinances have increased sharply in order to carry out related tasks. On the other hand, in the context of the confrontation between the two Koreas, it meant that the system was stabilized by expanding the budget for the defense function, while at the same time expanding the budget for education and the like.

The system of fair markets does not operate in developing states. Government intervention as a complement to markets can be regarded as the role of human capital. The appropriate balance of state versus market is significant to developing countries. Developing states may not be expected to have the social conditions of a successful free market such as industrialized countries. It can be argued that state intervention may fundamentally be necessary in developing fair markets. It was a regulated state in South Korea that had actively promoted the process of industrialization through subsidies, tax incentives, and tariff protection. State agencies can essentially complement the market under the reasonable role and function of government. Asian countries such as South Korea have exerted greater government control over markets. It is the coexistence of the traditional and modern governance that disputes the seemingly paradoxical traits between traditional administration and new public management (NPM). A worthy notion is that the process of Korean economic development is not based on the theory of traditional dichotomy between state and market for providing the best balance of state and market. There have been policies of the different systems regarding the role and function of government in the economy, including neoliberalism, neocorporatism, neostatism, and neocommunitarianism which can be explained by the theory of historical and sociological institutionalism.

For practical application of the concept of chaos, we propose a chaotic state machine as a sequential system. Chaotic state machine which is suggested and implemented in this paper has chaotic motions relying on the dynamics only through the deterministic chaos function. Also, we present and verify that the properties of chaotic state machine is equal to the characteristics of chaos.

The dynamic properties near (and at) a stable steady state are discussed, when a chemical system relaxes from the unstable steady state. The time-dependent correlation length for the fluctuating variable near a stable steady state is explicitly obtained by introducing the probability average for the variable satisfying the rate equation. The study is carried out about the effect of nonlinearity on the correlation length near (and at) a stable steady state.

액체의 천이상태 이론을 이원자분자에 적용시키는데 있어서 위치 에너지를 도입시켜 회전상태합을 다시 고려했다. 이 상태합을 액체 할로겐에 적용시켜, 몰부피, 증기압, 증발엔트로피 같은 열역학적 성질을 계산한 결과 측정치와 잘 맞았다.

본 연구는 작은정부 이념에 기초하여 이명박 행정부의 작은정부 개혁이 얼마나 성공적이었는지 경험적으로 분석하였다. 먼저, 이명박 행정부는 대부처주의에 따른 전략적 정부규모 감축을 달성하지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 정부의 조직과 인력 규모 수준이 정권 초기 부분적으로 감축의 성과가 있었으나, 정권 말기로 갈수록 다시 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 다음으로, 국가기능의 분석은 이명박 행정부 기간 동안 이전 정부에 비해 법령･조직･인력의 행정자원의 측면에서 합의기능과 생산기능의 확대를 가져왔다. 이는 본 연구의 가설과 관련하여, 합의기능의 가설 채택, 생산기능의 가설 기각을 의미한다. 통합기능의 경우, 조직과 인력의 측면에서 감소하여 부분적으로 연구 가설을 채택하였다. 집행기능의 경우 관리기구는 인력과 예산 측면에서 증가하여 가설을 채택하였으나, 규제기구는 조직 측면에서만 감소하여 전반적으로 가설과 다른 결과를 확인하였다. 또한, 행정수단의 측면에서, 이명박 행정부는 사업예산이 상대적으로 증가하였으며, 이는 지방자치단체 및 다른 공공부문에 대한 자금이전 지출이 많아진 것을 알 수 있다. 이러한 분석결과는 경제성장 중심의 발전국가의 제도적 유산으로 작은정부론을 추구한 이명박 행정부 개혁의 구조적 한계를 시사해준다.

This study aims to analyze small government reforms under the Lee MB administration in terms of state function and government size. The analytical results of it are summarized as follow. First, from the standpoint of mega-department, the reduction of government size would not be strategically successful. In the beginning of the administration, the reduction of the organization and staff was partially implemented and achieved, but it had once again rebounded toward the end of the administration. Second, an analysis of state function shows that the consensus and production function had expanded in terms of the regulation, organization, and staff size, compared with the previous government, Roh MH administration. In the case of the integration function, it was partially accepted the hypothesis in terms of the organization and staff reduction. In the execution function, hypothesis was accepted in the administration apparatus by increasing staff and budgets, however, it was rejected in the case of organization. Finally, in terms of the administrative tools, the program budget was increased in this administration, which implied a strong tendency of using the public bodies in this administration. In sum, we thinks that it implies a structural limitation of the Lee MB administration's small government reform under the institutional legacies of the developmental state.

서울지역 28개 지하구조물에 대한 정밀안전진단 결과를 활용하여 제안된 균열집중구간 및 탄산화 기반 한계상태함수를 산정하여 우선적인 보수구간을 선별하고자 하였다. 상태평가를 위해 분할된 503개 쉬트에 대한 균열밀도는 로그정규분포, 탄산화 및 피복은 정규분포의 현장조사 결과를 얻었다. 각 구간별 실시한 강도, 초음파속도, $CO_2$농도, 철근부식도, 염화물함유량 등을 고려할 수 있도록 환경지수를 도입하여 합리적인 보수 우선순위를 제안하고자 하였다.

The priority of repair areas are chosen with the probability distribution of 0.3mm wide crack and carbonation induced corrosion. Data is analyzed and evaluated based on the 28 section of Precise Inspection for Safety and Diagnosis (PISD) in seoul. As the crack is distributed in log-normal, the carbonation and cover are in normal distribution. To have rational in repair sections among 503 sheets of underground structure, it is adopted the reliability index as well as the environment factors: strength, sonic speed, $CO_2$ concentration, corrosion, and content of chloride.

This study investigated dietary patterns among the elderly over 75 years old living in Jeollanam-do area in May 2012. Although structured interviews were conducted with 236 consenting subjects, only 194 who completed the ADL, IADL, and K-MMSE tests were used for statistical data analysis. Using ADL, IADL, K-MMSE scores, cluster analysis was first performed and resulted in two groups: IFG (Insufficiently Functioning Group) and SFG (Sufficiently Functioning Group). Chi-square tests for nominal scales, Mann-Whitney tests for ordinal scales, and ANOVAs and t-tests for interval and ratio scales were conducted to compare two groups. More than 70% of IFG were illiterates compared to 28.1% of SFG. 'Excessive eating', 'appetite', 'digestion', and 'balanced diet' did not differ between groups. SFG more frequently had snacks and ate out and were more likely to take health supplements than IFG. Among the 100 major food items, consumption frequencies of several foods differed between groups. Study implications and limitations were discussed.

In the 21st century, juvenile crimes, delinquencies, and domestic violences have much more attracted social attention, which cannot be separated from the changed social environment, where, on the one hand, the traditional ‘head of family’ system not only as a social entity, but also as a legal system has eventually been abolished in 2005, and where, on the other hand, the conflict between traditional and new value system has arisen as the ideology of democracy, equality, and respect to human rights has rapidly entered the Korean society since the end of 20th century. In other words, the traditional way of dealing with problematic behaviors of adolescents and family members against other family members has begun to face limitations. Coincidently, the problem-solving function of the family court has been emphasized. This paper is the result of research, whereby what systemic change would be required to have the family court dealing with juvenile cases, dependent children cases, and domestic violence victim cases function as the problem-solving court and what roles the family court investigators should play for this purpose have been investigated. This paper sought to make clear that the fact that juvenile cases, dependent children cases, and domestic violence victim cases are under the jurisdiction of the family court reflects the unique Korean state parent idea. In this regard, Korean family court’s cases mentioned above are similar to western juvenile courts and dependency courts, which have developed in close relation with the state parent idea. That being said, western state parent idea has developed as with the local authorities’ intervention into families for the protection of abused and delinquent children, and juvenile courts and family courts have played as assistants and facilitators for local authorities to do partnership with families as the state parent idea changed, whereas the state parent idea has developed in Korea only in the judicial proceedings for abused and delinquent children cases, where public prosecutors and judges play role as state parents. Based on this unique development, this paper argues that transforming the family court into the problem-solving court is recommended to facilitate local authorities intervening into family matters for the protection of abused and delinquent children and domestic violence victims. For this purpose, this paper suggests that the legal provisions related to the proceedings and protection measures of juvenile cases, child abuse cases, and domestic violence cases should be reformed for partnership between the state and families to materialize. Furthermore, this paper suggests that expertise of family investigators should be developed to facilitate the suggested reformation, and that the social welfare and protection function of family courts, which have been introduced in some family courts to meet immediate needs of protecting vulnerable parties and participants in the proceedings, should be delegated to an independent support agency under the court.