Earticle

본 연구의 목적은 민간경호원의 규칙적인 척추안정화 운동프로그램 적용 유․무에 따른 근기능 및 보행능력의 변화를 분석하는 것으로 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 척추안정화 운동프로그램과 관련된 근기능의 변화에 있어서 최대 요부신전근력 및 요부굴곡근력의 경우 운동그룹에서는 처치 전․후 요부신전근력과 요부굴곡근력 모두 증가되 었고 비운동그룹에서도 처치 전․후 요부신전근력과 요부굴곡근력이 증가하는 것으로 나타났 다. 그리고 처치전에는 두그룹간 차이가 없었으나, 처치후에는 운동그룹과 비운동그룹이 차이 가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 통계적으로도 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 둘째, 척추안정화 운동프로그램과 관련된 근기능의 변화에 있어서 요부 굴곡․신전근 비율 의 경우 운동그룹과 비운동그룹 모두 처치 전에는 요부 신전근의 기능적 소실을 나타냈으나, 처치 후 운동그룹은 정상적으로 회복되었고, 비운동그룹은 요부 신전근의 기능적 소실을 나타 내었으며, 통계적으로도 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 셋째, 척추안정화 운동프로그램과 관련된 근기능의 변화에 있어서 요부안정화근력의 변화 에 있어서 총 8가지 방향으로 요부안정화근력을 분석하였으며, 운동그룹에서는 각도별로 요부 안정화근력이 증가하였고 비운동그룹에서는 각도별로 요부안정화근력이 감소하거나 변화가 없었으며, 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 넷째, 척추안정화 운동프로그램과 관련된 보행능력의 변화에 있어서 10m 보행검사를 이용 하여 최대 보행시 속도와 보폭에 대하여 분석하였으며, 척추안정화 운동프로그램 적용 유․무에 따른 운동그룹에서 비운동그룹 보다 보행능력을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났으며, 통계적으 로도 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 결론적으로 민간경호원에게 규칙적인 척추안정화 운동프로그램 적용은 요부신전근력, 요부 굴곡근력, 요부 굴곡 및 신전근 비율, 요부안정화근력, 보행능력 등에서 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 척추안정화 운동프로그램이 민간경호원들의 요통의 완화 및 근력향상에 긍정적인 효과가 있으며, 환자들의 빠른 회복으로 보다 빠르게 사회로의 복귀를 도와줄 수 있을 것이다. 또한 경호원들을 대상으로 예방적인 또는 기능을 향상시키기 위한 운동처방 프로그램으로 활용가능하다고 생각한다.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the variation of muscle function and gait ability according to regular spinal stabilization exercise program for private security guards and the conclusion as follows. First, it increased lumbar extension strength and lumbar flexion strength both exercise and non exercise group according to the variation of muscle function with the spinal stabilization exercise program. There was significant difference between exercise and non exercise group after the program but not before the program. Second, it appeared the functional vanishment of lumbar extensor before the program both exercise and non exercise group according to the variation of muscle function with the spinal stabilization exercise program for lumbar flexor․extensor ratio. Third, it analyzed for the spinal stabilization with 8 ways according to the variation of muscle function with the spinal stabilization exercise program for the change of the spinal stabilization. The spinal stabilizaton increased each angle for the execise group but decreased or not changed for non exercise group. Fourth, it used 10m gait test for the speed and step length according to the variation of muscle function with the spinal stabilization exercise program. It appeared the increasement of gait ability for exercise group and there was significant difference between exercise and non exercise group. In conclusion, there was a positive effect for lumbar extension strength, lumbar flexion strength, lumbar flexor․extensor ratio, spinal stabilization, and gait ability with regular spinal stabilization exercise program. This means that spinal stabilization exercise program give positive effect to the decrease of back pain and the development of muscular strength for private security guard, also will help to recover and return to work more faster. Also, it seems that the exercise prescription program may be applicable to prevent or to improve the function for private security guard.

The use of real-time ultrasound imaging (RUSI) as biofeedback to en-hance the performance of spinal stabilization exercise and recovery from low back pain has been a recent trend in musculoskeletal rehabili-tation. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate whether it would be feasible to conduct a randomized controlled trial investigating the ef-fects of spinal stabilization exercise with RUSI biofeedback in individu-als with chronic nonspecific low back pain. This was a single-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study. Ten consecutive patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain met the study criteria. They re-ceived spinal stabilization exercise with the RUSI biofeedback focusing on lumbar multifidus muscle activation. The intervention was provided twice weekly for 6 weeks. Outcome measures were lumbar multifidus muscle cross-sectional area, pain, disability and quality of life assessed at baseline and after intervention. A paired t-test was applied and effect size (Cohen d) was computed. The recruitment and retention rates were 75% and 83% respectively. No adverse events were reported during the study. Compared with the baseline, the participants demonstrated sta-tistically significant improvement in lumbar multifidus muscle cross- sectional area (P<0.05, d=1.03), pain (P<0.001, d=2.56) and disability (P<0.05, d=1.43) with large effect size after the intervention. However, no statistically significant differences were observed for physical and mental health (P>0.05) after the intervention. It was concluded that spi-nal stabilization exercise with RUSI biofeedback is effective in improv-ing lumbar multifidus muscle cross-sectional area, pain and disability in individuals with chronic nonspecific low back pain. The results demon-strated the feasibility of conducting a future, larger-scale powered ran-domized controlled trial to confirm these preliminary findings.

In this study, we examine the thickness of the abdominal muscle and its activity during the performance of the three drawing-in methods. The subjects were 20 healthy male and female students in their 20s. Using ultrasonography and electromyography, the experimenter measured the thickness of the transversus abdominis (TrA) muscle, internal oblique (IO) muscle and external oblique (EO) muscle. The ultrasonog-raphy measurements for the drawing-in manoeuver (DI), abdominal bracing, and posterior pelvic tilt (PT) techniques were 0.64±0.20, 0.54±0.15, and 0.46±0.12, respectively, with significant differences for the TrA. The electromyography results of the DI, SA, and PT techniques were 4.35±1.72, 3.00±1.48, and 2.70±1.52, respectively, for the IO. There was a significant difference in the DI, SA, and PT techniques for the EO (5.10±3.30, 3.85±3.89, 2.25±1.29, respectively). The DI method activated the oblique abdominal muscles, but there was no great change in their thickness; the TrA, however, was selectively strengthened through changes in its thickness.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the application of spinal support device with core stabilization exercise on the pain and low back dysfunction of office workers with non-specific low back pain (NSLBP). Methods: This study was conducted with 50 office workers with NSLBP. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. Both groups performed core stabilization exercise and bed rest for three times a week for 4 weeks, and the intervention group used a spinal support device for bed rest. The primary outcome was pain, and the secondary outcome was low back dysfunction and satisfaction. Measurements were performed pre and post intervention. Results: As a result of the study, the intervention group showed a significant improvement in resting pain, working pain, pain pressure threshold (PPT), and low back dysfunction (p<.05), however, the control group only showed significant improvement in resting pain, working pain, low back dysfunction (p<.05). In comparing the changes between groups, the intervention group showed a significant improvement in working pain, PPT of quadratus lumborum than the control group (p<.05). After intervention, treatment satisfaction was significantly higher in the intervention group than the control group (p<.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the application of the spinal support device with the core stabilization exercise is considered as an intervention that can provide a positive effect on working pain and PPT in office workers with NSLBP.

이 연구는 만성요통을 가진 민간 경호․경비원들을 대상으로 척추안정화 운동을 실시하여, 허리통증, 일상생활제한, 척추심부근육의 근단면적 변화에 미치는 영향을 비교 분석하고자 실시하였다. 연구 대상자는 서울․경기 지역 경호․경비업체에 종사하는 직원 중 만성요통(3개월 이상)을 호소하는 42명을 대상으로 일반적인 척추강화운동그룹, 척추안정화 운동그룹으로 21명씩 무선 할당하여, 주 3회, 10주간 운동을 실시하였다. 실험 전․후 설문지를 이용하여 허리통증과 요통장애지수를 조사하였으며, 컴퓨터 단층촬영(CT)을 실시하여 다열근과 대요근의 근단면적을 측정하였으며, 실험 전․후 변화된 값을 비교 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 통증강도와 요통장애지수는 두 그룹 모두 통계학적으로 유의하게 감소한 것으로 나타났다(p<0.01). 그룹 간 비교에서는 척추안정화 운동그룹이 일반적인 척추강화 동그룹에 비하여 통증 및 일상생활제한의 감소폭이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 2. 두 그룹 간 다열근과 대요근의 근단면적 변화는 척추안정화 운동그룹이 일반적인 추강화 운동그룹 보다 통계학적으로 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 근과 같은 심부근육 강화에 초점을 둔 척추안정화 운동프로그램이 일반적인 척추강화운동프로그램 보다 통증 및 요통장애지수 감소와 심부근육의 근력 증가(근단면적)에 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 척추안정화 운동이 만성요통 민간 경호․경비원들의 요통감소와 기능 회복에 효과적이라고 할 수 있겠다.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of using spinal stabilization exercise for the improvement of atrophy of the multifidus and psoas major, of pain and disability with chronic low back pain in private guard and security. For 42 patients diagnosed with CLBP, and divided into spinal stabilization exercise group(SSEG) and general spinal strengthening exercise group(GSSEG). Each exercise was conducted for 10 weeks. Pain and disability were measured before and after exercise using the Visual analogue scale(VAS) and the Oswestry disability index(ODI). Cross section area(CSA) of both the left and right multifidus and the psoas major at the upper end plate of L4 were measured before and after exercise using computed tomography(CT). After 10 weeks of exercise, the both group's pain and lumbar disability were significantly decreased(p<0.01). Also there was significant difference in both group(p<0.05). In addition, the CSA of the left and right multifidus and posas major were significantly increased as compared to the pre-exercise in both group(p<0.01). But SSEG's cross sectional areas of multifidus was more significantly increase than GSSEG(p<0.05). In summary, Spinal stabilization exercise is more effective in improving atrophy in private guard and security patients, in reducing patients’ pain and disability. It is an effective treatment to aid rehabilitation in these cases.

Objective: To compare the effects of spinal stabilization exercise against with lumbar extensor strengthening exercise. Method: Sixty patients with chronic low back pain were enrolled into the study and randomly classified into three groups. Groups were treated with spinal stabilization exercise (Group 1), lumbar extensor strengthening exercise using a MedX machine (Group 2), or with a combination program (Group 3) for 8 weeks. Patients were not given any other treatment modalities. Isometric peak torque of the lumbar extensors, pain rating score (PRS), Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) score, and the Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire (OLBPD-Q) were assessed at 0, 4, and 8 weeks of exercise. Results: 1) After 8 weeks, all groups showed incremental improvements in maximal isometric torque of the lumbar extensors and exhibited improvement in SF-36, PRS, and OLBD-Q scores (p＜0.05). 2) There were no significant differences in the degree of improvement among the three groups after 8 weeks of exercise. 3) The percentage of patients with scores of good or excellent in Group 3 was higher than in Groups 1 and 2 according to all evaluation tools. Conclusion: In the treatment of chronic low back pain, all exercise groups showed decreased pain, improved quality of life, and increased lumbar extensor strength regardless of the exercise type employed. We suggest that exercise programs in general are effective for the treatment of chronic low back pain and a combination exercise program seems to be most beneficial.

This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness between lumbar stabilization exercise and lumbar strengthening exercise programs in increasing pain intensity and lumbar function in patients with lumbar degenerative disk disease. Forty patients diagnosed as having a lumbar degenerative disk disease participated in an 8-week exercise program and were randomly divided into spinal stabilization and lumbar strengthening exercise groups. Pain intensity and lumbar disability were measured before and after each exercise program by using a visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index. Paraspinal lumbar muscular strength in four directions was evaluated by using Centaur. After 8 weeks of each exercise intervention, VAS score, ODI, and lumbar muscular strength significantly decreased in both groups (p<.05). In comparing VAS score, ODI, and lumbar muscular strength between the 2 groups, more-significant decreases were observed in the lumbar stabilization exercise group than in the lumbar strengthening exercise group (p<.05). In recommendation, the data from this research are useful for developing a more effective rehabilitation program for patients with lumbar degenerative disk disease. Furthermore, more studies can be conducted in the rehabilitation of patients with lumbar degenerative disk disease.

이 연구는 만성 경부통을 가진 민간 경비원들을 대상으로 경부 안정화 운동을 실시하여, 목통증, 경부장애지수, 관절가동범위, 근육통증, 재위치감각 변화에 미치는 영향을 비교 분석 하고자 실시하였다. 연구 대상자는 경기 지역 민간경비업체에 종사하는 직원 중 만성 경부통을 호소하는 21명을 대상으로 경부 안정화 운동그룹, 자세교정 운동그룹으로 무선 할당하여, 주 3회, 8주간 운동을 실시하였다. 실험 전․후 설문지를 이용하여 목통증과 경부장애지수를 조 사하였으며, 관절가동범위, 근육통증, 재위치감각 검사를 실시하여 실험 전․후 변화된 값을 비교 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 통증강도와 경부장애지수는 경부 안정화 운동그룹 이 실험 후 유의하게 감소하였으며(p<0.05), 관절가동범위, 근육통증, 재위치감각은 경부 안 정화 운동그룹에서 실험 후 유의한 향상이 있었으나, 자세교정 운동그룹은 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났으며(p>0.05), 그룹 간 비교에서도 경부 안정화 운동그룹이 통증, 경부장애지 수, 관절가동범위, 근육통증, 재위치감각에서 유의한 향상이 있었다(p<0.05). 본 연구 결과를 볼 때, 만성 경부통을 호소하는 민간 경비원들을 대상으로 경장근과 다열근과 같은 심부근육 강화에 초점을 둔 경부안정화 운동프로그램이 일반적인 자세교정 운동프로그램보다 통증 및 목 기능개선에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 경부 안정화 운동이 만성 경부통을 가진 민간 경비원들의 목 통증 감소와 기능 회복에 효과적이라고 할 수 있겠다.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of using cervical spinal stabilization exercise for the improvement of pain intensity, cervical range of motion, neck disability index, reposition sense, muscle tenderness with chronic neck pain in private security. For 21 patients diagnosed with chronic cervical pain and divided into cervical spinal stabilization exercise group and postural correction exercise group. Each exercise was conducted for 8 weeks. Pain and neck disability index were measured before and after exercise using the visual analogue scale(VAS) and the neck disability index(NDI). Range of motion were measured electronic goniometer, muscle tenderness of upper trapezius ad sternocleidomatoid were measured algometer, reposition sense were measured reposition panel before and after exercise. After 8 weeks of exercise, the cervical stabilization exercise group pain and neck disability were significantly decreased(p<0.05). Also there was significant difference in both group(p<0.05). In addition, range of motion, muscle tenderness reduce rate, reposition sense were significantly increase as compared to the pre-post exercise in cervical stabilization exercise group(p<0.05). But there was no significantly difference in postural correction group before and after exercise(p>0.05). And there was significantly increase more cervical stabilization exercise group than postural correction exercise group in range of motion, muscle tenderness reduce, reposition sense. In summary, cervical spinal stabilization exercise is more effective in improving cervical range of motion, muscle pain, reposition sense in private security on chronic cervical pain patients, in reducing patients’ pain and disability. It is an effective treatment to aid rehabilitation in these cases.

본 연구는 대기업에 근무하는 산업체 근로자를 대상으로 비만도에 따른 척추안정화근력의 차이를 분석하는 데 목적을 두었다. 편의표본 추출방법(Convenience Sampling Method)에 의하여 50명을 표본을 추출하여, 체질량지수 (BMI) 25kg/m2 이상을 비만군(25명), 이하를 정상군(25명)으로 분류하여 독립표본 t검정(Independent t-test)으로 분석 하였다. 집단간 척추안정화근력의 측정결과 정상군의 평균이 비만군에 비해 모두 높았으며, Sagittal Plane에서는 0° Forward에서 유의한 차이를 보였고, Coronal plane에서는 90° Left, 90° Right에서 유의한 차이를 보였으며, Diagonal Plane에서는 45° Left Tilt, 45° Right Tilt에 유의한 차이를 보였다. BMI 분류에 따른 근육량과 골격근량의 분석결과 에서는 비만군이 정상군에 비해 모두 높았으며 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 비만군이 정상군에 비해 근육량은 많지만 척추안정화근력은 약하다는 것을 감안하여 Sagittal Plane, Coronal plane, Diagonal Plane에서의 비만인을 위한 척추안정화 강화 프로그램의 개발이 요구된다.

The purpose of this study was to explore differences of spinal stabilization muscle strength between groups classified by BMI for industrial workers. Fifty subjects participated in this study were divided to obesity group(BMI over 25kg/m2) and non obesity group(BMI under 25kg/m2). Independent t-test was applied for analysis. The results showed the following. There were significant differences in 0° Forward on sagittal plane, in both 90° Left, 90° Right on coronal plane, in 45° Left Tilt, 45° Right Tilt on diagonal plane between groups. Last, There were significant differences in an amount of soft lean muscle and an amount of skeletal muscle between groups. These results shows that spinal stabilization muscle strength program for the obese should be considered in sagittal plane, coronal plane, and diagonal plane.

[목적] 이 연구에서는 8주간의 척추 분절 안정화 운동이 자각적 스윙 강도, 스윙 동작 및 골프수행력에 미치는 영향 을 규명하고자 하였다. [방법] 연구대상은 한국여자프로골프협회(KLPGA) 소속된 여자프로골퍼선수 6명을 대상자로 선정하였으며, 7번 아이언을 사용하여 80% 최대의 힘과 최대 힘의 100% 자각적 스윙 강도로 각각 10번씩 실시한 후 본 연구의 분석에 사용하였다. [결과] 80% 자각적 스윙 강도는 X-Factor(p<.001), AD-TBS(p<.001)에서 8주간의 척추 분절 안정화 운동 후에 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 100% 자각적 스윙 강도는 X-Factor(p<.001), 왼손목 높이(p<.001), 볼 속력(p<.01), TBS-IMP(p<.05), TBS-MDS(p<.001)에서 8주간의 척추 분절 안정화 운동 후에 유의한 차이가 나타났다. [결론] 따라서 이 연구에서 척추 분절 안정화 운동은 여자프로골프선수들의 80% 자각적 스윙 강도에서 스윙 동작 및 골프수행력에 긍정적으로 영향을 미쳤다고 생각된다.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of spinal segmental stabilization exercise on cognitive drive swing intensity, swing motion and golf performance. [Method] Participants were recruited from an professional ladies golfers registered in Korea Ladies Professional Golfers’ Association (KLPGA, n=15; 25.00 ± 2.00 yrs). Using seven irons, golf swing was taken 10 times per participant with and 80% and 100% of cognitive drive swing intensity and It was used in the analysis of this study. [Result] after 8 weeks spinal segmental stabilization exercise, 80% of cognitive drive swing intensity was significant difference in X-Factor (p<.001), AD-TBS (p<.001), 100% of cognitive drive swing intensity was significant difference in X-Factor (p<.001), left wrist height (p<.001), ball speed (p<.01), TBS-IMP (p<.05), TBS-MDS (p<.001). [Conclusion] therefore, this study indicated that spinal Segmental Stabilization Exercise improve the ability of swing motion and golf performance on 80% cognitive drive swing in professional ladies golfers of Korea.

[서론] 이 연구의 목적은 프로 골퍼를 대상으로 요통의 예방과 치료를 위한 척추분절안정화운동(SSE; Spinal Segmental Stabilization Exercise)을 적용한 후 뭇갈래근과 배가로근의 두께변화, 스윙 기전, 골프 수행능력을 분석하고자 하였다. [방법] 이 연구의 대상은 한국여자프로골프협회 정회원 프로 골퍼 6명으로 종속변인의 측정은 SSE 적용 전, SSE 적용 8주후에 각각 실시하였다. [결과] 뭇갈래근과 배가로근 모두 전체 평균적으로 두께 변화율이 증가하였다. 골프샷의 특성 중 총거리와 클럽헤드속도는 골퍼 전체 평균적으로 큰 변화는 없었으며, 탄착군 반지름, 볼 속도, 스매시 팩터는 평균적으로 감소하였다. 골프 수행동작 특성을 알아보기 위해 살펴본 구간별 시간의 변화는 나타나지 않았고, 지면반력도 큰 변화가 없었다. [결론] SSE 적용에 따른 이 연구의 결론은 첫째, 근육의 기능이 정상적인 골퍼의 경우 뭇갈래근과 배가로근의 활성도는 골퍼 개인에 따라 차이가 있었다. 둘째, 골프샷의 특성 변화 중 탄착군의 반지름이 줄어들어 정확성 측면에서 긍정적인 결과를 나타냈다. 셋째, 골프샷의 구간별 소요시간은 큰 차이가 없어 스윙 템포에는 영향을 주지 않았다. 넷째, 골프샷 중 지면반력의 변화가 크게 나타나지 않아 체중이동 양상에는 관련성이 없었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 골프수행능력에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 척추의 안정성 뿐만 아니라 다양한 많은 체력적 요인들이 작용함을 알 수 있었다. 추후 연구에서는 척추분절안정화운동을 통한 국소근육의 활성도와 스윙의 정확도를 향상시키게 된 요인과의 인과관계를 밝히는 것이 필요하며, 이를 위해 좀 더 많은 골퍼를 대상으로 통계적 검증 절차가 필요 하다고 판단된다.

[INTRODUCTION] This study aimed to investigate changes in thickness of multifidus and transversus abdominis, and analyze swing mechanism and golf performance after applying spinal segmental stabilization exercise for prevention and treatment of backache targeting professional golfers. [METHOD] Subjects of this study include 6 female professional golfers belonging to KLPGA as regular members and this study conducted measurement of dependent variables before and 8 weeks after application of SSE respectively. [RESULT] As results of the foregoing, rate of change in thickness of multifidus and transversus abdominis were increased all on average. With respect to the characteristics of golf shot, there were no considerable changes in total distance and club head speed, whereas grouping radius, ball speed and smash factor were decreased on average. In the measurement this study carried out for the purpose of investigating features of the motion of golf performance, phased change of time was not shown and ground reaction force also remained without a great change. [CONCLUSION] In conclusion according to the application of SSE, First, the degree of activation of multifidus and transversus abdominis differed by individual golfers with normal muscular functions. Second, with respect to the changes in characteristics of golf shot, a positive result came out in the aspect of accuracy as grouping radius was decreased. Third, there was no significant difference in the time required for each phase of golf shot. Fourth, of the golf shot, weight movement showed no strong correlation as no great changes were shown in ground reaction force. From all these considerations, various physical factors as well as stability of spine affect golf performance ability. Further studies need to determine the relationship between local muscle activity and improved swing accuracy and statistical verification procedure targeting more golfers is considered necessary.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of lumbar stabilization exercises combined with the Mulligan Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glide (SNAG) technique on gait function and postural alignment in patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: A total of 30 chronic low back pain patients were randomly assigned to either an experimental group, which received lumbar stabilization exercises combined with the Mulligan SNAG technique, or a control group, which received lumbar stabilization exercises combined with physical agent therapy. The interventions were conducted for 6 weeks. Changes in gait parameters, foot pressure, and spinal alignment were measured before and after the intervention, and comparative analyses were performed between the groups. Results: The study results showed that the experimental group demonstrated statistically significant improvements in all gait parameters, including gait velocity, stride length, step width, and cadence, as well as in spinal alignment before and after the intervention (p<.05). In contrast, the control group showed statistically significant changes only in gait velocity and spinal alignment (p<.05). Specifically, for the Kyphotic Angle, a significant decrease was observed in the control group (p<.01). A comparison between the two groups revealed a statistically significant difference only in gait parameters (p<.05), indicating that the experimental group was superior in improving gait function. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study provides clinical evidence that combining the Mulligan SNAG technique with lumbar stabilization exercises should be preferentially considered for treating chronic low back pain patients aiming to improve their walking ability.

Purpose: To evaluate, in patients with degenerative disc disease (DDD), the efficacy of using spinal stabilizing exercises for the reversal? of atrophy of the multifidus and psoas major, reductions in pain and disability, and for increases in paraspinal muscle strength. Methods: Nineteen patients diagnosed with DDD participated for 10 weeks in a spinal stabilization exercise program. Pain and disability were measured before and after exercise using, respectively, a visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Paraspinal muscular strength in four directions was evaluated using CENTAUR. Both before and after exercise we used computed tomography (CT) too measure cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of both the left and right multifidus and the psoas major at the upper & lower endplate of L4. Results: After 10 weeks of a spinal stabilization exercise program, pain was significantly decreased from $5.7{\pm}0.9$ to $2.5{\pm}0.9$ (p<0.01); the ODI score decreased from $16.7{\pm}4.9$ to $7.3{\pm}3.1$. Paraspinal muscle strength was significantly increased (p<0.01) and the CSAs of the left and right multifidus and psoas major muscles were significantly increased (p<0.01). Conclusion: Spinal stabilization exercise is effective in reversing atrophy in DDD patients, in reducing pain and disability, and in increasing paraspinal muscle strength. It is an effective treatment foro aiding rehabilitation in these cases.

요통은 산업화된 현대사회에서 흔히 발생하는 질환이다. 요통의 다양한 원인 중에서도 척추의 정상 가동범위를 넘은 불안정성이 요통의 한 원인으로 보고되고 있다. 이 문헌고찰의 목적은 요추 부위의 안정성을 부여하는 운동 프로그램 후 근육 기능의 강화, 통증의 감소를 보고한 논문들을 비교, 분석하는 것이다. 그리하여 요통의 한 원인인 척추의 안정성을 증가시켜 요추 부위의 통증을 감소시키고 기능을 향상시키는 운동 프로그램의 효과를 입증하는 것이다.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to monitor the performance of breathing exercises by patients with lumbar instability who had altered breathing patterns. METHODS: To investigate the effects of breathing exercises on spinal posture, mobility, and stabilization in patients with lumbar instability with altered breathing patterns, 30 adult participants were enrolled on the basis of the selection criteria and randomly assigned to the breathing exercise group (BEG) or trunk stabilization exercise group (SEG). A pre-test was performed prior to the intervention exercise program. The intervention exercise program consisted of 15 sessions (three sessions per week for 5 weeks) between August and September of 2016. The post-test was performed on the 6th week of intervention. RESULTS: Pre- and post-test comparisons of BEG and SEG revealed significant improvements in all tested items in the SEG, except for spinal mobility, while significant improvements in spinal postures 1 and 2, spinal mobility, and stabilization were found in the BEG. Between-group comparisons revealed that there were no significant differences in spinal posture 1, spinal posture 2, spinal mobility, or stabilization, whereas significant differences were found in spinal posture 2 and spinal mobility, with the BEG showing greater improvements than the SEG. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings in the present study, it is believed that breathing exercises have important effects on spinal posture, mobility, and stabilization in patients with lumbar instability who have altered breathing patterns.

Objective : To investigate the effects of posterior implant rigidity on spinal kinematics at adjacent levels by utilizing a cadaveric spine model with simulated physiological loading. Methods : Five human lumbar spinal specimens (L3 to S1) were obtained and checked for abnormalities. The fresh specimens were stripped of muscle tissue, with care taken to preserve the spinal ligaments and facet joints. Pedicle screws were implanted in the L4 and L5 vertebrae of each specimen. Specimens were tested under 0 N and 400 N axial loading. Five different posterior rods of various elastic moduli (intact, rubber, low-density polyethylene, aluminum, and titanium) were tested. Segmental range of motion (ROM), center of rotation (COR) and intervertebral disc pressure were investigated. Results : As the rigidity of the posterior rods increased, both the segmental ROM and disc pressure at L4-5 decreased, while those values increased at adjacent levels. Implant stiffness saturation was evident, as the ROM and disc pressure were only marginally increased beyond an implant stiffness of aluminum. Since the disc pressures of adjacent levels were increased by the axial loading, it was shown that the rigidity of the implants influenced the load sharing between the implant and the spinal column. The segmental CORs at the adjacent disc levels translated anteriorly and inferiorly as rigidity of the device increased. Conclusion : These biomechanical findings indicate that the rigidity of the dynamic stabilization implant and physiological loading play significant roles on spinal kinematics at adjacent disc levels, and will aid in further device development.

Background: Although studies have been conducted on muscle thickness and balance in trunk stabilization exercise and exercise using vibration props, studies on trunk stabilization exercise using active vibration for spinal alignment are still insufficient to draw a conclusion. Objectives: To investigate the effect of trunk stabilization exercise using active vibration on the spinal alignment in adult females. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: Twenty-six adult females were randomly assigned to the experimental group (active vibration) and 13 control groups (active non-vibrating) and exercised three times a week for 8 weeks. Each group was measured for spinal alignment before exercise and 8 weeks after exercise. Spinal alignment, trunk imbalance, pelvic tilt, and pelvic torsion were measured using a spinal alignment analyzer. Results: Trunk imbalance was a significantly different depending on the time in the experimental group and the control group (P<.05). Pelvic tilt was a significant difference between the groups (P<.05). Also, pelvic tilt was a significantly different depending on the time in the experimental group (P<.05), but the control group showed no significant difference (P>.05). Pelvic torsion was no significant difference in both groups (P>.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that trunk stabilization exercise using active vibration has a positive effect on the alignment of the spine.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was finding out the effects of spinal stabilization exercise using Centaur which is a 3D spinal stabilization sports implement on Chronic low back pain patients over 8 weeks. Methods: 30 patients with DDD were observed during the study. Their average age was 66.88years, height was 152.12cm and average weight was 58.91kg, 4 males and 26 females were involved. 8 various investigations were performed and varied values were compared with reinvestigation done after having exercised 8 weeks using 3-D CENTAUR We used VAS(visual analog scale) in order to see the variation of pain intensity, MOI(modified oswestry index) in order to see limitation of daily life. Results: VAS was lessened from 7.57 to 2.63, limitation of routine life(MOS) from 23.48 to 11.30, there were remarkable differences statistically(p<0.05). As a result of muscular investigation for static spinal stabilization by 8 variations of body deflection, muscular strength were all increased and there were signigicant differences statistically(p<0.05). Conclusion: It has turned out that pain and limitation of routine life was lessened, as a result of 8 weeks exercise using CENTAUR, and deep muscular power was increased. Thus it has turned out that 3-D spinal stabilization exercise has an effect on the strengthening spinal muscles and alleviation of their pain for old patients with DDD.