Earticle

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have a significant effect on our learning system. Beneath the transformation, there exists the advancement of software (S/W) technology. It has been developed from infrastructure S/W to information S/W and is going to evolve into interface S/W. Based upon the SST (social studies of technology) framework which postulates the reciprocal interaction between technology and society, this study attempts to forecast the future of learning fostered by the ongoing evolution of S/W technology. The changing pattern of learning can generally be described as shifting from the transmission of simple knowledge, through the understanding of abstract knowledge, to the mastery of contextual knowledge. In accordance with this transition, society is expected to move from knowledge through intelligence society eventually to semantic society. Along with this line of development, a totally different learning-scape will emerge.

When the software system evolves, its scale is increasingly growing to the degree where it is very hard to handle. Measuring the internal quality of the source code is one of the goals of making software development an engineering practice. Source Lines of Code (SLOC) and Cyclomatic Complexity (CC) are usually considered indicators of the complexity of a software system. Software complexity is an essential characteristic of a software system where it plays an important role in its success or failure. Although understanding the complexity is very important, yet it is not clear how complexity evolves in open source systems. In this paper, we study the complexity evolution of five open source projects from different domains. We analyze the growth of ten releases of these systems and show how complexity evolves over time. We then show how these systems conform to the second Lehman's law of software evolution.

Open-source projects continue to evolve resulted in so many versions. Managing, visualizing and understanding an evolving software system are challenging tasks. In this work, we apply Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to discover source code topics and study their evolution over multiple software versions. We apply LDA to all versions of the system together and then determine how the assignment metric evolves over time. We study the software evolution of two large open-source projects, JEdit and JHotDraw, over twelve versions. The results show that changes in topics across versions are due to actual software changes such as adding, updating, and removing features. Our work suggests that using LDA can open many paths in software evolution research.

Interesting information and Meta-information about software systems can be extracted by analyzing their evolution histories. This information has been proved useful for understanding software evolution, predicting future changes, and performing an efficient change impact analysis. A rich source code repository is a prerequisite for a high quality evolution analysis. Nonetheless, the evolutionary information contained in current versioning systems for Aspect Oriented (AO) software is incomplete and of low quality, hence limiting the scope of AO software evolution analysis. In spite of AO Programming (AOP) characteristics, none of current versioning tools match the need of controlling and storing the AO software evolution, they do not perform well with obliviousness and quantification found in AO code. In this paper, we suggest a rule-based repository for AO software evolution, and specifically for AspectJ programming language. This repository is dedicated to handle the proper characteristics of AO paradigm. In our proposal changes are formulated as rewriting rules and recorded in the repository when they are applied. Then, this last is analyzed to detect change patterns in AspectJ software evolution. We give here, the details of our rule-based repository, as well as the proposed approach for change pattern detection. We present a tool validation and some experimentation to prove the feasibility and the efficiency of our proposals.

Software Visualization encompasses the development and evaluation of methods for graphical representation of different aspects of software system, including its structure, execution and evolution. Creation of visualization helps the user to have better understanding of the complex phenomena of the software system. It is also found that visualization is vital and important for the software engineering community. In order to visualize the evolution of the models in Model-Driven Software Evolution, a framework has been proposed. This framework is derived by the application of the Goal Question Metric Paradigm. An evaluation of the framework is the major contribution of this paper. Framework is applied to assess and to find the appropriateness of the CASE tools. Six tools are considered for the comparison under this uniform platform. Stakeholder’s perspectives are also considered to evaluate the framework. Framework can also be considered as a design template for the development of the visualization tools for Model-Driven Software Evolution.

This paper first computes the Complexity increment by taking four complexity metrics WMC (CK), CMC (Li), CC (BS) and CCC (S&B). The maintainability index of the successive version has been computed at the system level. The tracking of the number of classes added and deleted has also been obtained for the archaeology of successive versions. The understandability and the maintainability of software are then mapped with the trends of complexity increment, change in number of classes added and deleted and the Maintainability index. The complexity increments between successive versions give an indication towards the maturity level of software. These metrics are empirically evaluated with 38 versions of JFree Chart and nine versions of three live project data at the system level.

The application of complex network theory can clearly reveal the coopetition activities between inter-members in software industrial virtual cluster. The research result shows that neither simplex cooperation nor competition，but it is a kind of dynamic equilibrium of coopetition. The empirical is analyzed by using the example of cloud computing. In the process of coopetition evolution, the distribution functions of node strength are from random to power law and eventually to random.

As users of internet-based software applications increase, functional and non-functional problems for software applications are quickly exposed to user reviews. These user reviews are an important source of information for software improvement. User review mining has become an important topic of intelligent software engineering. This study proposes a user review mining method for software improvement. User review data collected by crawling on the app review page is analyzed to check user satisfaction. It analyzes the sentiment of positive and negative that users feel with a machine learning method. And it analyzes user requirement issues through topic analysis based on structural topic modeling. The user review mining process proposed in this study conducted a case study with the a non-face-to-face video conferencing app. Software improvement through user review mining contributes to the user lock-in effect and extending the life cycle of the software. The results of this study will contribute to providing insight on improvement not only for developers, but also for service operators and marketing.

아키텍쳐를 기반으로 디자인 된 소프트웨어는 컴포넌트간의 낮은 결합력 때문에 재사용이나 부분적인 수정이 쉽다. 일반적으로 아키텍쳐는 디자인 단계에서 구성되며 아키텍쳐 디자인을 바탕으로 컴퍼넌트들을 구현한다. 그러나 프로그래밍 언어의 컴퍼넌트간 인터페이스는 아키텍쳐의 커넥터와 다르기 때문에 구현된 코드는 아키텍쳐 디자인을 있는 그대로 반영하지 못 한다. 결과적으로 차후 프로그램 코드의 수정이나 재사용이 아키텍쳐 디자인의 변경보다 복잡해진다. 본 논문에서는 아키텍쳐의 커넥터를 클래스를 통해 명확히 구현함으로써 아키텍쳐 디자인을 그대로 유지하는 코드 작성법을 제안한다.

아키텍쳐를 기반으로 디자인 된 소프트웨어는 컴포넌트간의 낮은 결합력 때문에 재사용이나 부분적인 수정이 쉽다. 일반적으로 아키텍쳐는 디자인 단계에서 구성되며 아키텍쳐 디자인을 바탕으로 컴퍼넌트들을 구현한다. 그러나 프로그래밍 언어의 컴퍼넌트간 인터페이스는 아키텍쳐의 커넥터와 다르기 때문에 구현된 코드는 아키텍쳐 디자인을 있는 그대로 반영하지 못 한다. 결과적으로 차후 프로그램 코드의 수정이나 재사용이 아키텍쳐 디자인의 변경보다 복잡해진다. 본 논문에서는 아키텍쳐의 커넥터를 클래스를 통해 명확히 구현함으로써 아키텍쳐 디자인을 그대로 유지하는 코드 작성법을 제안한다.

Since building large-scale software is usually bi9 burden to most developers, it has been an important issue for many researchers. In this paper, we suggest a mechanism that can be used to support such large-scale development. Through composition rules via subtyping within Statecharts, incremental construction of software can be achieved. Among the composition rules (i.e. delegation rule and mixin rule), we mainly focus on the delegation rule in our work. Not only we can check the subtype property. but also can verify the behavior compatibility of composite results that are available by composition rules. This new mechanism is helpful for analysts as well as designers, and it can be used as a guideline for incremental and compatible construction of component based software.

소프트웨어 산업에서 특허권의 취득이 일상화된 과정은 그것이 단기간에 이루어졌다는 점 이외에도, 복잡한 법적 판단의 변천과 치열한 경제적 찬반 논리를 거치며 이루어졌다는 특징을 지닌다. 본 연구에서는 소프트웨어 산업에서 특허를 둘러싼 이론과 현실이 어떻게 진화하여 왔는지를 법적, 경제적 측면에서 통합적으로 살펴본다. 이를 위해 미국을 중심으로 소프트웨어 특허에 대해 전개된 법률적 판단의 주요 사례를 분석하고, 그 과정에서 제기된 경제적 주장의 배경 논리를 소프트웨어 산업의 본원적 특성에 대한 이해를 바탕으로 종합적으로 모색한다. 이러한 연구는 우리나라 특허제도가 역사적으로 미국 특허제도로부터 많은 영향을 받아온 점, 그리고 우리나라의 경영학 및 경제학 문헌에서 관련 논의가 부족한 현실을 감안할 때 중요한 의의를 지닌다.

Beyond the rapid normalization process of patents in software industry, complex legal evolution and rigorous economic arguments underlie the crucial environmental transformation of the industry. In this article, we trace the evolutionary history for the theory and practice of patents in software industry from both legal and economic perspectives. First, we study the legal disputes and cases in light with the underpinnings of patent policy transformation, and then delve into the economic backrounds of the pros and cons for software patents, with special focus on the generic economic peculiarities of software industry. The fact that historical and practical policy and law in Korea have been largely affected from those of USA, and relative deficiency in the law, economics and management literature are the main motivation of the study, and we hope this study to contribute to the decision making of policymakers as well as law and business practitioners.

We summarize, in this paper, that we have learned from the slftwar reliability analysis of a large switching software composed of functional blocks which form slotware units. To determine the time of management activity related to sopftware reliability growth, we review the process of detection and correction of software failures. Also we apply the two softwre reliability frowth model, Goel-Okumoto and S-shaped model, to estimate the global software reliability growth to a set of failure found during period of the system test. The analysis methods and results can be applied to other large software development projects.

본 연구는 공개소프트웨어를 기반으로 하여 서비스를 제공하는 기업을 평가하기 위한 평가모형인 서비스 활동구조평가 진화모델(BSEM)을 현장적용에 대한 사례연구이다. 평가의 신뢰성과 객관성을 확보하기 위하여 전문가검토 및 공개소프트웨어 서비스기업을 대상으로 예비평가(pilot test)를 실시하였으며 국내 공개소프트웨어 기업의 현황을 파악하고 비즈니스 유형을 분석하여 국내실정에 적합한 공개소프트웨어 서비스기업의 서비스 활동분류체계를 제시하였다. 이를 통해 공개소프트웨어 서비스를 사용하는기업은 서비스 기업의 결정을 위한 객관적 평가결과의 확보와 효과적 의사결정을 통해 합리적 의사결정을 할 수 있으며, 공개소프트웨어 도입가능성이 높아짐에 따라 공개소프트웨어 유통시장의 활성화를 기대할 수 있을 것이다

In the public domain in the server market, most came to show high utilization, more recently, Mobile, Cloud, Virtualization and Big data, such as convergence in various areas of industry emerging as a more and more important. Open Source Software(OSS) has been used mainly in Server market of conglomerates, In recent years, many industries including small and medium companies in IT are discussing the importance of its usage. Despite its increasing advantage worldwide, domestic companies and public areas are inhibiting the usage of open source software due to a lack of reliable information for public domain. Despite this growing trend of utilization the open source software worldwide, the domestic industry is still in the public domain due to a lack of reliable information for the public and local businesses to introduce the public domain, and to take advantage of a inhibiting factor. So, Lee et al.(2015) proposed multi purposed evaluation model named Behavior-Structure-Evaluation Evolution Model(BSEM) for the purpose of proposing evaluation framework for open source software service companies based on general corporate valuation model. Therefore, main purpose of this study is to applying BSEM for OSS service companies to adaptability, expandability and objectivity of BSEM. We chose 2 out of 290 OSS service companies and they offer operating system and Database management system services. Company A which offers operating system services has “System OSS Software package development & supply” and “OSS software system improvement & maintenance” service activity in detail. Company B which provides operating system and database management system has “OSS software base network design” and “Customized OSS software development” service activity. We applied Technology Reference Model(TRM) for technical domain. Company A was “52. Operating system” and company B was “51. Database and 52. Operating system”. At last we applied 21 evaluation indexes for measuring each service level. Also we measured service weight by OSS experts and applied for BSEM model. After whole evaluation indexes are calculated BSEM suggested final service level by showing alphabet from AAA to D and BSEM affords the detailed service level for BSEM user. In conclusion, this study provides evaluation model which can be evaluated for customer and service provider, so open source software service company can set up self check service levels, based on this they can look for ways to provide a better services to customers.