Earticle

Although indoor positioning technologies have been extensively researched, many indoor positioning methods are limited by the need for actual measurement data to be collected within a specified environment. To address issues, this paper proposes an indoor positioning simulation to implement an indoor environment and measure object position. In Addition, it presents the architecture and method of simulation through simple situations.

About 50 years ago, authority of physics academy concluded that Big bang theory is right by the discovery of Cosmic Microwave Background radiation (CMB). But soon, people found serious problem in the Big bang theory so conception called ‘Inflation’ invited, which implies that there was great expansion of space after Big bang between 10-30 s and 10-33 s ~ 10-32 s. At that time, inflaton that caused inflation included asymmetry throughout space. After the inflation, the energy that inflaton had was released as the form of a matter. So, asymmetric inflaton also derived asymmetry of matter. Because of this asymmetry, large scale structure and CMB became to have these days’ shape. In this research, we are going to set simple model of inflaton that contains asymmetry and compare with these day’s CMB by using laplace series. Finally, we could get a result that resemble our universe’s CMB power spectrum.

Purpose: This study aimed to construct and test a hypothetical model to explain predictive factors affecting nursing students' satisfaction and self-confidence in simulation-based education, based on the National League for Nursing?Jeffries Simulation Theory. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 305 fourth-year nursing students with experience in simulation-based education enrolled at universities in Gangwon-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, and Gyeonggi-do. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 25.0. Results: The hypothetical model showed good fit with the empirical data: χ²/df 2.17, RMSEA=.01, RMR=.01, GFI=.95, AGFI=.91, NFI=.94, TLI=.95, CFI=.97, and PNFI=.68. Simulation design characteristics, teaching efficiency, and flow were found to affect satisfaction and confidence directly. A bootstrap test indicated that teaching efficiency and flow mediated the relationship between simulation design characteristics and satisfaction and confidence. Conclusion: Simulation educators should apply standards of best practice that enhance teaching efficiency and flow. Through well-organized simulation designs, nursing students can attain satisfaction and self-confidence through simulation-based education.

Purpose: Improving students’ self-confidence is an important strategy in simulation learning. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing students’ self-confidence in simulation learning based on the Jeffries Simulation Framework. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 140 senior nursing students’ at a university, and data were collected through self-reported questionnaires. Data on students’ self-confidence were collected for student/ facilitator factors (satisfaction on major, overall grade average, and facilitator satisfaction), educational practice factors (active learning, collaboration, diverse ways of learning and educational goals), and simulation design characteristics factors (objectives/information, support, problem solving, feedback, and fidelity). Data were analyzed using an independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Results: The regression model had an adjusted R2 of .61, indicating that education goal, active learning, facilitator satisfaction, and fidelity were significant predictors of students’ self-confidence in simulation learning. Conclusion: To increase students' self-confidence with simulation learning strategies, it is necessary to design lessons that include educational goals, active learning, improved student satisfaction with the facilitator and fidelity based on the Jeffries Simulation Framework.

자아통제는 자신의 장기적인 목표를 달성하는 데 방해되는 행동을 억제하는 것을 의미한다. 개인에 따라 지니고 있는 자아통제 역량은 차이가 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 자아통제 상황에서 자아통제력이 높은 사람들의 활용하는 생각하는 방법에 대하여 살펴보고자 하였다. 구체적인 생각하는 방법으로 결과중심과 과정중심으로 구분되는 심적 시뮬레이션에 주목하였다. 본 연구에서는 자아통제 상황에서 자아통제력이 높은 사람일수록 과정중심 심적 시뮬레이션보다 결과중심 심적 시뮬레이션을 더 할 것으로 예상하였다. 그리고 자아통제가 요구되는 상황에서 결과중심 심적 시뮬레이션을 활성화 시키는 것이 과정중심 심적 시뮬레이션을 활성화 시키는 것보다 자아통제에 더 효과적일 것으로 예상하였다. 또한 심적 시뮬레이션이 자아통제에 미치는 영향을 예상된 후회가 매개할 것으로 예상하였다. 이를 검증하기 위하여 3번의 실험연구를 실시하였다. 연구 1에서는 개인의 자아통제력과 자아통제 상황에서 활용하는 심적 시뮬레이션 유형 사이의 관계를 살펴보았다. 개인의 자아통제력을 측정하고 자아통제 상황에서 활용하는 심적 시뮬레이션 유형을 측정하였다. 연구결과, 자아통제력이 높을수록 결과중심 심적 시뮬레이션을 과정중심 심적 시뮬레이션보다 더 활용하는 것으로 나타났다. 실험 2와 3에서는 조작에 의해 활성화된 심적 시뮬레이션이 자아통제에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 실험 설계는 2(심적 시뮬레이션 유형: 결과중심 vs. 과정중심)의 집단 간 실험설계 하였다. 실험 2에서는 자아통제 상황과 관련 없는 과업을 통해 참가자의 심적 시뮬레이션을 조작하였고, 실험 3에서는 자아통제 상황과 연결하여 참가자의 심적 시뮬레이션을 조작하였다. 연구 결과, 결과중심 심적 시뮬레이션 집단이 과정중심 심적 시뮬레이션 집단보다 자아통제를 더 잘하는 것으로 나타났고, 예상된 후회가 이를 매개하는 것으로 나타났다.

Self-control refer to restraining behavior that interferes with individuals from achieving their long-term goals. Individuals have different self-control ability. This study investigates the mind set of individuals with high self-control ability in the context of self-control dilemma, especially focusing on mental simulation (Outcome-focused vs. Process-focused). We predicted that in self-control dilemma, individuals with high self-control might more likely utilize Outcome-focused mental simulation for self-control than Process-focused mental simulation, and activated Outcome-focused mental simulation might be more effective on self-control than activated Process-focused mental simulation. In addition, we predicted anticipated regret might mediate the effect of mental simulation on self-control. To test hypotheses, this study conducted 3 experiments. In Experiment 1, we examined the relation between individuals’ self-control level and types of mental simulation to utilize in self-control dilemma. Results showed that high self-control individuals used more Outcome-focused mental simulation than Process-focused. In Experiment 2 and 3, we examined the effect of mental simulation on self-control with between subject design(mental simulation: Outcome vs. Process focused). We manipulated participants’ mental simulation type in Experiment 2 with unrelated task with self-control dilemma and in Experiment 3 with related task. As we predicted, individuals activating Outcome-focused mental simulation did better self-control than Process-focused. and we found out the mediating effect of anticipated regret.

Purpose: This study aims to describe the experience of nursing students who used a virtual simulation program for their nursing practicum. Method: Structured debriefing papers were collected from 65 senior nursing students using a convenient sampling method for this qualitative study. Conventional content analysis method was used for data analysis. Results: The study’s findings derived three theme clusters. The theme clusters were “satisfied by leading role in nursing practice and repetitive training,” “gained nursing responsibility and confidence in applying the learning into clinical practice,” and “recognized the limitations of customized nursing care.” Conclusion: The results of this study provided insight into nursing students' virtual simulation-based practical training experiences in the context of the Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic.

본 연구는 Abaqus의 CFD-Structural Co-Simulation 기법을 활용하여 아파트 화재 시뮬레이션을 수행하고, 화재로 인한 연 기 확산 경향과 더불어 주요 구조 부재의 열-응력 및 변형을 동시에 분석하는 연구의 가능성을 타진하였다. 해당 해석 기법을 통해 화재 시의 열-유체 유동이 구조물에 미치는 열 하중을 전달하고, 이로 인한 구조적 응답을 계산할 수 있어 통합적인 화재 안전성 평가에 필수적이다. 또한 해석의 효율성을 극대화하고 빠른 결과를 도출함으로써, 환기시스템의 운영 변화(배기 용량, 위치 등)에 따른 연기 배출 효율 경향 및 구조물의 열적 안전성 변화 경향을 신속하게 파악하는 데 중점을 두었다. 시뮬레이션 결과는 피난 안전성(가시거리, 온도)과 구조적 안정성 (최대 응력, 변형률) 두 가지 측면에서 분석되었으며, 이를 통해 건축 초기 단계에서 방재 설계의 효율성과 타당성을 검토하는 데 기여하는 방법론적 기반을 제시하고자 한다.

Purpose: This study was a scoping review aimed at evaluating Simulation-Based Education for recognizing and responding to deteriorating patients within Korean nursing school curricula, and at developing educational strategies for these competencies. Methods: A literature search was conducted from April 1 to April 30, 2024. The review followed the scoping review framework by Arksey and O’Malley and the manual by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Relevant studies were identified through databases such as the Korean Medical Database, Korean Studies Information Service System, DataBase Periodical Information Academic, Research Information Sharing Service, ScienceOn, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Results: Eleven studies published from 2010 to 2019 were reviewed. The simulations typically included several lectures and practice sessions on advanced cardiopulmonary life support before the simulation exercises, which were then repeated. Cardiac arrest was frequently used as a scenario subject. The learning outcomes focused on the cognitive and psychomotor domains, as well as self-efficacy. Conclusion: Although simulation for recognizing and responding to deteriorating patients was available in Korean nursing school curricula, it was infrequently incorporated as a regular part of the training. Future initiatives should include adding educational content to enhance nursing students' competencies in recognizing and responding to deteriorating patient simulations. Subsequent studies should assess the effectiveness of these educational methods.

South Korea launched the world’s first nationwide 5G mobile services on 3 April 2019 and rushed in the race to roll out the latest wireless technology. It is necessary to perform a preliminary estimation of the new mobile market to take advantage of its huge opportunity. This study proposes a customer adoption model based on system dynamics combined with agent-based model to understand the evolution of 5G service better taking into account 5G adoption forecasts under categories with three alternative scenarios. The most important conclusion is that the 5G adoption curve is faster than 4G at the introduction stage.

시뮬레이션(Simulation)은 모의실험이라 하여 많은 정보나 통계를 바탕으로, 가능한 한 현실에 가까운 모델이나 환경을 만들고 그 중에서 지금부터 만들려고 하는 실물이 어떻게 변화, 반응하는가를 실험·분석하는 방법이다. 이러한 방법을 주거 내부에서 토기편이 출토되어 나타나는 모습을 규명하는데 적용하였다. 시뮬레이션은 주거의 자연적 폐기(토사의 퇴적)에 따른 토기 파손, 주거의 바닥과 상부 구조물에 놓인 토기의 파손, 상부 구조물 낙하에 의한 토기의 파손 등을 조건으로 하여 진행하였다. 그 결과 각각의 조건에 따라 토기 파손의 여러 형태와 모습을 볼 수 있었는데, 특히 파편의 위치와 분산범위 등의 특징을 관찰할 수 있었다. 토사 매립에 따른 토기의 파손은 파편의 분산은 크지 않고 편들 간 인접하는 모습이다. 반면, 토기의 상부 낙하와 구조물 낙하에 따른 토기의 파손은 각 조건별로 차이는 있지만 분산의 범위와 파편들의 인접성이 넓게 나타나는 점을 살펴볼 수 있었다. 이러한 시뮬레이션 결과는 실제 주거 등의 유구 발굴조사에서 확인된 토기 파편의 출토 모습과 매우 유사함을 비교할 수 있었다. 또한 토기 파편 출토 모습의 시뮬레이션 결과는 주거 등 유구의 폐기 원인을 밝힘과 동시에 내부 구조물의 위치 및 형태 등을 복원해 볼 수 있는 근거로 삼을 수 있다. 더불어 이 기법의 적용은 새로운 조사 및 연구 방법론으로 기여할 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

Simulation is a simulation based on a lot of information and statistics. It makes models or environments that are as close to reality as possible. Experiments to see how things change and react in the future. It is a method of analysis. This method was applied to the identification of the excavated shape of the earthenware fragments. The simulations were carried out using the parameters such as earthenware damage caused by the natural disposal of the residence (soil deposition), destruction of the earthenware placed on the floor and upper structure of the residence, and destruction of the earthenware due to the falling of the upper structure. As a result, we could observe various shapes and shapes of earthenware breakage, and we could observe characteristics such as the position and dispersion range of broken pieces according to each variable. The destruction of the earthenware by the landfill was close to the position between the fragments and the degree of dispersion was not large. On the other hand, it was observed that the direct falling of the earthenware and the destruction of the earthenware due to the falling of the structure are different in each condition, but the fracture location of the debris is far and the range of dispersion is wide. The validity of these simulation results can be verified by comparison with the earthenware fragments confirmed in the excavation survey of actual residence. Furthermore, the simulation results of the earthenware fragmentation phenomenon can be used as a basis for restoring the location and form of the internal structure while clarifying the cause of the disposal of the residues and so on. The application of this technique may contribute to the new research and research methodology.

이 논문은 CC 프로세스의 movable side trowel 효과를 연구하기 위한 실험과 모델링을 제시한다. FEA simulation을 이용하여 우리는 movable side trowel의 효과와 움직임에 대한 기초적인 이해를 얻어냈다. 단면의 side trowel 보다 양면의 side trowel이 실제의 3D 형상을 만드는 동안에 층간의 최적의 결합을 만들어 준다는 면에서 가장 적합하다는 것을 알아냈다. 우리의 실험이 위의 결과를 입증하였다.

Purpose: Nursing students' competence in virtual simulation-based learning is a key factor in its success. This study explored the validity and reliability of a virtual-simulation-based learning competency self-evaluation tool for nursing students. Methods: Data were collected from a web-based survey. First, 11 nursing professors participated in a focus group interview, and 7 simulation education experts participated in the preliminary item content validity. The participants in these two aspects were not the same. Then, a preliminary survey was conducted with 15 fourth-year nursing students in I City. Next, based on these three efforts, a final survey comprising 20 evaluation items was developed. This survey was administered to third- and fourth-year nursing students at four nursing colleges in Korean provinces (Seoul, Gyeonggi, Gangwon, and Gyeongsan-do); 222 complete questionnaires were used for the final analysis. Further, Kirkpatrick’s evaluation model was used for four steps each of tool development and verification processes of the associated psychometric aspects, for a total of eight steps. An exploratory factor analysis was performed on the collected survey data, and verify the tool's validity and reliability. Results: Four factors comprising 15 items explained 66.59% of the variance: learning preparation and start-up (4 items), nursing assessment (3 items), data interpretation (3 items), and problem solving (5 items). The Cronbach's α of the tool was 0.74, and that of the factors ranged from 0.72 to 0.80. Conclusions: The tool's validity and reliability were demonstrated using established methodologies. This tool can be useful for evaluating Korean nursing students' virtual simulation learning competence.

본 연구의 목적은 3D Virtual Simulation을 활용하여 교육용 팬츠 패턴의 맞음새를 비교·분석하는 것이 다. 이를 위해 20대 여성 평균 체형을 기준으로 기본형 제도법 10종을 1.1.1.1.1. Yuka apparel CAD system으로 제도한 후 CLO 3D 프로그램을 활용하여 가상착의를 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 패턴 제도법에 따라 인체치수 적용 방식과 여유량, 중심선 구조 및 샅냄폭, 다트 위치와 길이 등이 상이하였으며 이는 착의 외관과 실루엣에 큰 영향 을 미쳤다. 3D Virtual Simulation 결과, 패턴 H, J, I는 좋은 맞음새를 보였으며, 패턴 G, D는 나쁜 맞음새를 보 였다. 이를 통해 샅냄폭과 중심선 위치, 앞·뒤판의 다트 구조, 허리~엉덩이 실루엣 형성 등이 패턴설계의 주요 구 성 요소임을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 팬츠 패턴 설계 자동화를 위한 기초자료를 제공하며, 향후 연령별·체형별 패턴 개선을 위한 활용 가능성을 시사한다.

This study aimed to compare and analyze the fit of educational pants patterns. Using Yuka apparel CAD system, ten basic pants patterns were drafted for the average body measurements of women in their 20s. virtual try-ons were subsequently performed in CLO 3D. The results showed that the application of body measurements, ease allowances, center line construction, crotch width, and dart placement and length varied across patterns, significantly affecting the appearance and silhouette of the garments. In 3D virtual simulations, patterns H, J, and I exhibited good fit, whereas patterns G and D performed poorly. These results indicate that crotch width, centerline placement, front- and back-panel dart configuration, and waist?hip silhouette shaping are key factors in pants pattern design. This study provides foundational data for the automation of pants pattern design and suggests its applicability in developing improved patterns tailored to different age groups and body types.

실감형 콘텐츠 관련 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. AR을 중심으로 한 실감형 콘텐츠의 발전은 스마트 폰을 이용하여 실세계에 3D 가상 콘텐츠를 추가하는 것을 넘어, 대형 건축물에 Projection Mapping을 하는 Media Facade 콘텐츠로 발전되었다. 최근 Projection Mapping을 이용한 Media Facade를 활용한 광고 콘텐츠의 수요가 증가하면서 Projection Mapping콘텐츠에 대한 교육과 시스템개발이 요구 되고 있다. Projection Mapping을 처음 배우는 교육생의 경우, 투사할 사물 및 건축물을 만드는 것부터 큰 어려움으로 작용된다. 사물 및 건축물을 구축하기 위해서는 그만한 자원과 재원이 요구되며, 한번 만들고 나면 다시 자원 을 활용하여 바꾸기 쉽지 않다. 본 논문에서는 Projection Mapping 교육을 위한 Unity 3D Engine 기반 Projection Mapping Simulation을 제안한다. 제안된 Projection Mapping Simulation는 Unity 3D Engine을 기반하였기 때문에 무료로 교육생들이 사용이 가능하며, 다양한 3D Object File를 활용하여 사물 및 건축물을 나타내고 조작할 수 있다. 또한, Projection Mapping에 쓰이는 영상을 Video 뿐 아니라, 실시간 3D Rendering으로 사용할 수도 있다. 본 논문에서 제안한 Projection Mapping Simulation는 교육생들에게 공간과 사 물 및 건축물의 이해를 돋기 위한 실험의 장이 될 것이며, Projection Mapping 콘텐츠 연구 자들에게는 여러 Projection Mapping 기법을 실험 및 연구할 수 있는 장이 되길 희망한다.

Research on realistic content is actively underway. The development of realistic content centered on AR has gone beyond adding 3D virtual content to the real world using smartphones and has developed into Media Facade content that uses projection mapping on large buildings. Recently, as the demand for advertising content using Media Facade using Projection Mapping increases, education and system development for Projection Mapping content are required. For trainees learning Projection Mapping for the first time, creating objects and buildings to project poses a great challenge. Building objects and buildings requires a lot of resources and resources, and once created, it is not easy to use resources to change them again. In this paper, we propose Projection Mapping Simulation based on Unity 3D Engine for projection mapping education. Because the proposed Projection Mapping Simulation is based on the Unity 3D Engine, it can be used by trainees for free, and objects and buildings can be represented and manipulated using various 3D Object Files. In addition, the video used for projection mapping can be used not only as video but also for real-time 3D rendering. We hope that the Projection Mapping Simulation proposed in this paper will be a place for experimentation to enhance trainees' understanding of space, objects, and buildings, and for Projection Mapping content researchers to experiment and research various projection mapping techniques.