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Purpose: In this study, an attempt was made to identify the extent of dental technicians’ perception of professionalism and examine to what extent the perception of professionalism impacts self-development and professionalism improvement activities. Methods: An online survey was conducted for 391 dental technicians for 20 days (i.e., from October 20 to November 10, 2020). Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed to examine the correlation between the independent variable and the dependent variable, and multiple regression analysis was performed to analyze the degree of influence of independent variables on self-development and professionalism improvement activities. Results: As a result of examining the impact of dental technicians’ perception of professionalism on self-development and professionalism improvement activities, it was revealed that all four subareas of the perception of professionalism, i.e., professional qualification, professional autonomy, social perception, and the sense of calling, were positively impacted. Conclusion: (1) It is necessary to compare and analyze the differences in the perception of professionalism among various dental technologist groups, prepare programs to improve them, and endeavor to ensure the growth of organizational operating system. (2) Self-development and professionalism improvement activities need to be supported so that dental technologists can immerse themselves in their duties with affections for the organization and contemplate and provide educational programs to workers.

This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of fertilization process and embryo development of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (Astragali Radix) to provide basic data needed in its breeding. A. membranaceus showed poor seed setting when self-pollination was induced. When artificial pollination was induced, it showed less than 5% bearing in late August, but more than 13% bearing from the beginning of September 4th. The flower size was about 17.0㎜× 4.0 ㎜ and pistils and stamens had the same length of 15.0㎜ at flowering stage. When self-pollination or cross-pollination was induced, pollen tubes extended to an ovule. While pollen tube was extending to the ovule, reproductive cell split and formed two male generative nuclei and a vegetative nucleus. In the case of self-pollination, fertilized embryo was not observed, but was formed in the case of cross-pollination. A. membranaceus is noted to have zygote self-incompatibility. In the case of cross-pollination, fertilization was observed in 6 to 8 h after pollination, where apical cell derivatives split after fertilization. A spherical pro-embryo was then formed three days after fertilization. The seed attained full shape with a seed coat showing its distinctive contour 15 days after fertilization. Thus, A. membranaceus in Leguminosae family is found to have zygote selfincompatibility although its flower shape is shown to match the self-compatibility plant.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to (1) add relevant contemporary items to develop an assessment instrument for the self-efficacy of clinical nursing teachers, to verify and evaluate the validity and reliability of the instrument, and (2) investigate the self-efficacy of clinical nursing teachers. Method: A cross-sectional study was designed. A total of 205 clinical nursing teachers were recruited in Taiwan. Data were collected using the Clinical Nursing Teacher Self-efficacy Scale. An exploratory factor analysis was performed to examine the scale. Results: The degree of self-efficacy of clinical nursing teachers was moderate to high. The 35-item scale showed great psychometric qualities. The Cronbach coefficient of the overall scale was 0.92; and 0.83, 0.91, 0.93, and 0.87 on the four subscales were acceptable. Four factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis and explained 68.53% of the total variance. Four factors were (i) teachers' professional growth ability, (ii) teaching ability, (iii) clinical nursing competencies, and (iv) personality traits. The highest self-efficacy category evaluated by teachers was personality traits; the second was clinical nursing competencies; after that, teaching ability and teachers’ professional growth ability. The item with the lowest self-efficacy was foreign language ability (English). Conclusion: Clinical nursing teachers have a moderate to high degree of self-efficacy. This scale with good reliability and validity can be used for the training and evaluation of the self-efficacy of clinical nursing teachers.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and evaluate a dietary self-care promotion program for hemodialysispatients based on Hurley's self-efficacy model, utilizing an online community to enhance the dietaryself-care behavior of patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: The needs of hemodialysis patients were identified, and an online community-based dietaryself-care promotion program was developed with expert evaluations. Forty-four hemodialysis patientswere randomly assigned to an experimental group (n ¼ 22) and a control group (n ¼ 22). The programwas applied to the experimental group for four weeks. Before and after the intervention, as well as fourweeks after the intervention, dietary self-efficacy, dietary self-care behavior, interdialytic weight gain,serum phosphorus, and serum potassium were assessed in both groups. Results: Significant differences over time and between groups were observed in dietary self-efficacy,interdialytic weight gain, serum phosphorus, and serum potassium. The interaction between time andgroup was also significant. While no significant differences were found over time in dietary self-carebehavior, significant group differences, and interaction effects between time and group were identified. Conclusions: The results indicate that the dietary self-care promotion program using an online communityfor hemodialysis patients is more effective in enhancing dietary self-efficacy and dietary self-carebehavior compared to conventional treatment. This suggests the clinical applicability of the proposeddietary self-care promotion program.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a mobile-based self-management health alarm (MSHA) program for modifying obese children's lifestyle based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model and to test its feasibility. Methods: A methodological study for the development of the MSHA program and pilot study with a one-group pretest-posttest design for feasibility testing was conducted. The MSHA program was designed to provide obesity-related information (I), monitor daily diet and exercise, provide motivational text messages (M), and enhance healthy diet and exercise skills (B) via a mobile-based web platform. In the feasibility test, six obese children participated in the 4-week program, and the number of days per week that they achieved their goals and differences in metabolic components were assessed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Participants successfully achieved their diet and exercise goals≥5 days per week. Body mass index (z=-1.99, p=.046), waist circumference (z=-2.20, p=.028), and triglyceride levels (z=-2.21, p=.027) significantly decreased. Conclusion: The MSHA program showed positive effects on health behaviors and metabolic syndrome risk. The program may be effective in improving metabolic syndrome in obese children by promoting self-health management behaviors.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a self-control competency scale for school-aged children and to confirm its reliability and validity. Methods: This study involved methodological research to verify the reliability and validity of a self-control competency scale for school-aged children. Data were collected from 438 students in the fifth and sixth grades of elementary school. Results: The self-control competency scale was composed of 13 items and six subscales (control of relationship with one's teacher, problem-solving, peer empathy, control of relationships with one's peers, impulse control, and emotional control). The internal consistency reliability of the scale was evaluated using Cronbach's ?, which was .83 for the entire scale and ranged from .65 to .76 for the subscales. The model of six subscales was validated by CFA (CMIN/df=1.977; p<.001, GFI=.94, SRMR=.050, RMSEA=.065, IFI=.95, TLI=.93, CFI=.95). Concurrent validity was evaluated by comparing this scale to the scale developed by Nam and Ok (2000), and a significant correlation was found (r=.82, p<.001). On this scale, higher scores indicate higher levels of self-control among late-school-aged children. Conclusion: This scale can be used as a valid and reliable instrument for examining self-control competency among late-school-aged children.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate psychometric properties of the instrument, Resuscitation Self-Efficacy Scale for nurses. Methods: This was a methodological study for instrument development and psychometric testing. The initial item pool derived from literature review and experts resulted in 30 items linked to resuscitation self-efficacy. A convenience sample of 509 Korean nurses from eleven academic teaching hospitals participated in a survey to examine psychometric properties of the scale. To examine construct validity, exploratory factor analysis and known-group comparison were used. Cronbach's coefficient alpha was used to determine the scale's internal consistency reliability. Results: The final scale included 17 items with four-component structure termed 'Recognition', 'Debriefing and recording', 'Responding and rescuing', and 'Reporting'. These four factors accounted for 57.5% of the variance. Each subscale and the total scale demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency: .82; .88; .87; .83; and .91 respectively. Experienced nurses reported significantly higher self-efficacy mean scores in both total and subscales compared to new graduate nurses. Conclusion: The Resuscitation Self-Efficacy Scale for nurses yields reliable and valid results in appraising the level of resuscitation self-efficacy for Korean nurses. Further study is needed to test and refine the scale.

Purpose: Fathers' involvement in newborn care positively affects both work sharing between parents, newborn quality of life, and the relationship between father and newborn. However, there is no valid and reliable measurement tool to evaluate fathers' self-efficacy levels for newborn care. This study aimed to develop the fathers' self-efficacy scale for newborn care (FSSNC) and to examine its psychometric properties. Methods: This study is an instrument development and validation study. After a comprehensive literature review, expert opinion, and pilot application stages, an item pool was developed. For validity and reliability analyses, data were collected between March and December 2022 from 442 individuals, including fathers with newborn babies and expectant fathers whose partners are pregnant. Validity assessments included content, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and convergent validity. The scale was also evaluated for its internal consistency, and two-half-test reliability. In this study, the STROBE checklist was used as a guideline. Results: The final version of the scale consisted of three subdimensions (hygiene, safety, and nutrition). The total number of items is 17. Confirmatory factor analysis results confirm the results of exploratory factor analysis. There was a strong correlation between the scale score and the participants' self-assessment score. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that the FSSNC was a valid, reliable, and user-friendly measurement tool used to evaluate fathers' self-efficacy regarding hygiene, safety, and nutrition in newborn care.

Purpose: This pilot study aimed to develop and conduct an initial evaluation of a self- care improvement program for older school-aged children with atopic dermatitis (AD). Methods: A quasi-experimental, non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used with 20 children in grades 4?6 diagnosed with AD. The experimental group (n=12) received a 5-week Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB)-based program, which included five 40-minute sessions for children and one 50-minute session for mothers. The control group (n=8) received usual care. Data was collected at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and 4 weeks post-intervention. Outcome variables included AD knowledge, motivation for AD self-care, self-efficacy for managing AD, self-care behaviors, and AD severity. Generalized estimating equations were used for analysis. Results: Time-by-group interaction effects were observed for AD knowledge (p<.001), personal motivation (p=.011), self-efficacy (p=.034), self-care behaviors (p=.027), and AD severity (p=.039). Improvements in knowledge, motivation, and self-efficacy persisted through follow-up, while changes in self-care behaviors and AD severity were significant only at posttest. Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence that an IMB-based self-care program can improve knowledge, motivation, and self-efficacy in children with AD, leading to better self-care behaviors and reduced symptom severity. These findings support the feasibility and potential usefulness of a structured, theory-based intervention. Further fully powered trials are needed to confirm effectiveness and identify strategies for maintaining long-term outcomes.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and examine the effects of a mobile application-based self-management program for Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN) in colorectal cancer patients. Methods: This study used a nonequivalent control group and a pretest-posttest design. Eighty-three patients with colorectal cancer undergoing neurotoxic chemotherapy were included in the study (experimental group, n=41; control group, n=42). The self-management program for CIPN consisted of an eight-week program (for individual training and telephonic coaching). CIPN 20, a CIPN assessment tool, and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30 scale were used to assess CIPN, disturbance of activities of daily living, and quality of life, respectively. The study was conducted from December 7, 2018, to August 20, 2019. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, a test of homogeneity in the pretest, independent t-tests, and repeated-measures analysis of variance were used. Results: In the experimental group, significant improvements were found in CIPN (F=5.88, p=.018) and disturbance of activities of daily living (F=8.26, p=.005) compared to those in the control group. There was no significant difference in the interaction between the groups and time in terms of quality of life. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the mobile application-based self-management program used in this study is effective and could be used as a nursing intervention for cancer patients with CIPN.

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a conceptual framework for understanding non-adherence to self-management among patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). This was accomplished through a literature review, in-depth interviews with patients, and a survey of healthcare professionals featuring semi-structured open-ended questions. Methods: First, a systematic literature review was conducted across five databases. Next, 25 patients with COPD participated in detailed interviews that included seven semi-structured questions. Subsequently, 15 healthcare professionals completed a survey about factor categories and specific factors associated with non-adherence to COPD self-management. Categories and factors identified at least once across these three methods were documented. Finally, two researchers conducted preliminary mapping of the relationships between factor categories and individual factors, which was assessed for face validity by a third researcher. All processes were conducted from March 28, 2022, and January 30, 2023. Results: The research revealed eight factor categories and 53 individual factors associated with non-adherence to COPD self-management. The categories encompassed personal, socioeconomic, disease-related, functional, treatment-related, health system-related, and environmental characteristics. The literature review, patient interviews, and survey of healthcare professionals yielded 35, 19, and 44 factors, respectively. Twelve factors were identified using all three sources. All processes were conducted from March 28, 2022, and January 30, 2023. Conclusion: In this study, quantitative and qualitative methods were employed to develop a conceptual framework for non-adherence to COPD self-management. The findings indicate that effective self-management of this condition requires not only patient effort but also adaptations to complex treatment regimens, societal perceptions, and workplace environments.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and preliminarily evaluate the reliability and validity of the Symptom-Management Self-Efficacy ScaleeBreast Cancer (SMSES-BC) related to chemotherapy. Methods: The study included three stages. This paper presents the results of stage 2 and stage 3. In total, 34 items in the SMSES-BC were found during stage 1 from qualitative findings, a literature review, and expert suggestions; the 34 items were used for the psychometric properties test. Test-retest reliability and Cronbach a were assessed in the first sample, which included 45 participants for the pilot test (stage 2). The second sample, which included 152 patients, was used to assess the construct validity and concurrent validity (stage 3). Results: The pilot test results revealed a test-retest reliability of .73 (p < .001) and Cronbach a coefficient of .96 for the total scale. Three factors (managing chemotherapy-related symptoms, acquiring problem solving, and managing emotional and interpersonal disturbances) were identified from exploratory factor analysis. Correlation coefficient r was .40 (p < .001), which supported the association between SMSES-BC and the General Self-Efficacy Scale for concurrent validity. Conclusions: The study results demonstrate acceptable reliability and validity for the SMSES-BC that was developed for measuring symptom-management self-efficacy related to chemotherapy for patients with breast cancer. This study suggests further research to validate the construct of the SMSES-BC.

In the preceding studies, an analysis of Saga Prefectural sightseeing information by a Self-Organizing Map (SOM) has been tried. And recent development on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) will help us to access any results via the mobile devices easily. This is why the mobile devices, e.g., smartphones and tablet computers, have an operating system installed, and we can improve their functions by downloading any applications on the Web. Then, in order to realize this basic idea, development of an application for the mobile devices is investigated through some computer simulations on the standard desktop PC in this paper. As a result, it is found that i) a developed feature map is useful to identify some candidate topics, ii) a touchscreen is suitable to show the feature map, and iii) arrangement of the feature map can be modified based on our interests. Then, it is concluded that the proposed idea seems to be applicable, even though further consideration is required to brush it up.

4차 산업혁명 시대의 사회경제적 발전은 모든 개인의 성장에 많은 새로운 요구와 도전을안겨주고 있다. 현대 사회의 사람들은 건강, 지식, 지성, 전문성 외에도 시대의 변화를 빠르게 흡수하고 적응할 수 있는 능력과 함께 도덕적, 인문학적 가치를 유지하고 지켜나가야 한다. 현대 사회에는 많은 도전과 압박이 있는 동시에 유혹과 함정이 존재하므로, 개인은 상황에 직면했을 때 윤리적, 인본주의적 가치에서 벗어나 부적절한 태도와 행동으로 이어지지 않도록 자기 조절 능력이 필요하다. 따라서 자기 통제 능력을 키우고 개발하는 것은 개인이 자신의 욕구를 충족시키기 위해 감정과 순간적인 욕구를 따르지 않고 올바른 방향으로 자기수양과 발전의 과정을 방해하지 않기 위해 매우 필요한 요소에 해당한다. 이 글에서는 아이들의 욕구와 자기 통제 능력의 관계, 무조건적인 욕구 충족이 가져오는 결과를 분석하고, 이를 통해 아이들의 자기 통제 능력을 개발하기 위한 올바른 방향을 제시한다.

Socio-economic development in the context of the 4.0 era is placing many new demands and challenges on every individual's growth. Besides health, knowledge, intellect, and expertise, people in modern society need to maintain and uphold moral and humanistic values along with the ability to quickly absorb and adapt to changes of the times. Modern society has many challenges as well as pressures, while at the same time there are temptations and traps. Therefore, individuals need the ability of self-regulation in the face of circumstances so as not to deviate from ethical and humanistic values, leading to inappropriate attitudes and behaviors. Thus, nurturing and developing self-control ability is an extremely necessary factor for an individual to not follow emotions and momentary desires just to satisfy their own needs, hindering the process of self-cultivation and development in the right direction. This article analyzes the relationship between children's needs and self-control ability, the consequences of unconditionally meeting children's needs, and from that provides the right orientations for developing children's self-control ability.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and examine the validity and reliability of a self-efficacy scale for preventive health management related to premature labor (PHMSE-PL) for women of childbearing age. Methods: Instrument development and validation were undertaken in three steps: conceptualization through a literature review and in-depth interviews, item generation and evaluation of content validity, and evaluation of construct validity and reliability. The content validity, factorial structure validity, and internal consistency reliability of the PHMSE-PL were evaluated, and cognitive interviewing was undertaken. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analyses, Cronbach's ?, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: The content validity was assessed by experts and was strengthened through cognitive interviews with women of childbearing age. The PHMSE-PL comprised 34 items across five factors. The construct validity of the PHMSE-PL was supported. Cronbach's ? for the total scale was .97 (95% CI=.96-.97). Conclusion: An evaluation of the psychometric properties of the PHMSE-PL scale found it to be a valid and reliable tool for women of childbearing age. The scale appears to be useful for women of childbearing age to self-assess their preventive health management self-efficacy related to premature labor and for health professionals to evaluate and promote women's preventive health management.

이 연구는 창업가가 갖추어야 할 능동적 실천자세인 앙트러프러너십(entrepreneurship)을 견지하며, 블로그를 통해 경제적 수익화를 실현하고자 하는 41~63세의 중장년 여성블로거 12명을 대상으로 수행되었다. 이들이 블로그 문화에서 경험한 자기계발의 의미를 탐색하기 위하여, Spradley의 문화기술적 연구(ethnographic research) 방법인 '발전식 연구순서 방법 (Developmental Research Sequence Method)'을 활용하였다. 연구 결과, 연구참여자들에게 블로그는 ‘학습을 통한 자기계발의 장’이었으며, 자기계발의 성과는 경제적 수익뿐만 아 니라 디지털 기술 역량과 사회관계적 자산까지 포괄하고 있었다. 이 과정에서 수익 경로를 안정적으로 확보한 ‘성공 확신형’과 수익모델을 탐색 중인‘잠재적 성장기대형’은 창 업가의 자세로 수익형 블로그 운영을 지속하고자 한다. 블로그 수익창출의 핵심 동인은 차 별화된 콘텐츠 생산능력이었으며, 이는 단기적 학습의 결과가 아닌 평생학습적 차원에서 지속해 온 학습역량의 발현이라는 점에 주목할 만하다. 한편 수익화의 한계에 직면한‘회 의적 유형’은 수익지향적 블로그 운영에는 부정적 태도를 보였으나, 이들 역시 블로그를 통한 자기계발의 의미를 인식하였기에, 각자가 추구하는 내적 가치에 적합한 방식으로 블 로그를 재정립하고자 했다. 더불어 이들은 동료와의 동반성장을 도모함과 동시에, 사회적 약자를 향한 공감과 연대를 통한 이타적 사회적 자본 축적을 지향하고자 함을 확인할 수 있었다.

This study focused on 12 middle-aged female bloggers (aged 41–63) who maintain entrepreneurship—the proactive practice required of entrepreneurs—and seek economic monetization through their blogs. To explore the meaning of self-development experienced by these participants within blog culture, the research employed the ethnographic approach of Spradley’s Developmental Research Sequence Method. The results revealed that for these participants, blogging served as a ‘field for self-development through learning,’ and the outcomes of this self-development encompassed not only economic profit but also digital technological capabilities and social relational assets. In this process, the ‘success-confident type,’ who has secured stable revenue channels, and the ‘potential growth-expectant type,’ who is exploring profit models, will continue to operate profit-oriented blogs based on entrepreneurship. It is noteworthy that the core driver of blog monetization was the ability to produce differentiated content, which is a manifestation of lifelong learning capabilities cultivated over time rather than a result of short-term learning. On the other hand, the ‘skeptical type,’ facing limitations in profitability, showed a negative stance toward profit-oriented blogging. Nevertheless, recognizing the value of self-development through the blog, they sought to redefine their blogs in a manner suited to their authentic inner values. Furthermore, the study confirmed that these individuals not only promote mutual growth with peers but also strive toward a transition into a value-oriented stage, accumulating altruistic social capital through empathy and solidarity with the socially underprivileged.

Background: The accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant increased the level of anxiety related to the radioactive contamination of various foods sourced in Japan. Particularly, after the accident, the detection of artificial radionuclides in locally produced foods raised food safety concerns. In this study, the radioactivity concentrations and annual ingestions of 40K and 137Cs in food products commonly and frequently consumed by the general public were investigated, and the annual effective dose of each was evaluated. Materials and Methods: The 2016–2018 data from the Radiation Safety Management Report released by the Korea Nuclear Safety Technology Center was referenced for the evaluation of the amounts of 40K and 137Cs contained in food. Using the food-ingestion survey mentioned above as a reference, we selected 62 foods to include in our radioactivity concentration and dose assessment. We also developed a questionnaire and evaluated the responses from the subjects who answered the questionnaire. Results and Discussion: The radioactivity concentration of 137Cs was found to be close to or below the level of minimum detectable activity. Additionally, the annual ingestion of 62 foods was 294.77 kg/yr, the effective doses from 40K and 137Cs were 136.4 and 0.163 μSv/yr, respectively. Conclusion: Thus, the findings confirmed that the effective dose from 40K and 137Cs in food tends to be lower than the effective dose limit of 1 mSv/yr suggested by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Publication 60. The questionnaire developed in this study is expected to be useful for estimating the annual effective dose status of Korean adults who consume foods containing 40K and 137Cs.

본 연구는 발달장애인의 자기결정 척도개발을 위한 개념화연구로서, Schwarts와 Kim(1986, 2000)이 제시한 개념분석 방법인 융합모형(hybrid model)분석을 이론적 분석틀로 활용하였다. 자기결정에 관 한 다양한 선행연구 고찰로 도출된 주요개념(이론분석)들을 중심으로 발달장애인의 부모 및 실천현 장 전문가들을 대상으로 하는 포커스 그룹 인터뷰를 실시하였고(현장분석), 이를 바탕으로 척도개발 을 위한 하위차원들을 최종적으로 선정하였다(최종분석). 주요 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저, 이론 분석단계에서 발달장애인의 자기결정은 자율성, 심리적 역량강화, 자아실현, 자기조절 및 권리인식 이라는 다섯 가지 주요 구성요소가 도출되었다. 또한 다섯 가지 구성요소들 간 역동적 관계성의 가능성도 드러났다. 이는 현장분석단계에서도 대부분 일치하는 것으로 나타났으나, 포커스 그룹 인 터뷰 내용을 반영하여, 자아실현은 자기이해로, 심리적 역량강화는 자아효능감으로, 자기조절은 맥 락적 자기통제로, 그리고 자율성은 타협된 자율성으로 각각 용어를 수정할 필요성이 제기되었다. 이러한 연구결과는 발달장애인의 자기결정 척도를 개발하는 데 중요한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있는 이론적인 함의가 존재한다.

This study aims to conceptualize self-determination of people with developmental disabilities in order to develop a scale that measures their level of self-determination in the social work fields. This study employed a methodology designed as three phases including theoretical analysis, fieldwork and final analysis, following the Hybrid model suggested by Schwartz-Barcoot and Kim (1986, 2000). The results showed that self-determination of people with developmental disabilities is characterized by five main components such as autonomy, psychological empowerment, self-realization, self-regulation and awareness of their own rights. There is also possibility of dynamic relationship among all the components of self-determination of people with developmental disability. However, the results of fieldwork suggest that some terms and expressions should be modified. The findings provide theoretical implications that can be used as the important basis for developing the measurement scale of self-determination among people with developmental disabilities.

The purpose of this study is to explore the meaning of the middle school sports club and to understand the impact on the self-esteem and social development of middle school students participating in the school sports club. To achieve the purpose of this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 450 students by selecting a middle school. Of the 420 collected questionnaires, 399 questionnaires were used as a valid sam-ple. As a result of examining seven areas of self-esteem, self-esteem in five areas excluding domestic ego and personality ego was highest in the group that participated in the league. As a result of examining the difference in social development according to the type of participation in school sports clubs, the league participation group was higher in all five areas. As a result of examining the difference in self-esteem ac-cording to the period of participation in school sports clubs, the group participating in the league was high in six areas excluding physical abil-ity, however, it was difficult to see a statistically significant difference. As for the factor related to physical ability, the group with the longest participation period of 13 months or longer was the highest, and there is a statistically significant difference. As a result of examining the differ-ence in social development according to the period of participation in school sports clubs, the group under 6 months was the highest in four areas other than physical activity. Physical activity was highest in the group over 13 months.