Earticle

본 연구에서는 국제합작투자의 소유구조와 경영통제 및 협력관계의 질을 중국에 투자한 한ㆍ중 합작투자기업을 대상으로 실증분석 하였다. 실증분석 결과 소유구조는 전반적 경영통제 수준과 정(+)의 상관관계를 가지나 선택적 통제와는 유의적인 관계를 가지지 않았다. 또한 균등지분구조는 비균등지분구조에 비해 절차적 공정성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 실증결과는 소유지분은 합작투자의 경영통제와 협력관계의 질에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 구조적 요인이 될 수 있음을 시사하고 있다.

This study empirically investigates the relationships among ownership, control and quality of cooperative relationship in international joint venture in China. The results show that ownership has an positive effect on overall control while it does not have a significant effect on selective control. the degree of procedural justice is found to be higher in shared controlled firms than dominant controlled ones. These imply that ownership can be a structural factor, which has a relation with the performance of international joint venture.

영상 감시 시스템은 다양한 실외 환경에서 실시간으로 수집되는 다채널 영상을 처리해야 하며, 저시정 환 경에서는 영상 품질이 급격히 저하되는 문제가 발생한다. 이를 해결하기 위한 인공지능(AI) 기반 영상 복원 기술 은 고품질 영상 복원을 가능하게 하지만, 높은 연산 자원 요구로 인해 모든 채널에 일괄 적용하기에는 실시간성 확보가 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 복원 기능을 채널별로 선택적으로 적용할 수 있는 선택적 제어 구조(Selective Control Architecture)를 제안하고, 온 디바이스 환경에서 구현된 시스템의 자원 효율성과 실시간 처리 성능을 실 험적으로 분석하였다. 실험 결과, 복원 기능의 적용 채널 수에 따라 GPU 사용률과 영상 출력 속도가 크게 달라지 는 것을 확인하였으며, 선택적 제어 구조가 자원 최적화와 시스템 안정성 확보에 효과적임을 입증하였다. 본 연구 는 AI 영상 복원 기술의 실시간 시스템 통합에 있어 유연하고 실용적인 구조 설계 방안을 제시하며, 향후 모델 경량화 및 병렬 처리 구조 확장을 통한 시스템 고도화를 계획하고 있다.

Video surveillance systems must process multi-channel real-time streams in various outdoor environments, where image quality often deteriorates under low-visibility conditions such as fog or haze. While AI-based video restoration techniques have shown promise in recovering high-quality images, their high computational demands make it difficult to apply them uniformly across all channels in real-time systems. This paper proposes a Selective Control Architecture that enables channel-wise activation of AI restoration functions. The system was implemented in an on-device environment using a CPU with integrated GPU, and its performance was evaluated by measuring GPU usage and frame rate under varying numbers of active restoration channels. The experimental results demonstrate that GPU load and processing speed significantly change depending on the number of channels using AI restoration, and that the proposed architecture effectively optimizes resource usage while maintaining system stability. This study provides a practical system-level solution for integrating AI-based restoration into surveillance platforms, and future work will focus on model compression and parallel processing to enhance real-time performance and scalability.

개인의 인지적 특성과 선택적 주의의 관계를 이해하는 것은 기본적인 인지처리 과정의 이해뿐만 아니라 병리학적으로도 의의가 있다. Bleckley 등(2003, 2015)은 인지적 통제능력이 높은 사람은 효율적 선택을 위해 대상을 중심으로 주의를 할당하는 반면(대상에 근거한 촉진 효과), 인지적 통제능력이 낮은 사람은 위치를 중심으로 넓게 주의를 할당한다고 주장하였다. 만약, 인지적 통제능력이 높은 사람에게서 관찰되는 대상에 근거한 촉진효과가 개인의 고정된 주의할당 방식이 아니라 효율성의 산물이라면, 대상에 근거한 선택이 효율적이지 않을 경우 촉진효과가 사라져야 할 것이다. 본 연구는 움직이는 대상 패러다임을 사용하여 위치효과와 대상효과를 보다 정확히 측정하였으며, 대상에 기반한 선택이 효율적이지 않은 상황에서 인지적 통제능력의 상위집단과 하위집단 간에 주의할당 방식의 차이가 나타나는 지를 살펴보았다. 실험 결과, 단서가 주어진 ‘위치’에 목표자극이 제시될 확률이 높다는 사전 정보를 주었을 때, 상위집단은, 하위집단과 달리, (위치와 분리된) 대상으로의 주의 할당을 억제하는 경향을 보였다. 반면에, 집단 간 (대상과 분리된) 위치효과의 차이는 유의하지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 대상효과가 개인의 인지적 통제능력과 관련이 있다는 기존의 이론을 지지할 뿐만 아니라 대상효과의 방향이 과제에 따라 유동적임을 시사한다.

Understanding the relationship between individuals’ cognitive abilities and selective attention has implications for both general cognitive mechanisms and characteristics of special populations. Bleckley et al. (2003, 2015) suggested that individuals with high cognitive control ability allocate attention effectively based on an object (i.e., object-based facilitation effect), whereas individuals with low cognitive control ability allocate attention broadly based on the location of the object. If those with high cognitive control ability use object-based attention for effective information processing, they should not allocate attention to an object, if selection based on the object is not effective. The present study examined how individuals with high cognitive ability and with low cognitive ability allocate their attention when the selection based on an object is not effective. We also attempted to measure location and object effects more accurately by moving a cued object to another location. The results revealed that when participants were informed that a target was more likely to occur at the cued location, only those with high cognitive ability showed an inhibition effect at the opposite end of the cued object (separated from its original location). In contrast, the magnitude of location effect (separated from the object) did not differ between the high and low control groups. Our findings not only support the view that object effect is related with cognitive control but also suggest that the direction of object effect varies across tasks.

최근 그린 IT 기술이 이슈화 되면서 전 세계적으로 탄소 배출을 낮추고 에너지 효율을 높일 수 있는 환경 친화적인 광원에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으며, 특히 고유가와 환경오염 등의 문제로 기존의 백열등이나 형광등을 대체하기 위한 새로운 광원으로 LED가 크게 주목을 받고 있다. 본 논문에서는 저전력, 고효율, 고휘도의 LED 모듈에 온도, 습도, 조도, 그리고 이동 감지 센서를 포함한 복합 센서 모듈을 조합하여 가로등을 지능화하고, ZigBee 모듈을 이용하여 가로등 간에 IT기술인 USN 망 융합을 통하여, 가로등 시스템을 중앙에서 모니터링하고 지역 특성에 따라 선택적으로 가로등의 점멸을 원격으로 제어함으로써 효과적으로 에너지 절약을 극대화할 수 있는 Ad-Hoc망 기반 LED-IT-Sensor 통합 가로등을 설계하고 구현하였다.

With the issue of a Green IT Technology, studies on a environment-friendly luminous source that can reduce Carbon discharge and increase energy efficiency are actively progressed all over the world. Especially, with the problems of high oil price and environmental pollution, LED has made a great attention as a new luminous source that can replace the existing incandescent bulbs and fluorescent lights. In this paper, the proposed streetlight system becomes more intellectual by combining the low power consuming, high efficient, and high luminous LED module with a complex sensor module with temperature, humidity, illumination and motion sensors. Then, we design and implement the Ad-Hoc based LED-IT-Sensor integrated streetlight system that can maximize the energy savings efficiently with central monitoring system and selective remote dimming control by connecting them to the wireless ubiquitous sensor network(USN) using a Zigbee module.

Non-stochiometric CdS:H films grown on polyethersulfon (PES) flexible polymer substrates at room temperature by R.F. sputtering technique. They exhibited a dark- and photo-sheet resistance of $2.7\times10^5$ and $\sim\;50\;{\Omega}$/square, respectively. These values were realized by an optimum control of both hydrogen doping-levels and the surface morphologies of the films. The comparison between the real and the simulated results for the shielding and the transmission by the free space measurement system in the X-band frequency range (8.2 - 12.4 GHz) was also addressed in this study. Samples overlapped with 13 layers of CdS:H/PES were consistent with the transmission results of pure aluminum metal films ($0.1\;{\Omega}$/square) deposited on PES substrates. As a result, by the simples tacking of the CdS:H/PES layers, the perfect control of the shielding and the transmission of the EM wave in the range of X-band frequency is possible by avisible light alone, and their results are especially very outstanding findings in the stealth function of the radome(Radar+Dome) such as aircrafts, ships, and missiles.

This paper presents a novel control strategy for selective compensation of power quality (PQ) problems, depending upon the limited rating of voltage source inverters (VSIs), through a unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) in a three-phase four-wire distribution system. The UPQC is realized by the integration of series and shunt active power filters (APFs) sharing a common dc bus capacitor. The shunt APF is realized using a three-phase, four-leg voltage source inverter (VSI), while a three-leg VSI is employed for the series APF of the three-phase four-wire UPQC. The proposed control scheme for the shunt APF, decomposes the load current into harmonic components generated by consumer and distorted utility. In addition to this, the positive and negative sequence fundamental frequency active components, the reactive components and harmonic components of load currents are decomposed in synchronous reference frame (SRF). The control scheme of the shunt APF performs with priority based schemes, which respects the limited rating of the VSI. For voltage harmonic mitigation, a control scheme based on SRF theory is employed for the series APF of the UPQC. The performance of the proposed control scheme of the UPQC is validated through simulations using MATLAB software with its Simulink and Power System Block set toolboxes.

Femtosecond laser micro-processing received much attention in the past decade. The nature of ultra-short light-matter interaction permits femtosecond laser to overcome the diffraction limit and realize precise micro-processing. The ultrahigh light intensity of the femtosecond laser allows sapece-selective microscopic modifications to materials based on multiphoton processes. In this paper, we review our recent research development on space-selective precipitation and control of functional crystals in glasses by an infrared femtosecond laser. The technique will open new possibilities in the fabrication of micro-optical components with various optical functions.

In this paper, two new flip-flop circuits with PCRAM latches that are FF-1 and FF-2, respectively, are proposed not to waste leakage during sleep time. Unlike the FF-1 circuit that has a normal PCRAM latch, the FF-2 circuit has a selective write latch that can reduce the switching activity in writing operation to save switching power at sleep-in moment. Moreover, a sequential sleep-in control is proposed to reduce the rush current peak that is observed at the sleep-in moment. From the simulation of storing '000000' to the PCRAM latch, we could verify that the proposed FF-1 and FF-2 consume smaller power than the conventional 45-nm FF if the sleep time is longer than $465{\mu}s$ and $95{\mu}s$, respectively, at $125^{\circ}C$. For the rush current peak, the sequential sleep-in control could reduce the current peak as much as 77%.

In a multi-hop wireless network, connectivity is determined by the link that is established by the receiving signal strength computed by subtracting the path loss from the transmission power. Two path loss models are commonly used in research, namely two-ray ground and shadow fading, which determine the receiving signal strength and affect the link quality. Link quality is one of the key factors that affect network performance. In general, network performance improves with better link quality in a wireless network. In this study, we measure the network connectivity and performance in a shadow fading path loss model, and our observation shows that both are severely degraded in this path loss model. To improve network performance, we propose power control schemes utilizing link quality to identify the set of nodes required to adjust the transmission power in order to improve the network throughput in both homogeneous and heterogeneous multi-hop wireless networks. Numerical studies to evaluate the proposed schemes are presented and compared.

In daily life, people are faced with situations that need cognitive control, that is, the ability to select goal-relevant information while ignoring information that is irrelevant to the goal. The current study sought to test whether individuals’ preferences for task-relevant or irrelevant information are associated with cognitive control abilities in the emotional domain. Towards this end, a total of 149 young adults were recruited in the study, and individuals’ preference scores for object and verbal information were measured using the Korean version of the Object-Spatial Imagery and Verbal Questionnaire. Individuals’ Stroop and conflict adaptation effects were also measured using a version of the face-word emotional Stroop task. The results showed that preference for task-relevant information was associated with overall conflict, and that preference for task-irrelevant information was associated with trial-to-trial adjustment in the emotional domain. These findings suggest that cognitive control in the emotional domain can be partly related to preferences for task-relevant and irrelevant information.

We proposed the infinity control principle to evaluate the Biological function. The H infinity control was applied to the Sodium (Na) ion selective gating channel on the excitable cellular membrane of the neural system. The channel opening, closing and inactivation processes were expressed by movements of three gates and one inactivation blocking particle in the channel pore. The rate constants of the channel state transition were set to be voltage dependent. The temporal changes in amounts per unit membrane area of the channel states were expressed by means of eight differential equations. The biochemical mimetic used to complete the Na ion selective channel was regarded as noise. The control inputs for ejecting the blocking particle with plugging in the channel pore were set for the active transition from inactivated states to a closed or open state. By applying the H infinity control, we computed temporal changes in the channel states, observers, control inputs and the worst case noises. The present paper will be available for evaluating the noise filtering function of the biological signal transmission system.

In this study, the simple preparation of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS)-patternedsubstrate via a selective ion irradiation was investigated to manipulate cell adhesion. PSS thin filmsspin-coated onto the hydrophobic polystyrene (PS) was patterned through masked 150 keV protonirradiation followed by developing with deionized water. The characteristics of the resulting PSSpatternedsurfaces were investigated by using microscope, surface profiler, FT-IR, XPS, and contactangle analyzer. These analytical results revealed that the resolved 100 μm PSS patterns wereformed on the hydrophobic PS surface above the fluence of 1×1015 ions cm-2 and the chemicalstructure, composition, and wettability of the PSS patterns were dependant on a fluence. Moreover,the results of the in-vitro cell culture and proliferation assay exhibited that H1299 cells preferentiallyadhered and proliferated onto the more hydrophilic PSS part of the PSS-patterned PSand the well-aligned cell patterns was formed on the PSS-patterned PS particularly at the fluenceof 1×1015 ions cm-2.

최근 사용자와 컴퓨터 간의 상호작용을 통하여 컴퓨터를 제어하는 시스템이 활발하게 연구되고 있으며, 특히 사람의 손 인식에 관한 연구가 많이 이루어지고 있다. 현재까지는 하나의 디바이스에서 사람의 손인식 정확도를 높이는 연구와 손동작을 통하여 디바이스를 제어하는 연구가 주를 이루고 있지만, 손 인식 기술이 여러 산업분야에 적용됨에 따라 다양한 환경과 상황에 적용하기 위하여 다중 디바이스 간의 시스템을 선택적으로 제어하는 연구가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 사용자의 손 인식을 통하여 두 개의 디바이스 중에서 선택적으로 하나의 디바이스를 제어하고자 한다. 더불어 6가지의 조건을 포함한 환경에서 실험을 통해 두 디바이스 간의 선택적 손 인식의 성공률을 높이기 위한 환경을 제시하고자 한다.

Extensive researches on PC control system via interaction between PC and users are being conducted recently, especially on human finger recognition in the electronic devices. Heretofore, researches on methods to improve the accuracy of finger recognition in a single device and to control the devices with it have been the mainstream, whereas many different industries where finger recognition become more utilized are demanding researches on methods to selectively control the system of multiple devices for applications in various environments and situations. This article demonstrates attempts to selectively control one of two devices through finger recognition. Along with this, experiments conducted with 6 variable conditions are demonstrated here, where the optimal condition to increase the rate of successful selective finger recognition between two devices is studied.

지금까지 분산-큐 이중-버스(DQDB)의 공정성을 위한 제어는 대부분 평형 트래픽, 대칭형 트래픽, 역대칭형 트래픽 같은 특정 트래픽를 대상으로 연구하였다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 특정 트래픽이 아닌 일반적인 트래픽 형태인 클라이언트-서버 트래픽 환경에서 DQDB 네트워크의 대역폭을 모든 스테이션에 공평하게 분배 할 수 있는 효율적인 제어 방식을 제안한다. 제안한 방식은 접근 임계값을 기준으로 서버에게는 APS(Access Protection Scheme)를 적용하고, 클라이언트에게는 접근 임계값만으로 대역 폭 할당을 제어한다. 시뮬레이션을 통하여 다른 방식보다 제안한 방식이 더 우수하다는 것을 확인하였다.

A fairness control method for Distributed-Queue Dual-Bus(DQDB) has been studied under specific traffic types such as equal probability traffic, symmetric traffic and asymmetric traffic. To distribute DQDB network bandwidth fairly to all stations under general traffic such as a client-server traffic that differs from specific traffic types, we propose an effective fairness control method. Based on an access limit, the proposed mechanism applies two bandwidth control mechanisms to DQDB networks. One is the mechanism that is called APS(Access Protection Scheme) for servers. And another is the mechanism that controls the allocation of bandwidth only using an access limit lot clients. Simulation results show that it outperforms other mechanisms.

기존에 제작되어 현재 운영되고 있는 웹기반 코스웨어들은 개인의 수준들을 적절하게 적용하지 못하고 있다. 본 논문은 학습자 개개인이 직접 학습내용, 학습목표, 학습 범위로 수업내용을 구성할 수 있으며 구성한 학습내용을 직접 압축하여 코스웨어에서 실행할 수 있도록 설계하였다. 미리 짜여진 선형학습방식이 아닌 선택성을 부여한 학습방법으로 지속적인 학습의 동기가 유발되고 학습방법을 유지할 순 있으며 학습내용을 구성하여 각자의 능력을 최대한 발휘하여 자신의 흥미와 욕구에 맞는 학습이 가능하다. 그러므로 학습방식에 대한 높은 만족도와 학습내용에 대한 학업성취도를 극대화시킬 수 있었다.

The web based coursewares that are operating currently can not support individual studying capabilities appropriately. To solve this problem, this paper can provide individual students with a tool that makes contents of lessons to be organized according to study subjects, study objective, and study scope by students. And it is designed for study contents to be condensed into a courseware and be operated in a courseware. Also this method can continuously stimulate a study motivation by providing selective control system without a predefined linear study plan. And it also can have the contents of study coincide with their interests and needs. Therefore this method maximizes accomplishments for the study contents and satisfaction for way of study.

이 논문은 무선 센서 네트워크에서 최소 파워 구성 방법을 이용하여 에너지를 효율적으로 사용하면서 네트워크의 수명을 늘리고 지연(delay)을 줄이는 방안을 제시한다. 지금까지 에너지를 효율적으로 사용하기 위해 topology control, power-aware routing, sleep management 방법을 각각 독립적으로 연구되었는데 최소파워 구성은 위의 3가지 방법을 통합 최적화하여 에너지 효율적 사용 문제에 접근한다. 이러한 최소파워 구성 방법을 이용하여 선택적 웨이트 컨트롤(Selective weight control) 알고리즘을 제안하여 네트워크 전체 수명을 연장시키고 지연을 줄일 수 있다. 이 알고리즘은 각 노드가 주기적으로 잔류에너지를 인접노드들과 공유하여 에너지 랭크(rank)값을 유지한 상태에서 최소 에너지 경로를 사용하면서 에너지가 주위 노드들보다 작아질 때는 에너지가 많은 노드가 경로에 포함이 되도록 하여 특정 노드가 에너지 고갈되지 않고 네트워크내의 각 노드가 고르게 에너지를 소모하게 한다.