Earticle

본 연구는 유권자의 후보자에 대한 감성 혹은 이성적 가치인식과 지지에 관한 연구 이다. 이를 위해 유권자가 정치후보자 또는 정치인에 대한 이성적 혹은 감성적인 인식 이 정책신뢰, 소통 기대감, 그리고 정치인에 대한 선택과 지속적인 지지에 영향을 주는 가를 확인하였다. 또한 연구자는 감성적 인식과 지지에 관한 연구모형을 제시하고, 유 권자의 진보, 보수 정치적 성향에 따른 차이가 있는지도 확인하였다. 이를 위해 연구자 는 2012년과 2013년 사이에 온라인 샘플 271명으로 조사하였다. 연구결과 유권자들의 정치인에 대한 감성적 가치인식은 이성적 가치 인식에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으며, 정책에 대한 신뢰도에도 영향을 주는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 정책 신뢰는 소통에 대한 기대와 정치인에 대한 계속 지지에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 유권자 의 정치인에 대한 감성적 가치인식이 종속변수인 계속 지지에 영향을 미치는 경로와 모 형을 확인할 수 있었다. 유권자의 정치적 성향에 따른 조절변수의 확인의 경우, 보수 성 향 유권자의 정치인에 대한 감성적 인식이 이성적 인식에 더 많은 영향을 미쳤으며, 정 책 신뢰도 지지에 더욱 영향을 미친 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 반면 진보 성향 유권자는 소통에 대한 기대감이 지지에 더욱 큰 영향을 미친 것을 확인할 수 있었으나 통계적으 로 유의미하진 않았다. 상기 연구결과는 유권자의 감성적 인식이 지지에 영향을 준다는 통합적 연구모형을 검증하였다는데 의미가 있으며, 특히 진보와 보수 유권자 그룹간의 정치적 선택경로의 차이를 확인하였다는 점에서 이론적, 실무적 공헌점이 있는 연구라 고 할 수 있다.

This paper presents and tests an integrated model for how voters develop and maintain support for politicians. We argue that voters' "emotional value perceptions" of a politician influence their "rational value perceptions;" that both types of cognitive perceptions influence their trust in a politician and his/her policy pledges; and that this trust influences voters' ongoing support for the politician, both directly and indirectly through their expectations for how the politician will communicate with them. Further, we argue that the relative importance of these variables in this cognitive process will vary depending on the ideological persuasion of citizens. We test this model using an online questionnaire administered to a sample of 271 voters for the period between December 2012 and May 2013, which followed the presidential election in South Korea. Results provide support for our overall model, and suggest that emotional value perception strongly affects conservative voters' rational perception and trust in politicians and their policy pledges, while communication expectations may be a factor in garnering the political support of progressive voters. Taken as a whole this paper provides new insights into the psychology of voters' decision making in the age of digital communication.

This paper aims to describe aspectual expressions and their semantic interpretations in English sentences, and to discuss their aspectuality with regard to the language universal categories of aspect from a perspective of Typology. First, the mechanism expressing aspectuality in English contains two elements; the lexical element and the grammatical element. The basic lexical elements in determining aspectual meanings are the aspectual types of verbs in the sentences. However, the semantic interpretations of the sentences are also affected by other lexical factors, such as the semantic features of various verbal complements including the boundness of arguments. Second, the grammatical method of expressing aspectuality in English is to use the aspect forms of progressive or perfect. The progressive form in English is a typical aspect category of expressing ‘Progressive' from a typological perspective. Furthermore, it can also express other aspectual meanings corresponding to the language universal categories of ‘Imperfective' or ‘Habitual', according to the aspectual types of the verbs. Third, the perfect form of English is the grammatical method of expressing diverse aspectual meanings corresponding to ‘Perfective', ‘Resultatives' and ‘Continuous', as one form. Moreover, these meanings of English perfect form are not the same as those of ‘Perfective'. Therefore, perfect form should be regarded as a new independent aspect category of ‘Perfect', which expresses the aspectual meaning of ‘the relevance to a reference time'.

The concentration-efficiencyh of blue dextran solution in the progressive freeze-concentration was related to the freezing conditions such as the freezing speed and the stirring speed in the solution phase. From the theoreticla balance equation of heat and mass transfer at freezing front, the relationship between the freezing conditions and the ice structure at freezing front was drived. A high freeze-concentration efficiency was obtained under the operating conditions represented by a low speed of freezing and a high speed of stirring. The operating conditions were related to a smooth solid-liquid interface and these results were well explained by the theoretical equation. Effect of the solute component size on the concentration efficiency in the progressive freezeconcentration was also tested. The concentration efficiency of latex particles showed a lower value than that of blue dextran, however, its difference was insignificant.

Progressive muscular atrophy (PMA) is a rare disease involving lower motor neuron degeneration. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HypoPP) is a genetic disorder that causes temporary muscle paralysis due to decreased serum potassium levels. Mutations in the CACNA1S gene cause HypoPP. An altered locus closely linked near the CACNA1S gene suggests the possibility of motor neuron degeneration. However, PMA with HypoPP is very rare worldwide because HypoPP usually causes progressive muscle weakness involving a form of myopathy without motor neuron disease. In this report, we describe the case of a 64-year-old man who initially complained of weakness in only the left lower extremity, which subsequently progressed bilaterally. Hence, the patient was diagnosed with PMA with HypoPP based on serial electromyography and the presence of a CACNA1S mutation. Therefore, serial electromyography is necessary for middle-aged patients with progressive muscle weakness and a history of HypoPP.

Bilateral facial palsy, which is usually combined with other diseases, occurs infrequently. It may imply a life-threatening condition. Therefore, the differential diagnosis of bilateral facial palsy is important. However, the etiology is variable, which makes diagnosis challenging. We report a rare case of progressive bilateral facial palsy as a manifestation of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). A 40-year-old male with otitis media and right facial palsy was referred for electroneurography (ENoG), which showed a 7.7% ENoG. Left facial palsy occurred after 2 weeks, and multiple cavitary opacities were noted on chest images. GPA was diagnosed by lung biopsy. His symptoms deteriorated and mononeuropathy multiplex developed. The possibility of systemic disease, such as GPA, should be considered in patients presenting with bilateral facial palsy, the differential diagnosis of which is summarized in this report.

Foix-Chavany-Marie syndrome (FCMS), or bilateral anterior opercular syndrome, is a rare form of pseudobulbar palsy characterized by an automatic-voluntary dissociation of the facio-pharyngo-glosso-masticatory muscles. Although dysphagia is a major clinical feature of FCMS, few studies have described its longitudinal progression, particularly in the context of epileptic encephalopathy. This paper reports a 32-year-old male with long-standing Lennox-Gastaut syndrome secondary to childhood herpes simplex encephalitis who developed FCMS with rapidly progressive dysphagia. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed multifocal old infarcts involving the bilateral frontoparietal opercular regions on a background of chronic encephalomalacia. Clinically, the patient exhibited classic automatic-voluntary dissociation. Serial videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSS) over two months revealed rapid deterioration, from selective penetration with preserved semisolid swallowing to universal silent aspiration across all consistencies. Unlike typical FCMS caused by acute bilateral ischemic stroke, this case suggests a cumulative, epileptic network-mediated mechanism. The VFSS findings support a functional decompensation model, in which exhaustion of the swallowing network reserve may lead to abrupt functional collapse without radiologic evidence of a new structural lesion. Serial VFSS provides critical functional insight into the disease progression in FCMS and may guide appropriate decisions regarding long-term enteral nutrition.

Objective: To examine changes in balance and gait in patients with stroke through progressive velocity underwater gait training and to identify effective methods of aquatic rehabilitation. Design: Randomized controlled study Methods: Forty-five participants diagnosed with stroke were randomly divided into three groups: progressive velocity underwater gait training (PUG) (n=15), comfortable velocity underwater gait training (CUG) (n=15), and control (n=15). The participants received underwater gait training for 30 minutes, three times per week for six weeks. All participants were assessed using the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, the 10 Meter Walking Test (10MWT), and the Fugl-Myer Assessment (FMA), pre-and post-intervention. Results: Post-intervention, there were significant improvements in all parameters (p<0.05). The improvements in the parameters for the PUG group were significantly greater than for those of the CUG and control groups (p<0.05). Moreover, the improvements in the parameters for the CUG group were significantly different for the MRC scale, the BBS, and the TUG test compared to those for the control group (p<0.05), but not for the 10 MWT and the FMA (p>0.05). Conclusions: This study showsthat progressive velocity aquatic gait training is effective in improving balance and gait, and suggests an effective strategy foraquatic rehabilitation.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a combination of progressive scapular stabilization exercises, neck and thoracic spine mobilization, and thermoelectric physical therapy on pain, range of motion, muscle strength, and function in patients with acute whiplash injury. Design: A randomized controlled trial design. Methods: A total of 24 subjects were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=12) that performed scapular stabilization exercises, neck and thoracic spine mobilization, and physiotherapy, and a control group (n=12) that only performed neck and thoracic spine mobilization and physiotherapy. The pre-test was conducted before the intervention and consisted of a total of 12 treatment sessions of 60 minutes each, three times a week. A posttest was conducted 4 weeks later. Pain, range of motion, muscle strength, and function were assessed before and after intervention. Results: The results of the study showed that there was a significant difference in pain reduction and range of motion and muscle strength improvement in the experimental group, and a significant difference was also found between the experimental group and the control group in terms of functional evaluation. Conclusions: The combination of exercise therapy and joint mobilization technique and physical therapy resulted in greater improvements in pain, range of motion, strength, and function assessment, contributing to improved overall function.

Purpose: This study aims to compare the effect on balance during core and ankle muscle strengthening exercises using the Thera-Band. Methods: 21 healthy college students were recruited. The participants were divided into a core strengthening group (CSG), an ankle strengthening group (ASG), and a non-exercise group (NEG). CSG and ASG were performed twice a week for a total of 4 weeks, and static and dynamic balance were measured before and after the intervention. The static balance were measured as stability index and weight distribution index using Tetrax^®. The dynamic balance was measured in each direction by the Y balance test. The Thera-Band intensity was increased after 2 weeks of exercise, and the exercise was subsequently performed. Results: Participants showed static balance with Tetrax^®, a significant difference was noted between normal eye closes and pillow with eye closes in ASG (p<0.05). In the case of dynamic balance with the Y balance test, a significant difference was observed in posterolateral direction (PL) and composite score (CS) between each group for the pre- and post-intervention differences (p<0.05). A significant difference was observed between PL and CS in CSG (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings show that the progressive Thera-Band exercise had a positive effect on balance abilities. It was confirmed that core strengthening was effective for dynamic balance, and ankle strengthening was effective for static balance.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of progressive resistance training (PRT) on body composition, physical fitness, quality of life, lipid and nutritional profile of patients on hemodialysis (HD). Methods: A non equivalent comparison group pretest and posttest design study was used with 40 participants who were randomly assigned to the exercise group (20 participants) and the comparison group (20 participants). The exercise group received PRT for 30 minutes per session, 3 sessions a week, for 12 weeks, while the comparison group received usual care. The PRT consisted of upper and lower body exercises using elastic bands and sandbags. Outcome measures evaluated were: body composition, physical fitness, quality of life, and lipid profile. Results: Skeletal muscle mass, grip, leg muscle strength, and quality of life all improved significantly in the exercise group. Body fat rate, total cholesterol and triglyceride rate decreased significantly in the exercise group. Conclusion: These results suggest that PRT improves body composition, physical fitness, quality of life, and lipid profile of patients on HD. PRT using elastic bands and sandbags can be utilized as part of a regular care plan for these patients.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of combining progressive lumbar stabilization exercises with a self-breathing exercise program on psychosocial status, transversus abdominis muscle (TrA) thickness and contraction ratio, and pulmonary function in female university students aged 20-29 years with lumbar instability. Design: A randomized controlled trial Methods: Thirty-one female university students with lumbar instability who met the inclusion criteria participated in this randomized controlled trial. Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental (n=16) and control (n=15) groups. Both groups performed progressive lumbar stabilization exercises, while the experimental group additionally completed a self-breathing exercise program. Outcome measures included the Korean version of the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, TrA thickness and contraction ratio, and pulmonary function testing. All outcomes were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: After the intervention, the experimental group showed significant improvements in TrA thickness, contraction ratio, and all pulmonary function variables (forced vital capacity [FVC], peak expiratory flow, maximal voluntary ventilation, forced expiratory volume in 1 second) (p<0.05). In the control group, only FVC showed a significant improvement (p<0.05). Between-group analysis demonstrateda significant difference in FVC (p<0.05). Conclusions: The combination of progressive lumbar stabilization exercises and a self-breathing exercise program significantly improved FVC among female university students with lumbar instability (p<0.05). These findings indicate that the combined intervention enhances pulmonary function by improving respiratory muscle coordination and chest wall expansion and may serve as foundational evidence for developing intervention programs targeting lumbar stability and pulmonary function.

Background: Stroke patients commonly suffer from balance impairments that limit functional activities, such as walking difficulties. Robot-assisted gait training is gaining attention as an effective rehabilitation strategy for balance and gait in stroke rehabilitation. Objects: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of progressive velocity robot-assisted gait training (PRG) on balance and gait abilities in stroke patients. Methods: All subjects were randomly divided into three groups: PRG (n = 12); comfortable speed robot-assisted gait training (CRG) (n = 12); and control group (n = 16). Subjects in PRG and CRG underwent robot-assisted gait training for 30 minutes, three times a week for six weeks. And the control group performed overground gait training using a treadmill at the same frequency and for the same amount of time as the experimental group. All Subjects were assessed for muscle strength, balance, gait and motor function pre- and post-intervention. Results: The study results showed that all subjects showed significant differences in all measurements post-intervention (p < 0.05). Additionally, PRG was found to significantly improve in Medical Research Council (MRC) and Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) compared to CRG, and CRG showed significant differences compared to the control group in MRC, Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Timed Up and Go test (TUG) (p < 0.05). PRG exhibited significant differences in all areas in the between-group comparison with the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that PRG may be effective strategy to improve balance and gait ability for with stroke.

Three-dimensional micromechanics models were created for cross-ply carbon fiber/epoxy composite with a layer stacking-sequence arranged in $[0/90]_s$. Elasto-plastic finite element (FE) analysis was performed to study the effects of thermal residual stress and the stress redistribution as individual fiber fractures. The modified Rice and Tracey (RT) void growth model was used to predict the location of transverse matrix crack. The stress amplification factors (SAF) in intact fibers adjacent to a fractured fiber were calculated and compared with the planar array composite. The FE results show that small defects have already formed in curing process, and ply-delamination is likely to occur near the corner of free-edges. The transverse matrix crack was predicted to occur near the fiber fracture location in the models having little inter-fiber spacing.

Purpose: Postoperative pain and decreased bowel movements are common complications followinglaparoscopic cholecystectomy. This study aimed to investigate the effect of progressive relaxation exerciseson pain and bowel movements after this procedure. Methods: The data of the randomized controlled experimental study were collected between Januaryand April 2024 in the general surgery clinic of a university hospital. The study sample consisted of 80patients (40 experimental and 40 control) selected by simple randomization who met the researchcriteria. Patients in the experimental group underwent progressive relaxation exercises at the fourthand sixth hours after surgery. The Descriptive Information Form, Visual Analog Scale Pain Form, andBowel Movement Monitoring Form were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using Chi-squaretests, independent-samples t-tests, the Mann?Whitney U test, generalized estimating equations, andPearson correlation analysis. Results: The mean pain scores of the patients in the experimental group after the first application,before the second application, and after the second application were statistically significantly lowerthan those of the patients in the control group (p < .05). The generalized estimating equations analysisrevealed a statistically significant increase in the effect of progressive relaxation exercises on painreduction over time (p < .05). The time of the first bowel sounds, first flatus, and first defecation werestatistically and significantly earlier in the experimental group than in the control group (p < .05). Conclusion: Progressive relaxation exercises decreased postoperative pain and shortened the time to thefirst bowel movements, the first flatus, and the first defecation in patients undergoing laparoscopiccholecystectomy.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) on the quality of life of women during postpartum period. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used. The participants consisted of primiparous women who had experienced a vaginal birth in the obstetrics department of a hospital. Thirty women in the intervention group and 30 women in the control group were included. Data were collected using the Maternal Postpartum Quality of Life Questionnaire (MAPP-QoL) between June 2016 and April 2017. PMR was applied to the intervention group. PMR was performed as contracting a muscle group and then relaxing it, moving (or progressing) from one muscle group to another. Results: The mean pretest and posttest scores of the MAPP-QoL in the intervention group were 24.43 ( 4.58 and 26.07 ( 4.58, respectively (t 食 2.73, p < .05). The mean pretest and posttest scores of the MAPP-QoL in the control group were 23.29 ( 4.37 and 21.99 ( 5.58, respectively (t 食 2.23, p < .05). The difference between the mean scores of the women in the intervention and control groups before PMR was not statistically significant (t 食 0.99, p > .05), whereas the difference between the groups after PMR was found to be statistically significant (t 食 3.09, p < .05). Conclusion: Postpartum quality of life of women was increased after PMR. It is recommended that PMR be taught to women who are admitted to obstetrics and outpatient clinics and home visits be completed to expand the use of PMR.

In point cloud registration, the combination of global and local features provides a comprehensive representation of point cloud data. Previous registration methods predominantly relied on a single type of feature. For instance, correspondence matching-based methods require stringent criteria for the uniqueness of input point clouds, and the quality of feature extraction significantly influences the accuracy of registration results. Global feature-based methods capture the overall geometric information of the inputs; however, the absence of local information often leads to the neglect of the adverse effects caused by non-overlapping points. In this paper, we present DFPINet, an iterative network based on dual feature extraction and progressive feature interaction for partial-to-partial point cloud registration of small-scale object point clouds. We use a dual branch structure to individually extract both global and local features, fully utilizing the geometric characteristics of the point cloud. Additionally, the progressive feature interaction operation enhances feature connections and mitigates the effect of non-overlapping points. Experimental results demonstrate that our method surpasses existing registration approaches in both accuracy and robustness.

The paper lists problems in defining information and knowledge and also in differentiating between the two. It separately describes physical, economic and cognitive properties of information and knowledge. A long drawn comparative chart of the nature, characteristics and properties of knowledge and information is given. In addition it explains their relation with wisdom. The paper emphasizes that knowledge is only a human preserve. Also it finds common grounds and mutual dependence between information, knowledge and wisdom. The purpose is to clear confusion between knowledge and information, and find their relation with wisdom and tradition by placing these in value added and evolutionary chain: Signals--data-- Information--Knowledge--Wisdom--Tradition.

The retinal degenerative disease, progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) is a major reason of vision impairment in canine population. Canine PRA signifies an inherently dissimilar category of retinal dystrophies which has solid resemblances to human retinis pigmentosa. Even though much is known about the biology of PRA, the knowledge about the intricate connection among genetic loci, genes and pathways associated to this disease in dogs are still remain unknown. Therefore, we have performed a genome wide association study (GWAS) to identify susceptibility single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PRA. The GWAS was performed using a case?control based association analysis method on PRA dataset of 129 dogs and 135,553 markers. Further, the gene-set and pathway analysis were conducted in this study. A total of 1,114 markers associations with PRA trait at p < 0.01 were extracted and mapped to 640 unique genes, and then selected significant (p < 0.05) enriched 35 gene ontology (GO) terms and 5 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways contain these genes. In particular, apoptosis process, homophilic cell adhesion, calcium ion binding, and endoplasmic reticulum GO terms as well as pathways related to focal adhesion, cyclic guanosine monophosphate)-protein kinase G signaling, and axon guidance were more likely associated to the PRA disease in dogs. These data could provide new insight for further research on identification of potential genes and causative pathways for PRA in dogs.

Lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy (LRPN) can involve various parts of nerve roots and plexus and present with various symptoms and signs. LRPN can be caused by metabolic, inflammatory, traumatic, oncologic and autoimmune disorders. Electrodiagnostic study (EDX) is important to localize the involvement of lumbosacral lesion. In addition to EDX, additional tests including serum, cerebrospinal fluid and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are also required to clarify the cause of lesion. In this case, a 63-year-old man with diabetes and history of traffic accident suffered from severe pain and motor weakness on the left lower extremity. Initially, he was diagnosed with lumbar polyradiculopathy based on EDX. However, final diagnosis was confirmed as diabetic LRPN by second EDX and MRI, which means progressive pattern of disease from polyradiculopathy to plexopathy.