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Many undergraduate AI courses have the learning objective that students are able to precisely define different classes of AI problems and to apply core algorithmic techniques to them. Due to the great breadth of the field of AI, however, introductory AI courses typically include a heterogenous collection of topics and techniques. For this reason, AI courses risk appearing incoherent to students, who can find it challenging to understand how different AI topics relate to each other. We have found that assigning a tightly integrated series of programming projects using a computer game environment has lent unity to our AI course by providing students with a common platform for solving many different kinds of AI problems. In this paper, we introduce a set of useful computer games to use for introductory AI courses. And then we describe our experiences and lessons from utilizing some of them in our AI courses.

인공지능이 4차 산업혁명 시대의 핵심 기술로 주목받는 가운데, 인공지능에 대한 기본적인 소양을 길러주기 위한 교육의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 초 · 중등학생을 위한 프로젝트 기반의 AI 교육 프로그램을 개발하여 적용하고 그 효과를 분석하였다. 본 연구에 참여한 학생들은 3인 1조로 편성되어 2박 3일 일정의 프로젝트 학습을 수행하였으며, 이 과정에서 자신이 원하는 문제를 선택하고 인공지능 기술을 활용해 이 를 해결하는 구체적인 산출물을 제작하였다. AI 프로젝트 수업의 효과를 알아보기 위해 활동 전후 학습자의 인 공지능에 대한 태도와 효능감의 변화를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, AI 프로젝트 수업 이후 인공지능에 대한 태도와 효능감 모두에서 통계적으로 유의미한 수준의 긍정적인 변화가 확인되었다. 이러한 변화는 인지된 프로그래밍 언어 활용 수준이 높을수록, 프로젝트 학습에 대한 흥미 수준이 높을수록 더욱 뚜렷하게 나타났다.

While artificial intelligence (AI) is attracting attention as a core technology in the era of the 4th industrial revolution, needs for artificial intelligence education to cultivate AI literacy is emerging. In this regard, we developed and applied a project-based AI education program for elementary and middle school students, and analyzed its effects. Participants were assigned into teams with three members, and each team engaged in a project-based AI education program for two nights and three days. In the project, they selected an real-world problem they wanted and devised an AI-enabled artifact to solve it. The effectiveness of the program was investigated with the changes in attitude and efficacy of learners toward artificial intelligence. The results showed that the AI project learning positively changed both attitudes and efficacy toward artificial intelligence at a statistically significant level. This change was more pronounced as the level of perceived programming skills increased, and the level of interest in the project learning increased.

For many capacity expansion problems, distinct capacity types must be specified to identify capacity at different locations or capacities with different costs and operating characteristics. In this study, a project-sequencing model is developed that allows operating costs to influence the timing decisions for project establishment. Under certain conditions, the power expansion formulation is derived that may be solved through the dynamic programming approach, and its first application to planning in electric power systems is selected to investigate an optimal policy and to show the impact of requiring system to service more than one type of demand. Several sample testing results indicate that in some systems the efficiency of the large nuclear plants is higher than that of smell ones that it may overcome the effects of the drop in reliability.

In recent, android application developments have been done widely that intensify smart phone utilization. In this paper, we propose a curriculum that undergraduate students can improve their mobile programming abilities as well as integrate experiences of application development based on android. And also a series of practices to advance their sense of accomplishment are added by offering an opportunity to carry out a real project to use a variety of sensors embedded in smart phone during the course of study. The project is composed of a series of modules for implementing a trekking App that helpful to people who enjoy spending time in outdoors through their favorite activities such as trekking, cycling, and climbing with their own smart phones. Through practical curriculum operation and project implementation, we show that the proposed curriculum is appropriate to a mobile programming education that combine learning and practice.

This paper demonstrates the application of a Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and Zero-One Goal Programming model for selecting interdependent information system project selection, there are a few research for interdependent IS project selection. Effective project evaluation necessities incorporating the many conflicting objectives of decision maker(s) into decision models. Among the many proposed methodologies of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM), Goal Programming (GP) is the most popular and widely used. The model departs from an earlier GP formulation of the problem that suggested QFD method for selection of priorities among the considered attributes or criteria. The application of the proposed methodology illustrated through an example.

컴퓨터 교육은 더 이상 소양 교육에 머무를 것이 아니라, 컴퓨터 과학의 원리를 가르쳐 논리적 사고력과 창의력 계발 등 지식정보화 시대의 진정한 사회인으로의 양성을 목적으로 변화해야 한다. 이 모적에 부합하는 것이 프로그래밍 교육이다. 본 연구는 교사들이 초등학교 학생들에게 프로그래밍 교육을 할 때에, 프로젝트를 기반으로 하여 적절한 프로그래밍 교육을 할 수 있는 학습 모형을 개발하고 실제 현장에서 적용하여 효과를 검증하는 데 연구의 목적이 있다. 즉 교육현장에서 초등학교 학생들에게 적용할 프로그래밍 교육에 대한 방법적인 모형을 제안하여 교육방법 개선에 기여하고자 한다.

The computer education has not to remain literacy education but to change with object of training a member of real society which is logic in thinking, initiativeness in suit with the knowledge information-oriented society by teaching the theory of computer science. This study examined effects and applied by means of developing project- based programming teaching model for elementary students in a classroom when teachers instruct programming education This study is expected to contribute to make computer teaching methods better, by providing teachers with teaching models of computer programming education for elementary students.

In real world, the organization has multiple objects. Inorder to solve the multiple objects, we present the goal programming for solving project selection problem we also developed expert system which is focused on function of analysis. User which doesn't have knowledge of goal programming can solve the project selection problem and get a result of analysis.

현재 특성화 고등학교에서는 프로젝트 학습을 통하여 실제 현장과 유사한 과정으로 학습을 하려 노력하고 있다. 이는 학생들이 산업 현장에서 바로 투입될 수 있는 인재를 양성하기 위함이다. 본 연구에서의 수업모형은 기존의 ADDIE 모형을 변형하여 수업에 맞게 모형을 설계하고 타당성을 검증하기 위하여 실제 증강현실 프로그래밍 수업을 운영할 수 있게 하였다. 운영결과로 학습자들의 만족도와 성취도가 높게 나타났으며, 실제 현장에서 개발한 것처럼 문제를 해결하는 능력이 향상되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서의 증강현실 프로그래밍을 활용한 프로젝트 학습을 통하여 현장과 밀접한 수업모형을 개발한 것에 의의가 있다.

Currently, vocational high schools are trying to learn through project learning and similar courses. This is to nurture talented students who can be directly involved in the industrial field. In this study, we modified the existing ADDIE model, designed the model for the class, and operated the actual augmented reality programming class to verify the validity. As a result of the operation, the learners' satisfaction and achievement were high, and the ability to solve the problem was improved as it was developed in the actual field. In this study, it is meaningful to develop a teaching model closely related to the field through the project learning using the augmented reality programming.

본 연구의 목적은 코로나-19로 인한 비대면 상황가운데 프로그래밍 과목을 프로젝트법으로 운영한 교수자의 교육과정 운영에 대한 사례연구를 통하여 시사점을 도출하는 데에 있다. 1학년 신입생 학생들을 대상으로 프로젝트 실시 전에 학생들의 학습상태를 판단하고자 설문을 실시하였다. 설문결과를 바탕으로 개인별 면담을 진행하여 교육에 대한 니즈를 파악 후, 프로젝트 구성을 위한 기본 문법과 프로젝트의 각 단계를 분절하는 강의를 구성하였다. 주간 퀴즈를 통한 반복학습을 유도하였으며 프로젝트 마감까지 시간을 미리 부여하여 피드백을 주었다. 23명(전체 학생 40명)은 프로젝트에 대한 수행을 완료하였고, 17명은 시험은 응시하였으나 프로젝트는 미완성하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 코로나-19로 인한 비대면 상황가운데 공대 실기과목을 프로젝트법으로 운영하면서 수업설계와 실행, 상호작용을 거쳐서 프로젝트를 수행할 수 있는가를 연구하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

The purpose of this study is to draw implications through a case study on the curriculum operation of a professor who operated a programming subject as a PBL(project-based learning) method in an untact situation due to COVID-19. A survey was conducted for first-year freshmen students to determine their learning condition before project implementation. Based on the results of the questionnaire, individual interviews were conducted to identify the needs for education, and then, basic grammar for project completion and lectures that segmenting each stage of the project were composed. Repeated learning was induced through weekly quizzes, and feedback was given by giving time in advance until the project deadline. 23 students (40 students in total) completed the project. The remaining 17 students took the exam but did not complete the project. The purpose of this study is significant in that it investigated whether a project can be carried out through instructional design, execution, and interaction while operating a programming subject through PBL in the COVID-19 environment.

본 논문은 프로젝트 학습을 적용한 공학컴퓨터프로그래밍 수업의 효과를 분석하고 그 문제점을 찾아 수업을 개선하는 데에 목적이 있다. 전통적인 강의 수업과는 달리, 본 공학컴퓨터프로그래밍 수업에서는 프로그래밍 프로젝트를 통하여 공학적 문제들을 해결하게 함으로써 학생들이 문제해결 능력과 팀워크 능력 등을 함양할 수 있도록 하였다. 프로젝트 학습의 효과를 알아보기 위해 수강생을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문은 크게 5개 영역(학습효과, 학습량, 능력습득, 과제, 의견), 5점 척도형 문항으로 총 20개였으며, SPSS 통계프로그램을 사용하여 상관분석, ANOVA 등을 실시하였다. 연구결과에 의하면, (1) 프로젝트 학습은 강의식 수업에 비하여 실제 문제를 해결하고 팀워크 능력을 함양하는데 효과적으로 나타났으며, (2) 자기주도학습력과 정보수집력은 유의미한 상관이 있었고, (3) 가상 학습 공간은 자율학습을 하는데 도움이 되는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 (4) 과제의 분배나 학습난이도에 대해서는 부정적인 결과가 나타났다. 결론적으로 좀더 나은 프로젝트 학습을 위해서는 학생의 수준에 맞는 과제를 개발하는 일이 요구된다고 할 수 있다.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of Engineering computer programming instruction using project learning, to find out the ways to solve some revealed problems, and to improve the instruction. Unlike traditional lecture courses, students are encouraged to cultivate problem solving and teamwork skills through the programming project. In order to examine the effect of project learning, a survey was conducted with 49 students. The questionnaire consisted of 20 items with 5-grade scale each, the contents of which included learning value, workload, skills acquirement, assignment and comment. The SPSS, statistical analysis software was used to get statistics such as ANOVA, correlation and mean, etc. The results of this study showed (1) project learning was more efficient to acquire problem solving and teamwork skills compared with lecture learning, (2) there was significant correlation between self directed learning skill and information collecting skill, (3) cyber education system(i-campus) was helpful for students' self learning. But the results also showed that (4) students did not give high scores on items of the workload or difficulty of assignments. So we can conclude that it is necessary to develop the suitable projects for the capability of students to make the better project learning.

최근 IT 과학영재교육에서 효과적인 프로그래밍 교육방법은 IT 과학영재에게 중요한 교육 부분이다. 본 연구는 IT 과학영재교육에 있어서 논리 기반의 프로그래밍 교육을 수행하기 위하여 계획, 요구분석, 설계, 구성, 테스트 및 유지보수의 단계를 거치는 프로그램 개발 과정을 설명하고, 특히 설계 및 구현에 있어서의 효과적인 프로그래밍 방법인 API를 활용하는 IT 과학영재를 위한 프로그래밍 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 CVW를 지원하는 학생 팀 프로젝트 관리시스템 개발을 수행하였으며, 해당 프로그램을 개발함에 있어서, AWS 클라우딩 컴퓨팅 서비스를 활용하여 서버를 구축하고, Oauth 2.0, Google API, Kakao Talk API를 이용하여 해당 기능들을 직접 구현해 보고 각각의 진행과정을 제시하였다. 또한, 제안된 프로그램 개발 과정에 유기적이고 효과적인 프로그램 개발 과정을 습득할 수 있다. 이를 통하여 IT 과학영재들이 추후 프로그래밍 프로젝트 수행할 때, 체계적인 프로그램 개발 과정을 적용할 수 있으며, 특히 설계 및 구현 단계에서 다양한 API를 활용하여 효과적인 프로그래밍을 수행해 볼 수 있음을 확인해볼 수 있었다.

Recently, it is very essential to educate IT gifted students and give them an effective programming method. Thus, we explain the process of program development through the stages of planning, demand analysis, design, implementation, testing and maintenance, and propose an effective programming implementation methods using APIs (Application Programming Interface) to carry out a logic-based programming in IT science-gifted education in this paper. To this end, we performed the development of the student-team project management system supporting CVW (Collaborative Virtual Workspace). In developing the program, we built a server with AWS Cloud Computing Service and implemented these functions directly using the Oauth 2.0, Google API, and Kakao Talk API. In addition, coherent and effective program development processes can be acquired in the proposed program development process. Through this, it was confirmed that the systematic program development process can be applied to IT science-gifted students when carrying out programming projects in the future, and that effective programming can be carried out by utilizing various APIs, especially in the design and implementation stages.

Previous researches have focused on the efficiency of project execution and the satisfaction of internal customers In view of the fact that a project is successful if any defects are not found in the short-term performance test of the project final outcome. To execute a project that both internal customer and external customer are satisfied in terms of longer-term benefit perspective, the project claim costs (PCC) which may occur for the warranty period of the project final outcome should be considered. We propose a model included PCC to the linear programming between time and cost to expedite a project and perform the validity test by applying the model to an example project. This model and related procedure will contribute to overall project activities' cost reduction by taking preventive actions for PCC.