Earticle

In this paper, we developed a heuristic algorithm to assign job to workers in parallel line inspection process without sequence. Objective of assigning job in inspection process is only to assign job to workers evenly. But this objective needs much time and effort since there are many cases in assigning job and cases increase geometrically if the number of job and worker increases. In order to solve this problem, we proposed heuristic algorithm to assign job to workers evenly. Experiments of assigning job are performed to evaluate performance of this heuristic algorithm. The result shows that heuristic algorithm can find the optimal solution to assign job to workers evenly in many type of cases. Especially, in case there are more than two optimal solutions, this heuristic algorithm can find the optimal solution with 98% accuracy.

목적: 본 연구는 좌측 평행선과 우측 우대각 라인의 비대칭 커트이며 길이, 각도, 슬라이스 라인을 변경하여 형태변화를 관찰하였 다. 또한 헤어커트의 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 방법: 두상영역분할을 상단과 하단으로 나누었다. 네이프 포인트에서 왼쪽은 평 행라인과 오른쪽은 우대각 라인 그리고 두상시술각도 25, 50, 75도로 하였다. 측면의 슬라이스 라인 A (대)라각인은 25도, 평행라인 은 50도, V (대각)라인은 75도로 상단의 길이만 측정하였다. 결과: 원랭스 각도는 매끄러움과 가지런함을 상징한다. 그리고 그래쥬 에이션은 거친 질감과 가지런함이 상징한다. 두상영역분할위치를 위로 두면 생동감, 리듬감이 나타나고 아래로 두면 부피감, 무게 감이 증가한다. A (대각)라인은 성숙함과 완숙함 및 가름한 형태이고, 평행라인은 평범함과 무난함 그리고 V (대각)라인은 귀여움과 발랄함을 상징한다. 비대칭 커트의 불균형은 신선함과 신비로움 및 활기찬 역동감, 리듬감, 신비감을 줄 수 있다. 결론: 같은 커트 방식의 사고방식을 버린다면 다양한 형태의 커트디자인은 새롭게 탄생될 수 있다. 이를 바탕으로 감각적인 헤어커트 디자인은 무궁 무진할 수 있다고 사료된다

Purpose: In this study, the asymmetrical cut of the left parallel line and the right diagonal line was examined by varying the length, angle, and slice line. Additionally, basic data on haircuts will be provided. Methods: The head region division was divided into upper and lower parts. The angle of the parallel line on the left, the right side of the right side, and the head were 25°, 50°, and 75°, respectively. The slice A (diagonal) line on the side was 25°, the parallel line was 50°, and the V (diagonal) line was 75°. Results: The one-reel angle represents smoothness and orderliness. Furthermore, rough texture and arrangement represent gradation. The feeling of liveliness and rhythm appear when the head area division position is up, and the feeling of volume and weight increases when it is down. The A (diagonal) line represents maturity, maturity, and thinness, the parallel line represents plain and smooth, and the V (diagonal) line represents cuteness and youthfulness. The imbalance of asymmetrical cuts can offer freshness, mystery, vibrant dynamics, rhythm, and mystery. Conclusion: Different types of cut designs can be reborn if you abandon the same way of thinking. Based on this, it is considered that sensuous haircut designs are endless.

目的: 在这项研究中，通过改变长度、角度和切片线来检查左侧平行线和右侧对角线的不对称剪发。此外，为 提供有关理发的基本数据。方法: 将头部区域划分为上下两部分。左侧、右侧与头部平行线的夹角分别为25°、 50°、75°。侧面的切片A（对角）线为25°，平行线为50°，V（对角）线为75°。结果: 单卷角代表平滑和有序。 此外，粗糙的纹理和排列代表层次。头区划分位置向上时有轻快感和韵律感，向下时有体积感和重量感增加。 A （斜）线代表成熟、成熟、瘦弱，平行线代表平淡流畅，V（斜）线代表可爱、青春。不对称剪裁的不平衡可以 提供新鲜感、神秘感、充满活力的动态、节奏和神秘感。结论: 摒弃同一种思维方式，不同类型的剪裁设计可以 重生。基于此，人们认为感性的发型设计是无穷无尽的。

In this paper, we raised the performance of heuristic algorithm to assign job to workers in parallel line inspection process without sequence. In previous research, we developed the heuristic algorithm. But the heuristic algorithm can't find optimal solution perfectly. In order to solve this problem, we proposed new method to make initial solution called FN(First Next) method and combined the new FN method and old FE method using previous heuristic algorithm. Experiments of assigning job are performed to evaluate performance of this FE+FN heuristic algorithm. The result shows that the FE+FN heuristic algorithm can find the optimal solution to assign job to workers evenly in many type of cases. Especially, in case there are optimal solutions, this heuristic algorithm can find the optimal solution perfectly.

이 논문에서는 초등수학에서 평행의 정의에 등장하는 ‘한 직선에 수직인 두 직 선’이라는 문구에 주목하고 그것이 어떤 쓰임이 있는지 알아보았다. 이를 위해 우 리나라 중학교 교과서와 초등학교 교과서를 대비하여 초등의 특징을 찾고, 일본과 싱가포르의 초등학교 수학 교과서에서는 그 특징이 나타나는 양상을 살펴보았다. 이어 제1차부터 현재까지 초등수학 교과서에서 평행과 평행선이 어떻게 정의되어 왔는지를 살펴보고 각 교과서에서 ‘한 직선에 수직인 두 직선’이 어떤 쓰임을 가졌는지를 조사하였다. ‘한 직선에 수직인 두 직선’은, 평행선 여부 판정하기, 평행선 긋기, 평행선 사이의 거리 구하기, 사각형에서 평행 여부 판단하기, 평행사 변형 그리기 등 모두 다섯 가지 쓰임이 있다. 5차와 6차에는 이 다섯 가지 쓰임이 모두 교과서에 드러나 있는 반면에 2015 개정 교육과정에서는 상당히 축소된 것으 로 나타났다. 교사나 교과서 저자들이‘한 직선에 수직인 두 직선’이라는 아이디 어가 평행 지도에서 어떤 의미가 있는지를 인식하고 더 나아가 교과용 도서에 이 를 어떻게 반영할 것인지 판단할 때 이 논문이 기초 자료가 될 수 있을 것이다.

In this paper, we wanted to find out why the idea of 'two straight lines perpendicular to one line' is contained in the parallel definition of elementary school mathematics. To this end, we examined how parallel and parallel lines have been defined in the primary math textbooks presented from the first to the present, and what use 'two straight lines perpendicular to one line' in each textbook was. The "two straight lines perpendicular to one straight line" had five uses. While all five were shown in textbooks in the fifth and sixth rounds, the 2015 revised curriculum showed a sharp reduction. In elementary mathematics, the mathematics education community needs to recognize what the idea of "two straight lines perpendicular to one line" means in parallel lines and reflect them in textbooks.

NP-난제로 알려진 양측 조립라인 균형문제는 주로 메타휴리스틱 방법들을 적용하여 해를 구하고 있다. 본 논문 은 총 작업완료시간 W와 순환시간 c 가 주어진 양측 조립라인의 선행순서도에서 좌측, 우측과 좌․우측 무관으로 공정들 을 분류하고, 좌측과 우측 각각에 대해 m∗ = ⌈ W/c ⌉개의 작업대에 Ti = c∗ ± α < c, c∗ = ⌈ W/m∗ ⌉이 되도 록 공정들을 할당하는 병렬군집 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안된 알고리즘을 4개의 실험데이터, 17개의 에 적용한 결 과, 기존의 메타휴리스틱 방법들에 비해 최소 작업대 수 m∗ 를 구하였으며, T max < c로 순환시간을 단축하였다. 또한, 제안된 알고리즘은 휴리스틱 방법임에도 불구하고, 조립라인 효율성의 극대화와 작업자간 작업시간 편차를 최소화시킬 수 있었다.

The two-sided assembly line balancing problem is a kind of NP-hard problem. This problem primarily can be solved metaheuristic method. This paper suggests parallel clustering algorithm that each left and right-sided workstation assigned by operations with Ti = c∗ ± α < c, c∗ = ⌈ W/m∗ ⌉ such that m∗ = ⌈ W/c ⌉ for precedence diagram of two-sided assembly line with total complete time W and cycle time c. This clustering performs forward direction from left to right or reverse direction from right to left. For the 4 experimental data with 17 cycle times, the proposed algorithm can be obtain the minimum number of workstations m∗ and can be reduce the cycle time to T max < c then metaheuristic methods. Also, proposed clustering algorithm maximizes the line efficiency and minimizes the variance between workers operation times.

This paper revisits parallel-line bioassay problem, from a Bayesian point of view using noninformative priors such as Jeffreys' prior, reference priors, and probability matching priors. After finding the orthogonal transformation, the class of first order and second order probability matching priors are derived. Jeffreys' prior and reference priors are derived also. Numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of noninformative priors.

Biological methods are described for the assay of certain substances and preparations whose potency cannot be adequately assured by chemical or physical analysis. The principle applied through these assays is of a comparison with a standard preparation to determine how much of the examined substance produces the same biological effects as a given quantity (the Unit) of the standard preparation. In these dilution assays, to estimate the relative potencies of the unknown preparations to the standard preparations, it is necessary to compare dose-response relationships of standard and unknown preparations. The dose-response relationship in the dilution assay is non-linear and sigmoid when a wide range of doses is applied. The parallel line model (applied to the dose region with the steepest slope) is used to estimate the relative potency. In this paper, the statistical theory in the parallel line model is explained with an application to a dilution assay data. The parallel line method is implemented in a SAS program and is available at the author's homepage(http://cafe.daum.net/go.analysis).

Pressure ripples, which are inevitably generated by a fluctuation of flow rate caused by a pump mechanism, include noises and vibrations in hydraulic pipeline. These noises and vibration deteriorate the stability and accuracy of hydraulic systems. The accumulator and hydraulic attenuator are normally used to reduce the pressure ripples. In this study, a parallel line is introduced to the hydraulic pipeline for the hydraulic system with a bent-axis piston pump as a method to reduce the pressure ripples. The dynamic characteristics of the hydraulic pipeline with a parallel line are analyzed by a transfer matrix in the frequency domain. The usefulness of the hydraulic pipeline with a parallel line was ascertained by experiment and simulation. The results from the experiment and simulation show that the hydraulic pipeline with a parallel line were effective in reducing the pressure ripples.

A current flowing through a distribution conductor produces induced voltage, which is harmful to a telecommunication line. Previous research on induced voltage has been focused on single-circuit lines in the distribution system. However, the double-circuit lines, referred to as parallel distribution lines, are widely used in distribution systems because they have significant economic and environmental advantages over single-circuit lines. Therefore, a study on the induced voltage in double-circuit lines is needed. This paper presents a method of calculating the induced voltage in a parallel distribution system using four-terminal parameters and vector analysis. The calculation method is verified by the Electromagnetic Transient Program (EMTP) simulation.

In this paper, a size-reduced Wilkinson balun with wide harmonic-suppressed band is presented. An accurate analysis of the parallel coupled line with an open stub (PCL-OS) is carried out. The PCL-OS structure shows excellent low pass filter and harmonic-suppression characteristics, which is useful for designing a low pass filter unit cell (LUC) with a reduced size. The designed Wilkinson balun at a 2.45 GHz center frequency not only shows an excellent harmonic suppression including the 5th harmonics up to 14 GHz over 15 dB, but it also has an area reduced to 48% of the conventional one.

세선화 알고리즘은 문자인식, 도형 및 도면 인식 등에 매우 중요하게 사용되고 있다. 세선화 알고리즘은 여러 가지 방법으로 제안되어 왔다. 본 논문에서는 이전에 제안된 세선화 알고리즘 중 선처리가 후처리에 영향을 주지 않는 병렬 세선화 알고리즘 중에서 ZS, LW, 및 WHF 알고리즘의 문제점을 찾아내었다. ZS 알고리즘은 사선 방향에서 화소가 손실되는 문제점을 안고 있으며, LW 알고리즘은 사선 방향에서의 화소 두께가 1이 되지 못하는 문제점을 내포하고 있다. 따라서 본 알고리즘에서는 사선 방향에서 8근방을 이루며, 화소의 두께도 완전히 1이 되도록 개선시킨 병렬 세선화 알고리즘을 제안한다.

A Thinning algorithm is a very Important factor in order to recognize the character, figure, and drawing. Until comparatively lately, the thinning algorithm was proposed by various methods. In this paper, we ascertain the point at issue of ZS(Zhang and Suen), LW(Lu and Wang) and WHF(Wang, Hui and Fleming) algorithms that are the parallel thinning algorithms. The parallel thinning algorithm means the first processing doesn't have to influence to the second processing. ZS algorithm has a problem which loses pixels in slanting lines and LW algorithm doesn't have one pixel width in slanting lines. So I propose an advanced parallel thinning algorithm that connects the pixels each other and preserve the end point.

This paper presents a novel simple filter design method based on a parallel short-ended coupled-line structure with capacitive loading for size reduction and ultra-broad rejection of spurious passbands. In addition, the introduction of a cross-coupling capacitor into the miniaturized coupled-line can create a transmission zero at the second harmonic frequency for better frequency selectivity and attenuation level. The aperture compensation technique is also applied to achieve a strong coupling in the coupled-line section. The influence of using the connecting transmission line to cascade two identical one-stage filters is studied for the first time. Specifically, such a two-stage bandpass filter operating at 2.3 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 10% was designed and realized with low-temperature co-fired ceramic technology for application in base stations that need high power handling capability. It achieved attenuation in excess of -40 dB up to $4f_0$ and low insertion loss of -1.2 dB with the size of 10 mm ${\times}$ 7 mm ${\times}$ 2.2 mm. The measured and simulated results showed good agreement.

A method for faulted line detection of four parallel lines on the same tower is presented, based on four-summing and double-differential sequences of one terminal current. Four-summing and double-differential sequences of fault current can be calculated using a certain transformation matrix for parameter decoupling of four parallel transmission lines. According to fault boundary conditions, the amplitude and phase characteristics of four-summing and double-differential sequences of fault current is studied under conditions of different types of fault. Through the analysis of the relationship of terminal current and fault current, a novel methodology for fault line detection of four parallel transmission line on the same tower is put forward, which can pick out the fault lines no matter the fault occurs in single line or cross double lines. Simulation results validate that the methodology is correct and reliable under conditions of different load currents, transient resistances and fault locations.

This paper presents a new load sharing control for use between paralleled three-phase inverters in an islanded microgrid based on the online line impedance estimation by the use of a Kalman filter. In this study, the mismatch of power sharing when the line impedance changes due to temperature, frequency, significant differences in line parameters and the requirements of the Plug-and-Play mode for inverters connected to a microgrid has been solved. In addition, this paper also presents a new droop control method working with the line impedance that is different from the traditional droop algorithm when the line impedance is assumed to be pure resistance or pure inductance. In this paper, the line impedance estimation for parallel inverters uses the minimum square method combined with a Kalman filter. In addition, the secondary control loops are designed to restore the voltage amplitude and frequency of a microgrid by using a combined nominal value SOGI-PLL with a generalized integral block and phase lock loop to monitor the exact voltage magnitude and frequency phase at the PCC. A control model has been simulated in Matlab/Simulink with three voltage source inverters connected in parallel for different ratios of power sharing. The simulation results demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed control method.

The systematic and effective design method of a Class-D current-source resonant inverter for use in an induction cooker with zero-ripple line current is presented. The design procedure is based on the principle of the Class-D current-source resonant inverter with a simplified load network model that is a parallel equivalent circuit. An induction load characterization is obtained from a large-signal excitation test-bench based on parallel load network, which is the key to an accurate design for the induction cooker system. Accordingly, the proposed scheme provides a systematic, precise, and feasible solution than the existing design method based on series-parallel load network under low-signal excitation. Moreover, a zero-ripple condition of utility-line input current is naturally preserved without any extra circuit or control. Meanwhile, a differential-mode input electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter can be eliminated, high power quality in utility-line can be obtained, and a standard-recovery diode of bridge-rectifier can be employed. The step-by-step design procedure explained with design example. The devices stress and power loss analysis of induction cooker with a parallel load network under large-signal excitation are described. A 2,500-W laboratory prototype was developed for $220-V_{rms}/50-Hz$ utility-line to verify the theoretical analysis. An efficiency of the prototype is 96% at full load.

Purpose Genexol-PM is a biodegradable cremophor EL?free polymeric micelle formulation of paclitaxel. Here, we compared efficacy and safety of Genexol-PM plus carboplatin versus Genexol plus carboplatin for ovarian cancer treatment. Materials and Methods In this multicenter, randomized, phase II study, patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics IC-IV epithelial ovarian cancer were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive Genexol-PM 260 mg/m2 or Genexol 175 mg/m2 with 5 area under the curve carboplatin every 3 weeks (6 cycles). The primary endpoint was the carbohydrate antigen 125 and Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumor composite overall response rate (ORR). Results Of 131 enrolled patients, 98 were included in intention-to-treat analysis. Mean dosages were 260.00±0.00 mg/m2 Genexol-PM or 174.24±3.81 mg/m2 Genexol. Median followup was 18.0 months (range, 6.1 to 33.8 months). ORR was 88.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 80.4 to 95.6) with Genexol-PM, and 77.1% (95% CI, 67.1 to 87.1) with Genexol (noninferiority threshold, 16.3%). Median time to progression was 14.8 months (95% CI, 11.3 to 20.2) with Genexol-PM and 15.4 months (95% CI, 13.2 to 29.6) with Genexol (p=0.550). Overall, six patients died. Neutropenia was the most common toxicity (incidences of 86.0% vs. 77.1%, p=0.120). Peripheral neuropathy incidences were 84.0% versus 64.6% (p= 0.148). Peripheral neuropathy of ! grade 3 occurred in one patient receiving Genexol. All toxicities were manageable. Conclusion Genexol-PM plus carboplatin as first-line treatment in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer demonstrated non-inferior efficacy and well-tolerated toxicities compared with the standard paclitaxel regimen. Further studies are warranted to optimize the dose and schedule, and to investigate long-term outcomes.

Pressure ripples which are inevitably generated by a fluctuation of flow rate caused by a pump have an effect on noises, vibrations, and control performance in hydraulic transmissio line. In this study, parallel line is introduced to hydraulic transmission line as the method for a reduction in the pressure ripples. The dynamic characteristics of the hydraulic transmission line are analyzed by a transfer matrix in frequency domain and the length ratio of the parallel line to the main line between upstream junction and downstream Junction is calculated for a complete reduction in the pressure ripples. The usefulness of that is confined by a simulation.

이 논문은 해방기 월북한 시인들이 이남에서의 투쟁, 특히 미군정에 맞선 대규모 민중봉기였던 10월 항쟁을 이북에 올라가 어떤 방식으로 호명하고 형상화하였는가에 주목하고자 하였다. 한국전쟁 직전인 1950년 3월 평양에서 출간된 합동시집 『한 깃발 아래서』는 이 문제를 살필 수 있는 좋은 참조점이 되었다. 이 시집은 남반부 인민들의 투쟁을 다룬 시편들에 큰 비중을 할애하고 있으며, 임화, 박산운, 한진식 등 참여 시인 다수가 1947~48년 사이 월북한 이들이다. 이들의 작품은 1950년 현재 진행되고 있는 남반부 투쟁의 출발점으로 1946년 10월 항쟁을 거듭 재확인하고 단독선거 반대를 위해 전개한 2.7항쟁, 4.3항쟁, 5.10투쟁을 정신적 매듭으로 자리매김한다. 당시 북반부의 작품들이 ‘김일성 장군’의 지도력을 앞세우고 ‘민주기지론’을 근간으로 창작되기 시작했음을 감안할 때, 이는 남로당을 위시한 이남의 좌파 조직이 개입한 활동, 즉 ‘김일성 장군’으로 무작정 수렴될 수 없는 사건들을 투쟁의 역사 속에 역력히 기입하려는 시도였다고 볼 수 있다. 이런 점에서 본다면 북반부의 시집 『한 깃발 아래서』에 새겨진 ‘10월’과 ‘2.7’, ‘4.3’, ‘5.10’이 지시하는 것은 남반부의 해방투쟁인 동시에 기억의 투쟁이기도 하다. 그러나 한국전쟁이 곧이어 발발하고 분단 체제가 고착되어가면서 이 시도는 오래 지속될 수 없었다. 북한에서는 남로당 계열 인물들이 숙청되었고, 김일성을 중심으로 한 ‘혁명전통’에 수렴되지 않는 사건은 역사적 기억 속에서 배제되었다. 잊혀졌던 ‘10월’이 삼팔선 이북에서 재호명된 것은 40여 년이 흐른 후, 시집 『한 깃발 아래서』의 주요 참여 시인 중 한 사람이었던 박산운에 의해서이다. 1990년에 발표된 「10월의 불길」에서 그는 당시의 투쟁 경험과 현재의 감정 및 상념을 장시의 형식으로 형상화한다. 표면적으로 이 작품은 북한 체재의 ‘반미반제’ 이념에 정합적인 방향을 취하고 있지만, 행간에서 누설되는 것은 10월 항쟁에서 살아남은 자의 부채감과 죄의식에 가깝다. 월경을 감행한 시인에 의해, 분단의 긴 세월을 지나, 남쪽의 사건은 어떤 방식으로 북쪽의 문학적 자리에 놓일 수 있는가를 이 작품은 보여준다.

The purpose of this article is to examine how the struggles in South Korea at the Liberation period were represented and expressed in the works of the poets who went to North Korea across 38th parallel line. Especially, I focused on the representation and signification of the October Uprising. The left-wing groups have been opressed obviously since May 1946 in South Korea under U. S. military regime. They were no longer in position when the half-goverment was established in South Korea at August 1948. The majority of them, including many writers, crossed the 38th parallel to North Korea. The poets who went to North put their work about the struggles of South Korea’s people in Under One Flag, an anthology published in Pyeongyang at March 1950. They put forward The October Uprising as a spiritual source the ongoing guerrilla struggle in South Korea, and emphasized the 2·7 Struggle, the 4·3 Resistance, the 5·10 Struggle, that is, the incidents involving the South-Korea Labor Party. This can be seen as an attempt to fill in the history of the struggle against the New Imperialism of the U.S. with activities centered around the South-Korea Labor Party, considering that the North Korea’s literature at that time began to be created on the basis of the "North Korea-Democratic Base Theory" with the leadership of General Kim Il-sung. The attempt couldn't last long as the Korean War broke out and the divisional system became solid. As a result, the October uprising was forgotten in North Korea. The forgotten "October" was re-called after more than 40 years, by Park San-woon, a poet who published three of his works in Under one Flag. In the lyric epic <The Flame of October> published in 1990, he embodied the experience of struggle in 1946 and current emotions and ideas. On the surface, this work takes a coherent direction toward the "anti-U.S." ideology of the North Korean regime. But what's behind it is the sense of debt and guilt of one who survived the October uprising. It shows how the struggle in South Korea can be placed in the North Korea's literature-history, by a poet crossed the 38th parallel, after a long period of division.

김정은 정권은 집권한지 2년여에 불과하지만 기존 북한의 대외전략을 지속하는 듯하면서 새로운 변화의 가능성도 보여주고 있다. 2012년 12월 광명성 3호 발사실험과 2013년 2월 제3차 핵실험은 북한 대외전략의 핵심인 핵무기와 미사일 프로그램의 지속성을 보여준다. 반면 2013년 상반기에 보여준 공세적인 위기조성과 하반기의 갑작스런 긴장완화는 새로운 대외정책 패턴 변화의 가능성을 암시하기도 한다. 이 글은 김정은 시대 북한의 대외전략을 지속과 변화의 ‘병진노선’으로 개념화하고 분석한다. 병진노선은 과거 김일성·김정일 시대에 제시된 북한의 국가전략이지만, 김정은 역시 핵·경제 병진노선을 제시하며 새로운 국가전략을 표방한 바 있다. 하지만 병진노선은 북한의 구조적 문제를 안고 있는 모순적인 개념이다. 대외전략을 지속과 변화의 병진노선으로 개념화하는 것은 향후 대외전략을 펼쳐나가는 과정에서 기존 전략을 지속하면서도 새로운 변화의 모습을 보일 가능성이 크다는 것을 의미한다. 또한 기존의 다른 병진노선이 그러했듯이 현실적으로 성공하기 어려운 상당히 모순적인 전략임을 암시하는 것이기도 하다. 이 글은 김정은 체제가 지난 2년 동안 보여온 대외전략을 재해석하고 전략목표 및 앞으로의 방향성을 제시하려 한다. 이는 김일성·김정일 시대에 보여준 대외적 인식 및 정책과도 비교될 것이다. 김정은 시대의 대외전략을 지난 2년 동안의 북한 문헌과 자료를 통해 분석하고, 그 변화추이를 설명할 것이다.

The Kim Jong-un regime in North Korea has showed both continuation and change in its foreign policy strategy for the last 2 years. North Korea's rocket launch in December 2012 and third nuclear test in February 2013 represented the continuation of the previous Kim Jong-il regime. However, its aggressive crisis escalation and sudden de-escalation and diplomatic efforts in 2013 suggested the possibility of a new course of action. The paper conceptualizes Kim Jong-un's foreign policy strategy as the 'parallel line' between continuation and change. The parallel line was the national strategy under Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il, and Kim Jong-un has also proposed the parallel line of building nuclear capability and the economy simultaneously. However, the 'parallel line' is a contradictory concept that has serious structural problems, so it is destined to fail as the former parallel line did before. This paper finally seeks to explain North Korea's course of action for the last 2 years and re-interpret its external perception and foreign policy strategy. In this process, it uses many statements and documents in the North Korean media released after Kim Jong-un took power.