Earticle

In order to reduce the spread of illegal digital contents, many studies have been focusing on how to stop it through laws and regulations. Only few of the studies tried to explain the illegal behaviors from individual‘s viewpoints. This paper aims to examine the intention of sharing illegal digital contents over the Internet and proposes a theoretical model based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) along with the introduction of two outcome expectations. We also argue that the individuals’ cognition of online copyright will influence individuals’ illegal contents sharing on the Internet. We have collected data from online survey and offline interview. By empirical study, the results support the theoretical model except the subjective norm which has no effect on individuals’ behavior. This is a different finding from the previous researches revealing that the subjective norm has no effect on individuals’ unethical actions. Overall, the findings provide strong confirmation that attitude, self-efficacy and outcome expectations impact on individual’s intention of sharing illegal contents. In addition, this study proposed an improved cognition of online copyright through education and standard of new media management will reduce illegal contents sharing on Internet.

Enterprise systems implementations have been suffering from a high failure rate despite their expected benefits. One of the commonly reported reasons for the implementation failures is the end-user’s unwillingness to use the systems. Considering that the appropriate management of expectations may play an important role in making a positive behavior toward newly implemented systems, this study examines the effect of outcome expectations on conative system use activity in the mandatory use context of information systems from the social cognitive theory and coping theory perspective. Structural equation model analysis using LISREL 8.7 provides significant support for the proposed relationships. The empirical results suggest that outcome expectations and user satisfaction have positive effects on conative system use activity conceptualized by immersion, reinvention, and learning. In addition, this research conducts an analysis on a comparative model with traditional dependent variable and compares it to the result of the proposed research model. Theoretical and practical implications of the study shed some light on how to improve system use activity in the mandatory use context of information systems.

Purpose: To develop and test the validity and reliability of the Korean version of outcome expectations-2 for exercise. Methods: The Korean version of outcome expectations for exercise-2 was developed through forwardbackward translation techniques. Content, criterion, and construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis and an internal consistency reliability were conducted. Survey data were collected from 200 older adults living in a community. Results: The Korean version of outcome expectations for exercise-2 had factor loadings of the 13items ranged from .20 to .76, and was validated by confirmatory factor analysis (CFI=.829, NFI=.754, RMSEA=.086). Also there was a reliable internal consistency with a Cronbach’s ? for the positive domain of outcome expectations for exercise scale-2 of .73. Negative domain, however, reported slightly low Cronbach’s ? of .63. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrated that the Korean version of outcome expectations for exercise-2 had satisfactory validity to measure expectations regarding exercise among older adults in Korea. Negative domain, however, should be retested to verify reliability for the further study.

본 연구는 중학생의 수치심, 죄책감이 또래 괴롭힘 방어행동에 미치는 영향을 확인하고, 수치심, 죄책감과 방어행동의 관계에서 방어행동 결과예상의 하위변인(또래 괴롭힘 감소, 피해자 기분향상, 집단 내 지위향상)의 조절효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 중학생 280명(남 137명, 여 143명)을 대상으로 오프라인 설문조사를 실시하였다. 측정도구는 청소년용 자의식적 정서척도(TOSCA-A), 방어행동 결과예상척도, 참여자 역할 척도(PRQ)를 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 22.0와 SPSS PROCESS Macro를 사용하여 분석하였다. 먼저, 기술통계분석과 상관분석을 통해 변인들의 일반적인 경향을 확인했다. 그 이후 위계적 회귀분석을 통해 죄책감과 방어행동의 관계에서 방어행동 결과예상의 하위변인 별 조절효과를 검증하였다. 본 연구의 결과 요약은 다음과 같다. 우선, 죄책감, 방어행동 결과예상 및 그 하위변인(또래 괴롭힘 감소, 피해자 기분향상, 집단 내 지위향상), 방어행동은 유의미한 정적 상관으로 나타났다. 또한, 죄책감은 방어행동을 유의하게 예측했으며, 그 관계에서 피해자 기분향상이 조절효과를 나타냈다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 의의 및 시사점, 제한점 및 제언을 논의하였다.

The present study was conducted to identify the relationship between moral emotions and defending behaviors of middle school students, and whether outcome expectation moderated their relationship. To explain this hypothesis, a total of 280 middle school students were accepted and completed the self-reported questionnaire composed of Test of Self-Conscious Affect: TOSCA, Participant Role Questionnaire: PRQ, and Test of outcome expectation off-line. The data were analyzed with SPSS 22.0 and SPSS PROCESS Macro. Descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, and hierarchical analysis were used as analysis methods of the study. The findings of this study are shown as follows. First of all, guilty of moral emotions, outcome expectation, defending behaviors were positive correlation. Then, outcome expectation moderated the relationship between guilty and defending behaviors. Based on these results, the study suggested the implications for counseling in school, limitation of the study, and suggestions for further research.

본 연구에서는 사회인지 이론(Socail Cognitive)과 휴리스틱-체계적 모델(Heuristicsystematic model)을 기반으로, 헬스장 브랜드 경험이 개인 트레이너(PT)의 구매의도에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 보고, 감성적 경험과 이성적 경험을 구분하여 더 구체적으로 살펴보 고자 한다. 또한 브랜드 경험과 구매 의도 간에 결과기대가 매개효과로 하는지를 정확하게 파악하며, 이 과정에서 소비자의 정보처리방식(휴리스틱/체계적)이 브랜드 경험과 상호 작용하여 조절 효과가 있을지를 탐색하기 위해 검증하였다. 연구가설을 탐색하기 위해서 는 헤이스의 프로세스 매코로(PROCESS macro)를 이용하여 조건부 간접효과 모델8을 적용하고 다변인 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과를 보면 연구 가설1에서 헬스장 브랜 드 경험은 개인 트레이너의 구매 의도에 직접적 영향을 주지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 연구 가설2에서 경험과 구매 의도 간에 결과기대의 매개효과가 나타났으며, 경험과 정보 처리방식의 상호작용과 구매 의도 간도 결과기대의 매개효과도 발견하였다. 연구 가설3 에서 경험과 구매 의도 간에 관계에서 정보처리방식의 조절 효과가 없고 경험과 결과기대 간에 관계에서 정보처리방식의 조절 효과가 나타났다.

In this study, based on Social Cognitive and Heuristic-systematic models, we want to see how the gym brand experience affects the purchase intention of personal trainers (PTs), and examine them more specifically. In addition, we will accurately identify whether outcome expectations are mediated between brand experience and purchase intention, and study whether consumers' information processing methods (heuristic/systematic) interact with brand experience to have regulatory effects. To explore the research problem, we apply a conditional indirect effect model 8 using Hayes' process macro and conduct a multivariate regression analysis. Research shows that in Study Problem 1, the gym brand experience did not directly affect the purchase intention of individual trainers. In Study Problem 2, the full mediating effect of the outcome expectation was found between experience and intention to purchase, and the interapplication of experience and information processing methods and the interaction of intention to purchase results were found. In Study Problem 3, there was no adjustment effect of the information processing method in the relationship between experience and intention to purchase, but there was an adjustment effect of the information processing method in the relationship between experience and expectation of results.

본 연구의 목적은 청소년 내담자의 상담기대가 작업동맹 및 상담성과에 영향을 미치는지를 확인하고, 이 과정에서 상담자-내담자의 작업동맹이 상담기대와 상담성과간의 매개역할을 하는지 검증하는 것이다. 연구대상은 13세에서 19세까지의 남녀 청소년 내담자 85명이었다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청소년 내담자는 상담기대가 높을수록 상담만족도는 높았으나, 전반적 심리사회적 고통에서의 변화를 측정하는 Y-OQ-SR은 상담기대와 상관이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 상담자-내담자의 작업동맹은 상담만족도와 정적상관을 보였으나, Y-OQ-SR과는 상관이 없었다. 이는 작업동맹이 높을 경우 주관적인 상담만족도는 높아지지만, 심리사회적 고통의 호전과는 관련이 없다는 것을 의미한다. 셋째, 작업동맹의 하위요인 중 긍정적 감정관계를 많이 경험할수록 상담만족도가 커지는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 작업동맹은 청소년 내담자의 상담기대와 상담만족도와의 관계에서 완전매개효과를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과의 의의와 제한점에 대해 논의하였다.

The purpose of this study was to examined that the adolescent client's expectations about counseling(EAC) has an effects on the counseling outcome; and verified whether the working alliance of counselor and client performs as an role of mediation in this process. The research participants were 85 adolescents in 13~19 years old who were waiting for counseling. The results were as follows. First, the EAC of adolescent clients were significantly different from a certain measure methods of counseling outcome. In other words, when the adolescent clients expect the counseling itself in the affirmative, they also perceived high counseling satisfaction. However, it appears that Y-OQ-SR which measures the reduction of symptom was not related to EAC. Second, the EAC affected directly to working alliance. In third, the working alliance of client and counselor affected directly to the counseling satisfaction, but it was not related to Y-OQ-SR. This result indicated that the counseling satisfaction increases in case of the high degree of working alliance, but it is not related to symptom reduction. In addition to it, the more adolescent clients experience the positive emotional-relations in the subordinate element of working alliance, the more number of adolescent clients had high degree of satisfaction for counseling outcome. Forth, the working alliance presented as a complete mediation effect in relation between the EAC of adolescent clients and the counseling outcome. Limitations as well as implications of the study were discussed.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Calcium is important but deficient in diets of young adult women. This study aimed to examine if cognitive factors and eating behaviors differ according to calcium intake based on the Social Cognitive Theory. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Subjects were female college students in Seoul, Korea. Three hundred students completed the questionnaire regarding calcium intake, nutrition knowledge, outcome expectations, self-efficacy and eating behaviors. Data on 240 students were analyzed using t-test or ${\chi}^2$-test. Subjects were categorized into two groups, high calcium intake (HC, ${\geq}650mg/day$) and low calcium intake (LC, < 650 mg/day), according to recommended intakes of calcium for women aged 19-29 years. RESULTS: The LC group constituted 77.9% of total subjects. Nutrition knowledge was not different according to calcium intake. Three out of 12 outcome expectations items were significantly different between the HC and LC groups. Subjects in the HC group agreed more strongly with the practical benefits of consuming calcium-rich foods, including 'taste' (P < 0.01) and 'going well with other snacks' (P < 0.05), compared to those in the LC group. Negative expectations of 'indigestion' were stronger in the LC group than HC group (P < 0.001). Among self-efficacy items, perceived ability of 'eating dairy foods for snacks' (P < 0.001), 'eating dairy foods every day' (P < 0.01), and 'eating calcium-rich side dishes at meals' (P < 0.05) differed significantly between the HC and LC groups. Eating behaviors including more frequent consumption of dairy foods, fruits or fruit juice (P < 0.001), anchovy, seaweeds, green vegetables, protein-rich foods (P < 0.05), and less frequent consumption of sweets or soft drinks (P < 0.01) were significantly related to calcium intake. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that outcome expectations, self-efficacy in consuming calcium-rich foods, and eating behaviors are important in explaining calcium intake. Nutrition education needs to address practical benefits, reduce negative expectations of calcium-rich foods, increase self-efficacy, and modify eating behaviors contributing to calcium intake.

Previous studies on user training have largely focused on assessing models which describe the determinants of information technology usage or examined the effects of training on user satisfaction, productivity, performance, and so on. Scant research efforts have been made, however, to examine those effects of training by using theoretical models. This study presented a conceptual models to predict intention to use information technology and conducted an experiment to understand how training for computer skill acquisition affects primary variables of the model. The data were obtained from 32 student subjects of an experimental group and 31 students of a control group, and the information technology employed for this study was a university electronic mail system. The study results revealed that attitude toward usage and perceived behavioral control helped to predict user intentions ;; outcome expectations were positively related to attitude toward usage ; and self-efficacy was positively related to perceived behavioral control. The hands-on training for the experimental group led to increases in perceived ease of use, self-efficacy and perceived behavioral control. The changes in those variables suggest more causal effects of user training than other survey studies.

Previous studies on user training have largely focused on assessing models which describe the determinants of information technology usage or examined the effects of training on user satisfaction, productivity, performance, and so on. Scant research efforts have been made, however, to examine those effects of training by using theoretical models. This study presented a conceptual model to predict intention to use information technology and conducted an experiment to understand how training for computer skill acquisition affects primary variables of the model. The data were obtained from 32 student subjects of an experimental group and 31 students of a control group, and the information technology employed for this study was a university's electronic mail system. The study results revealed that attitude toward usage and perceived behavioral control helped to predict user intentions; outcome expectations were positively related to attitude toward usage; and self - efficacy and perceived behavioral control. The changes in those variables suggest more causal effects of user training than other survey studies.

The purpose of this study was to investigate structural relationships among engineering self-efficacy, outcome expectation, interest, learning persistence, and career preparation behavior of engineering students. Participants (n=428) completed measures of engineering self-efficacy, outcome expectations, interests, learning persistence, and career preparation behavior. Results from structural equation modeling analysis were found to support the proposed model which included learning persistence and career preparation behavior, influence from engineering self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and interests. In addition, major persistence intention and career preparation behavior of engineering college students are influenced by the direct and indirect effects on engineering self-efficacy, interest, and outcome expectations. The implications of the findings on practice for Korean engineering college students are discussed.

본 연구는 요양시설 직접돌봄제공자의 기능유지간호에 대한 자기효능감 및 결과기대감 도구를 번역한 한국판 기능유지간호에 대한 자기효능감 및 결과기대감 도구의 타당도 및 신뢰도 분석을 통해 문화적인 차이가 있는 원 도구를 한국의 노인 요양시설에 근무하는 간호사에게 적용할 수 있는지 검증하는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 대상자는 전국 69개의 요양시설에 근무하는 간호사 187명으로 자료수집은 구조화된 설문지를 이용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/WIN 21.0과 AMOS 22.0을 이용하여 분석하였으며 구성타당도 검정은 확인적 요인분석으로 시행하였고, 준거타당도 검증을 위해 기능유지간호에 대한 자기효능감 및 결과기대감과 기능유지간호에 대한 지식, 직무만족과의 상관관계를 이용하였다. 연구결과 확인적 요인분석을 통해 구성타당도가 입증되었고, 준거타당도가 검증되었다. 또한, 신뢰도 분석을 통해 도구의 신뢰도가 확인되었다. 본 연구를 통해 번역된 한국어판 기능유지간호에 대한 자기효능감 및 결과기대감 도구가 국내에서 사용할 수 있는 도구임이 검증되었고, 추후 시설 입소노인의 기능유지간호를 위한 초석이 될 것으로 사료된다.

The purpose of this study is to measure the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the self-efficacy for restorative care activity (K-SERCA) scale and the outcome expectations for restorative care activity (K-OERCA) scale. Psychometric testing was given to 187 nurses who have worked in 69 long-term care facilities in South Korea via post service and personal visit. Data were collected via structured-questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 21.0 and AMOS 22.0. Content, construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), criterion validity and internal consistency reliability were conducted. The K-SERCA scale had factor loading of the 10 items ranged from .74 to .87, and was validated by confirmatory factor analysis (CFI=.96, NFI=.94, RMSEA=.10). The K-SERCA scale was also a significantly positive correlation with 'Job satisfaction' (r=.32, p<.001). There was a reliable internal consistency with a Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.94$. The K-OERCA scale had factor loading of the 9 items ranging from .38 to .95, and was validated by confirmatory factor analysis (CFI=.98, NFI=.96, RMSEA=.09). The K-OERCA scale was also a positive correlation with 'Knowledge (r=.26, p<.001)', and 'Job satisfaction (r=.30, p<.001)'. There was a reliable internal consistency with a Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.89$. The results demonstrate that the K-SERCA and K-OERCA scales had satisfactory validity and reliability to measure self-efficacy and outcome expectations for restorative care activities among nurses who have worked in long-term care facilities in South Korea.

본 연구는 대학생의 진로탐색의도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 실증적으로 분석하기 위해 이루어졌다. 실증 분석을 위한 연구모형은 사회인지진로모형(SCCT)을 기반으로 대학생의 특성을 반영하여 도출하였다. 자기효능감과 결과기대를 독립변수로 채택하였다. 이에 대한 선행 변수로 성취경험, 언어적 격려, 대리학습, 긍정적 정서를 채택하였다. 실증분석은 대학생을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 획득한 217부 바탕으로 이루어졌다. 구조방정식으로 검정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 성취경험, 대리학습, 긍정적 정서는 자기효능감에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤다. 또한 언어적 격려와 긍정적 정서는 결과기대에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 언어적 격려는 자기 효능감에 유의한 영향 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났고, 성취경험과 대리학습은 결과기대에 유의한 영향 관계가 검정되지 않았다. 자기효능감과 결과기대 모두 진로 탐색의도에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 영향 관계에 있어서는 결과기대가 자기효능감보다 강한 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 실증 분석 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구가 가지는 학술적 및 실무적 시사점을 제시했다.

This study aimed to empirically analyze the factors influencing the career search intention of college students. The research model was derived based on the Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT), considering the unique characteristics of university students. Self-efficacy and outcome expectations were investigated as independent variables, while mastery experience, verbal persuasion, vicarious learning, and positive emotions were considered as antecedent variables. A survey was conducted among college students in the metropolitan area, resulting in 217 valid responses for analysis. Empirical analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling with AMOS 24. The findings revealed that mastery experience, vicarious learning, and positive emotions had a significant positive effect on self-efficacy. Furthermore, verbal persuasion and positive emotions significantly influenced outcome expectations. However, the impact of verbal persuasion on self-efficacy was not found to be significant, and the relationship between mastery experience, vicarious learning, and outcome expectations was not examined. Both self-efficacy and outcome expectations were found to have a significant positive effect on career search intention, with outcome expectations exhibiting a stronger influence. The empirical results contribute to the understanding of college students' career exploration and provide implications for academic and practical contexts.

본 연구에서는 Holland이론과 사회인지진로이론을 토대로 대학생의 학과적응에 영향을 미치는 주요 변인으로 흥미-학과 일치도와 학업적 자기효능감 및 결과기대를 설정하여, 이들 변인이 대학생의 학과적응에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지, 그리고 상대적인 영향력은 어떠한지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 총 365명의 4년제 대학생들을 대상으로 Holland 흥미유형과 학업적 자기효능감 및 결과기대를 측정하였고, 수집된 자료는 위계적 회귀분석 등을 통해 분석하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 학업적 자기효능감과 결과기대는 학과적응에 정적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 흥미-학과 일치도는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 학과적응에 대한 각 변인들의 상대적 영향력의 크기는 학업적 자기효능감이 결과기대보다 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 학업 수행에 대한 자신감이 높고 학업수행 결과에 대한 기대가 클수록 학과에 대한 적응도도 높아진다는 것을 의미한다. 따라서 대학생들의 학과적응도를 높이기 위해서는 학업적 자기효능감과 결과기대에 대한 개입이 필요하며, 특히 학업적 자기효능감을 높일 수 있는 방안을 모색하는 것이 중요하다고 볼 수 있다. 또한 학생의 흥미유형과 학과 간의 일치도가 Holland의 일치성 가정과는 달리 학과적응에 영향을 미치지 않았다는 점은 대학의 전공 선택과 관련된 상담에서 흥미 이외의 다른 변인들에 대한 고려가 필요하다는 것을 시사한다.

This study, with a basis on Holland Theory and Social Cognitive Career Theory,explored the influences of interest-major congruence, academic self-efficacy, and outcome expectations on the college students' adjustment to academic majors, as well as the relative strengths of these influences. We surveyed 365 university students on measures of interest-major congruence, academic self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and adjustment to academic majors. Results indicated that academic self-efficacy and outcome expectations predicted students' adjustment to academic majors, but interest-major congruence did not. In addition, academic self-efficacy was a stronger predictor than outcome expectations. The findings implied that counselors may intervene to improve college students' adjustment to academic majors

Based on Social Cognitive Career Theory, this study examined how digital career learning experiences affect career outcome expectations among engineering undergraduates at a university of technology in Shandong Province, China. It also analyzed the mediating role of career decision-making self-efficacy. Digital career learning experiences included online career information search, university career platforms, remote counseling, online mentoring, role model observation through social media and videos, and digital portfolio development. The sub-factors were performance accomplishments, verbal persuasion, vicarious learning, emotional stability, and positive emotion. Data were collected from 262 engineering undergraduates and analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, supplementary regression analysis with control variables, and bootstrap-based mediation analysis. The results showed that vicarious learning, emotional stability, and positive emotion significantly predicted career outcome expectations. Verbal persuasion, vicarious learning, emotional stability, and positive emotion significantly predicted career decision-making self-efficacy. Career decision-making self-efficacy fully mediated the effects of vicarious learning and emotional stability and partially mediated the effect of positive emotion. Verbal persuasion showed a suppression effect, while performance accomplishments had no significant effect. These findings suggest that digital career support should strengthen role model learning, emotional stability, and positive career-related emotions.

본 연구에서는 개인의 객관적 사회경제적 지위, 경제적 어려움, 주관적 사회경제적 지위와 진로 결과기대의 관계에서 진로결정 학습경험과 진로결정 자기효능감이 어떤 역할을 하는지 확인하였다. 연구를 위해 국내의 4년제 대학에 재학중인 3학년 이상의 대학생 255명을 대상으로 온라인 설문을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 본 연구의 최종 모형은 자료에 적합하였으며 진로 결과기대 변량의 약 73%를 설명하였다. 변인들의 직접 경로와 간접 경로를 검증한 결과, 모든 가설적 경로가 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로 객관적 사회경제적 지위와 진로 결과기대의 관계를 주관적 사회경제적 지위, 진로결정 학습경험, 진로결정 자기효능감이 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 경제적 어려움과 진로 결과기대의 관계를 주관적 사회경제적 지위, 진로결정 학습경험, 진로결정 자기효능감이 매개한 간접경로도 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 진로결정 과정에서 사회경제적 지위와 학습경험 및 자기효능감이 진로 결과기대에 미치는 영향을 확인하였으며, 사회인지진로이론의 이론적 틀을 검증하였다. 또한 주관적 사회경제적 지위와 진로결정 학습경험이 진로 상담에서 중요하게 개입될 수 있음을 시사하였다. 본 연구는 표본의 제한과 방법론의 한계가 있었으며 추후 연구를 위해 집단의 다양화, 종단적 연구를 제안하였다.

This study, grounded in Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT), aims to examine the roles of career decision-making learning experiences and career decision-making self-efficacy in mediating the relationships between both objective and subjective socioeconomic status, economic hardship, and career outcome expectations among university students. A sample of 255 students from various four-year universities across South Korea participated in this research. The results from structural equation modeling(SEM) indicate that the final model demonstrated a good fit to the data, explaining approximately 73% of the variance in career outcome expectations. The analysis of direct paths revealed significant effects for all hypothesized pathways. Furthermore, the study found that subjective socioeconomic status, career decision-making learning experiences, and career decision-making self-efficacy significantly mediated the relationship between objective socioeconomic status and career outcome expectations. Similarly, these variables also mediated the relationship between economic hardship and career outcome expectations. This research contributes to the literature by highlighting the importance of socioeconomic factors and career decision-making processes in shaping career expectations. Additionally, it underscores the relevance of subjective socioeconomic status and career-related learning experiences in career counseling interventions. The study concludes with recommendations for future research, suggesting the need for a more diverse sample and the inclusion of longitudinal studies to further explore these relationships.

The purpose of this study is to understand the factors influencing sustainable eating behavior among consumers using social cognitive theory, which explains individual moral behavioral changes through multidimensional psychological mechanisms. While the importance of sustainable eating behavior is increasingly emphasized due to societal issues such as global warming, consumers face various ethical dilemmas when they seek to pursue sustainable eating behavior. However, there is limited research that examines this from an ethical consumption perspective. Therefore, this study aimed to deeply analyze and understand the factors influencing ethical consumption behavior patterns. The research findings revealed several key points. Firstly, it was found that green food consumption self-efficacy positively influences sustainable eating behavior. Secondly, it was confirmed that outcome expectations mediate this relationship. Thirdly, the understanding of the food system moderates the mediating effect between individual outcome expectations and sustainable eating behavior. Fourthly, the understanding of the food system also moderates the relationship between green food consumption self-efficacy and sustainable eating behavior. In conclusion, this study is significant in that it empirically investigates sustainable eating behavior from an ethical consumption perspective, which has been scarce in previous research. Additionally, it demonstrates that the dimension of outcome expectations may vary depending on environmental and social conditions compared to previous studies.

본 연구는 사회인지진로이론(SCCT)의 통합모형을 바탕으로, 대학생의 자기효능감이 진로만족에 미치는 영향을 진로결과기대와 진로준비행동의 순차적 매개를 통해 살펴보고, 이 경로에서 지각된 학교진로지원의 조절된 매개효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 한국의 4년제 대학교에 재학 중인 대학생 582명을 대상으로 온라인 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 자기효능감, 진로결과기대, 진로준비행동, 학교진로지원 인식, 진로만족을 측정하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS의 PROCESS macro(Model 6, Model 83)를 활용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 자기효능감은 진로결과기대를 유의하게 예측하였으며, 진로결과기대는 진로준비행동을 매개로 진로만족에 이르는 순차적 매개효과가 나타났다. 아울러, 지각된 학교진로지원은 자기효능감이 진로결과기대에 미치는 경로와 전체 간접효과를 조절하여 조절된 매개효과가 존재함을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 진로결정 및 실행 과정에서 개인 내적 요인과 환경적 요인의 상호작용적 기제를 강조하며, 대학생의 진로만족을 높이기 위해서는 통합적이고 체계적인 진로상담 및 학교 기반의 지원체계가 중요함을 시사한다.

This study investigated the influence of self-efficacy on career satisfaction among university students within the framework of Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT). It focused on the sequential mediating roles of outcome expectations and career preparation behavior, together with the moderated mediation effect of perceived school career support. A total of 582 undergraduate students enrolled in four-year universities in South Korea participated in an online survey assessing self-efficacy, outcome expectations, career preparation behavior, perceived university career support, and career satisfaction. Data were analyzed using the SPSS PROCESS macro, employing Model 6 to test serial mediation and Model 83 to examine moderated mediation. The results revealed a significant serial mediation effect, wherein self-efficacy positively predicted outcome expectations, which in turn promoted career preparation behavior, leading to higher career satisfaction. Furthermore, perceived university career support significantly moderated both the direct effect of self-efficacy on outcome expectations and the overall indirect effect on career satisfaction, providing empirical support for a moderated mediation model. These findings underscore the interplay between individual psychological factors and contextual institutional resources in the career development process and emphasize the importance of university-level support systems in strengthening the positive pathways from self-efficacy to career satisfaction.

본 연구의 목적은 문화적 자기관이 전문적 도움추구 태도에 미치는 영향에 있어 자기개방에 대한 결과 기대의 매개효과를 확인함으로써, 집단주의 문화권 내에서 전문적 도움을 방해하거나 촉진하는 특성들을 밝히는 데 있다. 본 연구를 위해 상담 경험이 없는 잠재적 내담자 467명을 대상으로 주체성ㆍ대상성ㆍ자율성 자기 질문지(SOAS), 노출 기대 질문지(DES), 전문적 도움추구 태도 질문지(ATSPPH)를 실시하였고, 매개효과 검증을 위해 상관분석 및 회귀분석을 사용하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 문화적 자기관(주체성ㆍ대상성ㆍ자율성 자기관)이 전문적 도움추구 태도에 미치는 영향을 알아본 결과, 자율성 자기관만이 전문적 도움추구에 유의미한 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 문화적 자기관이 전문적 도움추구 태도에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 자기개방에 대한 결과(위험ㆍ유용성 기대)의 매개효과가 있는지 알아본 결과, 자기개방에 대한 위험 기대는 대상성 자기관이 전문적 도움추구 태도에 미치는 효과를 부분적으로 매개하는 것으로 나타났고, 자기개방에 대한 유용성 기대는 자율성 자기관이 전문적 도움추구 태도에 미치는 효과를 부분적으로 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 의의 및 제한점과 후속 연구에 대한 제언을 논의하였다.

This study aimed to investigate the mediating effects of outcome expectations for self-disclosure on the relation between cultural self-construal and attitudes toward seeking professional help, eventually to identify cultural traits that would facilitate or interfere with seeking professional help. A sample of 467 adults without counseling experiences completed Subjective Objective Autonomous Self-construal Scale, Disclosure Expectation Scale, Attitude Toward Seeking Professional Help Scale. The results of this study were as follows. First, only autonomous selfconstrual predicted the attitudes toward seeking professional help. Second, anticipated risks partially mediated the relationship between objective self-construal and attitudes toward seeking professional help. Anticipated benefits partially mediated the relationship between autonomous self-construal and attitudes toward seeking professional help. Limitations of the current study and suggestion for future research were discussed.

본 연구에서는 선행연구를 바탕으로 지각된 맥락적지지가 공학효능감과 결과기대를 매개로 전공소속감에 영향을 미치는 인과적 구조모형을 설정하고, 그 적합도 및 개별 변수의 영향력을 살펴보았다. 연구를 위해 서울 소재 4년제 대학에 재학 중인 공과대학 학생 389명을 대상으로 맥락적지지, 공학효능감, 결과기대, 전공소속감으로 구성된 설문을 실시하였다. 구조방정식 모형을 통한 자료 분석 결과, 지각된 맥락적지지와 전공소속감의 관계를 공학효능감과 결과기대가 부분 매개하는 모형이 최적의 모형인 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로, 맥락적지지는 공학효능감, 결과기대, 전공소속감에 유의미한 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 결과기대는 전공소속감에 유의미한 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 공학효능감은 전공소속감에 유의미한 부적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 간접효과를 살펴본 결과 맥락적지지와 전공소속감의 관계에서 결과기대의 매개효과 또한 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 성별에 따라 구조모형의 적합도를 검증한 결과 두 집단 모두에서 부분매개모형이 최적의 모형이었으며, 개별 변수들의 경로계수는 남녀에 따라 유의미한 차이가 없었다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 공과대학 학생들의 전공소속감을 높이기 위한 방안과 후속연구들에 대한 제언을 논의하였다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the applicability of social cognitive career theory (SCCT) in a cross-cultural setting by examining the relationships between the social cognitive variables of South Korean engineering students and their engineering interests and major choice goals across university type and gender. Participants (N = 389) completed measures of academic self-efficacy, coping self-efficacy, outcome expectations, engineering interests, contextual supports and barriers, and major choice goals. The results of the study revealed that the SCCT interest and major choice model offered an adequate overall fit to the full sample. The findings also indicated that the SCCT interest and choice model provided an acceptable fit to the data across gender. The implications of the findings on practice for counseling South Korean engineering college students are discussed.

Objectives : To identify potential correlation between patients' expectations and clinical outcome in a randomized control study of acupuncture. Methods : In a clinical trial of acupuncture for hypertension, 60 participants with pre and mild hypertension were randomized into an acupuncture group and a control group. After randomization, all participants were asked to rate their expectation for the intervention on a scale of 0 to 10. To analyze the effect of expectation on clinical outcome, change of blood pressure was compared between high and low expectation groups. Results : There was no significant difference of baseline blood pressure between low expectation group and high expectation group. Proportion of acupuncture group and control group was also not different between low and high expectation groups (p = 0.638). The change of systolic blood pressure was -1.55 mmHg in low expectation group and -3.07 mmHg in high expectation group, and it was not significantly different (p = 0.54). There was no significant difference in the change of diastolic blood pressure between two groups (p = 0.58), with -3.24 mmHg in low expectation group and -2.34 mmHg in high expectation group. Conclusion : In this study, the expectation of intervention (including acupuncture treatment) was not associated with the effect of intervention.