Earticle

In advanced countries, various policies are being enforced to reduce equipment noise level at it’s source. This paper analyses the problems of domestic noise policies related to noisy equipment, and presents a plan for improving the implementation of expansion policy of low noise equipment based on this analysis. This paper proposes that the equipment satisfying the compulsory rule be able to use the environmental certification mark, the standards of which are defined in recommended rules, to improve the linkage between the two policy measures. This paper also suggests expanding the range of equipment to be supervised and using new noise label that has grades and shows detailed noise level of the equipment to improve environmental certification system. In addition, supplementing the construction permission system and supporting international certification system are offered to expand the use of low noise equipment.

Vehicular positioning with GPS/IMU has been studied a lot to increase positioning accuracy. The positioning algorithms mainly use DR (Dead Reckoning) which uses EKF (Extended Kalman Filter). It is basic and very important core technology in positioning section. However, EKF has a major drawback in that it is impossible to make very accurate system and measurement models for a real environment. In this work, we propose an algorithm to estimate vehicle’s position as distribution form, and to control the system and measurement noise covariance to compensate for this major disadvantage. The proposed method to control noise covariance is independently processed, using fading factor and sensor error while considering the driving condition.

Green Technology is widely explored to manufacture materials from agricultural waste by-products as substitute to synthetic fibers and wooden-based materials for acoustic absorption purposes. This study was conducted the coconut coir (CC) natural fibers bound with sodium silicate as sound reducers. Boards were fabricated using 40g of CC mixed with 400mL of 20% sodium silicate solution, casted in 8”x 8”x 1⁄2”, compressed for 24h, and sun-dried for 8h. Sound Pressure level (SPL) before and after acoustic board insertions were monitored from 50-5000Hz frequency range using an acoustic chamber. A three-layer egg board was used as positive control. Three replications were conducted. Data showed that CC-sodium silicate based absorber can effectively reduce the sound pressure level. The maximum noise absorption peak (MNAP) for CC acoustic board occurs between 50 to 550Hz, while between 1950Hz to 2100Hz for the positive control. Results suggests that coconut coir based acoustic board was causing in attenuating sounds at low frequency range, while the positive control could reduce sounds efficiently at high frequency range. Data revealed that the fabricated board could be a potential sound-proofing medium. This innovative acoustic absorber board showed its viability as low-cost, biodegradable, and eco-friendly material compare to glass fiber and mineral based synthetic materials.

최근 보복ㆍ난폭운전에 대해 사회적 관심이 높아지고 그 위험성이 커지면서 처벌규정을 담은「도로교통법」개정안이 입법을 통하여 2016년 2월부터 시행되고 있지만, 여전히 보복ㆍ난폭운전은 매년 증가하는 추세이다. 자동차는 일상생활에서 국민들과 가장 밀접한 생활수단이자 편리함을 가져다주는 교통수단이지만, 한편으로는 국민들에게 가장 큰 위험을 주는 흉기로 변해버린다는 점이며 이로 인해 인명피해와 교통 혼잡에 따른 사회적 비용발생 등 많은 부작용을 초래하고 있다. 이와 같이 자동차는 편리한 이동수단이지만, 교통범죄의 원인제공과 위험한 물건을 휴대한 범죄 도구로 이용되고 있는 것이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 보복ㆍ난폭운전에 대한 정확한 이해와 개념을 정의하고 우리나라의 법제도 와 함께 각국의 규제제도를 분석하여 법률상 기준을 명확히 제시하고자 하였다. 이에 따라 보복ㆍ난폭 운전의 원인을 운전자 개인의 심리적ㆍ피해요인적 관점보다는 법제도적인 문제점을 도출하여 실효적 개선방안을 찾고자 하였다. 특히 보복ㆍ난폭운전의 행위 유형에 대한 세부기준의 명확화가 필요함을 제언하였다. 또한 운전면허제도의 부실에 따른 난폭운전의 원인을 개선하고자 교통안교 육의 의무기간을 강화하는 한편, 운전예절 등 돌발 상황에 대처할 수 있는 운전면허취득제도의 강화방안을 제시하였다. 이러한 제도개선을 통하여 보복ㆍ난폭운전을 예방하고 안전운전이 습관화된 선진교통문화가 정착될 수 있는 계기를 마련하고자 하였다.

It is undeniable that the Korean people are suffering from unwanted assembly noise. This may be attributed to the inadequacy of laws stipulated in the Constitution, such as the right to pursue happiness (Article 10), the right to live like a human being (Article 34), and the right to a pleasant environment (Article 35). Regarding freedom of assembly, Article 21 (1) of the Constitution stipulates 'freedom of assembly and association for all citizens', and Article 37 (2) stipulates that 'All freedoms and rights of the people are 'to ensure national security, maintain order, or public It is stipulated that restrictions may be 'restricted by law only in cases where it is necessary for welfare. Therefore, freedom of assembly and association may also be restricted if necessary for maintaining order, etc. Basically, based on the 'Assembly and Demonstration Act (hereinafter referred to as the Assembly Law)' , the applicable regulations may apply. However, as 'the essential part of freedom and rights' cannot be infringed as stipulated in Article 37 (2) of the Constitution, it is impossible to essentially ban assemblies and demonstrations. It will be said that it is necessary to achieve harmony between freedom of assembly and maintenance of public order. Although freedom of assembly is a fundamental right under the Constitution (Article 21 (1) and (2)), it stipulates that it may be restricted by law (Article 37 (2)) if necessary for national security, maintenance of order, or public welfare. In addition, Article 35 of the Constitution stipulates that all citizens have the right to live in a healthy and comfortable environment. This is suggested as a regulation that guarantees freedom of assembly while also guaranteeing freedom of privacy. Therefore, in this study, considering that noise issues during assemblies account for more than 90% of civil complaints, we review and propose effective noise standards that do not infringe on the privacy of others and the basic rights of assembly guaranteed by the Constitution. Of course, the objective of maintaining order and realizing the assembly of lawyers can be achieved through the improvement of the legal system. This will also serve as an opportunity to establish an advanced assembly and demonstration culture in which rights and duties are harmonized.

우리나라 국민들은 유독 원치 않는 집회소음에 시달리고 있다는 점은 부인할 수 없는 사실이다. 이는 헌법상 행복추구권(제10조), 인간답게 생활할 권리(제34조), 쾌적한 환경권(제35조) 등 기본권과 평등권에 배치되는 법제도의 미비에서 비롯된다 할 것이 다. 집회의 자유는 헌법 제21조 제1항은 ‘모든 국민에게 집회․결사의 자유’가 있으며, 제37조 제2항은 ‘국민의 모든 자유와 권리는 국가안전보장․질서유지 또는 공공복리를 위하여 필요한 경우에 한하여 법률로써 제한’할 수 있다고 규정하고 있다. 따라서 집회․ 결사의 자유도 질서유지 등을 위하여 필요한 경우 제한될 수 있으며, 기본적으로 ‘집회 및 시위에 관한 법률(이하 집시법)’에 근거하여 필요시 집회의 금지․제한이나 해산 등 규정에 저촉되면, 해당 규정을 적용할 수 있다. 다만, 헌법 제37조 제2항에서 규정하는 것과 같이 ‘자유와 권리의 본질적인 부분’까지 침해할 수 없으므로 집회․시위 등을 본질적으로 금지하는 것은 불가능하며, 설령 이를 금지․제한하더라도 그 범위를 최소화함으 로써 집회의 자유와 공공질서유지의 조화를 이루는 것이 필요하다고 할 것이다. 집회의 자유는 헌법상 기본권(제21조제1항․제2항)이지만, 국가안전보장․질서유지 또 는 공공복리를 위하여 필요한 경우 법률로써 제한(제37조제2항)할 수 있다고 규정하고 있고, 또한 헌법 제35조에는 모든 국민은 건강하고 쾌적한 환경에서 생활할 권리를 가진 다고 명시하고 있다. 이는 집회의 자유를 보장하면서 한편으로는 사생활의 자유를 보장 받을 수 있음을 근거규정으로 제시하고 있는 것이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 집회 개최시 발생되는 소음문제가 민원발생의 90%이상을 차 지하고 있다는 점을 감안하여 실효성 있는 소음기준을 검토하여 제시함으로써, 헌법상 보장된 집회의 자유라는 기본권과 타인의 사생활을 침해하지 않는 평온권의 조화로움을 구현할 수 있도록 불균형적인 법 제도의 개정이 뒷 받침이 되어야 함은 물론 이러한 법 제도의 개선을 통하여 질서유지와 준법 집회의 실현이라는 목적을 달성할 수 있다. 또한 이를 통해 권리와 의무가 조화된 선진 집회․시위문화가 정착될 수 있는 계기가 될 것이다.

It is undeniable that the Korean people are suffering from unwanted assembly noise. It can be said that this is due to the inadequacy of the legal system that runs counter to basic rights and equal rights such as the right to pursue happiness (Article 10), the right to live like a human being (Article 34), and the right to a pleasant environment (Article 35) in the Constitution. Freedom of assembly is stipulated in Article 21 (1) of the Constitution, 'All citizens have freedom of association', and in Article 37 (2) of the Constitution, 'All freedoms and rights of the people are the guarantee of national security, maintenance of order, and public welfare. If necessary, such as protection, it may be restricted by law. Therefore, freedom of assembly and association may also be restricted if necessary for maintaining order, etc. Basically, based on the 'Assembly and Demonstration Act (hereinafter referred to as the Assembly Law)' , the applicable regulations may apply. However, as 'the essential part of freedom and rights' cannot be infringed as stipulated in Article 37 (2) of the Constitution, it is impossible to essentially ban assemblies and demonstrations. It will be said that it is necessary to achieve harmony between freedom of assembly and maintenance of public order. Although freedom of assembly is a fundamental right under the Constitution (Article 21 (1) and (2)), it stipulates that it may be restricted by law (Article 37 (2)) if necessary for national security, maintenance of order, or public welfare. In addition, Article 35 of the Constitution stipulates that all citizens have the right to live in a healthy and comfortable environment. This provides the basis for the provision that freedom of assembly can be guaranteed while freedom of privacy can be guaranteed on the other hand. Therefore, in this study, considering that noise issues during assembly events account for more than 90% of civil complaints, effective noise standards are reviewed and presented to infringe on the fundamental right of freedom of assembly guaranteed by the Constitution and the privacy of others. In order to realize the harmony of the peaceful realm that does not exist, the revision of the unbalanced legal system must be supported, and the objective of maintaining order and realizing law-abiding meetings can be achieved through the improvement of the legal system. This will also serve as an opportunity to establish an advanced assembly and demonstration culture in which rights and duties are harmonized.

We present a noise control algorithm that produces temporally coherent artistic styles on movie files. Our algorithm is devised using a template to preserve the temporal coherence of the artistic effects produced on the frames composing a video. In the first step, we produce a set of triangular meshes embedding the contents of a frame. We, then, generate noise in the coordinate system defined by the templates. We finally apply a texture coverage scheme to preserve the coherence of the noise distribution inside the templates. For the noise outside the templates, we propose local recursive filters that interpolate the noise between frames.

소음이 심각한 환경공해로 인식하면서 쾌적한 생활환경을 만들기 위한 다각적인 노력이 진행되고 있으며, 또한 많은 민원이 증가되고 있는 추세이다. 특히 도심 인근에 설치된 대용량 변압기에서 발생하는 소음은 근무자의 작업 환경을 열악케 하는 직접적인 요인이 될 뿐만 아니라 정신적인 스트레스를 받게 되어 작업능률 저하되고 인접한 주민들의 일상생활 환경을 저해하는 요인이 되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 변압기의 멀티피크소음을 줄이는 능동소음제어시스템을 개발하고 현장실험을 통해 확인하고자 한다.

In China, environmental noise policies are composed of correlated laws adopted by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and promulgated by the President of the country, regulations promulgated by the State Council and/or local government, standards issued by the Standardization Administration Committee (SAC) under the State Council. The laws mainly include the 'Environmental Protection Law' and the 'Law on Prevention and Control of Pollution From Environmental Noise' Regulations are often applied to a special noise pollution phenomenon of wide influence. They are generally only effective in a given area and/or a specific period. Tens of correlated standards specify the noise level limits of different functional zones of land use and of different equipment, machines, devices, appliances etc., and the measurement methods. In this presentation, a brief introduction to these policies and their operations is given and discussed. The conclusion is that the policies supply an effective legislative basis for environmental noise prevention and control in China, but still a lot of work should be conducted and completed to strive for a quiet society.

능동소음제어에서 널리 사용되는 FxLMS 알고리즘은 비정상 잡음환경에서 불안정하게 동작하는 경우가 있다. 이와 같은 문제를 해결하기 위하여, Sun과 Akhtar는 FxLMS 알고리즘의 갱신 과정에서 기준신호를 수정하는 방법을 제안하였다. 그러나 이들의 방법은 임펄스 노이즈가 발생할 경우 만족스러운 안정성을 보여주지 못하였다. 본 논문에서 제안된 알고리즘은 확률추정과 영교차율을 이용하여 능동소음제어의 안정성과 성능을 개선하였다. 또한 최적의 파라미터 선정을 위하여 퍼지 추론을 사용하였다. 제안된 방법의 실험결과 비정상 잡음환경에서 기존의 방법에 비하여 우수한 안정성과 빠른 수렴속도를 보여줬다.

The famous filtered-x least mean square (FxLMS) algorithm for active noise control (ANC) systems may become unstable in non-stationary noise environment. To solve this problem, Sun's algorithm and Akhtar's algorithm are developed based on modifying the reference signal in update of FxLMS algorithm, but these two algorithms have dissatisfactory stability in dealing with sustaining impulsive noise. In proposed algorithm, probability estimation and zero-crossing rate (ZCR) control are used to improve the stability and performance, at the same time, an optimal parameter selection based on fuzzy system is utilized. Computer simulation results prove the proposed algorithm has faster convergence and better stability in non-stationary noise environment.

The active noise control which regards the acoustic power as a target function to be minimized, is analyzed to test its feasibility of which simplifies the measurement system compared with the global acoustic energy based active noise control system. In fact, it is found that the acoustic power based active noise control strategy is equally likely as good as the global acoustic energy based active noise control method if the acoustic field of interest is diffusive or very low model density one. In the intermediate model density field, we also demonstrate that the power based control gives the similar results as the energy based control in terms of global sound energy reduction for the lightly damped enclosure which might be most important system in practical application. From all the theoretical and power based control strategy is dependent on the characteristics of the acoustic field to be controlled; i.e., the model density distribution, the degree of reverberation, and on the strength of modal interaction of the control source with the primary source; i.e., the location of control source.

Recently, the demand for the Floating, Production, Storage, and Offloading facility (FPSO) which has some economic and technical advantages, has increased in offshore oil production areas. The 36,8000 DWT class FPSO was built in Hyundai Heavy Industries and will be installed in Offshore Angola. She dose not have self-propulsion system, but has additional facilities for oil production and positioning system. Main noise sources are contributing to the cabin noise of the accommodation are classified into three classes such as the machinery in the engine room and the deckhouse, HVAC system, and the topside equipments. In general, the noise regulation for the offshore structure is severer than that of the cargo ship and acceptable noise limit of cabin is specified as 45 dB(A). This paper describes the procedure of noise analysis, the countermeasures of noise control, and the measurement results of the quay trial. In order to minimize the noise levels, careful attention have to be paid by the special committee of experts from the initial design stage to the delivery. Proper countermeasures, considering the characteristics of sources and receiver spaces, were applied from the noise prediction and various experiment results. Finally, this ship was successfully delivered with excellent noise properties. The technology to minimize the noise levels for FPSO has been established throughout the construction of this ship.

This paper proposes a voice enhancing ear-protection system which is based on feedback active noise control(FBANC). The proposed system selectively suppresses the background noise and preserves the talking voice by controlling the adaptive algorithm with the voice activity period detection module. The noise reduction performance of the proposed noise canceling algorithm is analytically derived for the two key performance affecting parameters, i.e., electro-acoustic coupling distance and noise bandwidth. The proposed system is also implemented with a floating-point DSP system and its performance is experimentally tested to compare with the analytically derived results. The achieved levels of noise reduction for the three different noise bandwidths cases, i.e., 10Hz, 50Hz, and 90Hz, are high to show 17.05dB, 10.54dB and 8.99dB, respectively. The feasibility of the proposed system is also shown by the peak noise reduction achieved more than 25dB while preserving the voice component in the frequency range between 200-800Hz.

In this paper an active random noise control using adaptive learning rate neural networks is presented. The adaptive learning rate strategy increases the learning rate by a small constant if the current partial derivative of the objective function with respect to the weight and the exponential average of the previous derivatives have the same sign, otherwise the learning rate is decreased by a proportion of its value. The use of an adaptive learning rate attempts to keep the learning step size as large as possible without leading to oscillation. It is expected that a cost function minimize rapidly and training time is decreased. Numerical simulations and experiments of active random noise control with the transfer function of the error path will be performed, to validate the convergence properties of the adaptive learning rate Neural Networks. Control results show that adaptive learning rate Neural Networks control structure can outperform linear controllers and conventional neural network controller for the active random noise control.

This paper presents vibration and noise control of flexible structures using squeeze mode electro-rheological mounts. After verifying that the damping force of the ER mount can be controlled by the intensity of the electric fild, two different types of ER squeeze mounts have been devised. Firstly, a small size ER mount to support 3 kg is manufactured and applied to the frame structure to control the vibration. An optimal controller which consists of the velocity and the transmitted force feedback signals is designed and implemented to attenuate both the vibration and the transmitted forces. Secondly, a large size of ER mount to support 200 kg is devised and applied to the shell structure to reduce the radiated noise. Dynamic modeling and controller design are undertaken in order to evaluate noise control performance as well as isolation performance of the transmitted force. The radiated noise from the cylindrical shell is calculated by SYSNOISE using forces which are transmitted to the cylindrical shell through two-stage mounting system.

Various experimental data, including mixing areas, cross correlation factors, surface flow patterns on nozzle walls, and far field noise spectra, was used to draw a noise control mechanism in a supersonic jet. In the underexpanded case, mixing of the jet air with ambient air was significantly enhanced as presented before, and mixing noise was also dramatically reduced. Screech tones, in the overexpanded case, were effectively suppressed by trailing edge modifications, although mixing enhancement was not noticeable. From mixing and noise performance of nozzles with modified trailing edges, enhancing mixing through streamwise vortices seems an effective way to reduce mixing noise in the underexpanded flow regime. However, screech tones in the overespanded flow regime is well controlled or suppressed by making shock cells and/or spanwise large scale structures irregular and/or less organized by a proper selection of trailing edges. The noise field in the overexpanded flow regime was greatly affected by the symmetricity of the nozzle exit geometry. In the underexpanded flow regime, the effects of the symmetricity of the nozzle exit on mixing were negligible.

In this paper we present Multiple-Channel Active Noise Control[ANC] system by employing Independent Component Analysis[ICA] and Adaptive Network Fuzzy Inference System[ANFIS]. ICA is widely used in signal processing and communication and it use prewhiting and appropriate choice of non-linearities, ICA can separate mixed signal. ANFIS controller is trained with the hybrid learning algorithm to optimize its parameters for adaptively canceling noise. This new method which minimizes a statistical dependency of mutual information(MI) in mixed low frequency noise signal and there is no need to secondary path modeling. The proposed implementations achieve more powerful and stable noise reduction than Filtered-X LMS algorithms which is needed for LTI assumption and precise secondary error

This paper deal with the implementation of Active Noise Control (ANC) in a short duct. In case of ANC in the air duct, input microphone, control speaker, error microphone are used. But we can't use input microphone because of the characteristics of short duct. It is difficult to avoid howl. So we propose single-channel adaptive feedback ANC which is composed only error microphone and control speaker without input microphone. FXLMS algorithm is used to compensate for the time delay of the error path. Experimental results show that the controller reduce noise signal sufficiently.

We research ed on the noise control of a head feeding type combine harvester. It is a kind of combine harvester developed in Japan. And at present, it is used by most Japanese farmer. For a head-feeding type combine harvester it is very difficult to determine the sources of noise because it is a combination of reapers and automatic , threshers and several running parts. However we succeeded in finding out the sound sources of combine harvesters and analyzing their sound by the using sound intensity method. The sound intensity Method is a very up-to-date method to measure and analyze Sound Intensity Levels and sound directions at several measuring point sin a specified area. In this research, first a conventional sound level measurement method is used and secondly the sound intensity method. The first method shows a rather great limitation in allowed exposure duration. The second method shows pin-points the engine itself as being the main source of noise, causing sound flows a ross the operator's seat.