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이 연구는 사회적 집단감염사태가 운동선수에게 가져온 변화를 확인하는 목적으로 수행되었다. 이 연구의 목적을 위해 대한체육회 등록된 운동선수 140명을 연구대상으로 선정하였으며, 자료수집은 개방형설문지를 활용하여 코로나 19로 인해 운동선수에게 생긴 변화에 대한 개방형 문항을 구성하여 조사를 실시하였다. 또한 조사된 응답은 긍정응답과 부정응답으로 구분하였으며, 구분된 단어는 키워드네트워크 분석을 위해 1-모드 행렬이 필요하기 때문에 Krkwic 소프 트웨어 프로그램을 활용하여 1-모드 행렬을 생성하였다. 생성된 행렬은 Netminer 프로그램을 적용하여 연결중앙성 분석을 실시하였으며, 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 운동선수들이 코로나 19로 인해 생긴 변화 긍정 응답에서 가장 많이 언급된 키워드는 부상(20회)으로 나타났으며, 두 번째로 언급이 높은 키워드는 시간(17회) 그리고 세 번째는 휴식 (15회)으로 나타났다. 긍정 응답에서 가장 많이 언급된 부상 키워드에서 가장 빈번히 함께 출현하는 키워드는 시간, 여유, 기간 키워드로 분석되었으며, 시간 키워드에서는 운동, 휴식, 부상으로 나타났다. 휴식 키워드에서는 시간, 운동, 회복 키워드로 분석되었다. 둘째, 운동선수들이 코로나 19로 인해 생긴 변화에서 부정 응답으로 가장 많이 언급된 키워드는 시합으로 조사되었다. 또한 두 번째로 언급이 높은 키워드는 훈련, 세 번째는 몸과 저하로 나타났다. 부정 응답에서 가장 많이 언급된 시합 키워드와 함께 출현하는 키워드는 훈련, 감각, 체력 키워드로 분석되었으며, 훈련 키워드와 함께 가장 빈번히 출현하는 키워드는 시합, 몸, 저하로 나타났다. 몸 키워드에서는 훈련, 휴식, 저하로 나타났다.

This study was conducted to explore and identify the changes that social group infections have brought to athletes. For this research, 140 athletes registered with the Korea Sports Council were selected for the research. The data collection was conducted with open questionnaires on the changes that the restriction on participation in sports caused by COVID-19. The collected data were classified into positive and negative responses, and the delimited words were created using the Krkwic software program because a one-mode matrix was required for keyword network analysis. The generated matrix was applied with Netminer Program to perform a centrality analysis, and the results of the study were as follows. First, the most frequently mentioned keywords in the positive responses of changes caused by COVID-19 were injuries (20 times), the second most mentioned keyword was a time (17 times), and the third was rest (15 times). Keywords that appear most frequently together with injury keywords mentioned in positive responses were time, leisure, and duration, for keywords of time showed exercise, rest, and injury. In rest keywords, time, exercise, and recovery were frequently mentioned. Second, the keyword most frequently mentioned as a negative response in changes caused by COVID-19 was competition (78 times) followed by training (71 times) and physical deterioration (19 times). Keywords appearing with the most frequently mentioned with a word match in the negative response were showed as training, sense, and physical strength. The most frequently appearing keywords along with training were competition, body, and degradation. The body was mentioned with training, relaxation, and degradation.

This paper is an analysis about the meaning area, the emergence tendency, predicate form of that “Cheonhyeo” and “Sappari”. The result is:1.In terms of the meaning field, “Cheonhyeo” means is ｢Tomuji(at all)｣｢Wanjeonhi(totally)｣｢Aju(very)｣｢Oroji(only)｣. In terms of the meaning field “Sappari” means is ｢Sukkiri(clean)｣｢Assari(with good grace)｣｢Sukkari(all)｣ ｢Zenzen(at all)｣. Which means “Sappari” is more frequently used in a negative expression. “Cheonhyeo” is more frequently used in a positive expression than “Sappari”. 2.In terms of appearance tendency, 36.8% of “Sappari” appears in ｢dialogue｣ and 89.0% of “Cheonhyeo” appears in ｢description｣. It is also proved that “Sappari” is more colloquial and “Cheonhyeo” is a more written style. 3.In terms of corresponding predicate forms, “Cheonhyeo” is appears in ｢verb＋infinitive｣ form, and ｢noun＋infinitive｣ form. “Cheonhyeo” is the infinitive and the response rate 73%, and there are a lot of negative response to the predicate type. “Sappari” is appear in ｢verb＋ない(negative)｣, ｢noun＋ない(negative)｣, ｢adjective(verb)｣ forms. 4.Corresponding predicate types are, “Cheonhyeo” has ｢noun＋no exist｣ forms are for the most lot. But “Sappari” has ｢分からない(don’t know)｣ forms are 65.0%(5 sentence). Whose the advent of the frequency is the fourth. In addition, the second frequent predicate of “Cheonhyeo” is ｢not do｣for 12.8%(89 sentence). [するverb(do)] correspond to “Sappari” has only 5 sentence. Therefore, ｢noun＋no exist｣, ｢not do｣ type is the unique feature of “Cheonhyeo”. “Cheonhyeo” has more predicates to correspond to and has broad meaning field than “Sappari”.

In this paper, I discuss syntactic licensing condition of bakk-e-anh-da (hereafter, bakk-e) ‘only’ in Korean and shika-nai (hereafter, shika) ‘only’ in Japanese. Arguments of this paper are as followed:(1) Unlike previous studies, syntactic licensing condition of bakk-e and shika is not the same. (2) shika is directly licensed by Neg. (3) bakk-e is a kind of multifunctional expression unlike shika. In other words, there exist two different usages in bakk-e. Usage of bakk-e1 corresponds to one of shika while usage of bakk-e2 does to one of igai-nai or hoka-nai. Moreover, syntactic licensing condition of bakk-e1 and bakk-e2 is different. Namely, bakk-e1 is directly licensed by Neg, unlike bakk-e2. For bakk-e2, it is not bakk-e2 that is licensed by Neg but covert Indeterminate-do such as amu-do ‘anyone’, amugeos-do ‘anything’, amude-do ‘anywhere’. In previous studies, there are two different approaches to syntactic licensing condition of bakk-e and shika. First approach suggests that bakk-e and shika are directly licensed by Neg. Second approach proposes that it is not bakk-e and shika that are licensed by Neg but covert Indeterminate-do for bakk-e and covert Indeterminate-mo such as dare-mo ‘anyone’, nani-mo ‘anything’, dokoni-mo ‘anywhere’ for shika. However, there are some problems for each approach. First of all, first approach cannot explain why bakk-e is able to appear in adversative predicate, whereas shika is not able to. Second of all, second approach cannot explain when bakk-e or shika is in the non-argument positions such as adjunct positions. In other words, the approach can explain only when bakk-e or shika is in the argument positions. Therefore, this paper suggests that the arguments of previous studies should be modified.

본 연구에서는 아동, 청소년의 우울 및 불안과 관련되는 부정적 자기진술을 평가하기 위해 Ronan 등(1994)에 의해 개발된 부정적 자기진술 질문지(Negative Affect Self-Statement Questionnaire: NASSQ)를 우리말로 번안하여 신뢰도와 타당도를 살펴보았다. NASSQ는 내적 합치도, 검사-재검사 신뢰도 면에서 신뢰로운 평가 도구임이 확인되었다. 요인 분석 결과, ‘우울 관련 자기진술’, ‘부정적 자기 평가’, ‘불안 관련 자기진술’, ‘긍정적 자기진술’의 네 요인이 산출되어 NASSQ가 최초 개발될 당시에 구성된 세 하위척도와는 다른 결과를 나타냈다. NASSQ는 아동, 청소년의 우울 및 불안 증상과 높은 상관을 보였으며 아동의 부정적 자동적 사고와도 유의미한 상관을 보였다. 특히, ‘긍정적 자기진술’ 요인은 아동의 우울과 불안을 변별할 수 있는 핵심 변인으로 나타나 Watson과 Clark(1984)의 ‘삼요인 모형’에 부합하였다. 정상 집단에서 고불안 집단과 고우울 집단을 선별하여 실시한 분석 결과, 고불안 및 고우울 집단은 저불안, 저우울 집단에 비해 NASSQ의 세 하위척도와 네 요인 모두에서 유의미하게 높은 점수를 기록하였다. 정신과 환자를 대상으로 한 분석에서도 NASSQ는 우울장애 집단과 정상 집단을 구별해주었다. 그러나 불안장애 집단은 정상 집단과의 차이가 유의미하지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과와 앞으로의 연구 방향을 논의하였다.

In this study, we examined the reliability and validity of Korean Negative Affect Self-Statement Questionnaire(NASSQ) which was developed to assess negative self-talk of depression and anxiety in youth. The NASSQ was proven to be a very reliable assessment tool. The result of factor analysis showed that the NASSQ had a four-factor structure representing 'depressive self statement', 'negative self evaluation', 'anxious self statement', and 'positive self statement'. This factor structure is quite different from the original three subscales of the NASSQ. The NASSQ was positively correlated with depression and anxiety and showed high correlation with children's negative automatic thoughts. Among normal group, there was a significant difference of the NASSQ score between high-depression group and low-depression group. This same result also applied to high and low anxiety group. In the psychiatric patient group, the NASSQ discriminated depressive disorder from age, sex matched healthy normals. But, there was no significant group difference between anxiety disorder and normal controls. The results of this study and the directions of future study were discussed.

최근 Linux 운영체제는 파일시스템의 성능 향상을 위해 파일 접근과 경로 탐색 결과를 커널 내부 구조에 저장하고 재사용한다. 이러한 구조는 저장장치 접근 비용을 줄이는데 효과적이지만, 여러 프로세스가 파일시스템을 사용하는 과정에서 간접적으로 영향을 주고받을 수 있어 의도하지 않은 정보전달 경로로 활용될 수 있다. 기존 파일시스템 기반 은닉채널은 주로 공유 파일, Page Cache, 파일 동기화 연산 등에 의존해 왔다. 이와 달리 본 논문은 Directory Cache에 저장되는 Negative Directory Entry에 주목한다. Negative Directory Entry의 유무에 따라 동일 경로에 대한 접근 시간 차이가 발생하며, 이 시간 차이는 프로세스 간 정보전달 신호로 활용될 수 있다. 이를 바탕으로 동일한 호스트 내 권한이 부여되지 않은 프로세스 간의 데이터 전송을 가능케 하는 Negative Directory Entry 기반은닉 채널 설계 방법을 제안하고 그 효율성을 검증한다.

Modern Linux operating systems store and reuse the result of file access and path name lookup in internal kernel structures to improve file system performance. Although these structures are effective in reducing storage access overhead, they can also be exploited as unintended information transfer paths because multiple processes may indirectly affect one another while using the file system. Existing file system-based covert channels have mainly relied on shared files, Page Cache, or file synchronization operations. In contrast, this paper focuses on Negative Directory Entries stored in the Directory Cache. The existence of a Negative Directory Entry causes a difference in path name access time for the same path, and this timing difference can be used as a signal for inter-process information transfer. Based on this observation, this paper proposes a method for designing a Negative Directory Entry-based covert channel that enables data transmission between unprivileged processes on the same host and evaluates its efficiency.

본 연구에서는 정적 정서와 부적정서를 측정하기 위해 Watson 등(1988)이 개발한 정적 정서 및 부적 정서 척도(the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule; PANAS)를 재번안하여 신뢰도와 타당도를 살펴보았다. PANAS 척도는 내적 합치도가 .84로 비교적 높은 내적 일관성을 보였고, 정적 정서 척도와 부적 정서 척도는 서로 독립적인 것으로 나타났다. 요인분석 결과, 부적 정서와 정적 정서 두 요인이 산출되어 PANAS 척도가 처음 개발될 당시의 두 요인과 같은 결과를 나타내었고, 원척도의 정적 정서 요인이었던 ‘기민한(alert)’ 요인이 본 연구에서는 부적 정서 요인에 포함되었다. PANAS 척도의 구성 타당도 및 외적 타당도를 보기 위해 기분 측정 도구인 POMS 및 간이정신진단검사(SCL-90-R)와의 상관을 살펴보았다. PANAS 척도의 정적 정서 요인은 POMS의 하위 요인 중 ‘의기소침과 낙심요인’ 및 ‘피곤과 무기력 요인’과는 부적 상관을, ‘생기와 활력 요인’ 및 ‘우호 요인’과는 정적 상관을 보였으며, SCL-90-R에서는 우울과 부적 상관을 나타냈다. 또한, PANAS 척도의 부적 정서 요인은 POMS의 하위 요인 중 ‘긴장 불안 요인’, ‘혼돈과 당황 요인’, ‘분노와 적개심 요인’ 및 SCL-90-R의 나머지 요인에서 정적 상관을 보였다. 본 연구 결과와 앞으로의 연구 방향을 논의하였다.

In this study, we examined the reliability and validity of Korean Positive and Negative Affect Schedule(PANAS) which had been developed to assess positive affect and negative affect by Watson et al(1988) and translated into Korean by Lee(1994). The PANAS were shown to have high internal consistency coefficient of .84, with the two factors largely uncorrelated. The result of factor analysis showed that the PANAS had a two-factor structure representing 'positive affect' and 'negative affect' each. This factor structure is quite same as that of the original PANAS. However, the 'alert' item which belongs to the positive affect factor in the original scale was included in the negative affect factor in this study. To confirm the construct validity and external validity of PANAS, we administered the correlation analyses between PANAS and the POMS and SCL-90-R. The PANAS PA scale is negative correlated with 'depression-dejection factor' and 'fatigue-intertia factor' of the POMS. Also it is positive correlated with 'vigor-activity factor' and 'friendliness factor' of the POMS. The PANAS NA scale is positive correlated with 'tension- anxiety factor', 'confusion-bewilderment factor' and 'anger-hostility factor' of the POMS. The result showed that the PANAS can reflect the emotional characteristics of positive and negative affect very well. The implications of this study and directions for future study were discussed.

본 연구에서는 초기 성인기 사람들의 과거 연애 관계에 대한 사고 정서가를 살펴보기 위해 Brenner와Vogel(2015)이 개발한 PANERT(the Positive and Negative Ex-Relationship Thoughts Scale)를 번안하고 타당화하였다. 이를 위해 한국어로 번역한 PANERT를 전국의 20대 미혼 성인 남녀 337명을 대상으로 설문을 실시한후, 주요 변인 간의 성차를 분석해 보았다. 이후, 문항 분석 결과에 따라 원문 12문항을 그대로 사용하여한국판 PANERT를 구성하였다. 확인적 요인분석을 통해 긍정적 사고 정서가-부정적 사고 정서가의 2요인모형(12문항)이 적합함을 검증하였고, 하위요인별 내적 합치도가 모두 높게 나타나 문항의 신뢰성이 확인되었다. 준거 관련 타당도 확인을 위해, 한국판 PANERT와 침습적 반추, 우울, 자기지각의 변화, 정적 및부적 정서 반응과의 상관분석을 실시한 결과, 두 하위요인 모두 자기지각 변화를 제외한 모든 관련 구인과 상관관계를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 두 요인이 정적 및 부적 정서 반응을 통해 우울에 어떤 역할을 미치는지 연구모형을 설정하여 매개효과를 살펴보았다. 이 과정에서 한국판 PANERT의 수렴타당도와 변별타당도를 최종적으로 확인하였고, 구조모형의 간접효과 유의성을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해한국판 PANERT는 총 12문항, 2개 하위요인으로 구성된 척도이며 초기 성인들의 이별 경험에 있어서 사고 정서가의 역할을 측정하는 도구로써 신뢰롭고 타당함을 확인하였다.

This study aimed to translate and validate the Positive and Negative Ex-Relationship Thoughts (PANERT), a scale measuring the positive and negative valence of thoughts about past relationships in early adulthood. For this purpose, PANERT was translated into Korean and the study surveyed on 337 single male and female adults in their 20. Then, the gender difference between major variables was analyzed. After going through item analysis, all twelve original items were used to construct the Korean version of PANERT. The confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) supported the two factors structure of the Korean version of PANERT: positive vs, negative thought content valence. Also, the reliability coefficients of each two factors were all satisfactory. As a result of a correlation analysis, the criterion-related validity of the two sub-factors was good with other related scales(Intrusive rumination scale of K-ERRI, K-DASS-21-D, and K-PANAS-Revised) except for changes of self-perception. Finally, the research model was built to examine the mediating effect of two affect responses(positive and negative) in the relationship between two thought content valences and depression. In this process, the convergence and discriminant validity of the Korean version of PANERT were confirmed and the indirect effect was also confirmed in the structural equation model. In conclusion, the Korean version of PANERT consists of two factors and twelve items in total. Also, it is a reliable and valid tool for measuring the thought content valences in the romantic relationship breakup experience of early adults.

This study examined the different roles of self-compassion and self-esteem in mitigating the impact of everyday negative events on negative affect and social comparisons via multilevel modeling. A preliminary questionnaire of self-compassion and self-esteem was administered to 101 Korean college students, after which contingent diaries (every four days) were com- pleted by students. Cross-level interaction analysis showed that (1) the more the participant believed the negative event was their own fault, the greater the negative affect and social comparison; and (2) the higher the level of self-compassion, the lower the negative affect and social comparison, which was not observed with self-esteem. The results suggest that self-com- passion plays a mitigating role in the impact of negative events, whereas self-esteem does not.

Extracts from sawdust of Pinus densiflora were showed antifungal activity against Lentinula edodes. It was extracted by hot water and then successively extracted by n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The yields of the n-hexane-soluble, ethyl acetate- soluble, methanol-soluble and methanol-insoluble fractions of water extracts were 8.2%, 10.6%, 32.0%, and 49.2%, respectively. The ethyl acetate-soluble fraction showed the greatest antifungal activity against L. edodes: 41.5% inhibition at 1,000 ppm. However, there were not significant differences of antifungal activities between n-hexane-soluble fraction and methanol-soluble fraction at a concentration of 1,000 ppm. The hot water extracts showed 23.5% of antifungal activity against L. edodes at a concentration of 1000 ppm. The four antifungal compounds were separated from ethyl acetate fraction by thin layer chromatography.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of heat stress on milk traits in South Korea using comprehensive data (dairy production and climate). The dataset for this study comprised 1,498,232 test-day records for milk yield, fat- and protein-corrected milk, fat yield, protein yield, milk urea nitrogen (MUN), and somatic cell score (SCS) from 215,276 Holstein cows (primiparous: n = 122,087; multiparous: n = 93,189) in 2,419 South Korean dairy herds. Data were collected from July 2017 to April 2020 through the Dairy Cattle Improvement Program, and merged with meteorological data from 600 automatic weather stations through the Korea Meteorological Administration. The segmented regression model was used to estimate the effects of the temperature-humidity index (THI) on milk traits and elucidate the break point (BP) of the THI. To acquire the least-squares mean of milk traits, the generalized linear model was applied using fixed effects (region, calving year, calving month, parity, days in milk, and THI). For all parameters, the BP of THI was observed; in particular, milk production parameters dramatically decreased after a specific BP of THI (p < 0.05). In contrast, MUN and SCS drastically increased when THI exceeded BP in all cows (p < 0.05) and primiparous cows (p < 0.05), respectively. Dairy cows in South Korea exhibited negative effects on milk traits (decrease in milk performance, increase in MUN, and SCS) when the THI exceeded 70; therefore, detailed feeding management is required to prevent heat stress in dairy cows.

The study examines how stressful life experiences and negative affective conditions influence refugees' information seeking and uses. Fifty-five North Korean refugees living in South Korea were invited to participate in a survey to determine their level of PTSD and to investigate the relationship between activeness in information-seeking and their negative affect. Seven subjects with severe PTSD symptoms participated in an in-depth interview to describe their information practices in daily life contexts. The study found that participants with higher levels of PTSD tended to seek information more passively than those with lower levels of PTSD. Almost all refugees were unable to recognize their information needs clearly but some subjects stated latent socio-affective needs and financial needs. Most refugees avoided seeking information and learned information through interpersonal sources-staffs in the Hana Refugee Center and volunteers in local community churches-and mass media. Some unique social phenomena were discovered in North Korean refugees' information world and the emergent features were discussed. On the basis of the findings, some practical approaches for improving refugees' information world were also suggested.

The distributions of the minimum correlated F-variable arises in many applied statistical problems including simultaneous analysis of variance (SANOVA), equality of variance, selection and ranking populations, and reliability analysis. In this paper, negative binomial sampling technique is employed to derive the distributions of the minimum of chi-square variables and hence the distributions of the minimum correlated F-variables. The work presented in this paper is divided in two parts. The first part is devoted to develop some combinatorial identities arised from the negative binomial sampling. These identities are constructed and justified to serve important purpose, when we deal with these distributions or their characteristics. Other important results including cumulants and moments of these distributions are also given in somewhat simple forms. Second, the distributions of minimum, chisquare variable and hence the distribution of the minimum correlated F-variables are then derived within the negative binomial sampling framework. Although, multinomial theory applied to order statistics and standard transformation techniques can be used to derive these distributions, the negative binomial sampling approach provides more information regarding the nature of the relationship between the sampling vehicle and the probability distributions of these functions of chi-square variables. We also provide an algorithm to compute the percentage points of the distributions. The computation methods we adopted are exact and no interpolations are involved.

This study examines how seriously negative publicity about products affects corporate reputation in terms of the degree of direct corporate responsibility, product involvement level, and the type of consumer’s self-construal. The results show that negative media news coverage significantly harmed the corporate image. In particular, the corporate reputation was damaged more seriously when the corporate responsibility for public scandals were perceived to be high. However, corporate reputation was irrelevant to the product involvement. The people of interdependent construal or allocentric consumers responded more critically to the negative publicity and gave significantly lower grades to the companies that had a higher reputation for social responsibility. This study implements a two-by-two factorial design consisting of two different types of corporate responsibility and two types of product involvement. News articles with pictorial account depicting corporate behaviors were presented to on-line surveyees randomly. Theoretical and practical implications are suggested in the concluding section.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the self-reported aggressiveness level measured by the Korean version of Aggression Questionnaire (K-AQ), and the computerized cognitive tasks (emotion perception task and mental rotation task). Participants were divided into three groups according to their self-reported aggressiveness levels (low-range, middle-range, and high-range), and their performances in the two computerized cognitive tasks were examined. Results demonstrated that in emotion perception task, the low-range K-AQ score group showed a lower bias score toward negative emotion perception compared to middle-range and high-range groups. This suggests that there was an increase in the tendency of participants to show a negative emotional bias to a certain extent with increased level of self-reported aggressiveness, and the level of negative emotional bias seems to be maintained once the aggressiveness level reaches the higher-end of the spectrum. However, there was no significant group difference for the bias score toward positive emotion perception. In mental rotation task, there was a significant group difference in response times, where participants in the middle-range aggression group showed slower response times compared to both low-range and high-range groups. But, there was no group differences in their accuracy rates. This suggests that visuo-spatial representation ability may not be static in nature but it seems to decline to a certain extent in accordance to the aggressiveness level. This exploratory study has examined the negative emotion perception bias and visuo-spatial representation ability in relation to the level of aggression by dividing the aggressiveness level into three levels. The implications of investigating human emotion on a continuous spectrum is discussed.

The goal of this study was to investigate the influences of overall and specific negative emotions affecting eating behaviors, especially, binge eating. This study first examined the influence of each specific negative emotion (anxiety, anger, and depression) on binge eating of bulimics through self-report questionnaires, and then conducted a laboratory experiment in order to clarify a causal relationship between binge eating and anxiety. With 357 results of BULIT-R, K-EAT, DEBQ, and EES tests, this study first showed that negative emotions had significant correlations with binge eating. Moreover, it also demonstrated that anxiety was the most influential negative emotion that affected eating behaviors by bulimic and normal eaters. The laboratory experiments were conducted with 52 participants in order to examine a causal relationship between anxiety and binge eating. The result indicated that bulimic eaters eat more when they are irritated or worried, but normal eaters eat less in the same situation.

Purpose: The incidence of gynecological cancers is increasing, presenting significant challenges for patient care and outcomes. Perceived stress and negative affect can impede self care behaviors and reduce health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study examined the mediating effects of negative affect and cancer coping on the relationship between perceived hospital stress and HRQoL among patients with gynecological cancer. Methods: A cross-sectional mediation analysis was conducted with 118 gynecological cancer patients recruited from the outpatient clinic of a university hospital (October 2023 to February 2024). Participants completed validated instruments assessing perceived stress, negative affect, cancer coping, and HRQoL. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s correlations and the PROCESS macro (Model 4) with 95% bootstrap confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Perceived stress was significantly correlated with negative affect (r=.58, p<.001), cancer coping (r=.23, p=.012), and HRQoL (r=?.45, p<.001). Negative affect was correlated with HRQoL (r=?.59, p<.001). Furthermore, negative affect and cancer coping mediated the relationship between stress and HRQoL (B=?0.18, 95% CI=?0.27 to ?0.11 and B=0.04, 95% CI=0.01 to 0.08, respectively). Conclusion: Negative affect and cancer coping significantly mediated the relationship between hospital stress and HRQoL. Targeted interventions aiming to reduce stress and strengthen emotional and coping strategies could enhance HRQoL among gynecological cancer patients.

This study examined the accuracy of meta-stereotypes (i.e., beliefs about how their ingroup is viewed by an outgroup), by comparing those with outgroup’s other-stereotypes (i.e., outgroup’s stereotype about ingroup). Korean and Japanese participants expressed their images of each other and predicted the outgroup members’ view of ingroup according to 88 personality traits. Results indicated that perceptions about how they were viewed by the other were inaccurate; furthermore, both groups’ predictions were identically more negative than their counterpart’s actual evaluations about them. The fact that both groups denoted the same tendency suggests the negative nature of meta-stereotypes over outgroup’s other-stereotypes.

Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process that degrades proteins and damaged organelles to maintain cellular homeostasis, and its role in cancer depends on stage and context. Farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 (FDFT1) is an essential enzyme in the sterol branch of the mevalonate pathway, but its functions in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and in the regulation of autophagy remain poorly understood. In this study, we show that FDFT1 acts as a negative regulator of autophagy in HCC cells. Loss of FDFT1 led to increased autophagosome formation and fusion with lysosomes, whereas its overexpression suppressed both basal and induced autophagy. These changes were associated with AMPK-ULK1 signaling, suggesting that FDFT1 influences a central pathway controlling autophagy. Our findings connect cholesterol metabolism with autophagy regulation and tumor growth, highlighting FDFT1 as a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in liver cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer that is challenging to treat and lacks targeted therapeutic drugs in the clinic. Natural active ingredients provide promising opportunities for discovering and developing targeted therapies for TNBC. This study investigated the effects of daurisoline on TNBC and elucidated its potential mechanisms. Using network pharmacology, a correlation was identified between daurisoline, derived from Menispermum dauricum, and breast cancer, particularly involving the Notch signaling pathway. The effects of daurisoline on the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells were evaluated in vitro. Additionally, the impact of daurisoline on the growth of MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumors in nude mice was assessed through in vivo experiments. Expression levels of Notch signaling pathway-related proteins, including Notch-1, NICD, PSEN-1, Bax, and Bcl-2, were examined using molecular docking and Western blotting to explore the underlying mechanisms of daurisoline's anti-breast cancer effects. It was revealed that daurisoline could effectively inhibit the proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells and promote apoptosis. Furthermore, it significantly reduced the growth of subcutaneous tumors in nude mice. Notably, daurisoline could reduce the hydrolytic activity of γ-secretase by binding to the catalytic core PSEN-1, thereby inhibiting activation of the γ-secretase/Notch axis and contributing to its anti-TNBC effects. This study supported the development of naturally targeted drugs for TNBC and provided insights into the research on dibenzylisoquinoline alkaloids, such as daurisoline.

This study aimed to determine variables affecting intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 by applying the Health Belief Model and to examine how online information regarding negative effects of COVID-19 vaccines could affect intention to vaccinate. Major research findings are as follows. First, individuals who believed that they had a greater likelihood of becoming infected with COVID-19 (perceived vulnerability) were less willing to be vaccinated after acquiring negative information about COVID-19 vaccines. On the other hand, individuals showed a greater willingness to be vaccinated when they believed that their lives would be greatly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic (perceived seriousness). Second, perceived benefits of COVID-19 vaccines were found to increase the intention to vaccinate regardless of viewing negative information on COVID-19 vaccines. Therefore, it is important to disseminate accurate information based on evidence to increase public awareness about risks of COVID-19 and the importance of herd immunity. In addition, to improve vaccination rates in the future, it is necessary to provide information on the prevention effect of the vaccine on mutations of the COVID-19 virus.