Earticle

While many methods have been proposed for creating mobile applications, developers have struggled to decide which is best. This study contrasts native and cross-platform application development methodologies, paying special attention to the growing popularity of Flutter and the trend away from Java in favor of Kotlin. Using Java, Kotlin, and Dart (Flutter) to create identical applications, this research provides useful insights into factors influencing developers' choice of programming languages and frameworks in mobile application development. In addition, this research investigates development best practices by analyzing the quality of the code in 45 public GitHub repositories. The study measures the impact of choosing a particular language or framework on code smells and development efficiency by evaluating LOC and code smells using semi-automated SonarQube assessments, which include the measurement of severity levels. Preliminary findings show differences in the code quality produced by the two approaches, offering developers useful information on reducing code smells and improving project quality.

The rapid advancement of financial technology (FinTech) has significantly transformed payment systems worldwide, accelerating the transition from cash-based transactions to digital payment methods. In Cambodia, the introduction of mobile QR code payment systems, particularly through KHQR and Bakong platforms, has promoted widespread adoption of cashless payments. However, while existing studies have primarily focused on initial adoption, limited research has examined the factors influencing users’ continuance intention to use mobile QR code payment systems. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the key determinants of continuance intention in the Cambodian context. This study is primarily based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework. Performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions are examined as key factors influencing user satisfaction, which subsequently affects continuance intention. In addition, perceived security is incorporated as a moderating variable to examine its role in strengthening the relationship between these factors and user satisfaction. Data were collected from 230 users of mobile QR code payment services in Cambodia through a structured survey questionnaire. The data were analyzed using statistical techniques, including reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The results reveal that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions have significant positive effects on user satisfaction. Furthermore, user satisfaction has a strong positive influence on continuance intention. The findings also highlight the important role of perceived security in enhancing users’ confidence and supporting continued usage behavior.

medicine system. The mobile medicine system contains (i) blood pressure and body temperature measurement value, (ii) ECG medical signals measured by the electrocardiogram device, (iii) mobile patient's history, (iv) G.729 audio signal, MPEG-4 CCD sensor video signal, and JPEG2000 medical image. By the help of the multi-code CDMA spread spectrum communication system with downlink power control scheme and unequal error protection strategy, it is possible to transmit mobile medicine media and meet the quality of service. Numerical analysis and simulation results show that the system is a well transmission platform in mobile medicine.

The role of QR Code robots in smart logistics is great. Cognitive robots, such as logistics robots, were mostly used to adjust routes and search for peripheral sensors, cameras, and recognition signs attached to walls. However, recently, the ease of making QR Codes and the convenience of producing and attaching a lot of information within QR Codes have been raised, and many of these reasons have made QR Codes recognizable as visions and others. In addition, there have been cases in developed countries and Korea that control several of these robots at the same time and operate logistics factories smartly. This representative case is the KIVA robot in Amazon. KIVA robots are only operated inside Amazon, but information about them is not exposed to the outside world, so a variety of similar robots are developed and operated in several places around the world. They are applied in various fields such as education, medical, silver, military, parking, construction, marine, and agriculture, creating a variety of application robots. In this work, we are developing a robot that can recognize its current position, move and control in the directed direction through two-dimensional QR Codes with the same horizontal and vertical sides, and the error is to create a QR Code robot with accuracy to reach within 3mm. This paper focuses on indoor mobile robot position recognition and driving experiment using QR Code during the development of QR Code-aware indoor mobility robots.

The role of QR Code robots in smart logistics is great. Cognitive robots, such as logistics robots, were mostly used to adjust routes and search for peripheral sensors, cameras, and recognition signs attached to walls. However, recently, the ease of making QR Codes and the convenience of producing and attaching a lot of information within QR Codes have been raised, and many of these reasons have made QR Codes recognizable as visions and others. In addition, there have been cases in developed countries and Korea that control several of these robots at the same time and operate logistics factories smartly. This representative case is the KIVA robot in Amazon. KIVA robots are only operated inside Amazon, but information about them is not exposed to the outside world, so a variety of similar robots are developed and operated in several places around the world. They are applied in various fields such as education, medical, silver, military, parking, construction, marine, and agriculture, creating a variety of application robots. In this work, we are developing a robot that can recognize its current position, move and control in the directed direction through two-dimensional QR Codes with the same horizontal and vertical sides, and the error is to create a QR Code robot with accuracy to reach within 3mm. This paper focuses on the driving control of indoor mobile robot during the development of QR Code-aware indoor mobility robots.

The role of QR Code robots in smart logistics is great. Cognitive robots, such as logistics robots, were mostly used to adjust routes and search for peripheral sensors, cameras, and recognition signs attached to walls. However, recently, the ease of making QR Codes and the convenience of producing and attaching a lot of information within QR Codes have been raised, and many of these reasons have made QR Codes recognizable as visions and others. In addition, there have been cases in developed countries and Korea that control several of these robots at the same time and operate logistics factories smartly. In this work, we are developing a robot that can recognize its current position, move and control in the directed direction through two-dimensional QR Codes with the same horizontal and vertical sides, and the error is to create a QR Code robot with accuracy to reach within 3mm. This paper focuses on experimental environments for testbeds during the development of QR Code-aware indoor mobility robots.

The role of QR Code robots in smart logistics is great. Cognitive robots, such as logistics robots, were mostly used to adjust routes and search for peripheral sensors, cameras, and recognition signs attached to walls. However, recently, the ease of making QR Codes and the convenience of producing and attaching a lot of information within QR Codes have been raised, and many of these reasons have made QR Codes recognizable as visions and others. In addition, there have been cases in developed countries and Korea that control several of these robots at the same time and operate logistics factories smartly. This representative case is the KIVA robot in Amazon. KIVA robots are only operated inside Amazon, but information about them is not exposed to the outside world, so a variety of similar robots are developed and operated in several places around the world. They are applied in various fields such as education, medical, silver, military, parking, construction, marine, and agriculture, creating a variety of application robots. In this work, we are developing a robot that can recognize its current position, move and control in the directed direction through two-dimensional QR codes with the same horizontal and vertical sides, and the error is to create a QR Code robot with accuracy to reach within 3mm. This paper focuses on the QR Code recognition mobile robotics study during the development of QR Code-aware indoor mobility robots.

QR Code는 스마트폰 사용자의 증가로 인해 명함, 쿠폰, 광고, 결제 등의 많은 분야에서 이용할 수 있다. 특히, 기업이나 회사의 이미지, 마케팅에도 이용할 수 있으며 한글, 영어 외에도 인터넷 주소를 이용한 개인, 기업 PR이나 홍보에도 이용할 수 있다. 구현된 모바일 웹 플랫폼은 주변에서 흔히 볼 수 있으나 막상 이해하기 쉽지 않은 상품정보 중에서 와인 정보를 사례로 하여 구현하였고 QR Code를 이용하여 쉽고 빠르게 소비자에게 원하는 정보를 제공할 수 있도록 구현하였다. 또한 구현된 모바일 웹 플랫폼을 통한 아이디어를 바탕으로 다양한 서비스와 수익 창출을 기대할 수 있을 것이다.

QR Code is available in many areas(business cards, coupons, advertising, billing, etc) due to the increase in the smart phones. In particular, the company's image and marketing are also available and using the Internet address, personal and corporate PR and publicity are also available. I was implemented the mobile web platform by the case wine information that easily seen but difficult to understand the information. Using QR Code, consumers can get information easily and quickly. In addition, based on the idea of using mobile web platform, variety of services and benefits will be able to expected.

모바일 악성코드는 웜에 의한 전파가 대표적이며, 웜의 확산 특징을 분석하기 위한 모델링 기법들이 제시되 었지만 거시적인 분석만 가능하였고 특정 바이러스, 악성코드에 대해 예측하기는 한계점이 있다. 따라서 본 논 문에서는 과거의 악성코드 데이터를 활용하여 미래의 악성코드의 발생을 예측 할 수 있는 마코프 체인을 기반 으로 한 예측 방법을 제시하였다. 마코프 체인 예측 모델링에 적용할 악성코드 평균값은 전체 평균값, 최근 1년 평균값, 최근 평균값(6개월)의 세 가지 범위로 분류하여 적용하였고, 적용하여 얻어진 예측 값을 비교하여 최근 평균 값(6개월)을 적용하는 것이 악성코드 예측 확률을 높일 수 있음을 확인하였다.

Mobile malicious code is typically spread by the worm, and although modeling techniques to analyze the dispersion characteristics of the worms have been proposed, only macroscopic analysis was possible while there are limitations in predicting on certain viruses and malicious code. In this paper, prediction methods have been proposed which was based on Markov chain and is able to predict the occurrence of future malicious code by utilizing the past malicious code data. The average value of the malicious code to be applied to the prediction model of Markov chain model was applied by classifying into three categories of the total average, the last year average, and the recent average (6 months), and it was verified that malicious code prediction possibility could be increased by comparing the predicted values obtained through applying, and applying the recent average (6 months).

스마트기기가 빠르게 보급되고 사용자가 늘어남에 따라 스마트교육에 대한 관심이 고조되고 있으며, 현재 우리나라에서는 국가 수준에서 스마트교육 활성화하는데 역량을 집중하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 학교 교육에서 활용 가능한 모바일 학급 웹앱을 개발하였다. 개발된 시스템은 이기종의 모바일 디바이스에서 성격유형검사를 실시할 수 있고, 검사 후 자료를 저장하면 자동으로 개개인의 모바일 홈페이지를 생성해준다. 여기에 교사가 댓글을 달고 학생이 내용을 추가할 수 있으며, 이 페이지의 주소를 QR코드로 생성하는 기능이 제공되어 사용자들은 보다 쉽고 빠르게 해당 페이지에 접근할 수 있다. 개발된 시스템은 학급 구성원들이 서로의 성격을 이해하고 소통하는데 활용될 수 있다. 개발된 시스템을 학생들에게 적용해 본 결과 교육 수요자의 TPO(Time, Place, Occasion)에 기반한 서비스 제공이 가능하여 교육주체간의 상호작용을 증진시키는데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 평가되었다.

According to the fast supply of the SMART device, many people have a lot of interests about SMART education. The Korean government is showing a lot of effort towards the promotion of SMART education. In this study, I developed a behavioral assessments and QR code based mobile web application for school education. The developed system works seamlessly across all popular mobile device platforms and if you save the data after the assessment, this system will automatically create each person's mobile web page. Students and teachers can add comments to this page and can improve the accessibility for finding the address of this page to QR code. The developed system can contribute to the class members understanding the personality of each other and make communication run smoothly. As a result of application of developed system, it is expected to contribute to increasing the interaction between a students, parents and teachers because the developed system provides a service based to education consumer's TPO(Time, Place, Occasion).

The role of QR Code robots in smart logistics is great. Cognitive robots, such as logistics robots, were mostly used to adjust routes and search for peripheral sensors, cameras, and recognition signs attached to walls. However, recently, the ease of making QR Codes and the convenience of producing and attaching a lot of information within QR Codes have been raised, and many of these reasons have made QR Codes recognizable as visions and others. In addition, there have been cases in developed countries and Korea that control several of these robots at the same time and operate logistics factories smartly. This representative case is the KIVA robot in Amazon. KIVA robots are only operated inside Amazon, but information about them is not exposed to the outside world, so a variety of similar robots are developed and operated in several places around the world. They are applied in various fields such as education, medical, silver, military, parking, construction, marine, and agriculture, creating a variety of application robots. In this work, we are developing a robot that can recognize its current position, move and control in the directed direction through two-dimensional QR Codes with the same horizontal and vertical sides, and the error is to create a QR Code robot with accuracy to reach within 3mm. This paper focuses a study on the speculative navigation using auxiliary encoder during the development of QR Code-aware indoor mobility robots.

The role of QR code robots in smart logistics is great. Cognitive robots, such as logistics robots, were mostly used to adjust routes and search for peripheral sensors, cameras, and recognition signs attached to walls. However, recently, the ease of making QR codes and the convenience of producing and attaching a lot of information within QR codes have been raised, and many of these reasons have made QR codes recognizable as visions and others. In addition, there have been cases in developed countries and Korea that control several of these robots at the same time and operate logistics factories smartly. This representative case is the KIVA robot in Amazon. KIVA robots are only operated inside Amazon, but information about them is not exposed to the outside world, so a variety of similar robots are developed and operated in several places around the world. They are applied in various fields such as education, medical, silver, military, parking, construction, marine, and agriculture, creating a variety of application robots. In this work, we are developing a robot that can recognize its current position, move and control in the directed direction through two-dimensional QR codes with the same horizontal and vertical sides, and the error is to create a QR code robot with accuracy to reach within 3mm. This paper focuses on the driving operation techniques during the development of QR code-aware indoor mobility robots.

The role of QR code robots in smart logistics is great. Cognitive robots, such as logistics robots, were mostly used to adjust routes and search for peripheral sensors, cameras, and recognition signs attached to walls. However, recently, the ease of making QR codes and the convenience of producing and attaching a lot of information within QR codes have been raised, and many of these reasons have made QR codes recognizable as visions and others. In addition, there have been cases in developed countries and Korea that control several of these robots at the same time and operate logistics factories smartly. This representative case is the KIVA robot in Amazon. KIVA robots are only operated inside Amazon, but information about them is not exposed to the outside world, so a variety of similar robots are developed and operated in several places around the world. They are applied in various fields such as education, medical, silver, military, parking, construction, marine, and agriculture, creating a variety of application robots. In this work, we are developing a robot that can recognize its current position, move and control in the directed direction through two-dimensional QR codes with the same horizontal and vertical sides, and the error is to create a QR code robot with accuracy to reach within 3mm. This paper focuses on the moving control model during the development of QR code-aware indoor mobility robots.

The role of QR Code robots in smart logistics is great. Cognitive robots, such as logistics robots, were mostly used to adjust routes and search for peripheral sensors, cameras, and recognition signs attached to walls. However, recently, the ease of making QR Codes and the convenience of producing and attaching a lot of information within QR Codes have been raised, and many of these reasons have made QR Codes recognizable as visions and others. In addition, there have been cases in developed countries and Korea that control several of these robots at the same time and operate logistics factories smartly. This representative case is the KIVA robot in Amazon. KIVA robots are only operated inside Amazon, but information about them is not exposed to the outside world, so a variety of similar robots are developed and operated in several places around the world. They are applied in various fields such as education, medical, silver, military, parking, construction, marine, and agriculture, creating a variety of application robots. In this work, we are developing a robot that can recognize its current position, move and control in the directed direction through two-dimensional QR Codes with the same horizontal and vertical sides, and the error is to create a QR Code robot with accuracy to reach within 3mm. This paper focuses a suggestion of control method in QR Code-aware indoor mobility robots.

QR 코드는 스티커 형태로 인쇄되어 설치비용이 저가로 위치 인식하기 위한 천장이나 벽면에 인공지표를 붙이 는 위치 인식 방식과 비전으로 위치 인식을 하는 방식에 비교하여 위치 인식 정확도 면이나 설치비용 면에서 많은 장점 을 보유하고 있어 모든 산업에 전반적으로 적용 가능한 로봇을 만든다. 본 연구에서는 정사각형 2차원 바코드를 통해 오차범위는 3 mm 이내 로봇에 적용하는 기술로 정확도가 뛰어나 정확한 위치제어가 가능한 로봇을 만들 수 있음을 보여주며, 특히 여러 공학 기술이 합쳐진 융합연구는 QR 코드 인식 실내이동 로봇제어 연구의 시스템 구성을 중심으로 기술한 것이다.

The QR codes are printed in sticker form and have many advantages in terms of location recognition accuracy or installation cost compared to the location recognition method, which attaches artificial indicators to ceilings or walls for low-cost location recognition, and the way in which the location is recognized by vision, to create robots that are generally applicable to all industries. In this study, it is shown that the two-dimensional square bar code applied to the robot within 3 mm of error allows the robot to be made with high accuracy and accurate location control. In particular, the fusion research, combined with various engineering technologies, describes QR code-aware indoor mobile robot control research centered on the construction of the system.

본 연구는 차량 및 스마트폰 플랫폼 환경에서 발생하는 기술적 제약을 고려하여, QR 코드 기반 차량 승·하차 인식 모바일 서비스의 설계와 구현 방안을 제시한다. 기존의 블루투스 및 NFC 기반 자동 인식 방식은 차량 하드웨어 의존성과 스마트폰 운영체제의 백그라운드 실행 제한으로 인해 실제 서비스 환경에서 안정적인 적용에 한계를 지닌다. 이에 본 연구는 QR 코드 기반 접근 방식을 제안하고, QR 코드에 포함된 URI와 파라미터를 통해 승차 및 하차 이벤트를 명확히 구분하는 구조를 설계하였다. 구현 결과, 제안한 시스템은 Android 환경에서 안정적으로 동작하였으며, 차량 내 추가 장비나 백그라운드 통신에 의존하지 않는 실용적인 승·하차 인식 서비스 구조임을 확인하였다.

This study presents the design and implementation of a QR code–based mobile service for vehicle boarding and alighting recognition, taking into account technical constraints arising from vehicle environments and smartphone platforms. Conventional automatic recognition approaches based on Bluetooth and NFC face limitations in stable deployment in real-world service environments due to their dependence on vehicle hardware and restrictions on background execution imposed by smartphone operating systems. To address these limitations, this study proposes a QR code–based approach and designs a structure that clearly distinguishes boarding and alighting events through URIs and associated parameters embedded in the QR codes. Implementation results confirm that the proposed system operates reliably in an Android environment and provides a practical boarding and alighting recognition service architecture without relying on additional in-vehicle equipment or background communication.

Smartphone subscribers exceeded 20 million people, 'Smart Korea' is up on this track, and leaping to 'Smart powerful nation' from 'IT powerful nation'. Of course, the popularization of the smart phone called 'PC in the hands' has brought a revolutionary change to nation livelihood, and also to business and government, too. The current usage of Smartphone is not just a simple function call, people can communicate anytime, anywhere with it. And it has become the culture of the terminal type in the hands whenever and wherever. However, the screen size and the existing flash or video files do not run when trying to access to the homepage for PC with Smartphone. and it may gives the inconvenience to people who use mobile devices. Therefore, in this paper, it is a study for the provision of an efficient service for Smartphone users through the establishment of website for mobile in mobile environment.

Workers' demands for new applications, especially mobile applications, are increasing. Many industry analysts, researchers and corporate executives say the demand for mobile applications is becoming increasingly difficult to follow in the IT department. Gartner predicts that by 2021, the demand for mobile application development within the enterprise will increase about five times faster than IT can deliver applications. The purpose of this paper is to provide an environment where non-developers who are in charge of business development can develop apps and webs for their work. The basic concept of a new innovative App development tool, Smart Maker Authoring Tool is to develop Apps on the level using easy-to-learn Word or Excel in a computer. The main feature is that the app is developed by a non-developer worker. The coding technology is perfectly optimized to the structure and operation mechanism of the IT Infra such as hardware devices and operating system, which are the targets for implementing a desired function. Rather, it shows excellent software productivity. The most important feature of future business development is that it is developed by a non-developer worker. In this paper, we propose a no-code and low-code platform for non - developers to develop their business. In the future, we will link the IoT based Arduino system and artificial intelligent interpretation system