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There is a growing body of research on the effectiveness of rehabilita-tion programs in a Young Offenders’ Institution (YOI). The aim of the present study is to investigate the effectiveness of rugby training as a rehabilitation intervention in a YOI in the United Kingdom. Young adult males (n=46) currently serving sentences at the YOI were split into two groups, intervention (n=25; mean age, 19.64±0.81 years) and no inter-vention (n=21; mean age, 19.76±0.89). Participants completed the Crim-inal Attitudes and Associates (MCAA) instrument at three different time cycles and then pre/post for intervention group. Additionally, qualitative interviews (one to one and focus groups) were carried out with the in-tervention and no intervention groups during the same cycles of the study. The results of questionnaire analysis showed no significant dif-ference in MCAA measures taken before and after rugby intervention. Interestingly, the intervention group showed more pro-criminal attitudes on their responses compared to the no intervention group. Finally, anal-ysis of the 3 cycles of data collected showed that the time of the year the questionnaire was completed has a significant impact on the re-sponses given. In contrast, the qualitative interviews showed a very positive change of attitude towards rehabilitation from the intervention group after rugby training. The implications of the results in relation to studies aimed at evaluation of the intervention programs in YOI are dis-cussed.

미국마케팅학회(AMA, 1963)의 정의를 비롯한 광고에 대한 기존의 정의들은 급변하는 광고환경을 충분히 설명하는데 한계가 나타나고 있다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 혼합연구방법을 적용하여 광고의 새로운 정의와 범위를 규명해보았다. 연구결과, “광고란 광고 주체가 수용자를 설득하는데 영향을 미치기 위해 매체를 활용해 아이디어와 제품 및 서비스 내용을 전달하는 단계별 커뮤니케이션 활동이다”를 비롯한 광고의 새로운 정의 2가지를 제시했다. 또한, 광고의 새로운 범위를 텔레비전, 라디오, 신문, 잡지, 온라인, 옥외, 판매촉진, 협찬이라는 8개 영역으로 구분하고 세부적인 광고 종류를 제시하였다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 광고의 새로운 개념과 범위에 대한 앞으로의 과제를 논의하 였다.

The existing definitions about advertising, including definition of AMA (American Marketing Association, 1963), are difficult to explain how rapidly the Korean advertising industry environment changed. In this research, it was tried to re-defining the new definitions and ranges on advertising by mixed methods approach. Research result, the new two definitions of advertising were proposed, including “advertising is communication activity which delivers ideas, goods, and service contents through media to persuade a target audience.” Also, advertising ranges were classified eight media platform as followings; television, radio, newspaper, magazine, on line, out of home, sales promotion, sponsorship. Based on the research results, it was discussed on further tasks about the new definitions and ranges on advertising.

딥웹과 다크넷 상에서 범죄에 노출되는 청소년 관련 문제는 상당히 심각하다. 본 연 구는 웹 크롤링 및 잠재 디리클레 할당(LDA) 분석을 이용해 최근 2년간의 온라인 데 이터를 수집하고, 전문가 인터뷰를 통해 정보를 추가로 분석하여 딥웹과 다크넷에서 발 생하는 청소년 대상 범죄의 실태 및 대응 방안을 탐색하였다. LDA 분석 결과, 범죄 실 태 및 유형・형사사법처벌・예방교육 등을 포함하는 6개의 토픽이 나타났으며, 전문가 인터뷰 결과 실태의 심각성・형사처벌의 어려움・다주체 개입의 필요성이라는 대주제 가 도출되었다. 디지털 성범죄가 주요 범죄 유형으로 확인되었으며, 범죄자 추적 및 처 벌과관련한어려움을 극복하기 위해 사전적 예방과 교육을 강조하였으며, 이는 청소년 대상사이버범죄에대응하기 위한모델을구성하는 핵심적인 요소로 간주되었다. 연구 결과를 토대로 본 연구의 의의와 함의, 연구의 제한점, 후속 연구를 제시하였다.

The problem of youth being exposed to crime on the deep web and darknet is significant. This study used web crawling and latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) analysis to collect online data for the two years, and further analyzed the information through expert interviews to explore the current state of crime against youth on the deep web and darknet and how to respond to it. Six themes emerged from the LDA analysis, including the prevalence and types of crimes, criminal justice punishment, and prevention and education, while the interviews revealed the following themes: the seriousness of the problem, the difficulty of criminal punishment, and the need for multi-stakeholder intervention. Digital sex crimes were identified as the main type of crime, and proactive prevention and education were emphasized to overcome the difficulties, which were considered key elements of a responsive model. Based on the findings, the significance and implications of this study, limitations of the study, and future research are presented.

지금까지 사이버보안에 대한 부분적인 연구는 많이 시도되었으나, 기업 내부적인 요인과 외부 요인의 관계를 총체적으로 분석한 연구는 국내뿐만 아니라 국외에서도 거의 없었다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 중소기업의 내부 요소 뿐 아니라 기업경영 환경을 고려한 사이버보안 관리에 대하여 살펴보았다. 혼합적 연구방법론을 통하여 1차 질적 분석, 2차 양적 분석을 실시하였다. 질적 분석은 반구조적 인터뷰 방식을 통해 진행하였고 사이버보안 관리체계의 미비, 사이버보안에 대한 내부적인 비협조, 의사결정체계에 파생되는 문제점이라는 세 가지 주제를 발견하였다. 양적 분석은 설문 조사를 통해 확보한 데이터를 대상으로 다중회귀분석을 실시하였으며, 독립변수 중에 사이버위협에 대한 인식과 내부적인 지지가 종속변수인 사이버보안 관리체계에 (+)의 방향으로 영향을 미치며 통계적으로 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구를 통해 중소기업의 사이버보안에 있어서는 외부적 환경 변수보다는 내부적인 변수가 사이버보안 관리체계에 인과적 영향이 있었으며, 이는 직원들의 인식 등 조직 문화와 관련되는 변수가 중요하다는 것을 말해준다. 이러한 결과는 중소기업에서 사이버보안 관리체계를 높이는데 실질적인 의의를 제공해 줄 것으로 기대된다.

Until now, a lot of research on cyber security have been tried, but there have been few studies on overall relationships, including internal factors and external factors. Therefore, this study examined cyber security management considering not only internal elements of SMEs but also corporate management environment. The first qualitative analysis and the second quantitative analysis were conducted through mixed method research. Qualitative analysis was conducted through a semi-structured interview method, and three themes were found: insufficient cyber security management system, internal noncooperation for cyber security, and problems derived from decision-making system. In the quantitative analysis, multiple regression analysis was conducted on the data obtained through the questionnaire. The perception of cyber threats and internal support among independent variables positively influenced the cyber security management system or the dependent variable. Through this study, internal variables had a causal impact on the cyber security management system rather than external environment variables. This implies that the variables related to the organizational culture such as employees’ perception are important. These results are expected to provide practical significance for enhancing the cyber security management system in SMEs.

본 연구는 지역아동센터 서비스와 취약계층 청소년의 학교적응에 대한 통합적 이해를 도모하기 위해 양적연구와 질적연구의 상호보완을 목적으로 혼합연구를 실시하였다. 이를 위해 「지역아동센터아동패널」을 활용하여 양적연구를 실시하고, 지역아동센터를 이용하는 청소년의 심층 인터뷰를 토대로 질적 연구를 수행한 순차설명설계 방법으로 진행하였다. 혼합 연구 결과, 지역아동센터 서비스는 다양하고 복합적으로 취약계층 청소년의 학교적응에 긍정적 영향을 미쳤고, 자아탄력성의 간접효과가 나타났다. 한편, 지역아동센터 교사 지지는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았으나 질적 연구에서 지역아동센터 교사지지 중요성은 강조되었다. 또한, 지역아동센터 내 프로그램화된 서비스만이 아닌 대상, 공간, 구조, 시스템 등을 통해 취약계층 청소년의 학교 적응에 순기능을 하고 있음이 드러났다. 이에 지역아동센터 서비스의 질적 강화와 교사의 전문성 강화 등 현장과 학계, 유관기관들을통한 증거기반 결과물을 누적하여 취약계층 청소년의 학교적응 증진을 위해 다 체계적으로 노력해야 할 것이다.

This mixed Methods study was conducted to complement the quantitative and qualitative research in order to provide an integrated understanding of the community child center services and school adaptation of vulnerable adolescent. This research was sequential explanatory design, It conducted a quantitative analysis on Community Child Center Panel Data and a qualitative analysis based on the in-depth interviews with adolescents using community child center. The result of this study were as follows, The community child center services have yielded various and complex positive effects on school adaptation of vulnerable adolescents and showed the indirect effect of ego-resilience. In the other hand, supports for teachers of community child center was not statistically significant, but the importance of teachers of supports was emphasized in qualitative research. In addition, The objects, spaces, structures, and systems of community child center centers are a positive function as a school adaption for vulnerable adolescents. Therefore, in order to enhance the adaptation of vulnerable adolescents to the school, it is necessary to accumulate evidence-based results through field, academia and related institutions, such as strengthening the quality of services at Community Children centers and enhancing the professionalism of teachers.

This mixed-methods study investigates how Pontic Greeks in Western Macedonia, Greece, preserve and adapt their culinary traditions amid modern challenges. Employing survey questionnaires (n = 390), interviews, and participant observation, we explored sociodemographic attributes, lifestyle factors, and food preferences. Statistical and thematic analyses revealed a strong preference for traditional delicacies, such as pisia (a type of pancake) and tanomenon sorva (yogurt soup), alongside a notable shift from butter to olive oil driven by health considerations. Qualitative findings underscored the deep cultural and emotional significance of these foods, revealing themes such as intergenerational knowledge transmission, urbanization’s impact, and the dual role of heritage and convenience in shaping food choices. Integrated data analysis revealed a convergence regarding the importance of preserving culinary traditions in the face of societal change, illustrating the dynamic nature of Pontic Greek gastronomy. This study demonstrates how personal, cultural, environmental, and societal factors influence the maintenance and evolution of these culinary practices.

This exploratory mixed-methods study examined the experiences of first-year engineering students in integrating problem-based learning (PBL) and practical learning. It also explored how these experiences relate to students' self-efficacy, peer evaluation, and early academic adjustment. The study involved 16 first-year engineering students enrolled in two project-based courses. Quantitative analyses assessed the reliability and construct validity of self-, peer-, and team-evaluation instruments, while qualitative data from 32 semi-structured interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. The qualitative findings revealed several recurring themes, including authentic engagement in problem exploration, collaborative idea development, peer interaction, and emerging academic confidence. Quantitative results showed a relatively strong alignment between self-assessment and peer-assessment scores, whereas the relationship between individual self-perceptions and team-level evaluations was more variable. Given the small sample size and single-institution context, these findings should be interpreted with caution. Nevertheless, the study offers valuable insights into how integrated PBL and practical learning environments may enhance collaborative engagement and knowledge application among first-year university students. The implications for instructional design and multi-source evaluation practices in project-based learning contexts are discussed.

Purpose: High recurrence risks significantly contribute to poor health outcomes among postoperative cervical cancer patients. This study aimed to determine the impact of fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) on the posttraumatic growth (PTG) in postoperative cervical cancer patients and to investigate the mediating effects of self-care self-efficacy and health-promoting behaviors within this relationship. Methods: A total of 334 cervical cancer patients who had undergone surgery in three tertiary hospitals in Liaoning Province, China, were recruited using a convenience sampling method. Data were collected using the general information questionnaire, the Fear of Progression Questionnaire (FCR), the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTG), the Strategies Used by People to Promote Health (self-care self-efficacy), and the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (health-promoting behaviors). Data analysis was performed using descriptive analysis, Pearson's correlations, and multiple linear regression analysis. A structural equation model was conducted using Amos 24.0 software. Results: PTG of cervical cancer patients after surgery was significantly and negatively associated with FCR (r = -.54, p < .001), while positively correlated with self-care self-efficacy (r = .51, p < .001) and health-promoting behaviors (r = .59, p < .001). The mediation model revealed that self-care self-efficacy (Boots 95% CI 0.39 ∼ 0.15) and health-promoting behaviors (Boots 95% CI 0.51 ∼ 0.24) independently served as mediating factors, respectively. Self-care self-efficacy and health-promoting behaviors played a significant chain mediating effect between FCR and PTG (Boots 95% CI 0.19 ∼ 0.07), with an indirect effect of 11.6%. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that self-care self-efficacy and health-promoting behaviors partially mediated the relationship between FCR and PTG in cervical cancer survivors after surgery. Implementing tailored interventions that focus on enhancing self-care self-efficacy and health-promoting behaviors among cervical cancer survivors may help alleviate concerns about cervical cancer recurrence and enhance PTG following surgery.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the participation experiences of patients with type 2 diabetes in an Automated Personalized Self-Care program, assess the changes in self-care behavior and glycemic control, and evaluate the stages of change and readiness to change using the transtheoretical model (TTM). Methods: We examined 16 patients with type 2 diabetes who participated in a diabetes self-care program using a mobile application. Purposive sampling continued until data saturation. Using a mixed method study, we analyzed the participants’ characteristics, self-care behavior, stage of change, and readiness to change quantitatively and analyzed the qualitative data using Elo and Kyngas’s content analysis method. Results: The compliance group (CG) showed improved self-care behavior and glycemic control. In the CG, the proportion of participants in the action stage was higher in the exercise and diet domains and lower in the blood glucose testing and medication domains than in the non-compliance group (NCG). Readiness to change, motivation for health behaviors, and social motivation were higher in the CG, whereas personal motivation was higher in the NCG. In this qualitative study, three categories and 11 subcategories were identified. The findings suggest the CG regarded their experience in the program more frequently as positive, whereas the NCG perceived greater barriers to using the mobile application in the program. Conclusion: Based on the differences identified between the CG and NCG, TTM-based strategies are needed to facilitate the progression of NCG to the action stage.

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate nurses’ perceptions and performance of family-centered care (FCC) at a children’s hospital in Sri Lanka and to explore the feasibility of implementing FCC in the context of the Sri Lankan healthcare system. Methods: A convergent, parallel, mixed-methods design was applied to understand Sri Lankan nurses’ perspectives on FCC. In total, 157 nurses working at a large teritagy children’s hospital responded to a self-report survey and 18 nurses participated in focus group interviews. Results: Of the factors of FCC, family participation in caring for children received the highest score (4.09±0.51) for perceptions, and information-sharing received the highest score (3.54±0.55) for performance. The qualitative data revealed the following five themes: (a) importance of the family in caring for children; (b) helping families during children’s hospitalization; (c) taking steps to implement FCC, even with imperfect knowledge; (d) barriers in the current situation; and (e) suggested strategies to promote FCC. Conclusion: Participants endorsed the concept of FCC and demonstrated some aspects of it in their day-to-day practice. The results indicate a clear knowledge deficit and several challenges, which need to be addressed to effectively implement FCC.

Purpose: Infection control is a critical concern in nursing homes, especially in the post-COVID-19 era, due to the frailty and complex health conditions of older adults. This study aimed to develop an educational framework to improve infection control practices in nursing homes. Methods: We interviewed five infection specialists to gain practical insights. Subsequently, we administered three rounds of Delphi surveys to 20 nursing home practitioners to assess the validity and practicality of the selected items, thereby establishing a comprehensive framework. Results: The interview data revealed three key categories: recipient-centered, interaction-centered, and environment-centered. Following the Delphi surveys, we identified seven crucial factors for practicality in nursing homes: the characteristics of residents’ health, detection of subtle changes, identification of nonverbal signs, effective communication among professionals, feedback and assessment among professionals, following infection control principles, education based on problem-solving, and immunization and isolation strategies for creating a safe environment. Conclusion: By integrating expert insights and validating the framework through the Delphi technique, the proposed framework enhances infection control training and education programs in nursing homes, ultimately ensuring resident safety.

Purpose: Job satisfaction among blood center nurses is suboptimal due to challenging working conditions, characterized by unexpected tasks resulting from sudden schedule changes and frequent weekend shifts. This study aimed to quantitatively examine the relationships among job stress, psychological capital, personejob fit, job crafting, and job satisfaction, based on the job crafting model. Additionally, qualitative data were collected through mixed methods to gain a better understanding of the experiences related to job satisfaction among blood center nurses. Methods: A convergent mixed methods research design was employed to simultaneously collect quantitative and qualitative data and to integrate the findings from both analyses. A total of 127 full-time nurses who had completed at least a three-month probationary period at blood centers participated in the study. Participants were recruited from three blood centers operated by the Korean Red Cross in three metropolitan cities. The survey included open-ended qualitative questions and five quantitative measures covering job satisfaction, job stress, psychological capital, personejob fit, and job crafting. The data collection occurred from September to October 2022. Results: Regression analysis identified key factors influencing job satisfaction as personejob fit, job stress, psychological capital, and marital status, explaining 80% of the variance. Qualitative analysis of the open-ended responses showed five main themes: “deriving fulfillment from work,” “challenges encountered at work,” “driving forces behind positive outcomes,” “congruence between individual’s traits and job requirements,” and “efforts to perform meaningful work.” Conclusions: The findings suggest the need for developing an employee assistance program and educational initiatives aimed at enhancing job satisfaction among blood center nurses. These should focus on improving personejob fit, managing stress, aiding with emotional labor, and bolstering psychological capital.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to conduct a pre-conception care program for women of childbearing age with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Korea and verify its effects on self-efficacy for IBD management, IBD-related pregnancy knowledge, and IBD-related pregnancy anxiety. It also aimed to explore the changes in participants through the program. Methods: A convergent mixed-methods study design was adopted. In the quantitative phase, 35 women (17 and 18 in the intervention and control group, respectively) participated. The intervention group attended a program that included small-group sessions and individual tele-coaching. To confirm the effects, data were collected before and one and four weeks after the intervention. In the qualitative stage, focus group interviews and tele-coaching were conducted with the intervention group. Results: After the program ended, significant differences were observed over time between the intervention and control groups for self-efficacy for IBD management (Wald χ² = 4.41, p = .036), IBD-related pregnancy knowledge (Wald χ² = 13.80, p < .001) and IBD-related pregnancy anxiety (Wald χ² = 8.61, p = .003). Qualitative data analysis revealed the following themes: (1) improving confidence in IBD management and awareness for planned pregnancy; (2) improving IBD awareness related to pregnancy and childbirth; and (3) relieving anxiety about and actively facing pregnancy. Conclusion: This study is meaningful in that, to the best of our knowledge, it is the first to develop a pre-conception care program for women diagnosed with IBD and confirm its effectiveness. Furthermore, this program is expected to be suitable for patient counseling and education in clinical practice.

Purpose:This study aimed to identify the infant-rearing experiences of parents during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and provide foundational data for the development of infant-rearing support programs during pandemic situations. Methods: Convergent mixed methods were used to better understand the research outcomes by converging both quantitative and qualitative data. A total of 149 parents with infant-rearing experiences during the pandemic responded to a self-report survey, and 10 parents participated in the interviews. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s method, descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, the Scheffe test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression. Results: Analysis of qualitative data yielded the following three categories: five theme clusters, ten themes, and thirty-nine sub-themes. The factors influencing infant-rearing behavior were nuclear family (β=.34, p<.001) and rearing stress (β=-.39, p<.001). The explanatory power of the regression equation was 26.6%. Conclusion: Infectious disease disasters, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, can quickly alter infant-rearing conditions, causing heightened parental anxiety. This may affect infant-rearing behaviors and hinder healthy infant development. Future research should develop a comprehensive tool to measure holistic health-related parenting behaviors across the different stages of child development. Additionally, pediatric nurse practitioners can play an active role in educating parents, supporting parenting, and promoting healthy infant development in their communities, making pediatric nurse practitioners a highly relevant and necessary healthcare profession during infectious disease disasters. Thus, there is a need to improve institutions and build infrastructure at the national level to support them.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop an online oncology nursing simulation module focused on septic shock care for cancer patients. Additionally, it sought to evaluate the module’s effectiveness in improving nursing students’ clinical performance, clinical confidence, learning satisfaction, and learning flow. Methods: A mixed-methods experimental design was employed. The simulation module was developed using the ADDIE model and delivered via a web-based platform. Fifty nursing students were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=25) or a control group (n=25). As normality assumptions were not met, the Mann-Whitney U test was used for group comparisons, and Spearman’s rank correlation was employed to examine relationships among dependent variables. Additionally, three focus group interviews were conducted with the experimental group, and qualitative data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Results: The experimental group showed significantly higher scores in clinical confidence, learning satisfaction, and learning flow compared with the control group (all variables p<.001). Clinical performance also improved, but the difference was not significant (p=.070). Exploratory correlation analysis indicated strong interrelationships among clinical confidence, learning satisfaction, and learning flow (ρ=.53-.76, p<.001), whereas clinical performance was only weakly related to learning flow (ρ=.28, p=.047). Qualitative findings supported these results, highlighting immersive learning and enhanced clinical reasoning. Conclusion: The online oncology nursing simulation module effectively enhanced core competencies, particularly clinical confidence, while also supporting interrelated experiences of learning satisfaction and learning flow, as indicated by exploratory correlation analysis. These findings suggest that web-based simulation is a practical and scalable strategy for nursing education in the digital era.

PurposeThis study aimed to explore the experiences of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) according to their adherence to a personalized self-care (PSC) program and to evaluate its effects on self-care activities and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels 18 months after baseline. MethodsA convergent mixed-methods design was employed. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 33 participants who demonstrated high adherence (adherence group, AG) and 17 participants who demonstrated low adherence (non-adherence group, NAG). Data were analyzed using Elo and Kyngas’s content analysis approach. The program’s effects were evaluated by comparing the mean differences between pre-test and 18-month follow-up data using SPSS version 23.0. ResultsParticipants in the AG used the app for self-monitoring, which promoted self-reflection and improved diabetes self-care. Participants in the NAG expressed an intentions to improve but reported low motivation due to limited willpower, busy schedules, and insufficient awareness of the diabetes severity. Foot care significantly improved both within (Z = ?3.98, p < .001) and between groups (t = ?2.22, p = .031), with the most notable improvement observed in the AG. Significant improvements in general diet (t = ?2.68, p = .012) and HbA1c levels (Z = ?2.93, p = .003) were observed only in the AG. ConclusionThe finding suggested that PSC program enhanced diabetes self-care activities, particularly in the areas of general diet, foot care, and HbA1c control. To enhance self-care adherence among individuals with T2D, mobile apps should offer goal setting, progress tracking, simplified data entry, and reminders.

Purpose: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused patients to suffer from various physical and psychological symptoms and social challenges, but the impact was harder for those COVID-19 patients receiving treatment in single-room isolation wards in South Korea. This study aimed to investigate resilience, anxiety, depression, and sleep quality of those patients and the relationships between those variables, and explore the patients' experience of resilience during the COVID-19 treatment in single-room isolation wards. Methods: This study employed a mixed-methods approach, collecting quantitative data through surveys and qualitative data through semistructured interviews conducted between May and October 2022. Quantitative surveys encompassing disease-specific and demographic information, visual analog scales to assess anxiety, depression, and sleep quality, and the Connor-Davidson resilience scale were administered to patients (N = 153). Qualitative thematic analyses were conducted following interviews with a subset of patients (N = 13) belonging to the high-resilience group. Results: Resilience exhibited a negative correlation with anxiety and depression, while showing a positive correlation with sleep quality. Factors affecting resilience include having a spouse, educational attainment, and depression. The qualitative thematic analysis results were categorized into: (1) facing the reality of being isolated in a room; (2) struggling to accept and adapt to isolation; and (3) seeking connections in isolation. Conclusions: This research sheds light on the challenges faced by individuals in isolation and underscores the crucial role of resilience in overcoming such challenges. The resilience observed in these patients is grounded in both interpersonal and profound spiritual connections. These findings underscore the necessity for nurses to develop customized strategies to alleviate the impacts of social isolation.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the awareness and educational demand regarding Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) infection control among nurses in wards with cohort isolation rooms. Methods: A mixed-methods design was applied. Quantitative data were collected via structured questionnaires and data from 61 nurses and analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 23.0. An Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) was conducted. Qualitative data were collected through focus groups with 12 nurses who worked in wards with VRE cohort isolation rooms, and content analysis was conducted. Methods: A mixed-methods design was applied. Quantitative data were collected via structured questionnaires and data from 61 nurses and analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 23.0. An Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) was conducted. Qualitative data were collected through focus groups with 12 nurses who worked in wards with VRE cohort isolation rooms, and content analysis was conducted. Results: All items had lower performance scores than their importance scores, with significant differences. In the qualitative/descriptive analysis, the barriers to implementing VRE infection control were a lack of awareness of infection control, increased work burden, and lack of resources. Conclusion: The findings indicate that it is necessary to develop systematic education tailored to nurses in wards with cohort isolation rooms. Furthermore, adequate resource support, distinct from the general infection control practices in other wards, is necessary. This includes considering additional infection control tasks and procedures when staffing the ward, as well as supplying equipment in accordance with cohort isolation requirements.

Purpose: To sustain behavior change, an intervention strategy that considers the contribution of affect to daily physical activity behavior regulation is needed. Although virtual reality-based physical activity interventions have the potential to improve emotional status, interventions using virtual reality videos in a free-living environment are lacking. This pilot study assessed the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a home-based intervention using 360-degree virtual videos and wearable activity trackers to improve mood and physical activity. Methods: A one-group pilot study of 12 middle-aged migrant women asked participants to watch virtual reality videos and perform moderate-intensity walking 5 days per week for 4 weeks, then complete surveys and focus group interviews. The intervention’s feasibility and preliminary efficacy were assessed by examining recruitment, retention, adherence, acceptability, mood, physical activity, and exercise self-efficacy. Results: A word-of-mouth approach was effective for recruiting participants. Although the weekly intervention adherence rate ranged from 53.5% to 83.5%, retention (92.3%) and acceptability (91.7%) were high. Participants were satisfied with the “visual status indicators,” “sense of accomplishment and confidence,” “emotional engagement and sense of presence,” “joy from exercise,” “external motivation through supervision,” “easy to control virtual reality device,” and “extra benefits” of the intervention. Participants had significant decreases in negative affect (p=.016). Positive affect, physical activity, and exercise self-efficacy showed trends toward improvement. Conclusion: This home-based intervention employing virtual reality videos and Fitbit activity trackers is feasible and shows preliminary efficacy in improving mood. Further research is warranted to evaluate its effectiveness in a more rigorous randomized controlled trial.