Earticle

본 논문에서는 해양자동채염기의 구조중량 최소화를 위해 구조설계에 대한 메타모델 기반 근사최적화를 수행하 였다. 구조해석은 해양자동채염기의 초기설계에 대한 강도성능을 평가하기 위해 유한요소법을 이용하여 수행하였다. 구 조해석에서는 설계하중조건에 대한 강도성능을 평가하였다. 최적설계문제는 강도성능 제한조건을 만족하면서 중량을 최소화할 수 있는 구조두께의 설계변수를 결정하도록 정식화하였다. 근사최적화에는 반응표면법, 크리깅 모델 및 체비쇼 프 직교 다항식의 메타모델을 사용하였다. 수치계산 특성을 검토하기 위해 근사최적화 결과는 비근사최적화 결과와 비 교하였다. 근사최적화에 사용된 메타모델 중 체비쇼프 직교 다항식이 해양자동채염기의 구조설계에 가장 적합한 최적설 계 결과를 나타내었다.

In this paper, the meta-model based approximate optimization was carried out for the structure design of an ocean automatic salt collector in order to minimize the structure weight. The structural analysis was performed by using the finite element method to evaluate the strength performance of the ocean automatic salt collector in its initial design. In the structural analysis, it was evaluated the strength performance of the design load conditions. The optimum design problem was formulated so that design variables of main structure thickness would be determined by minimizing the structure weight subject to strength performance constraints. The meta-models used in the approximate optimization were the response surface method, Kriging model, and Chebyshev orthogonal polynomials. Regarding to the numerical characteristics, the solution results from approximate optimization techniques were compared to the results of non-approximate optimization. The Chebyshev orthogonal polynomials among the meta-models used in the approximate optimization showed the most appropriate optimum design results for the structure design of the ocean automatic salt collector.

기업혁신은 학계의 지속적 연구 주제 중 하나이고 기업에게는 늘 절실한 실행 과제지만, 이론과 실제 간의 괴리는 여전히 큰 상태이다. 그 이유 중 하나는 학계는 일반적으로 세부 학문분야별로 혁신 연구를 수행해 온 반면, 기업은 종합적 시각에서 혁신을 모색하기 때문이다. 본 연구는 다양한 기업활동을 일반화 한 상위 수준의 개념모형 즉, 메타(meta)모델에 입각해서 포괄적 혁신유형들을 제안하기 위한 것이다. 여기에서 메타모델이란 일반적 기업활동을 2개의 축 즉, 기업 가치사슬(X축)과 경영관리계층(Y축)으로 구분한 개념모형(‘4W1H’)을 가리킨다. 4W1H에 입각해서 고객가치, 공급역량, 가치제안, 시장유통, 운영방식 등 5가지 혁신영역을 설정하고, 각 영역을 생태계로의 진전 수준에 따라 5개로 구분해서 총 25개의 혁신유형을 도출하였다. 혁신유형 분류에 대한 종래의 연구는 대부분 bottom-up 방식(즉, taxonomy)임에 반해 본 연구는 top-down 방식(즉, typology)이어서 아직 등장하지 않은 새로운 혁신유형을 제시할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 제안한 혁신유형 분류에 따라 세계적 혁신기업으로 선정된 기업들을 중심으로 국내/외 20개 기업의 혁신활동을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 혁신기업에 대한 종래의 평가와 큰 차이는 없는 가운데 기업별 혁신전략과 수준의 차이를 논리적으로 설명할 수 있었다. 따라서, 제안한 혁신유형 분류의 유효성은 확인하였으나 제한된 사례분석에 의한 것이므로 향후, 광범위한 기업에 대한 실증분석을 통해 일반화 가능성을 검증할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 학계에는 기업혁신관련 분절된 연구들을 통합할 수 있는 기초를 제공하고, 기업들에게는 혁신 수준 진단이나 대안의 탐색과 전략적 선택을 지원할 수 있는 도구를 제공한다는 점에 의의가 있다.

There still exists gap between research and practices on enterprise innovation. The gap comes from lack of holistic approach in academia while companies seek innovation everywhere. The purpose of this study is to suggest a comprehensive typology of enterprise innovation based on a meta-model that can cover all business activities. The meta-model we call 4W1H represents five areas, i.e., customer value, supply capacity, value proposition, and market distribution. For each areas of 4W1H, 5 innovation types are defined according to progress level of business ecosystem. Comparing with the bottom-up approach(i.e., taxonomy) of most previous research, the top-down approach(i.e., typology) of ours is more powerful because it could derive not-yet-appeared innovation types. We analyzed 20 most innovative companies in the world and found 4W1H and 25 types are appropriate for logically explaining the differences of strategy and level of enterprise innovation. It is further required to verify the meta-model and typology of innovation through theoretical and empirical research.

The National Information Standards Organization (NISO) Manuscript Exchange Common Approach (MECA) project is a cross-organization industry initiative to develop a common approach to manuscript transfer that can be adopted across the scholarly publishing industry. MECA establishes a vocabulary set that includes transfer, review, and manifest models. These models are designed to work with different article XML schemas, including the latest NISO Journal Article Tag Suite (JATS) standard (v1.2). In order to avoid conflicts between these project vocabularies and the JATS, we reviewed the MECA vocabularies against the NISO JATS Compatibility Meta Model (v0.7). This paper describes the review and analysis of the MECA schemas against the JATS Meta Model, how we documented the analysis, and the recommendations we made to resolve issues revealed by the analysis. It includes the documentation we produced to communicate the results of the analysis and what actions we took to move forward with the project, including both changes to the schemas and requests for changes in the JATS. We hope sharing our experiences with this process will help others who are trying to do the same.

Recent meta-learning algorithms for few-shot learning are based on episodic training where each episode consists of only a few support and query samples to imitate a target few-shot task. However, due to the limited number of categories and few samples in each category, this framework suffers from over-fitting to both a meta-training dataset and the support set of each episode. It also causes a large variance in the accuracy of each episode, which reduces reliability and confidence in model performance. To address this problem, we propose a novel meta-ensemble learning approach based on a recent ensemble method: a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) configuration. Our approach is simply applied to existing meta-learning algorithms. Multiple subnetworks in a single model simultaneously learn multiple episodes and ensemble the predictions, leveraging the model capacity. We show that meta-ensemble learning achieves significant improvement in generalization. It also improves the performance of meta-learning algorithms on few-shot classification benchmarks.

Purpose: This study involved a meta-synthesis of qualitative research concerning the experiences of women with infertility and infertility treatments. Based on an analysis of emotional changes and adaptation processes, it aimed to propose an interaction model encompassing expectation, loss, and resilience and clarify the conceptual meaning of each component. Methods: Thomas and Harden’s five-step qualitative meta-synthesis methodology was employed. A total of 22 studies published between 2014 and 2024 were comprehensively analyzed and synthesized. The findings were integrated into a model representing the experiences of women undergoing infertility and infertility treatments. Results: The meta-synthesis identified six key themes: changes in identity and inner growth; strengthening resilience through the roles of spouses, family, and peers; strategies for recovery and growth; support systems amidst economic and social burdens; life in the tension of waiting and hope; and the reconfiguration of couple and family relationships. Based on these themes, a dynamic interaction model, named the Model of Psychological Changes and Resilience (PCR Model), was developed to illustrate the interrelationships among expectation, loss, and resilience. The conceptual implications of these relationships were also explicated. Conclusion: The cyclical interplay between expectation and loss among women experiencing infertility is intensified by social ideologies and cultural contexts, while resilience is strengthened through overcoming distress and finding meaning in life. Further quantitative research is necessary to validate these relationships in clinical settings by obtaining empirical data that apply this model.

Purpose: Although the importance of health promotion for nurses is increasing, there is a lack of meta-analyses targeting nurses in the world. This study aimed to identify the effect sizes between the health-promoting behaviors and related variables of nurses working in Korea. Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. The literature included in this meta-analysis was published between 1994 and 2022 in core databases such as KMbase, KISS, KoreaMed, ScienceON, DBpia, NAL, RISS, CINAHL, CENTRAL, WoS, PubMed, and hand searched. In this study, the PICO-SD framework was applied with Participants being nurses actively working in various healthcare settings across Korea, and for a more comprehensive search, intervention and comparisons were not set. The outcomes measured were nurses' health-promoting behaviors, assessed using structured tools. The study design included observational studies. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis and the R software program were used for meta-analysis. Results: In total, 50 articles were selected for the systematic review and meta-analysis. The total effect size of the 50 articles was moderate (correlation effect size [ESr] = 0.30). The individual variables presented in the 50 articles were classified into nine sub-categories according to Pender's Health Promotion Model (HPM). Among them, situational influences demonstrated the largest effect size (ESr = 0.44, number of studies [k] = 2), followed by perceived self-efficacy (ESr = 0.39, k = 10) and activity-related affect (ESr = 0.32, k = 12). Conclusions: To achieve the optimal health status of nurses through health promotion intervention programs, these effective variables ? situational influences, perceived self-efficacy, and activity-related affect ? should be considered when developing the intervention program for nurses. Registration: CRD42022299907.

Analyzing and defining specific business process in applications such as CRM is complicated and changeable on demand as it has to support the enterprises to meet the business goals and requirements. Also, business process needs to be flexible enough to adapt the dynamic business strategies. MDA provides a standard way of defining business process meta-modeling and unifies the diverse business process containing well defined business rules. In this paper, we have designed the business process meta-model, which focuses on sales, marketing and service areas. The cross-functional relationship between the components within and across the CRM system shows the integrated business process. Thus, this paper provides a meta-modeling paradigm of business processes of the CRM system, and it is able to apply business rules of the domain to have more flexibility of the functional components and increase the system as well as the business value.

Recently, researches on Management Information Systems (MIS) have laid out theoretical foundation and academic paradigms by introducing diverse theories, themes, and methodologies. Especially, academic paradigms of MIS encourage a user-friendly approach by developing the technologies from the users’ perspectives, which reflects the existence of strong causal relationships between information systems and user's behavior. As in other areas in social science the use of structural equation modeling (SEM) has rapidly increased in recent years especially in the MIS area. The SEM technique is important because it provides powerful ways to address key IS research problems. It also has a unique ability to simultaneously examine a series of casual relationships while analyzing multiple independent and dependent variables all at the same time. In spite of providing many benefits to the MIS researchers, there are some potential pitfalls with the analytical technique. The research objective of this study is to provide some guidelines for an appropriate use of SEM based on the assessment of current practice of using SEM in the MIS research. This study focuses on several statistical issues related to the use of SEM in the MIS research. Selected articles are assessed in three parts through the meta analysis. The first part is related to the initial specification of theoretical model of interest. The second is about data screening prior to model estimation and testing. And the last part concerns estimation and testing of theoretical models based on empirical data. This study reviewed the use of SEM in 164 empirical research articles published in four major MIS journals in Korea (APJIS, ISR, JIS and JITAM) from 1991 to 2007. APJIS, ISR, JIS and JITAM accounted for 73, 17, 58, and 16 of the total number of applications, respectively. The number of published applications has been increased over time. LISREL was the most frequently used SEM software among MIS researchers (97 studies (59.15%)), followed by AMOS (45 studies (27.44%)). In the first part, regarding issues related to the initial specification of theoretical model of interest, all of the studies have used cross-sectional data. The studies that use cross-sectional data may be able to better explain their structural model as a set of relationships. Most of SEM studies, meanwhile, have employed. confirmatory-type analysis (146 articles (89%)). For the model specification issue about model formulation, 159 (96.9%) of the studies were the full structural equation model. For only 5 researches, SEM was used for the measurement model with a set of observed variables. The average sample size for all models was 365.41, with some models retaining a sample as small as 50 and as large as 500. The second part of the issue is related to data screening prior to model estimation and testing. Data screening is important for researchers particularly in defining how they deal with missing values. Overall, discussion of data screening was reported in 118 (71.95%) of the studies while there was no study discussing evidence of multivariate normality for the models. On the third part, issues related to the estimation and testing of theoretical models on empirical data, assessing model fit is one of most important issues because it provides adequate statistical power for research models. There were multiple fit indices used in the SEM applications. The test was reported in the most of studies (146 (89%)), whereas normed- test was reported less frequently (65 studies (39.64%)). It is important that normed- of 3 or lower is required for adequate model fit. The most popular model fit indices were GFI (109 (66.46%)), AGFI (84 (51.22%)), NFI (44 (47.56%)), RMR (42 (25.61%)), CFI (59 (35.98%)), RMSEA (62 (37.80)), and NNFI (48 (29.27%)). Regarding the test of construct validity, convergent validity has been examined in 109 studies (66.46%) and discriminant validity in 98 (59.76%). 81 studies (49.39%) have reported the average variance extracted (AVE). However, there was little discussion of direct (47 (28.66%)), indirect, and total effect in the SEM models. Based on these findings, we suggest general guidelines for the use of SEM and propose some recommendations on concerning issues of latent variables models, raw data, sample size, data screening, reporting parameter estimated, model fit statistics, multivariate normality, confirmatory factor analysis, reliabilities and the decomposition of effects.

본 연구의 목적은 새로운 메타모형을 제안하여 다양한 개념결합 모형들을 체계적으로 분류하고 종합하는 것이다. 이를 위해서 첫째, ‘개념표상’, ‘정보유형’, 그리고 ‘처리과정’의 세 가지 분석 차원에 따라 아홉 가지 대표적인 개념결합 처리모형들을 분석하였다. 그 결과 개념결합 처리과정 모형의 두 가지 유형이 도출되었고, 이는 각각 관계기반 모형과 차원기반 모형에 대응됨을 확인하였다. 둘째, 이러한 분석을 바탕으로 ‘지식 구조와 처리 수준에 따른 개념결합 처리과정의 3단계 메타모형’을 구체화하였다. 메타모형은 ‘처리 수준의 다양성’과 ‘지식구조의 다양성’을 나타내는 두 가지 차원에 걸쳐 구성하였다. 처리 수준 차원은 처리과정에 개재되는 정교화 정도를 함의하며 3단계로 구분되었다. 각 단계는 질적으로 구분되며 어떤 단계에서든 처리의 종료가 일어날 수 있다. 지식 구조의 다양성 차원은 개념결합 처리과정에서 실제로 사용될 수 있는 다양한 개념정보의 유형을 함의한다. 개념결합은 관계정보와 차원정보뿐만 아니라 인간의 기억 체계를 반영하는 다양한 지식에 의해 일어날 수 있다. 논의에서는 이 연구가 개념결합 연구에서 갖는 함의와 제한점 및 향후 연구 방향을 제시하였다.

The purpose of this article was to provide a comprehensive meta-model of conceptual combination by analyzing nine representative models of conceptual combination along the following three dimensions: types of representation, types of information, and types of processing. The analysis identified two types of processing into which the nine models can be summarized: Relation-based processing and dimension-based processing. Based on this analysis, we proposed a 3-stage model of conceptual combination as a meta-model. The model consists of two dimensions: Levels of processing and diversity of conceptual knowledge. The first dimension, ‘levels of processing’ corresponds to the levels of elaboration or automaticity, and consists of 3 qualitatively distinctive stages. Completion of processing can be occur in any stage of the model. The second dimension, ‘diversity of conceptual knowledge’ corresponds to the types of information actually involved in the processing of conceptual combination. Not only relational information and dimensional information but any types of information that the human memory systems retain and use can be involved in the processing of conceptual combination. Implications and further research directions were discussed.

Energy consumption reduction has become an important key word in manufacturing that can be achieved through the efficient and optimal use of raw materials and natural resources, and minimization of the harmful effects on nature or human society. The successful implementation of this concept can only be possible by considering a product's entire life cycle and even its disposal from the early design stage. To accomplish this idea with milling, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) strategies and cutting conditions are analyzed through process modeling and experiments. In this study, a model to predict the cutting energy in the milling process is used to find the cutting conditions, which minimize the cutting energy through a Kriging meta-modeling process. The MQL scheme is developed first to reduce the amount of cutting oil and costs used in the cutting process, which is then employed for the entire modeling and experiments.

본 연구는 메타분석을 통해 뇌손상 환자를 대상으로 한 최근 연구들의 지역사회재활의 효과를 ICF 요소별로 알아보고, 최근 지역사회재활 프로그램 적용방법 등을 알아봄으로써 지역사회재활 프로그램의 개발 및 활성화를 위한 기초자료를 제시하고자 하였다. 선정기준에 적합한 논문은 총 15건을 ICF 요소별로 나누어 효과크기 값을 구하였으며 대상 논문들의 동질성 검정과 출판편견 검정을 실시하였다. 그 결과 지역사회 재활 프로그램의 전체 효과크기는 0.22였고, ICF 요소별 효과크기는 신체기능과 구조 0.21, 활동과 참여 0.20으로 작은(small) 효과크기를 보였다. 또한 메타분석에 포함된 연구들은 통계적 이질성이나 출판편견이 없는 것으로 간주되어 본 연구 결과는 객관적이고 신뢰할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 뇌손상 환자의 지역사회재활 프로그램이 ICF 요소들인 신체기능과 구조, 활동과 참여 요소에 대한 변화 정도 즉 개입 효과를 잘 설명해 주고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

In this study, a meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of community-based rehabilitation on patients with brain injury by ICF factor in previous studies and examine the application of recent community-based rehabilitation program. Total 15 articles that satisfied the selection criteria were divided by ICF factors to obtain the effect size. Homogeneity and publication bias were tested for those selected papers. As a result, the overall effect size of community-based rehabilitation was 0.22; the effect size by physical function and structure among the ICF factors came to be 0.21; and the effect size of activity and participation was 0.20, indicating a small effect size. The studies involved in a meta-analysis were considered as the absence of heterogeneity and publication bias, which indicates that the results of this study are subjectively reliable. These results well explained the level of change on ICF factors, especially physical function and structure, activity and participation, in other words, the intervention effect of community-based rehabilitation on patients with brain injury.

우리군은 국방 아키텍처프레임워크(MND-AF)를 제정하여 전군적, 기관별, 단위시스템 아키텍 처를 개발할 때 적용하고 있다. MND-AF의 아키텍처메타모델(AMM)은 국방아키텍처 산출물에서 정 의된 아키텍처 정보의 구조를 조직화하고 정보간의 관계를 묘사하고, 참조모델 및 국방 상호운용성 표 준인 정보기술표준, 공통컴포넌트, 국방메타데이터 등과 연계를 통해 표준을 기반으로 상호운용성 달 성을 지원해야 한다. 그러나 AMM을 살펴보면 상호운용성 표준과의 연계성이 미흡하여 단위시스템 아키텍처를 개발할 때 상호운용성 표준을 원활하게 적용하는 것이 제한되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 단 위시스템 아키텍처를 개발할 때 국방 상호운용성 표준으로 관리되는 국방메타데이터 적용을 촉진시킬 수 있도록 국방메타데이터 기반 아키텍처메타모델의 논리데이터모델(OV-7c)을 제안한다.

The ROK military has established the MND-AF (Ministry of National Defense- Architecture Framework) and is applying it when developing architecture for Enterprise (MND), Segment (component) and Solution (weapons and force support system). The AMM (Architecture Meta model) of the MND-AF supports the establishment of interoperability by systematizing the architecture information structure defined by the Architecture artifact, describing the relationship between data and also by liking reference models and Information technology standard, common components, and MND-Meta data. which are interoperability standards. However, the MND-AMM has insufficient linkage with the standards, which places constraints on applying interoperability standards when developing Solution architecture. This study suggests a logical data model (OV-7c) from the MND-Meta-data-based Architecture meta model that will enhance the application of MND meta data managed by the MND interoperability standard when developing Solution architecture.

본 연구는 지난 20여 년간 건강신념모형을 적용한 국내 건강관련행동 연구를 수집하여 연구 동향을 파악하고, 계량적 메타분석을 통하여 행동 개선을 위한 건강신념모형의 구성요소별 통합효과 크기를 산출하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 국내에서 건강신념모형을 적용한 83편의 연구논문 중 계량적 메타분석에 포함된 연구는 64편으로 이 중 건강행동 연구가 16편, 환자역할행동 연구가 48편으로 주로 치료순응도 향상을 위한 접근이 이루어지고 있었다. 둘째, 건강행동의 경우 건강신념모형의 모든 구성요소의 통합효과크기가 유의하게 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 이중 가장 큰 효과를 미치는 구성요소는 행동 수행에 대한 장애요인(d=-0.5757)으로 장애요인을 낮게 인지할수록 건강행동이 향상되는 것으로 보인다. 셋째, 환자역할행동에 대한 분석결과에서는 행동 수행에 대한 환자 교육을 통한 행동계기 제공이 가장 큰 효과를 보였으며(d=2.0389), 행동 수행에 대한 편익의 인지 또한 치료순응도 향상에 효과가 있었던 반면(d=0.6540), 질병의 심각성과 질병에 이환될 가능성의 효과는 낮은 것으로 제시되고 있다. 이상의 결과는 건강행동 및 환자역할행동의 개선을 도모하기 위해서는 과거의 ‘겁주기’ 교육방법 보다는 행동 변화로 연계될 수 있는 순기능적 이익을 주지시키는 방법과 장애요인을 감소시키는 방법이 적극 모색될 필요가 있음을 제시하고 있다.

The purpose of this study is to summarize results from 64 domestic studies about health related behavior applied of health belief model and to assess the effectiveness of components on behavior change by using meta-analysis. We collected the existing literatures by using web search of 'health belief model', ‘health behavior’, 'illness behavior', and 'sick role behavior' as key words and by reviewing content of journals. Quantitative meta-analysis was performed by SAS program. Among 83 articles, 64 studies were selected for quantitative meta-analysis. All the components of health belief model produced significant effects on health behavior with the magnitude of effect size from 0.35 to 0.57. The largest effects were barrier on actions of health behavior. However, barrier, benefit and cue to action had effects for only sick role behavior. Overall, these investigation provide very substantial empirical evidence supporting health belief model dimensions as important contributors to the explanation and prediction of individual health related behavior. Strategic intervention based on health related behavior model showed clear advantage in improvement of behavioral change.

본 연구는 재난피해자들의 외상 후 스트레스 장애(이하 PTSD)에 영향을 미치는 변인들을 생태모델을 사용하여 체계적으로 분류하고 그 효과크기를 종합적으로 분석하기 위해 2005년부터 2015년까지 국내외에서 발간된 학술지논문 87편에 대해 메타분석을 실시하였다(N=961). 변인군 별로 PTSD에 대한 효과크기를 비교한 결과, 자연재해의 경우 통계적으로 유의한 효과크기를 보인 변인군 중 상위 세 번째는 ‘가족 내 특성, 가족 및 사회적 관계 관련 스트레스 원, 이차 스트레스 원’ 순으로 나타났다. 변인 별 분석 결과, 자연재해의 경우, ‘가족 내 특성’ 중 ‘기능적 측면’이 큰 효과크기를 보였다. 인재에 있어서 변인군 별로 효과크기를 비교한 결과, ‘노출, 가족 및 사회적 관계 관련 스트레스 원, 이차 스트레스 원’ 순으로 나타났으며, 변인 별 분석 결과, ‘노출’ 중 ‘심리적 거리’, ‘개인 심리특성’ 중 ‘정서반응’이 큰 효과크기를 보였다. 마지막으로 자연재해와 인재에 있어서 각 변인 별로 재난 경과기간과 국가 경제력을 조절변인으로 한 메타회귀분석을 실시하였으며, 조절효과가 유의했던 관련변인이 무엇인지 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구결과는 재난 심리지원 과정에서 우선적으로 주목해야 할 지표들을 밝힘으로서 임상적으로는 재난피해자들의 심리적 회복을 돕는 개입을 계획하도록 돕고, 정책적으로는 재난 후 정신건강 문제에 보다 취약한 이들이 가진 요소들을 고려하여 국가 차원에서 재난심리지원 방안을 마련하기 위한 근거자료로 제공될 수 있을 것이다.

The objective of this study is to classify relevant factors of disaster victims’ posttraumatic stress response systematically using an ecological model, and to analyze their effect sizes comprehensively. To this end, this study is a meta-analysis of 87 studies published in Korea and other countries between 2005 and 2015 on a topic of disaster victims’ posttraumatic stress response. First of all, factors associated with posttraumatic stress responses were derived and classified into sublevels of an ecological model: individualsystem, microsystem, and exosystem. Then, in order to investigate what predictors are more strongly related with the posttraumatic stress responses. The results are summarized as follows. In result, according to results on effect sizes by factor separately for different types of disaster, posttraumatic stress responses for natural disasters were best related with the ‘functions within family’and posttraumatic stress responses for man-made disaster were better related with ‘psychological distance’ of ‘exposure level’and ‘emotional response’ of ‘individual psychological characteristics’. At last, according to results on how effect sizes of factor groups vary according to time lapse since disaster and national economic power in each disaster type, we could find whether moderating effect was significant in the relationship between factor and posttraumatic stress responses or not. By determining indicators to focus on in disaster psychological support process, at a clinical level, this study assisted with planning of interventions for disaster victims’ psychological recovery. At a policy level, this study provided basic materials for national-level disaster psychological support measures by considering factors retained by those who are vulnerable to mental health problems after disaster. This study is expected to contribute to establishing effective support measures and policies for assisting with recovery of disaster victims.

본 연구는 Keyes(2005)의 정신건강 이중연속성 모델을 적용하여 자기용서와 정신건강(정신건강문제 및 안녕감) 간의 관계를 메타분석하였다. 2012년부터 2026년 1월까지 국내외 60편(국내 21편, 국외 39편)의 연구에서 도출된 총 142개의 효과 크기를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 자기용서는 우울, 불안, 자살 사고와 같은 정신건강문제와 유의한 부적 상관을 보였으며, 행복, 심리적 안녕감, 삶의 만족과 같은 안녕감(웰빙)과는 정적 상관을 나타냈다. 3차 하위변인 분석에서는 우울, 자살 사고, 불안, 자살 행동(자해 포함)에서 비교적 큰 부적 상관이 나타났고, 행복, 심리적 안녕감, 삶의 만족, 긍정정서에서 정적 상관이 나타났다. 또한 조절변인 분석 결과, 정신건강문제 영역에서는 성인․한국․HFS에서 상대적으로 큰 부적 상관이, 안녕감(웰빙) 영역에서는 대학생․미국․SSFS에서 상대적으로 큰 정적 상관이 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 자기용서가 정신건강의 위험 요인 감소와 보호 요인 증진을 동시에 설명하는 이론적 근거를 강화하며, 자기용서가 정신건강문제를 완화하고 안녕감(웰빙)을 증진시키는 보호 요인으로 작용할 가능성을 시사한다. 따라서 본 연구는 연령 및 문화에 따른 자기용서 기반 상담 및 심리적 개입 프로그램 개발의 필요성에 대한 실증적 근거를 제공한다.

This study meta-analyzed relationships between self-forgiveness and mental health using Keyes's (2005) dual-continua model. Analyses covered 142 effect sizes from 60 studies (21 domestic, 39 international) published between 2012 and January 2026. Self-forgiveness showed significant negative correlations with mental health problems (e.g., depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation) and positive correlations with well-being (e.g., happiness, psychological well-being, life satisfaction). Sub-variable analyses revealed relatively large negative correlations for depression, suicidal ideation, anxiety, and suicidal behavior (including self-harm), and positive correlations for happiness, psychological well-being, life satisfaction, and positive affect. Moderator analyses indicated relatively large negative correlations for adults, Korea, and the HFS in the mental health problems domain, and relatively large positive correlations for college students, the U.S., and the SSFS in the well-being domain. These findings suggest self-forgiveness functions as a protective factor alleviating mental health problems and promoting well-being, supporting the development of age- and culture-specific self-forgiveness-based counseling and intervention programs.

본 연구의 목적은 행복 메타인지를 측정하는 행복 메타인지 검사를 청소년을 대상으로 타당화하는 것이다. 이를 위해 고등학생 252명(남자 100명, 여자 152명)을 대상으로 행복 메타인지와 긍정적 정신건강 유형, 자기효능감, 또래 관계, 지각된 스트레스를 측정하였다. 평정자 간 신뢰도를 통해 검사의 신뢰도를 확인한 결과, Cronbach’s α=.85로 나타나 신뢰할 만한 것으로 나타났다. 준거관련 타당도를 확인하기 위해 관련 변인과의 상관관계를 분석하였고, 그 결과 행복 메타인지는 자기효능감 및 또래관계와는 정적 상관이, 지각된 스트레스와는 부적 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 다음으로 긍정적 정신건강 유형에서 행복 메타인지 수준은 쇠약과 부적응 유형보다 번영 유형에서 더 높았으며, 부적응 유형보다 분투 유형에서 유의하게 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과는 준거 관련 변인에 따라 행복 메타인지 수준에 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타나 행복 메타인지 검사의 준거관련 타당도가 확인된 것으로 볼 수 있다. 이러한 결과들을 바탕으로 청소년의 긍정적 정신건강 및 행복 증진을 위한 개입 방향과 함께 본 연구의 제한점을 논의하고 후속 연구를 위해 제언하였다.

The purpose of the present study is to validate the Happiness Meta-cognition Questionnaire which measures adolescents’ ability in happiness meta-cognition. Participants were 252 high school students (100 males, 152 females). All participants completed the Happiness Meta-cognition Questionnaire, the Positive Mental Health Scale, Self-efficacy Scale, IPPA-R and the Korean Version of Perceived Stress Scale. The result of inter-rater reliability between the raters showed an adequate level, thus indicating that the Happiness Meta-cognition Questionnaire is a reliable assessment tool. To confirm the criterion-related validity, we administered the correlation analysis between happiness meta-cognition and the mental health variables. The results showed that happiness meta-cognition positively correlated with self-efficacy and peer relationships, while negatively correlated with perceived stress. According to positive mental health types, flourishing type showed higher happiness meta-cognition than languishing and floundering type, and struggling type higher than floundering type. Lastly, the implications of the present study and suggestions for future research were discussed.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify effects of the variables of Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) Model on physical activity. Methods: This study has conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Sixteen articles were searched through electronic databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of science, Science Direct, RISS, KMBASE, KoreaMed, KISS, DBpia) and additional journals from 2000 to July, 2017. To estimate the effect size (ES), the meta-analysis of the studies was performed by using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis programs. Results: The overall effect size of the variables of HAPA on physical activity was median (ES=.28). Of the core variables of HAPA model, action control (ES=.43) showed the largest effect size, followed by coping self-efficacy (ES=.31) and planning (ES=.31).Additional variables were identified as preparatory behavior (ES=.39) and past physical activity (ES=.24). Through the moderator effect analysis, the effect size was higher in the volitional phase than in the motivational phase, and higher in the healthy group than in the patient group. The higher the proportion of males and the lower the age, the larger the effect size. Conclusion: This finding shows empirical evidence that all core variables of the HAPA model are useful for predicting physical activity. We propose the use of the HAPA model to develop physical activity promotion intervention.

홍수나 가뭄 등 극한 사상을 예측하여 재해에 대비하거나 또는 수자원을 효율적으로 관리, 배분하기 위하여 강우-유출 모형이 이용되고 있다. 그러나 많은 수문학자들은 강우-유출 모형이 가질 수밖에 없는 불확실성에 대하여 언급하였다. 실제 유역에 내린 강우는 증발과 증산, 차단, 침투 등 여러 과정을 거쳐 유출로 이어지는데, 모형에서는 이러한 복잡한 물리적 과정을 단순화하여 표현하였으므로 불확실성이 반드시 존재할 수밖에 없는 것이다. 따라서 모형으로부터의 모의 결과를 신뢰할 수 있는지를 정량적으로 판단하는 과정이 이루어져야 한다. 본 논문에서는 현재까지 강우-유출 모형의 불확실성을 평가한 선행 연구 중 Montanari와 Brath(2004)가 제시한 Meta-Gaussian 기법을 이용하여 강우-유출 모형 모의 결과에 대한 불확실성을 검토하였다. 이 기법은 모형 오차의 확률 분포형으로부터 신뢰구간의 상한계와 하한계를 추정하는 방법으로 수문모형의 전역적 불확실성(Global Uncertainty)을 정량화할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 동일한 강우사상에 대한 물리적 기반의 분포형 모형인 Vflo™ 모형과 개념적 준 분포형 모형인 HEC-HMS 모형으로부터 모의된 유출량을 Meta-Gaussian 기법을 적용하여 불확실성을 분석하였다.

Rainfall-runoff models are used for efficient management, distribution, planning, and design of water resources in accordance with the process of hydrologic cycle. The models simplify the transition of rainfall to runoff as rainfall through different processes including evaporation, transpiration, interception, and infiltration. As the models simplify complex physical processes, gaps between the models and actual rainfall events exist. For more accurate simulation, appropriate models that suit analysis goals are selected and reliable long-term hydrological data are collected. However, uncertainty is inherent in models. It is therefore necessary to evaluate reliability of simulation results from models. A number of studies have evaluated uncertainty ingrained in rainfall-runoff models. In this paper, Meta-Gaussian method proposed by Montanari and Brath(2004) was used to assess uncertainty of simulation outputs from rainfall-runoff models. The model, which estimates upper and lower bounds of the confidence interval from probabilistic distribution of a model’s error, can quantify global uncertainty of hydrological models. In this paper, Meta-Gaussian method was applied to analyze uncertainty of simulated runoff outputs from Vflo™, a physically-based distribution model and HEC-HMS model, a conceptual lumped model.