Earticle

목적: 본 연구는 쌍별귀뚜라미가 혈당, 혈중지질 및 간 기능 관련 지표 관련 지표에 미치는 효과를 규명하기 위하여 메타분석을 수행하였다. 2015년부터 2025년까지 발표된 연구문헌을 PICOS 기준에 따라 선정하였으며, 최종적으로 6편의 연구와 69개의 효과 크기 사례를 분석에 포함하였다. 방법: 메타분석은 CMA 4 프로그램(Comprehensive Meta-analysis 4)을 이용하였고, 표준화 된 평균차(standardized mean difference, SMD)가 있는 사전-사후 데이터로 분석하였다. 각 연구물 간의 이질성은 Cochran’s Q-value 와 Higgins의 I2로 검증한 후 랜덤효과모형(random-effects model)을 적용한 자료를 사용하였으며, 출판편향은 깔때기 도표(funnel plot)와 trim-and-fill 기법으로 검증하였다. 결과: 전체 효과 크기는 0.898로 큰 효과 크기였으며, 95% 신뢰구간은 0을 포함하지 않아 통계적으로 유의하였다(p<0.001). 출판편향은 처음 관측 값과 보정된 관측 값이 동일하여 출판편향은 없었다. 중재변인에 따른 분석은 혈당과 혈중지질이 중간 효과 크기, 총 콜레스테롤, HDL-콜레스테롤, LDL-콜레스테롤 및 간 기능 관련 지표(AST/GOT)는 큰 효과 크기를 보였다. 또한 실험 기간에 따른 분석 결과, 12주 이상, 50 mg/kg 이상으로 섭취한 경우 높은 효과 크기를 보였으나, 섭취량의 경우 안정성과 신뢰성를 고려하면 50 mg/kg 이하로 섭취하는 것이 더 효과적이라 판단된다. 결론: 쌍별귀뚜라미는 혈당 조절, 혈중지질 개선 및 간 기능 관련 지표 보호에 긍정적인 생리활성을 나타내는 것으로 판단되며, 기능성 식품, 뉴트리코스메틱 및 화장품 바이오소재로서의 활용 가능성이 높을 것으로 판단된다.

Purpose: To perform a meta-analysis of the effect size of the two-spotted cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus ) as a functional food ingredient on blood glucose, serum lipids, and liver enzyme levels. Methods: Based on the PICOS criteria, studies published between 2015 and 2025 were screened. The final analysis included six studies reporting 69 effect sizes. The meta-analysis was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-analysis (CMA 4) and the data were analyzed using standardized mean differences. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using Cochran’s Q-value and Higgins’ I² statistic, and a random-effects model was applied. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and the trim-and-fill method. Results: The overall effect size was 0.898, reflecting a large effect. The 95% confidence interval did not include zero, indicating statistical significance (p <0.001). No publication bias was detected, as the observed and adjusted effect sizes were identical. Subgroup analyses revealed medium effect sizes on blood glucose and serum lipid levels and large effect sizes on total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and AST/ GOT. Furthermore, subgroup analyses revealed more pronounced effect sizes in studies utilizing intervention durations exceeding 12 weeks and dosages greater than 50 mg/kg. Nonetheless, when balancing therapeutic efficacy, safety profiles, and the consistency of the current evidence, a dosage of 50 mg/kg or less emerges as the most appropriate and reliable intake level. Conclusion: The findings of this meta-analysis support beneficial bioactive effects of the two-spotted cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus ) on blood glucose regulation, serum lipid levels, and liver function, supporting its potential as a functional food ingredient as well as a nutricosmetic and cosmetic biomaterial.

目的: 本研究旨在探讨双斑蟋蟀(Gryllus bimaculatus )对血糖、血脂及肝功能相关指标(AST、ALT)的影响，并对 其进行了荟萃分析(Meta分析)。根据PICOS标准筛选了2015年至2025年间发表的研究文献，最终将6篇研究论文 及69个效应量案例纳入分析。方法: 荟萃分析采用CMA 4软件(Comprehensive Meta-analysis 4)进行，并对具 有标准化均数差(SMD)的前后对照数据进行了分析。各研究间的异质性通过Cochran’s Q值和Higgins的 I2进行 检验，随后采用了随机效应模型(random-effects model)进行数据分析。发表偏倚则通过漏斗图(funnel plot)和 剪补法(trim-and-fill)进行检验。结果: 总体效应量为0.898，属于大效应量，且95%置信区间不包含0，具有显 著的统计学意义(p <0.001)。在发表偏倚方面，初始观测值与修正后的观测值完全一致，表明不存在发表偏倚。 调节变量分析结果显示，血糖和血脂呈现中等效应量；总胆固醇、HDL-胆固醇、LDL-胆固醇及肝功能相关指标 (AST、ALT/GOT)则呈现大效应量。此外，摄入期间的分析结果表明，摄入时间在12周以上、剂量在 50 mg/kg 以上时表现出较高的效应量；但从安全性和可靠性角度考量，建议摄入量控制在 50 mg/kg 以下更为有效。结 论: 结果表明，双斑蟋蟀在调节血糖、改善血脂及保护肝功能相关指标方面具有积极的生物活性，未来作为功能 性食品、口服美容产品(nutricosmetics)及化妆品生物原料具有极高的应用潜力。

본 연구는 만성폐쇄성폐질환자에게 수중운동 중재의 효과를 파악하기 위해 체계적 문헌고찰 및 메타 분석하였 다. 선정된 문헌은 2013부터 2018년 7월까지 8개 검색엔진(Cochrane central, EMbase, Cinahl, Pubmed, Riss4U, NDSL, DBPIA, Koreamed)으로 체계적으로 문헌 검색하였다. 2명의 연구자가 문헌을 선정하고, 질 평가하였 다. 총 5개의 문헌이 선정되었으며, 문헌의 질 평가 결과가 우수하지 않았다. 또한 수중운동 중재와 일반적인 간호를 메타 분석한 결과 6분 보행거리, 삶의 질에서 효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 COPD 환자를 대상으로 수중 내에 서 이뤄지는 다양한 형태의 운동 중재를 소개하여 프로그램 적용에 유용한 자료가 될 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 문헌의 수가 적어 일반화에 어려움이 있다.

This study has been conducted by a systematic review of literature and a meta-analysis in order to identify the effect of water based exercise training for COPD(Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Two researchers selected relevant literature, and extracted the date and assessed the quality of literature. A total of 5 studies met the inclusion criteria, and the outcome of methodological quality of the literature was not positive. According to the result of meta-analysis of water based exercise and usual care, it was considerably effective in 6 MWT and quality of life. This study introduces various types of water based exercise for COPD patients, which is considered useful for application of the program. However, it experiences difficulty to generalize due to lack of the number of literature in relation to the water based excercise.

본 연구는 국내에서 보고된 개인-환경 적합성(개인-조직 적합성, 개인-직무 적합성)과 직무 관련 변수들(조직몰입, 직무만족, 이직의도)과의 관계에 대한 선행연구들을 메타분석 방법을 통해 체계적으로 분석하였고, 그 관계가 조직유형(공조직, 사조직)에 따라 다르게 나타나는지 살펴보았다. 2018년까지 국내 학술지 및 박사학위 논문을 포함하여 총 51개의 연구, 15,589명의 표본이 분석에 포함되었다. Hunter와 Schmidt(2004)가 제안한 메타분석 절차에 따라 개별 연구들에서 표집오차(sampling error)와 측정오차(measurement error)를 교정하여 개인-환경 적합성과 직무관련 변수들 간 관계의 진점수 상관 평균을 추정하였으며, 조직유형을 공조직과 사조직으로 나누어 조직유형에 따라 조절효과가 나타나는지 하위집단 분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 개인-환경 적합성과 조직몰입, 직무만족은 일반화 가능한 정적인 상관을 보였으며, 이직의도와는 부적인 상관을 보였다. 추가적으로, 조절효과에 대한 분석을 실시한 결과, 사조직이 공조직보다 개인-환경 적합성과 직무관련 변수들 간 관계의 크기가 대부분 높게 나타났다. 논의에서는 국내의 연구 결과와 국외에서 수행된 메타분석 연구 결과를 비교하여 제시하였으며, 본 연구 결과의 시사점과 후속연구 제언, 한계점에 대해 서술하였다.

The purpose of this study is to meta-analyze the relationship between person-environment fit(person- organization fit and person-job fit) and job-related variables(organizational commitment, job satisfaction and turnover intention), and to investigate whether the relationship is moderated by organizational typology(public organization and private organization). A total of 15,589 employees from 51 samples were included and meta-analyzed using Hunter and Schmidt(2004)’s procedure. Based on Hunter and Schmidt(2004)’s procedure, we corrected sampling errors as well as measurement errors of individual studies to estimate true mean correlations between person-environment fit and job-related variables. The results suggest that there are positive correlations between person-environment fit and organizational commitment, job satisfaction, but negative correlations between person-environment fit and turnover intention. In addition, the subgroups analysis results indicate that the correlations between person-environment fit and job-related variables tend to be stronger for private organization. We discussed this results as compared to existing research studies using foreign samples and suggested implications, direction for future research and limitations.

본 연구의 목적은 국내 선행연구들에서 보고된 정서노동과 직무관련 변수(직무탈진, 이직의도, 직무만족, 조직몰입)간 관련성을 메타분석을 통해 체계적으로 통합하는 것이다. 이를 위해 2012년 2월까지 국내의 학위논문 및 학술지에 게재된 총 43개의 연구들을 대상으로 Hunter와 Schmidt(2004), 그리고 Borenstein 등(2009)이 제안한 절차에 따라 무선효과모형(random-effects model)을 적용한 메타분석을 하였다. 분석 결과, 정서노동이 표면행위와 내면행위로 분류되었을 때 관련된 준거변수와 서로 다른 관계를 가지는 것을 확인하였다. 즉, 정서노동의 표면행위는 조직의 입장에서 바람직하지 못한 변수인 정서적 소진, 비인격화, 그리고 이직의도와 정적인 진상관을 보이고, 내면행위는 비인격화와는 부적인 진상관을, 그리고 조직의 입장에서 바람직한 변수인 조직몰입과는 정적인 진상관을 보였다. 또한 서비스 전문성 유형과 학술지 게재여부에 따라 정서노동과 직무관련 변수 간 관계에서 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구와 서구에서 실시한 메타분석 결과를 비교해 보았을 때, 한국에서는 정서노동의 내면행위 전략을 취할 때 직무탈진 변수, 직무만족, 조직몰입과의 효과크기와 방향이 조직에 바람직한 결과를 가지는 것을 알 수 있다. 마지막으로 본 연구결과를 토대로 시사점과 제한점 및 향후 연구의 방향에 대해 논의하였다.

The purpose of this study is to meta-analyze the relationships between the emotional labor and job-related variables such as burnout, turnover intention, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment among Korean emotional workers. In total, there were 11835 employees from 43 studies that were meta-analysed in the present study using Hunter and Schmidt(2004)’s and Borenstein et al.(2009)’s procedures. It was revealed that emotional labors, depending on whether they were surface acting or deep acting, have different relationships with criterion variables. That is, the surface acting was positively related with emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and turnover intention. In contrast, the deep acting was negatively related with emotional depersonalization and positively related with organizational commitment. It was revealed that professionality of service was a thoretical moderator and source of papers was a methodological moderator. Comparing with a meta-analytic study in Western literature, it was shown that deep acting strategy would bring desirable results to organizations in terms of the relationships between emotional labors and criterion variables such as burnout, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Lastly, implications and limitations of the study, and directions for future research were discussed.

Objective To investigate duration of the treatment effect of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) on spasticity levels measured with Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) regardless of the patient group (stroke, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral palsy) and evaluate its spasticity-reducing effect depending on the number of shocks and site of application.Methods PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched from database inception to February 2018. Randomized controlled trials and cross-over trials were included. All participants had spasticity regardless of cause. ESWT was the main intervention and MAS score was the primary outcome. Among 122 screened articles, 9 trials met the inclusion criteria.Results The estimate of effect size showed statistically significant MAS grade reduction immediately after treatment (standardized mean difference [SMD]=-0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.00 to -0.13; p=0.012), 1 week after (SMD=-1.81; 95% CI, -3.07 to -0.55; p=0.005), 4 weeks after (SMD=-2.35; 95% CI, -3.66 to -1.05; p<0.001), and 12 weeks after (SMD=-1.07; 95% CI, -2.04 to -0.10; p=0.03). Meta-regression and subgroup analysis were performed for the ‘immediately after ESWT application’ group. The prediction equation obtained from meta-regression was -1.0824+0.0002* (number of shocks), which was not statistically significant. Difference in MAS grade reduction depending on site of application was not statistically significant either in subgroup analysis (knee and ankle joints vs. elbow, wrist, and finger joints). Conclusion ESWT effectively reduced spasticity levels measured with MAS regardless of patient group. Its effect maintained for 12 weeks. The number of shocks or site of application had no significant influence on the therapeutic effect of ESWT in reducing spasticity. Ongoing trials with ESWT are needed to address optimal parameters of shock wave to reduce spasticity regarding intensity, frequency, and numbers.

Purpose: This meta-analysis aimed to analyze the effects of smoking prevention programs for young adolescents at early smoking stages to identify the appropriate characteristics of prevention programs for this population. Methods: Searches of health-related databases and Google Scholar were conducted, and 23 randomized studies were included in the analysis. The main outcome variable was smoking behavior. The analysis was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (version 3.0). Results: Smoking prevention programs significantly reduced smoking behaviors (OR=0.85, 95% CI=0.77~0.93). School-based programs (OR=0.79, 95% CI=0.75~0.83), programs by trained teachers or educators (OR=0.77, 95% CI=0.71~0.83), high-intensity programs (OR=0.82, 95% CI=0.75~0.91), and programs in an in-school setting (OR=0.82, 95% CI=0.74~0.90) had the most significant effect on reducing smoking behavior. Conclusion: For young adolescents, smoking prevention programs are most effective when they are school-based or highintensity programs, and when conducted by teachers or educators with proper training. Further studies are required since there was insufficient research to explore the effect of web-based programs or family-centered programs on adolescent smokers.

Purpose: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programs are important in the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but vary widely in type, duration, and efficacy. This metaanalysis investigated the effect of PR programs on respiratory muscle strength in patients with COPD. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL were searched. The primary outcome variables were maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) and maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP). The secondary outcome variables were the modified Borg score after the 6-minwalking test, percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1%pred), and percent FEV1/forced volume capacity (FVC). Comprehensive Meta-Analysis, version 3.0, was used to analyze the data. The effect size was calculated using the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Twenty randomized controlled trials (with 992 participants) were included in the analysis. The PR programs had a significant effect on the MEP (SMD, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.42e1.32; p < .001), MIP (SMD, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.13e0.93; p ¼ .009), and modified Borg score (SMD, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.22; p < .001) in patients with COPD. There was no effect on FEV1%pred (SMD, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.30; p ¼ .406) or FEV1/FVC% (SMD, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.26; p ¼ .702). Conclusion: PR programs improve respiratory muscle strength in patients with COPD. Strategies for selecting a suitable PR program need to be developed, and future studies should evaluate the long-term effects of such programs on pulmonary function.

Purpose: This study was conducted to obtain data for the development of an effective fall risk assessment tool for pediatric inpatients through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic test accuracy of existing scales. Methods: A literature search using Medline, Science Direct, CINAHL, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library was performed between March 1 and 31, 2018. Of 890 identified papers, 10 were selected for review. Nine were used in the meta-analysis. Stata version 14.0 was used to create forest plots of sensitivity and specificity. A summary receiver operating characteristic curve was used to compare all diagnostic test accuracies. Results: Four studies used the Humpty Dumpty Falls Scale. The most common items included the patient's diagnoses, use of sedative medications, and mobility. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of the nine studies were .79 and .36, respectively. Conclusion: Considering the low specificity of the pediatric fall risk assessment scales currently available, there is a need to subdivide scoring categories and to minimize items that are evaluated using nurses' subjective judgment alone. Fall risk assessment scales should be incorporated into the electronic medical record system and an automated scoring system should be developed.

The objectives of this study were thus to identify most significant factors that determine milk component yield (MCY) using a meta-analysis and, if possible, to develop equations to predict MCY using variables that can be easily measured in the field. A literature database was constructed based on the research articles published in the Journal of Dairy Science from Oct., 2007 till May, 2010. The database consisted of a total of 442 observed means for MCY from 118 studies. The candidate factors that determine MCY were those which can be routinely measured in the field (e.g. DMI, BW, dietary forage content, chemical composition of diets). Using a simple linear regression, the best equations for predicting milk fat yield(MFY) and milk protein yield (MPY) were MFY = 0.351 (±0.068) + 0.038 (±0.003) DMI (R2 = 0.27), and MPY = 0.552 (±0.071) + 0.031 (±0.002) DMI - 0.004 (±0.001) FpDM (%, forage as a percentage of dietary DM) (R2 = 0.38), respectively. The best equation for predicting milk fat content (%) explained only 12% of variations in milk fat content, and none of a single variable can explain more than 5% of variations in milk protein content. We concluded that among the tested variables, DMI was the only significant factor that affects MFY and both DMI and FpDM significantly affect MPY. However, predictability of linear equations was relatively low. Further studies are needed to identify other variables that can predict milk component yield more accurately.

본 연구는『취업진로연구(2023-2025)』에 게재된 3년 치 데이터를 메타분석(Meta-Analysis) 기법으로 접근한 논문이다. 본 학술지에 대한 1차 메타분석은 2013-2015년 사이에 이루어졌으며 2차 메타분석은 2016-2018년 사이에 실시되었다. 시차를 두고 정기적으로 메타분석을 통해 개별 연구들의 성향과 데이터를 통합적으로 분석하는 것은 본 학회의 정체성을 점검하는 동시에 본 학술지의 연구영역이 지향하는 독창성을 지속적으로 유지하는데 그 의의를 둘 수 있을 것이다. 본 논문의 연구대상인 2023-2025년 사이에 발행한 학술지에 대한 3차 메타분석 결과를 보면 대학생 구직 및 진로관리(HR) 논문이 43편(51%), 공채문화를 구성하는 취업 및 채용 관련 연구가 17편(20.24%), 직업 관련 연구가 11편(13.10%)이 게재되었다. 특이할 만한 것은 창업, 은퇴자의 경력개발, 실직, 일학습병행, 청년맞춤형 훈련사업 등 최근 한국 사회가 국가 차원에서 고민하거나 추진하는 정책과 관련된 연구도 13편(15.48%)이나 되었다는 점이다. 이상에서 분석된 3차 메타분석의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학술지의 정체성과 취업문화의 특성을 준수하는 경향이 뚜렷이 나타나고 있다. 둘째, 대학사회에서 진로문화를 연구하는 논문들이 눈에 띄게 증가하고 있다. 셋째,『취업진로연구』의 KCI 영향력 지수(IF)가 탑 저널(Top Journal) 수준으로 급부상했다. 넷째, 창업과 은퇴자에 관한 재취업 관련 논문이 급증하고 있다. 다섯째, 서울지역 및 대학교수 위주의 연구자 쏠림현상은 극복해야 할 과제인 것으로 나타났다. 한편 본 연구의 시사점은 취업문화의 변방으로 여겨졌던 창직 및 창업에 관한 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다는 점이다. 이는 취업난과 더불어 실업 문제 그리고 은퇴자들에 대한 재취업문제가 사회 이슈로 부상하고 있다는 것을 암시하는 대목이다. 따라서 이에 관한 연구가 더욱 강화되어야 할 것으로 보인다. 그리고 공동학술발표대회의 파트너를 공채문화의 주체인 기업과도 함께하는 방안을 적극적으로 모색하는 것도 공채 정보의 활용성 및 수월성(effectiveness) 차원에서 고려해 볼 필요가 있을 것이다. 제언으로는 학술지에 투고하는 연구자의 거주지역과 연구자의 신분이 각각 서울지역과 대학교 교수에 편중되는 현상은 향후 극복해야 할 과제이다.

This study is a paper that approaches three years' worth of data published in the "Job Career Research(2023-2025)" using a meta-analysis technique. The first meta-analysis on this journal was conducted between 2013 and 2015, and the second meta-analysis was conducted between 2016 and 2018. Comprehensive analysis of the propensity and data of individual studies through meta-analysis on a regular basis with a time difference may be meaningful in checking the identity of this society and continuously maintaining the originality aimed at the research area of this journal. According to the results of the third meta-analysis of academic journals published between 2023 and 2025, 43(51%) studies on college student job search and career management(HR) were published, 17(20.24%) studies related to employment and employment constituting a public recruitment culture, and 11(13.10) studies related to occupation were published. What is peculiar is that there have been 13 studies(15.48%) related to policies that Korean society has recently considered or promoted at the national level, such as start-ups, career development of retirees, unemployment, work-study parallels, and youth-tailored training projects. The results of the third meta-analysis analyzed above are summarized as follows. First, there is a clear tendency to comply with the identity of academic journals and the characteristics of employment culture. Second, papers studying career culture in university society are remarkably increasing. Third, the ranking of the IF index in employment career research has rapidly emerged to the level of the Top Journal. Fourth, the number of papers related to reemployment of startups and retirees is increasing rapidly. Fifth, it was found that the concentration of researchers focused on professors in Seoul and universities was a task to be overcome. On the other hand, the implication of this study is that research on creation and start-ups, which were considered the periphery of employment culture, is being actively conducted. This implies that the unemployment problem and the reemployment problem for retirees, along with the employment difficulty, are emerging as social issues. Therefore, it seems that research on this should be further strengthened. In addition, it is necessary to consider actively seeking opportunities to share partners at joint academic conferences with companies that are the subject of public recruitment culture in order to access corporate recruitment information more easily. As a suggestion, the phenomenon in which the residential area of a researcher posting in an academic journal and the status of a researcher are concentrated in professors in the Seoul area and universities, respectively, is a task to be overcome in the future.

방송 프로그램의 특성과 같이 광고 시청 시 상황적 특성이 시청자의 정보처리와 광고평가 에 미치는 영향을 살펴보는 광고 맥락효과는 지난 수십 년 동안 실증연구가 진행되어 왔지만, 선행연구들의 결과는 상반된 관점이 혼재되어 있어 해당 분야에 대한 이론적‧실무적 합의 점을 찾기 힘든 상황이다. 이 연구는 방송, 광고, 커뮤니케이션 분야에서 지금까지 수행된 선행 연구를 토대로 방송 프로그램의 광고 맥락효과의 전반적인 크기와 방향을 메타분석을 통해 통합 적으로 살펴보았다. 총 27편의 학술논문이 연구대상으로 선정되었고, 메타분석 전용 프로그램인 CMA(Comprehensive Meta Analysis)를 이용하여 개별 연구들의 효과크기가 산출되었다. 연구결 과, 전반적으로 방송광고의 맥락은 통계적으로 광고효과에 유의미한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났 으며, 효과 단계별로는 태도적인 측면에서 가장 큰 효과를 보여주었다. 또한 방송광고의 맥락효 과는 프로그램과 광고의 맥락이 일치할 때 그 효과가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 설문 데이터와 일반 샘플을 활용한 연구에서 보다 큰 효과가 관찰되었다. 이 연구는 지금까지 국내에 이루어진 방송광고 맥락효과 관련 연구를 메타분석을 통해 통합적으로 살펴보았다는 점에서 의의가 있으며, 향후 이루어질 광고 맥락효과 연구의 방향성에 대해 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다.

The present study pursues a quantitative integration and review of the advertising context effect in broadcast media on consumers' cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses. A meta-analysis of 27 studies in major academic journals in Korea was conducted. The results demonstrates that the program context in advertising significantly affects consumers' responses to advertisements. Specifically, it is found that the impact of the context in advertising is manifest when the dependent variables are attitudinal. However, the effect of ad context on cognitive and behavioral variables is modest. In line with previous studies, the result demonstrates that the effects of ad context are found to be more salient when the context of the program and advertising is congruent. Further, the result indicates that the effects of context are found to be more salient among survey studies than experimental studies.

This study is a meta-analysis on the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment (CBT) within post-intervention pro grams for adolescent victims of school bullying in the Republic of Korea (Korea). Fourteen dissertations and journals, pub lished in Korea between 2000 and 2021, were selected based on the PICOS standards, and effect sizes were calculated using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) Version 3. The results indicated an overall effect size of 1.00, suggesting substantial ef fects. CBT for adolescent victims demonstrated large effect sizes on self-concept, self-esteem, peer relationship, and school adjustment outcomes, while its effects on emotion outcomes, showed median effect size. Finally, this study investigated opti mal CBT conditions for better effects, indicating that CBT was most effective when conducted with five to nine participants in 10 to 14 sessions, lasting 60 minutes, twice a week. Notably, smaller group sizes, more sessions, shorter session times, and frequent interventions seemed to enhance the efficacy of CBT programs. This implies that the intensity and frequency of in terventions are pivotal in maximizing the impact of CBT for bullied adolescents. Overall, post-intervention programs em ploying CBT demonstrated mostly substantial effect sizes, providing valuable insights for future CBT implementations by identifying program components for enhanced effectiveness.

Objective: To clarify the dose?response relationships of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for post-stroke dysphagia and identify the optimal protocols. Methods: A systematic review and dose?response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted under the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 (PROSPERO: CRD420251126373). Twenty-four RCTs with 1,125 stroke patients were included. Primary outcomes evaluated swallowing safety using Penetration?Aspiration Scale (PAS), hyoid movement, Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), and Water Swallow Test (WST). Linear and nonlinear meta-regression were used to assess NMES parameters (dose, duration, onset timing). Results: A higher cumulative NMES dose was linearly associated with improved PAS, suggesting that ≥15 hours of stimulation may be required for meaningful airway protection. Earlier initiation yielded greater hyoid improvements, consistent with the principles of neuroplasticity recovery. Non-linear analyses showed U-shaped dose?response curves for hyoid excursion and the WST, with more potent effects at lower and higher doses. FOIS showed no consistent associations. Adverse events were rare and mild (skin irritation). Conclusion: The efficacy of NMES for post-stroke dysphagia depends on the stimulation dose, timing, and duration. Individualized protocols should align with therapeutic goals, while larger trials are needed to refine practice and inform policy.

Purpose: This systematic literature review and meta-analysis explored extended reality (XR)-based pediatric nursing simulation programs and analyzed their effectiveness. Methods: A literature search was conducted between May 1 and 30, 2022 in the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and CINAHL. The search period was from 2000 to 2022. In total, 6,095 articles were reviewed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 14 articles were selected for the final content analysis and 10 for the meta-analysis. Dataanalysis was performed using descriptive statistics and the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis program. Results: XR-based pediatric nursing simulation programs have increased since 2019. Studies using virtual reality with manikins or high-fidelity simulators were the most common, with six studies. The total effect size was statistically significant at 0.84 (95% confidence interval=0.50-1.19, z=4.82, p<.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings, we suggest developing standardized guidelines for the operation of virtual pediatric nursing simulation education and practice. Simultaneously, theapplication of more sophisticated research designs for effect measurement and the combined applications of various virtual simulation methods are needed to validate the most effective simulation methodology.

The use of meta-analysis (MA), which is placed on top of the evidence hierarchy, in studies has been increasing exponentially. MA has three effect size families. Using the category of effect size families, this paper introduces the important points in the MA process and highlights the recent research trends in this field, such as network MA, meta-analytic structural equation modeling, and diagnostic test accuracy MA. Several reporting standards were established for primary studies and MA. The critical assessment reviews demonstrated that the current quality of nursing MA reporting was low. The problematic areas of the current nursing MA include study search, study selection, risk of bias, publication bias, and additional analysis based on quality assessment. Directions for future research are also presented in this paper.

Introduction The number of breast cancer women has increased dramatically in Korea. The cause is perceived to stem from adaptation to a westernized life style which increases body mass index (BMI). However, there are no meta-analysis data available that could help in understanding the relationship between Korean females’ BMI and breast cancer occurrence. Method All the published articles that investigated the relationship of Korean women’s BMI with breast cancer prevalence between 1950 and 2007 were included in this study, based on a screen of the computerized databases that search for these articles (MEDLINE, RISS4U and KMBase). The commercial software Comprehensive Meta Analysis was used for the analysis. Results The high BMI score group presented a higher prevalence of breast cancer on both a fixed-effects model [odds ratio (OR) = 1.282; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.209, 1.361] and a random-effects model(OR = 1.388; 95% CI = 1.129, 1.706). In addition, a high BMI score on pre- and postmenopausal groups was found to have a significantly higher prevalence of breast cancer on both a fixed-effects model (OR = 1.467; 95% CI = 1.268, 1.698, OR = 1.614; 95% CI = 1.360, 1.917, pre- and postmenopausal, respectively) and a random-effects model (OR = 1.387; 95% CI = 1.134, 1.696, OR = 1.681; 95% CI = 1.149, 2.461, pre- and postmenopausal, respectively). Conclusion This meta-analysis of Korean women showed that a high BMI was related to a higher incidence rate of breast cancer. This study used a subgroup analysis of pre- and postmenopausal groups; the high BMI subset in both the pre- and postmenopausal groups was shown to have a higher incidence rate of breast cancer.

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have become central in many research fields, particularly medicine. They offer the highest level of evidence in evidence-based medicine and support the development and revision of clinical practice guidelines, which offer recommendations for clinicians caring for patients with specific diseases and conditions. This review summarizes the concepts of systematic reviews and meta-analyses and provides guidance on reviewing and assessing such papers. A systematic review refers to a review of a research question that uses explicit and systematic methods to identify, select, and critically appraise relevant research. In contrast, a meta-analysis is a quantitative statistical analysis that combines individual results on the same research question to estimate the common or mean effect. Conducting a meta-analysis involves defining a research topic, selecting a study design, searching literature in electronic databases, selecting relevant studies, and conducting the analysis. One can assess the findings of a meta-analysis by interpreting a forest plot and a funnel plot and by examining heterogeneity. When reviewing systematic reviews and meta-analyses, several essential points must be con-sidered, including the originality and significance of the work, the comprehensiveness of the database search, the selection of studies based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, subgroup analyses by various factors, and the interpretation of the results based on the levels of evidence. This review will provide readers with helpful guidance to help them read, understand, and evaluate these articles.

Purpose: Fatigue is the third most common “extraintestinal” complaint of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but it is still poorly understood. This study aimed to review characteristics of IBSassociated fatigue and to examine pooled frequency, severity of fatigue, and correlations of related factors with fatigue in IBS via meta-analyses. Methods: Publications were searched in eight databases from 1995 to 2014. Random effects metaanalyses were applied with standard error, weighted effect size, and correlation-based measure of effect size. Results: Twenty-four studies were included in systematic review. Seventeen studies were used for metaanalyses (2 studies were excluded in the frequency of fatigue analysis due to data unavailability). Using “tiredness” to define fatigue, and Fatigue Impact Scale to assess fatigue were the most frequently used across the studies. Gastrointestinal symptoms, psychological distress, and health-related quality of life were the most common correlates with fatigue. The pooled frequency of fatigue was 54.2% [95% confidence interval (38.5, 69.4)]. Metaregression on the frequency of fatigue showed positive and significant relations with tertiary care settings, female sex, and younger age. There was a negatively moderate relationship between the severity of fatigue and health-related quality of life score (correlation-based measure of effect size: -.378). Conclusions: Fatigue is prevalent among patients with IBS and commonly co-occurs with other symptoms. This is the first study to fully examine fatigue in IBS, which shed light on the comprehensive management of fatigue in this patient group. Future research is warranted to further explore fatiguerelated factors and underlying mechanisms of fatigue in IBS.

Purpose: We investigated factors associated with malnutrition in nursing home residents and estimated pooled effect sizes of those associations. Methods: We report this study according to the PRISMA checklist 2020. After registering the protocol, we conducted a systematic search using the keywords “malnutrition,” “nursing home,” and “factor” on PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Scopus and conducted a hand search of relevant sources in November 2023. We conducted the meta-analysis using R4.3.1 software. Results: We included 46 studies and entered 35 studies into the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis results showed that (1) demographic factors included being female: pooled odds ratio (pOR) 1.38 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.29~1.47) and higher body mass index: pOR 0.74 (95% CI, 0.66~0.83); (2) health functional factors including dependence with activities of daily living: pOR 3.70 (95% CI, 2.97~4.60) and being immobile: pOR 2.50 (95% CI, 1.39~4.47); (3) eating and oral intake factors including: eating <50% of offered food portions: pOR 3.56 (95% CI, 2.05~6.19) and loss of appetite: pOR 3.60 (95% CI, 1.36~9.57); (4) disease-related factors including dementia: pOR 1.98 (95% CI, 1.59~2.46), depression: pOR 1.84 (95% CI, 1.18~2.85), diabetes: pOR 0.76 (95% CI, 0.58~0.99), and pressure ulcers: pOR 2.14 (95% CI, 1.54~2.97); and (5) medication-related factors such as taking polypharmacy pOR 1.75 (95% CI, 1.24~2.47) were found to have a significant association with malnutrition in nursing homes. Conclusion: These results contribute to updating knowledge about factors associated with malnutrition in nursing homes. Results supported that demographic status, health function, eating and oral intake, and disease, and medication factors significantly aligned with malnutrition. Study results contribute to improving nutritional care in nursing homes and long-term-care settings.