Earticle

선행 연구에서 동적 스트레칭(DS)과 자체 이동(SM)의 효과를 조사했지만, 두 가지 개입을 비교하는 연구는 드물다. 따라 서 본 연구의 목적은 DS와 SM이 발목강도, 등굴신운동범위(DFROM), 균형에 미치는 영향을 비교하여 어느 것이 우수한지를 판단하는데 있다. 32명의 건강한 젊은 성인들이 이 연구에 참여했으며ㅡ 참가자들은 무작위로 두 그룹(SM과 DS)에 할당되었다. DS는 내측 위저근육의 스트레칭을 목적으로 수행하였다. SM 그룹의 경우 발목 관절 SM을 3가지 방법으로 수행하였다. 모든 참가자를 대상으로, 다음과 같은 측정을 사전 및 사후 테스트로 수행하였다: 배면플렉서 및 플랜터플렉서의 등각 강도, DFROM 을 평가하기 위한 가중치 부여 런지테스트(WBLT), 정적 밸런스를 평가하기 위한 Tetrax 시스템, 동적 밸런스를 평가하기 위한 YBT(Ybalance Test). SM군 개입 전후의 발목 등굴근 강도, WBLT, YBT, 체중분포지수(WDI)(베개와 뜬눈, PO), 안정성지수 (ST)(정상눈과 감은눈, NC)에서 유의미한 차이가 발견되었다(p<.05). DS군에서는 발목등굴근 및 족저굴근강도, WBLT, YBT전 방, WDI(정상 및 뜬눈; NO, PO) 및 ST(NO, NC, PO, 베개 및 닫힌눈)에서 개입 전후에 유의미한 차이가 발견되었다(p<.05). 발목 족저 굴곡 강도와 WDI(PO)는 그룹별로 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 발목관절 기능향상을 위한 변수 (DFROM, 근력, 균형)에 따라 DS 또는 SM을 선택적으로 사용할 수 있는 가능성을 고려할 수 있다.

Several studies have investigated the effects of dynamic stretching (DS) and self-mobilization (SM), however, studies comparing the two interventions are rare. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of DS and SM on ankle strength, dorsiflexion range of motion (DFROM), and balance to determine which is superior. Thirty-two healthy young adults participated in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups (SM and DS). DS was performed for the purpose of stretching the medial gastrocnemius muscle. For the SM group, ankle joint SM was performed in three ways. For all participants, the following measurements were performed as pre- and post-tests: isometric strength of dorsiflexor and plantar flexor, weight-bearing lunge test (WBLT) to evaluate DFROM, Tetrax system to evaluate static balance, and y balance test (YBT) to evaluate dynamic balance. Significant differences were found in ankle dorsiflexor strength, WBLT, YBT, weight distribution index (WDI) (pillow and opened eyes; PO), and stability index (ST) (normal and closed eyes; NC) before and after intervention in the SM group (p<.05). In the DS group, significant differences were found in ankle dorsiflexor and plantar flexor strength, WBLT, YBT anterior, WDI (normal and opened eyes; NO, PO), and ST (NO, NC, PO, pillow and closed eyes) before and after the intervention (p<.05). Ankle plantar flexor strength and WDI (PO) were significantly different between groups. Based on the results of this study, DS or SM can be considered as a possibility for selective use according to variables for improving ankle joint function (DFROM, muscle strength, balance).

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of static balance, lower extremity function, and gait ability between a lower extremity restrain robot gait training and a general robot gait training in subacute stroke subjects. Design: Two-group pretest-posttest design. Methods: A total of 12 subacute stroke patients were randomly divided into an Experimental group (n=6) and a control group (n=6). Both groups were performed for four weeks, three times a week, for 20 minutes. To compare the Static balance function, the center of pressure (COP) path-length and COP velocity were measured. The Fugl-Meyer assessment lower extremity (FMA-LE) were evaluated to compare the Lower Extremity function. 2D Dartfish Program and 10 Meter Walking Test (10 MWT) on Gait ability were evaluated to compare the gait function. Results: In the intra-group comparison, Experimental groups showed significant improvement in COP path-length, velocity, Lower Extremity Function, 10 MWT, Cadence, by comparing the parameters before and after the intervention (p<0.05). Comparison of the amount of change between groups revealed significant improvement for parameters in the COP path-length, velocity, Lower extremity function, 10 MWT by comparing the parameters before and after the intervention (p<0.01). Conclusions: The Experimental group showed enhanced efficacy for variables such as COP path-length, velocity, Lower extremity function, 10 MWT as compared to the control group.

Objective: The rehabilitation protocols for functional recovery have been emphasized after total knee arthroplasty, and Pilates is in the spotlight as a safe and easily modified exercise method. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mat Pilates exercise on lower extremity function, postural balance, and walking in the individuals with total knee arthroplasty. Design: One group pretest-posttest design. Methods: Eighteen older women with unilateral total knee arthroplasty was recruited in the study. The subjects were evaluated on lower extremity function, postural balance, and walking before and after mat Pilates exercise. All subject performed one hour mat Pilates exercise, 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Mat Pilates exercises were focused on core stability and lower extremity strengthening and, more dynamic movements were added to increase the difficulty of movements every two weeks. The lower extremity function was measured using the Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), knee joint position sense, and five times sit-to-stand test. Postural balance was assessed by single leg stance test, functional reach test, and timed up and go test. Walking was measured by OptoGait system to temporospatial parameter. Results: The lower extremity function, postural balance, and walking were significantly improved after mat Pilates exercise, except for five times sit-to-stand test (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the mat Pilates exercise was a useful method to improve lower extremity function, postural balance, and walking in the older women with unilateral total knee arthroplasty.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the correlation of the flexibility of lumbar muscle fibers with the speed of the broad four-pronged muscle in healthy adult men and women. Methods: This study selected 36 healthy male and female college students. The subjects were randomly assigned to two groups (Group A; performing three stretches, and Group B; not engaging in any stretching) and measured for flexibility, functional evaluation, and biomechanical parameters (CSMI) as pre-experimental evaluation items. Flexibility was evaluated using 2 types of sit and reach tests and Schober's test, while functional evaluation was assessed through the 3-hop test and the Sargent test. The knee extension angular velocities of the biomechanical parameters were measured at 60°, 120°, 180°, and 240° to determine peak torque, work per repetition, and peak power. Results: Group A exhibited statistically significant improvements in both the before and after comparison of the sit and reach test and the difference in the quantum of change. There was a statistically significant improvement in the before and after comparison of the 3-hop jump test and the difference in the quantum of change. As for the isokinetic parameters, the peak torque of 60°, 120°, 180°, and 240° were only all significant in the experimental group. Conclusion: This study focused on assessing the role of the lower extremities with respect to lumbar flexibility. The results suggest that lumbar flexibility has a statistically significant and positive effect on lower extremity flexibility and its function.

PURPOSE: To examine the effects of functional electrical stimulation during gait training on the gait, balance, and lower extremity function of chronic stroke patients. METHODS: A total of 20 subjects diagnosed with chronic stroke were randomly divided into experimental group that performed functional electrical stimulation during gait training, and a control group applied with only functional electrical stimulation, with 10 subjects in each group. RESULTS: In the Berg Balance Scale, the experimental group ranged from 19.80 ± 4.93 to 24.30 ± 6.63 and the control group ranged from 39.40 ± 12.72 to 40.10 ± 13.18, which showed significant differences (p < .05), and there was a significant difference between the groups (p < .05). In 10 Meter Walk Test, the experimental group ranged from 28.70 ± 4.03 to 26.42 ± 3.56, which showed significant differences (p < .05), and there was a significant difference between the groups (p > .05). In Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale-Lower extremity, the experimental group ranged from 22.70 ± 4.49 to 25.30 ± 4.39 and the control group ranged from 21.10 ± 5.34 to 25.30 ± 4.49, which showed significant differences (p < .05), and there was no significant difference between the groups (p > .05). CONCLUSION: Functional electrical stimulation during gait training may be suggested as an effective program for improving gait, balance, and lower extremity function of stroke patients. Therefore, functional electrical stimulation during gait may be recommended as part of the rehabilitation program for chronic stroke patients.

Objective: Degenerative knee arthritis is the most common disease that occurs in older people. Constriction-induced movement therapy (CIMT) has been reported to be as an effective treatment for the impairments, such as asymmetric weight-bearing and reduced balance that occurs after receiving a total knee replacement (TKR). Game-based rehabilitation training for persons with TKR is interesting and provides a variety of feedback. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty-six subjects with TKR were randomly assigned to either the CIMT game training (n=12), general game training (n=12), or the control (n=12) group. Each group underwent twelve sessions (30 min/d, 3 d/wk for 4 weeks). In the CIMT game training group, the application of CIMT adjusted the weight of the pressure delivered from the two boards used in Wii games. In the general game training group, the game was played without adjusting the weight of pressure. The game training used the Wii Fit's Ski Slalom application. Subjects were assessed with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale. Results: All three groups showed significant improvements in pain, stiffness and physical function, total WOMAC scores, and ABC scores after the intervention (p<0.05). Significant differences were observed in physical function, total WOMAC scores, and ABC scores of the CIMT game training group compared with the other groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: The CIMT game training and general game training exhibited improvements on stiffness, but the CIMT game training exhibited a larger effect on lower extremity function and balance confidence levels.

Objective To elucidate the effect of task-specific lower extremity training (TSLET) on cognitive and gait function in stroke patients. Methods Thirty-eight patients were assigned to either the TSLET group or the control group. The individuals of TSLET group went through a TSLET plus conventional physical therapy. The control group received two sessions of conventional physical therapy. The primary outcome involved the assessment with visual and auditory digit span test. The secondary outcome was evaluated by the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) and Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) for cognitive function, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Time Up and Go Test (TUG), 10 meters Walking Test (10mWT), 6 minutes Walking Test (6MWT), and Korean version of Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI) for gait, balance, and functional ability. Results After intervention (3 weeks) and 2 weeks of follow-up, the TSLET group showed statistically significant improvement in the visual digit span test backwards compared with the control group. In secondary outcome, a significant improvement was observed in GDS, BBS, TUG, and 10mWT in the TSLET group. There was no significant difference between the two groups concerning visual digit span test forward, auditory forward and backward digit span tests, K-MMSE, 6MWT, and K-MBI. Conclusion TSLET could be a useful alternative strategy for improving cognitive and gait function in stroke patients.

Purpose: This study examined the acute effects of static and dynamic stretching on the flexibility of the hamstring, dynamic balance ability, and function of the lower extremities in healthy adults. Methods: Thirty participants were assigned randomly to three groups: static stretching group (SSG), basic dynamic stretching group (BDSG), and 5 sec dynamic stretching group (5DSG). SSG performed three sets of 30 seconds of static stretching. BDSG performed a single-leg deadlift (SLD) at the same time as SSG, and 5DSG performed SLD held for five seconds. Hamstring flexibility, dynamic balance ability, and lower extremity function were evaluated before and after intervention. Results: The hamstring flexibility significantly improved in all groups (p<0.05). The dynamic balance ability improved significantly after intervention in all groups except BDSG in the anterior direction (p<0.05). There were significant differences in the posterolateral and posteromedial direction in all groups. The function of the lower extremity showed significant improvement over time only in BDSG (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study suggested that basic dynamic stretching and 5 sec dynamic stretching positively affect the hamstring flexibility, dynamic balance ability, and lower extremity function. Therefore, it is recommended to include dynamic stretching in a program for improving the hamstring flexibility, dynamic balance ability, and the lower extremity function. In addition, it is recommended to apply it at different times depending on the purpose.

Compared to upper extremity function, the changes in lower extremity function with increasing numbers of pitches have not fully been investi-gated in baseball pitchers. In addition, little is known about the correla-tion between lower extremity function and pitching performance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of fatigue on lower ex-tremity function and pitching performance in a simulated baseball game. Eighteen collegiate baseball pitchers threw 117 pitches in 9 in-nings (13 pitches per inning) with 5-min rest between innings at an offi-cial pitching distance in a simulated game. Isometric hip muscle strength (abduction and adduction) and squat jump performance (height, mean/peak power, and mean/peak velocity) were measured before and after the game. The mean ball velocity and pitching accura-cy were assessed per inning. Ball velocity significantly decreased in the 7th (P=0.026) and 9th (P=0.001) innings compared to the 1st inning, but pitching accuracy did not change significantly. Hip abduction (P=0.009) and adduction (P=0.001) strength significantly decreased af-ter the game, but squat jump performance did not significantly change before and after the game. A significant correlation between decreased ball velocity in the 9th inning and decreased hip adduction strength was found (P=0.011, r=0.583). Our findings suggest that hip abduction and adduction strength are susceptible to fatigue owing to repetitive throw-ing motions and that hip adduction strength, especially, is an important physical fitness factor for maintaining ball velocity during a game in baseball pitchers.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of whole-body vibration ther-apy on lower extremity function in subacute stroke patients. Subacute stroke patients who were able to undergo gait training were randomly divided into a vibration therapy group and a control group. All patients attended 20-min training sessions twice daily, 5 times a week for 2 weeks. Each session included 45 squats. The vibration group trained on a vibration platform and the control group trained on the ground. The degree of maximal isokinetic voluntary contraction torque was evaluat-ed, and manual muscle tests of hip and knee flexion and extension were performed. The Berg Balance Scale, 10-m walk test, Timed Up and Go Test, and Functional Ambulation Category were used. A total of 38 patients, 20 in the vibration group and 18 in the control group, were included in the analysis. After the 2-week therapy, the vibration group showed significant improvements in lower extremity strength, balance, and gait performance. The vibration group showed significantly better performance on the Berg Balance Scale, 10-m walk test, and Function-al Ambulation Category than the control group. There were no signifi-cant differences in maximal isokinetic voluntary contraction torque or manual muscle tests between the groups. Our results suggest that ad-ditional training with whole-body vibration may effectively improve the balance and gait performance of subacute stroke patients. Further studies on large populations are required to determine the therapy’s clinical efficacy.

Purpose: This study was aimed to investigate the differences in the co-contraction index of ankle muscles’ activities and proposed the rehabilitation methods in terms of special physical education based on the clinical findings. Methods: A total of ten participants (5 stroke patients and 5 normal adults) were participated in this study. Their two ankle muscles (tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles) were measured by electromyography (EMG) during the gait cycle and then, the muscle activities were calculated as a co-contraction index (CCI). Finally, the indexes between stroke patients and normal adults were compared. Results: As a result, CCI during the stance phase in the gait cycle was significantly higher in stroke patients than normal adults (p=.047). In addition, each group showed a significant difference in CCI between the stance and swing phase through within-group analysis (p=.043). Conclusion: In this study, stroke patients showed a higher CCI during the gait cycle, especially, in the stance phase. In conclusion, when considering the higher CCI would provide double-sidedness; 1) a demerit is the higher CCI would decrease in the mobility of ankle joint, whereas, 2) a merit is to increase in the stability of the ankle joint to protect fall-down, I proposed that as a lower-extremity rehabilitation method, sports activity, and aerobic exercise, using an online virtual reality technology will be necessary to ensure the safety of sports game as well as the enjoyment to maximize the quality of post-stroke life. Therefore, professionals in the field of special physical education should actively enlarge their education and development skills to the field of new biotechnology.

Purpose: In this study, we investigated the effects of lower extremity muscle strengthening using kinesio taping on pain, plantar pressure, and the foot function index (FFI) in patients with plantar fasciitis. Methods: The study included 30 patients who were randomly categorized into the lower extremity muscle strengthening with kinesio taping (experimental group, n=15) and the lower extremity muscle strengthening with sham kinesio taping (control group, n=15). Both groups underwent the intervention for 30 min, 5 days/week, over 4 weeks. The visual analog scale (VAS) score was measured based on pain levels in patients with plantar fasciitis. Plantar pressure was measured using the Gaitview AFA-50 system. The FFI was measured based on the functional performance of the foot. The VAS score, plantar pressure, and FFI were recorded pre- and 4 weeks post intervention. Results: We observed significant intragroup differences. Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed significantly greater improvements in the VAS score, plantar pressure, and FFI, 4 weeks post intervention (p<0.05). Conclusion: We observed definitive effects of lower extremity muscle strengthening using kinesio taping on pain, plantar pressure, and FFI in patients with plantar fasciitis.

PURPOSE: Balance exercise as well as lower extremity strengthening exercise (LESE) is known to be effective in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of performing LESE in conjunction with balance exercise on lower extremity function, range of motion, muscle strength, and balance in patients with KOA. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 25 patients with KOA who were recruited and randomly divided into two groups: 1) those who performed LESE with balance exercise; and 2) those who performed only LESE. Both the groups also received general physical therapy and performed aerobic exercise. The interventions were performed 3 times a week for 4 weeks. To determine the effectiveness of the interventions, we measured Western Ontario and MacMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) score, numerical rating scale (NRS) score, passive range of motion (PROM), chair stand test (CST), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) score at the initiation of the interventions and again after 4 weeks, at the time of completion of the interventions. RESULTS: After 4 weeks of the interventions, both the groups showed significantly improved WOMAC (p<.01), NRS (p<.01), PROM (p<.05), CST (p<.05), and BBS (p<.01) scores. However, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the clinical outcomes observed. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the addition of balance exercise to a LESE regimen in patients with KOA did not provide any additional benefit.

본 연구는 바이오피드백 시스템을 활용한 하지 근력 강화 운동이 지역사회기반 노인에게 어떠한 영향이 있는지 알아본 연구이다. 지역사회기반 노인 10명을 대상으로 주 3회, 6주 동안 바이오피드백 시스템(기능적 전기 자극 동반)을 활용하여 운동을 실시하였다. 데이터 분석은 Wilcoxon signed rank test를 사용하였다. 본 연구 결과 신체 기능은 유의하게 좋아졌으나 근력 및 근육량에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 노인들도 지역사회기반 ICT 활용 가정 바이오피드백 훈련이 가능하며, 하지 기능 개선을 유도할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었지만, 대상자수 확대, 성별 구분, 개인 맞춤형 훈련 방식 제공 등으로 보다 명확한 효과를 입증할 수 있도록 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.

This study is to investigate the effect of lower extremity strength exercise using biofeedback system on community-based elderly. Ten community-based elderly were exercised using the biofeedback system (with functional electrical stimulation) three times a week for six weeks. Data analysis was performed using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Physical function improved significantly, but there was no significant difference in muscle strength and muscle mass. Although elderly people were able to confirm that community-based ICT home biofeedback training could be possible and could lead to improvements in the lower extremity function, further research is needed to demonstrate a clearer effect by expanding the target population, distinguishing the sexes, and providing a personalized training method.

PURPOSE: Examine the effects of auditory feedback and functional electrical stimulation on balance, walking ability, and lower extremity function of subacute stroke patients. METHODS: Twenty-seven subjects diagnosed with subacute stroke within six months were randomly divided into three groups: test group 1, which performed walking exercises with auditory feedback and functional electrical stimulation; test group 2, which performed walking exercises only with functional electrical stimulation; control group applied only functional electrical stimulation, with nine subjects each. RESULTS: There were significant pre- to post-intervention differences in BBS in the gait training group with auditory feedback and functional electrical stimulation treatment, and significant pre- to post-intervention differences in BBS, sit-to-stand time, and average step speed in the gait training group with functional electrical stimulation, but no statistically significant differences in between-group comparisons. CONCLUSION: Gait training with auditory feedback and functional electrical stimulation can improve the balance and gait performance in stroke patients. Therefore, in the future, gait training with auditory feedback and functional electrical stimulation therapy may be suggested as a gait rehabilitation training tool for stroke patients.

본 연구는 기립안정종골(RCSP)각이 비대칭인 축구선수의 신체 균형 능력과 하지 근기능을 알아보기 위해 실시하 였으며, 연구 대상자는 축구선수 45명을 종골각비대칭 그룹(CAA, n=24)과 대조 그룹(Con, n=21)으로 구분하였다. 신 체 균형 능력은 정적 균형과 동적 균형으로 구분하여 측정하였으며, 하지 기능은 기능적 움직임 평가(FMS)와 슬관절과 족관절의 등속성 근기능 평가를 실시하였다. 집단 간 차이와 변인 간 차이 검증을 실시하였으며, 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 정적 균형에서 CAA 의 좌측 발에서 안정성이 감소된 것으로 나타났으며, 동적 균형에서는 그룹 간, 변인 간 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 기능적 움직임 평가(FMS)에서는 CAA 에서 딥 스쿼트, 인라인 런지, 회전 안정성 테스트, 그리고 전체 FMS 점수에서 낮은 점수가 나타났다. 슬관절과 족관절 내·외번의 등속성 근기능에서는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았으 며, 족관절 저측 굴곡 등속성 근력이 감소하고 배측굴곡 등속성 근력이 증가하는 불균형이 나타났다. 따라서, 축구선수의 종골각비대칭으로 신체 균형 능력과 하지 근기능에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

This study was conducted to investigate the physical balance ability and lower limb muscular function in soccer players with asymmetrical Rearfoot Standing Calcaneal Position (RCSP) angles. A total of 45 soccer players were divided into two groups: the calcaneal angle asymmetry group (CAA, n=24) and the control group (Con, n=21). Physical balance ability was measured by assessing static and dynamic balance, while lower limb function was evaluated using the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) and isokinetic muscle function tests of the knee and ankle joints. Group differences and variable comparisons were analyzed, and the results were as follows. In terms of static balance, reduced stability was observed in the left foot of the CAA group. For dynamic balance, there were no significant differences between groups or variables. In the FMS, the CAA group scored lower in the deep squat, inline lunge, rotary stability test, and overall FMS score. There were no significant differences in isokinetic muscle function for knee and ankle inversion/eversion; however, an imbalance was observed, with decreased isokinetic strength in ankle plantar flexion and increased strength in dorsiflexion. Therefore, it was found that asymmetrical calcaneal angles in soccer players affect physical balance ability and lower limb muscular function.

본 연구는 부상경험군이 경기 복귀 후 재부상 불안과 하지 운동 기능에 어떠한 차이가 있는지를 분석하는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여, G지역 대학에 소속된 축구선수 25명을 연구 대상으로 정상군 12명과 부상 경험군 13명으로 구분하였고, 비 침습형 뇌파 측정과 등속성 근기능 측정, 그리고 하지 운동기능 측정법 인 Side hop test, One leg hop test, Triple hop test로 측정하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 안정시 FAS에서는 그룹간 차이가 없었지만, 부상 유발 불안 상황에서 부상경험군의 FAS가 높았다. 둘째, 정상군과 부상경험군의 하지 등속성 근기능의 차이는 각속도 60°/sec과, 180°/sec 모두에서 차이가 없었다. 셋째, 정상군과 부상경험군의 One leg hop test와 Triple hop test에서 는 차이가 없었지만, Side hop test에서는 부상경험군의 기능이 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 부상경험군의 FAS 변화량이 높을수록 Side hop test 기능은 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과는 부상경험군의 재부상 불안은 다소 높지만 이것이 하지 근기능과 운동기능에 영향을 주지 않았다. 하지만 사이드 움직임에 대한 기능은 다소 떨어짐을 확인하였다.

This study analyzes the difference between injury anxiety and lower limb motor function after returning to the game. The purpose is to do so. To this end, 25 soccer players belonging to a university in the G area were divided into 12 normal groups and 13 injury experiences groups, and non-invasive EEG measurement equipment, muscle function measurement equipment, and lower extremity exercise function measurement equipment were measured by side hop test, one leg hop test, and triple hop test. The results of the study are as follows. First, there was no difference between the groups in the FAS at rest, but the FAS of the injury-experienced group was high in the situation of injury-induced anxiety. Second, there was no difference in the lower extremity muscle function between the normal group and the injury-experienced group in both 60°/sec and 180°/sec angular velocity. Third, there was no difference in the One leg hop test and the Triple hop test of the normal group and the injury-experienced group, but the function of the injury-experienced group was found to be inferior in the side hop test. Fourth, the higher the amount of FAS change in the injury-experienced group, the lower the side hop test function. As a result of the above, the re-injury anxiety of the injury-experienced group was somewhat high, but this did not affect the muscle and motor function of the lower extremities. However, it was confirmed that the function of the side movement was somewhat inferior.

이 연구는 대학 태권도 품새, 격파, 겨루기 선수들이 8주간 케틀벨 훈련이 하지 근 기능과 코어안정성의 효과에 대해 확인하였다. 연구대상자들은 각 종목별 10명씩 전체 30명이 참여했으며 주 2회 참여하였다. 하지 근 기능의 세부요 인으로는 넙다리네갈래근(넙다리곧은근, 안쪽넓은근, 가쪽넓은근, 중간넓은근)의 두께와 무산소성파워(체중 당 최고파 워와 평균파워, 피로도율), 등속성 근기능(무릎관절 굴곡과 신전)을 확인하였으며, 코어안정성은 8방향으로 정의하여 살펴보았다. 실험을 통해 수집된 자료는 SPSS 27.0프로그램을 이용하고 통계적 유의수준은 α=.05로 설정하였다. 연구 결과 넙다리네갈래근의 안쪽넓은근과 가쪽넓은근에서 품새와 격파선수들이 겨루기 선수들보다 우수한 것으로 나타났으 며, 무산소서아 파워는 체중 당 최고파워가 품새와 겨루기 선수들이 격파선수들보다 우수하게 나타났다. 무릎관절의 등속 성 근 기능은 좌,우측 신전근육에서 케틀벨 운동 이후 향상된 것을 확인했으며, 코어안정성은 0°를 제외한 7방향에서 모두 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 태권도 선수들에게 케틀벨 훈련은 등속성 근기능과 코어안정성의 효과가 모두 나타났으며 근 두께와 무산소성 파워는 집단 간의 차이만 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

This study confirmed the effects of 8-week kettlebell training on lower extremity muscle function and core stability in university taekwondo poomsae, breaking, and sparring players. A total of 30 participants, 10 for each event, participated in the study twice a week. The detailed factors of the lower extremity muscle function include the thickness of the quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis), anaerobic power (peak power and average power per body weight, fatigue rate), and constant velocity. Muscle function (flexion and extension of the knee joint) was confirmed, and core stability was defined in eight directions. The data collected through the experiment used the SPSS 27.0 program, and the statistical significance level was set at α=.05. As a result of the study, it was found that the poomsae and breaking players were superior to the contestants in the vastus medialis muscle and the vastus lateralis of the quadriceps muscle, and the peak power per weight in anaerobic aerobic power was higher for the poomsae and contestants than the breaking players. appear. It was confirmed that the isokinetic muscle function of the knee joint was improved after kettlebell exercise in the left and right extensor muscles, and core stability was found to be improved in all 7 directions except for 0°. For taekwondo players, kettlebell training showed effects on both isokinetic muscle function and core stability, and it was confirmed that there were only differences between groups in muscle thickness and anaerobic power.

본 연구는 12주간의 플라이오메트릭 트레이닝이 레슬링선수의 경기관련 체력 및 하지근기능에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 이를 위하여 엘리트 레슬링선수(실험군 8, 통제군 8)를 대상으로 플라이오메트릭 트레이닝 을 12주 실시한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 경기관련 체력 변화 중 근력, 근지구력, 심폐지구력, 순발력에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 둘째, 하지근기능의 변화 중 등속성 근력, 등속성 파워에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 결론적으로, 플라이오메트릭 트레이닝은 엘리트 레슬링선수의 경기관련 체력 및 하지근기능에 긍정적인 변화를 제공하는 운동프로그 램임을 확인할 수 있었다. 즉, 플라이오메트릭 트레이닝은 엘리트 레슬링선수의 신체 능력을 향상하는데 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 운동으로 생각된다.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of plyometric training on the sport related physical fitness and lower extremity muscle function of wrestlers. For this purpose, the following conclusions were obtained as a result of performing plyometric training for elite wrestlers(experimental group 8, control group 8) for 12 weeks. significant differences were found in muscle strength, muscular endurance, cardiorespiratory endurance, and reflex among competition related physical fitness changes. among the changes in lower extremity muscle function, there were significant differences in isokinetic strength and isokinetic power. In conclusion, it was confirmed that plyometric training is an effective exercise program that induces positive changes in the physical functions of elite wrestlers. In other words, plyometric training is considered to be an exercise that has a positive effect on strengthening the physical functions of elite wrestlers.