Earticle

본 연구는 바이오피드백 시스템을 활용한 하지 근력 강화 운동이 지역사회기반 노인에게 어떠한 영향이 있는지 알아본 연구이다. 지역사회기반 노인 10명을 대상으로 주 3회, 6주 동안 바이오피드백 시스템(기능적 전기 자극 동반)을 활용하여 운동을 실시하였다. 데이터 분석은 Wilcoxon signed rank test를 사용하였다. 본 연구 결과 신체 기능은 유의하게 좋아졌으나 근력 및 근육량에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 노인들도 지역사회기반 ICT 활용 가정 바이오피드백 훈련이 가능하며, 하지 기능 개선을 유도할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었지만, 대상자수 확대, 성별 구분, 개인 맞춤형 훈련 방식 제공 등으로 보다 명확한 효과를 입증할 수 있도록 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.

This study is to investigate the effect of lower extremity strength exercise using biofeedback system on community-based elderly. Ten community-based elderly were exercised using the biofeedback system (with functional electrical stimulation) three times a week for six weeks. Data analysis was performed using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Physical function improved significantly, but there was no significant difference in muscle strength and muscle mass. Although elderly people were able to confirm that community-based ICT home biofeedback training could be possible and could lead to improvements in the lower extremity function, further research is needed to demonstrate a clearer effect by expanding the target population, distinguishing the sexes, and providing a personalized training method.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) applied to the lesioned hemisphere with those of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS) applied to the contralesional hemisphere on lower-limb motor function and gait in individuals with subacute stroke. Design: A single-blind, parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted. Methods: Twenty-eight individuals with unilateral subacute stroke registered at community-based rehabilitation centers were randomly assigned to either the HF-rTMS group (n = 14) or LF-rTMS group (n = 14). HF rTMS (5 Hz) was delivered over the lesioned primary motor cortex and LF rTMS (1 Hz) was applied over the contralesional primary motor cortex. Each session consisted of 1,200 pulses at 100% of the resting motor threshold, administered 5 times per week for 4 weeks. Both groups received identical conventional physical therapy. Outcome measures included the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Lower Extremity (FMA-LE) and spatiotemporal gait parameters. Between-group differences were analyzed using analysis of covariance adjusted for baseline values. Results: : Both groups showed significant improvements in lower-limb motor function and gait parameters after the intervention. After adjusting for baseline values, the HF-rTMS group demonstrated greater improvements than the LF-rTMS group in FMA-LE scores, step length, step time, double support time, and weight-bearing symmetry. Conclusions: In individuals with subacute stroke, HF-rTMS applied to the lesioned hemisphere resulted in greater improvements than LF-rTMS applied to the contralesional hemisphere in lower-limb motor function and selected gait parameters.

Objective: This study compared the effect of lower limb function, balance and gait between robot-assisted gait training with and without rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) in hemiplegic stroke patients. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty-one strokepatients were randomly divided to robot-assisted gait training with RAS (RGTR) group (n=15) and control group (n=16). Both groups undergone robot-assisted gait training and conservative exercise therapy for 30 minutes each, five times a week, for 4 weeks. The RGTR group additionally received RAS during the robot-assisted gait training. To analyze the effect of the training, Lower limb function was Fugl-Meyer assessment lower extremity, balance ability was stability index and Berg balance scale, and Gait ability was using gait parameters obtained using a gait analyzer (Zebris FDM-T system) were measured. Results: According to the training, the RGTR group showed of increased significantly in lower limb function, balance, and gait ability in the within-group before-after difference (p<0.05).In the between-group difference comparison, the RGTR group were significantly better improvements in the Berg balance scale of balance ability and among gait ability, all gait parameters except for cadence than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Thisstudy offer that robot-assisted gait training with RAS in performed together with conservative exercise therapy is an effective training method of improving balance and gait ability in hemiplegic stroke patients.

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of progressive resistance training (PRT) using elastic bands on the lower-extremity muscle structure, balance, and cognitive function in children with spastic diplegia. METHODS: Sixteen children were assigned to a progressive resistance training group (PRT, n = 8) or a control group (n = 8). Each group participated in 30-minute physical therapy sessions, three times per week for eight weeks. The PRT group received elastic band-based progressive resistance training, whereas the control group received conventional physical therapy. The lower-extremity muscle structure was assessed using ultrasonography by measuring the muscle thickness of the rectus femoris, gluteus maximus, and gluteus medius. The balance ability was evaluated from the plantar pressure and the rectangular area of sway. The cognitive function was assessed using the Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Mann-Whitney U test in SPSS 25.0. RESULTS: The muscle structure and balance ability improved in the PRT and control groups following treatment, with statistically significant differences observed between the two groups (p < .05). Nevertheless, no meaningful alterations in cognitive function were detected (p > .05). CONCLUSION: Lower-extremity strengthening training in children with diplegia may extend beyond improvements in muscle structure and contribute to balance. Such improvements are expected to support the gait performance in children with spastic diplegia.

This study investigated the effects of Kinesio Taping (KT) on cardiopulmonary function and fatigue recovery, focusing on its role as a non-invasive intervention. Eighteen healthy male college students participated in a repeated measures design (Repeated Measure ANOVA) to compare cardiopulmonary responses under three conditions: No Taping (NT), Lower Limb Taping (LLT), and Respiratory Muscle Taping (RMT). A treadmill-based cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) using the Bruce protocol was conducted until reaching 90% of the maximal heart rate, and subjective fatigue was assessed via the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). For the intervention, the tape was applied without tension while the muscles were in a maximally stretched position, applied respectively to the respiratory and lower limb muscles. The results showed that at the anaerobic threshold (AT), both LLT and RMT significantly prolonged the time to reach the threshold (RAT, p=0.018) and increased minute ventilation (VE, p=0.002) compared to NT. Notably, the RMT condition improved respiratory efficiency, recording significantly higher oxygen consumption (VO₂, p=0.001) and oxygen pulse (O₂ pulse, p=0.009) than the NT and LLT conditions. At 90% of the maximal heart rate, LLT and RMT significantly increased VE (p=0.001), VO₂ (p=0.002), VO₂ max (p=0.005), and O₂ pulse (p=0.002) compared to NT. Regarding subjective fatigue, lower limb fatigue (LLF) significantly decreased with LLT (p=0.001), and respiratory fatigue (RF) significantly decreased with RMT (p=0.006) compared to the NT condition. However, no significant differences were observed in any variables during the 5-minute recovery period (p>0.05). In conclusion, the strategic application of Kinesio Taping is an effective tool for alleviating fatigue and optimizing cardiopulmonary capacity during exercise. It is recommended to strategically select taping sites based on the sport's characteristics and performance priorities.

Background: The effects of PNF CR on the muscular strength, ROM of the 20s male and female college students were investigated using the maximal contraction of the antagonistic muscle. Method: The all subjects are healthy and participated voluntary We had divided 2 group (12 people to compare group, 12 people for the contract relax group) and the effects on ROM were measured with goniometer and muscular strength were measured with Power Dynamometer. And the t-test was conducted to analyze among the compared group, the contract relax group the differences between before and after the experiment. Result: Contract relax group was a muscular strength and ROM showed significant results(p<0.05) between before and after CR. The control group, however, showed no change(p>0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that contract relax could be helpful for muscular strength and ROM. Various techniques in future research on muscle relax exercises can be studied to promote the public if the functional status is considered to be of much help.

Purpose: This study was to verify the effect of muscle strengthening exercises using a Thera-Band on the lower limbs. Methods: The design utilized for this study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. A control group (16) and experimental group (16) were selected from stroke patients of K Oriental Medicine Hospital who were hospitalized for 5 months from December 2005 through April 2006. While only acupuncture therapy and physical therapy were used on the control group, acupuncture, physical therapy and additional muscle strengthening exercises using a red thera band were used on the experimental group. Muscle strengthening was performed 20 minutes per session, more than one session a day for 4 weeks. Hypotheses for this study were verified using Two-way repeated ANOVA and ANCOVA using a pre test score as a covariate. Results: The experimental group with thera band muscle strengthening exercises showed a decrease in asymmetry weight loading percentage(F=14.704, P= .010), range of knee (Z=-3.15, P= .001) & deep tendon reflex score(Z=-2.52, P= .012) and moving performance(F=12.328, P= .001)compared to the control group. Conclusion: It is confirmed that muscle strengthening exercises using a Thera-Band can be used as an effective nursing intervention to improve the function of the lower limb of hemiplegic stroke patients.

중년 여성에게 있어 유방암은 신체 능력 감소를 유발할 수 있으며, 치료 방법에 따라 낙상의 위험을 증가시키는 것으로 알려져있다. 낙상은 하지의 근기능과 밀접한 관련이 있으나 치료 부위의 특성으로 인해 상지의 근기능을 평가하는 연구가 주를 이루어왔다. 이에 본 연구에서는 유방암 질환 중년 여성 9명과 건강한 중년 여성 9명을 대상으로 하지의 근기 능 측정을 비교분석하여 낙상 예방과 관련된 하지 근기능을 비교 분석하고자한다. 이를 위해 동적 평형성, 등속성 근기능 (근력, 근지구력, 신경근 기능) 측정을 실시하였으며, 측정된 자료를 Mixed design two-way ANOVA로 비교 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 동적평형성은 유방암 유ㆍ무 및 좌ㆍ우에 따라 유의한 차이가 없었다. 둘째, 하지의 폄ㆍ굽힘근의 근력은 유방암 유ㆍ무 및 좌ㆍ우에 따라 유의한 차이가 없었다. 셋째, 하지의 폄ㆍ굽힘근의 근지구력은 유방 암 유ㆍ무 및 좌ㆍ우에 따라 유의한 차이가 없었다. 넷째, 하지의 신경근기능은 유방암 유ㆍ무에 따라 유의한 차이가 나타 났으며, 좌ㆍ우 굽힘근에서 유방암 환자가 낮게 나타났다. 이는 유방암 생존자의 낙상 예후 인자 평가를 위해 굽힘근의 신경근 기능 평가가 고려 대상이 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

In middle-aged women, breast cancer can cause a decrease in physical ability and is known to increase the risk of falls depending on the treatment method. Falls are closely related to the muscle function of the lower extremities, but due to the characteristics of the treatment area, studies have mainly evaluated the muscle function of the upper limb. Accordingly, this study aims to provide basic data related to fall prevention by comparatively analyzing muscle function measurements of the lower limb in 9 middle-aged women with breast cancer and 9 healthy middle-aged women. For this purpose, dynamic balance and isokinetic muscle function (muscle strength, muscular endurance, neuromuscular function) were measured, and the measured data were compared and analyzed using mixed design two-way ANOVA to obtain the following results. First, there was no significant difference in dynamic balance depending on the presence/absence of breast cancer and left/right side. Second, there was no significant difference in the strength of the extensor and flexor muscles of the lower limb depending on the presence or absence of breast cancer and between the left and right sides. Third, there was no significant difference in the muscular endurance of the extensor and flexor muscles of the lower limb depending on the presence or absence of breast cancer and between the left and right sides. Fourth, there was a significant difference in the neuromuscular function of the lower limb depending on the presence or absence of breast cancer, and the left and right flexors were lower in breast cancer patients. It is believed that the evaluation of neuromuscular function of the flexor muscles can be considered to evaluate prognostic factors for falls in breast cancer survivors.

만성 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 메타분석 기법을 활용하여 트레드밀 훈련의 융복합적 효과성을 평가하고자 한다. PICOS 기준에 의거하여 문헌을 검색한 후 총 22편의 국내 ‘뇌졸중’, ‘트레드밀’ 관련 연구물을 선정하였다. 메타분석을 위해 CMA 프로그램을 이용하여 효과크기를 산출하였으며, 국내 트레드밀 훈련의 전체 효과크기는 0.661(95%CI: 0.456∼0.865)로 중간크기로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.05). 트레드밀 훈련의 효과를 족저압(1.147), 하지 근 기능 (0.875), 균형(0.664)으로 나누어 효과크기를 비교한 결과, 족저압의 효과크기가 가장 크게 나타났다. 추가로 균형은 하위항목들을 나누어 분석하였고, 균형은 TUG(0.553), BBS(0.760), 정적균형지수(0.654)의 효과크기가 나타났다. 따라 서 트레드밀 훈련이 만성 뇌졸중 환자의 삶의 질 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 제공한다. 트레드밀 훈련에 대한 메타분석 연구는 정보, 통신 및 의료기술의 헬스케어 융합을 향한 업계 패러다임의 전환으로 이어질 수 있을 것이다.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the convergence effectiveness of treadmill training in patients with chronic stroke through a meta-analysis. After searching the literature based on the patients, intervention, comparison, outcome criteria, and study desigan, a total of 22 studies related to "stroke" and "treadmill" were eligible for inclusion. Effect size was calculated using the comprehensive meta-analysis program for the meta-analysis. Based on the forest plot results, the overall effect size of treadmill training was 0.661 (95% confidence interval: 0.456-0.865), which was statistically significant with a medium effect size (p < 0.05). The effects of treadmill training on patients with stroke were separated by dependent variables of interest-plantar pressure (1.147), lower limb muscle function (0.875), and balance (0.664). The effect sizes were evaluated for the subdomains of timed up and go test (0.553), Berg Balance Scale (0.760), and static balance index (0.654) for balance. Therefore, treadmill training can be expected to have a positive impact on improving the quality of life of patients with chronic stroke. This meta-analysis of treadmill training may the lead to an industry paradigm shift toward healthcare convergence of information, communication, and medical technology.

Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide, causing significant impairments in sensory and motor functions due to neurological damage. Stroke patients commonly experience unilateral paralysis, with over 40% continuing to have such impairments into the chronic phase, resulting in reduced lower limb function, decreased dynamic balance ability, and impaired gait performance. This study investigates the effects of a visual cognitive stimulation training (VCT) program on lower limb function, dynamic balance, and gait performance in stroke patients compared to conventional gait training (CGT). A total of 48 stroke patients were divided into two groups: visual cognitive training (VCT, n=23) and conventional gait training (CGT, n=25). Both groups underwent 30-minute sessions, five times a week, for four weeks. Outcomes were assessed using the Fugl-Meyer assessment for lower extremity (FMA-LE), Berg balance scale (BBS), 10-meter walking test (10MWT), and functional ambulation categories (FAC). Both groups showed significant improvements in lower limb function, dynamic balance, and gait performance (p<.01). The VCT group demonstrated superior results in dynamic balance (BBS, p<.05) and gait speed (10MWT, p<.05) compared to the CGT group. In conclusion, visual and cognitive stimulation training effectively enhances dynamic balance and gait speed in stroke patients, demonstrating superiority over conventional gait training.

본 연구의 목적은 체육계열학과 입시생의 대학입시 실기평가 준비에 효율적인 훈련방법을 제시하고자 함에 있 다. 본 연구를 위해 G광역시 P체대입시학원에서 3개월 이상 훈련에 참여하고 있는 남자 고3 입시생과 학부모 60명에게 대면 및 서면으로 연구의 목적과 방법을 충분히 설명한 후, 자발적으로 참여를 희망하는 20명의 학생을 무선할당 하여 근력과 근지구력 향상에 효과적인 서킷훈련 집단(CT) 10명과 짧은 시간에 폭발적･반복적 근수축을 발생하는 플라이 오메트릭과 서킷을 포함한 복합훈련집단(CPT) 10명으로 분류하였다. 일일 90분씩 주 3회, 12주간 훈련에 참여한 결 과는 아래와 같다. 하지 근 기능은 CT 집단에서 운동 전･후 통계적으로 유의하지 않았지만, CPT 집단에서는 오른발, 왼발 모두 통계적으로 유의한 증가를 나타냈다. 입시종목은 CT 집단에서 순발력과 근지구력, 유연성에서 통계적으로 유의한 향상을 나타냈지만, CTP 집단에서는 순발력과 민첩성, 근지구력, 유연성, 스피드 등의 모든 입시종목 항목에서 유의한 향상을 나타냈다. 이러한 결과는 체육계열학과 입시생의 플라이오메트릭 훈련이 서킷 훈련보다 하지 근 기능과 대학입시 실기평가 입시종목 향상에 더욱 효과적인 훈련방법인 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this study was to determine comparison of Circuit Training(CT) and Circuit Plyometric Training(CPT) on lower limb muscular Function and physical aptitude examination influence of entrance examination-preparing physical education students. Subjects was 20 students in G City was sampled as study subjects. They was training for 90 minutes a day and three times per week(mon, wed, fri) during 12 weeks. The average and standard variation of each factor was calculated through the window SPSS 18.0. Also, independence sample's and matching sample's t-test was conducted to check the differences in each group and between two groups. Significance level was p<.05. the following conclusion has been drawn: CT was showed noticeable improvement in quickness, endurance and flexibility, and CTP was showed noticeable improvement in right and left Lower Limb Muscular Function, quickness, agility, endurance, flexibility and speed. These results suggest that Circuit Plyometric Training better than Circuit Training may be useful for improving of Lower Limb Muscular Function and Physical Aptitude Examination of Students Preparing for Entrance to Department of Physical Education.

본 연구의 목적은 복합 운동재활이 무릎넙다리통증증후군 태권도 선수들의 하지 근기능 및 사이토카인에 미치는 융합적 효과를 규명하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 무릎넙다리통증증후군 대학 태권도 선수 20명(복합 운동재 활 집단 n=10, 통제집단 n=10)을 대상으로 복합 운동재활(수중운동 주 3회, 저항운동 주2회)을 8주 간 실시하였고, 통계적 유의성 검증은 SPSS 18.0 프로그램을 이용하여 혼합 설계로써 반복측정에 의한 이원변량 분석을 실시 하였 으며, 모든 유의성 검증은 α=.05 수준으로 설정하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 복합 운동재활 집단이 각속도 60°/sec의 피크토크(peak torque)는 처치기간이 증가함에 따라 신근(p<.001)과 굴근(p<.01) 모두 유의하게 증가하 였다. 복합 운동재활 집단이 각속도 180°/sec의 평균파워(average power)는 처치기간이 증가함에 따라 신근이 유 의하게 증가하였다(p<.001). 복합 운동재활 집단의 TNF-α 변화는 처치기간이 증가함에 따라 유의하게 감소하였다. 따라서, 복합 운동재활 프로그램이 무릎넙다리통증증후군 환자의 하지 근기능과 TNF-a의 개선에 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

The purpose of this study was to determined the converge effects of combined exercise rehabilitation on lower limb muscular function and cytokines in taekwondo player with patellofemoral pain syndrome. In this study, combined exercise rehabilitation(aquatic exercise 3 times a week, resistance exercise 2 times a week) was performed and 20 collegiate taekwondo player with patellofemoral pain syndrome(control group: n=10, combined exercise rehabilitation group: n=10) were participated for 8 weeks. Statistical significance verification was carried out by a two - way ANOVA repeated measures design as a mixture using the SPSS 18.0 program. The statistically significant level was set at 0.05. The results of this study were as following. Peak torque was higher significantly in extensor(p<.001) and flexor(p<.01) at 60°/sec in the combined exercise rehabilitation group than the control group over combined exercise treatment period. Average power was higher significantly in extensor muscles at 180°/sec in the combined exercise rehabilitation group than the control group over combined exercise treatment period.(p <.01). The variable of TNF-a was higher significantly in the combined exercise rehabilitation group than the control group as over combined exercise treatment period. Therefore, it can be concluded that a combined exercise rehabilitation program is effective in improving the lower limb muscular function and TNF-a in Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome patient.

본 연구는 8주간의 발 각도를 설정한 플라이오메트릭 트레이닝이 대퇴골 후경을 가진 대학 구기 종목 동아리 학생 의 수직 점프력, 수평 점프력, 고관절 신전 근력, 하지 최대근력에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 실시하였다. 연구 대상자는 20세 이상 25세 미만 대학교 구기 종목 동아리 소속으로 3개월 이상 정기적으로 운동 참여를 하고 있는 남성 중 Craig's test 결과 대퇴골 후경을 가진 대상으로, 발 각도를 30°로 설정 집단(EG), 발 각도를 10°로 설정한 집단(CG)으로 무작위 분배하였다. 플라이오메트릭 훈련은 8주간 주 2회 30분간 체중부하 스쿼트 점프(Squat Jump; SJ), 뎁스 점프(Depth Jump; DJ), 수직반동 점프(Countermovement Jump; CMJ)를 실시하였다. 플라이오메트릭 훈련 전·후 수직 점프력, 수평 점프력, 고관절 신전 근력, 하지 최대근력을 측정하였다. 수직점프와 고관절 신전근력은 두 그룹 모두 유의한 증가를 나타내었고, 수평점프와 하지최대근력은 EG에서 유의한 증가를 나타내었다. 따라서 대퇴골 후경을 가진 구기 종목 선수의 점프력 경기 수행 능력 향상을 위해 발 각도를 30°로 설정 후 플라이오메트릭 훈련 참여를 권장한다.

The This study investigated the effects of plyometric training with specific foot angle settings on the jumping ability and lower limb muscle function of university sports club students with femoral retroversion. The participants were male students aged between 20 and 24 years, affiliated with a university athletic club for ball sports, who showed femoral retroversion as indicated by Craig's test. They were randomly assigned to an Experimental Group (EG) with a foot angle set at 30° and a Comparison Group (CG) with a foot angle set at 10°. The plyometric training program lasted for 8 weeks, with participants performing squat jumps (SJ), depth jumps (DJ), and countermovement jumps (CMJ) twice a week for 30 minutes per session, using their own body weight. Vertical jump height, horizontal jump distance, hip extensor muscle strength, and lower limb maximal strength were measured before and after the training period. Both groups showed a significant increase in vertical jump height and hip extensor strength. However, only the Experimental Group (EG) showed a significant increase in horizontal jump distance and lower limb maximal strength. Therefore, it is recommended that athletes with femoral retroversion engage in plyometric training with a foot angle set at 30° to enhance their jump performance in ball sports.

이 연구는 남자 엘리트 체조선수들의 하지근기능과 최대 수직 점프 수행 시 근신경계 변인들과의 관련성을 알아보 고자 수행되었다. G스포츠과학센터의 우수선수 지원사업에 선정된 남자 엘리트 체조 선수(n = 6)와 비교집단(n = 6)을 대상으로 등속성 근기능(Cybex770, USA) 및 최대 수직점프 능력(Opto-Jump, Microgate, Italy)을 측정하였다. 연구 결과를 살펴보면, 엘리트 남자 체조선수들은 양발 최대 수직 점프 수행 시 파워, 반사적 근력, 점프 높이에서 비교집단과 유의한 차이를 나타냈으며(p < .001), 외발 주측 최대 수직 점프 수행 시 파워(p < .01), 반사적 근력(p < .05) 지면접촉시 간(p < .001)에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 반면에 엘리트 체조선수들의 등속성 각근력과 근신경 관련 변인 간의 상관관 계 분석결과에서 외발 비주측 최대 수직 점프 시 지면접촉시간(GCT)의 결과에서만 유의한 상관성이 나타났다(p < .05). 결과적으로 남자 엘리트 체조선수들은 우수한 신경근 기능을 나타냈으며, 등속성 각근력과 최대 수직점프 시 근신경 변인 들과의 상관성이 낮게 나타남으로써 향후 우수선수 육성에 있어 신경근 기능 평가의 중요성이 대두되었다. 이러한 결과를 통해 스포츠현장에서 활용되기 위해서는 후속연구를 통해 대상자와 측정항목을 확대하여 보다 명확한 결과를 제시해야 할 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the muscle nervous system variables and lower limb muscle function in male elite gymnasts. The participants of this study were male elite gymnasts (n = 6) and control group(n = 6). The isokinetic strength (Cybex770, USA) and maximum vertical jump (Opto-Jump, Microgate, Italy) were measured. The results of this study showed that elite gymnasts showed significant differences in power, reactive strength index and jump height during maximum vertical jump(p < .001), and showed significant differences in power (p < .01) and RSI(p < .05) during single vertical jump on dominant side (p < .001). On the other hand, the isokinetic strength and neuromuscular variables of elite gymnasts, only the results of ground contact time (GCT) showed significant correlation when the maximum vertical jump of the non-dominant side (p < .05). As a result, male elite gymnasts showed excellent neuromuscular function and showed low correlation with neuromuscular variables and isokinetic muscle strength, so it is expected to be used as a scientific base data for training plan for performance.

Objective: To investigate the effect of functional electrical stimulation (FES) on the motor function of lower limb in hemiplegic patients with stroke or brain injury. Method: Fifty subjects (age, 56.66±9.85 years old; prevalence duration, 113.49±79.94 days after stroke or brain injury) were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 groups; the experimental group (n=25) received conventional rehabilitation with FES and the control group (n=25) received conventional rehabilitation without FES. FES was applied 20 minutes concomitant with rehabilitation, 5 days per week for 4 weeks. Outcome measurements included muscle strength, modified Ashworth scale, Brunnstrom stage, motricity index, 10 meter walking test (10 MWT), and circumference ratios of lower extremity (including thigh and calf). Subjects were evaluated before treatment and at 4 weeks after treatment. Results: No significant differences were found in the baseline measurements. After 4 weeks of treatment, there was significant improvement in thigh circumference ratio and 10 MWT in the FES group, when compared with the control group (p＜0.05). Conclusion: Twenty sessions of FES, applied to postacute stroke or brain injured patients plus conventional rehabilitation, improved their motor and walking ability.

In stroke rehabilitation, the coordinative control of various joints is imperative to maintain functional activities in everyday activities, particularly walking and balance. However, it is probably to find appropriate protocol for its recovery. Purpose of this study was to describe a specific lower limb control training program for enhancing walking and balance, with an emphasis on the facilitation of proprioceptive inputs in affected lower limb and control of lower limb movements in walking. The training consisted of trunk, elongation, stimulation of lower limb's proprioception, bridging exercise, standing, weight shifting, toe-off practice using a roller, and control of affected knee. The intervention was performed for 1-hr, twice per week for 4 weeks (total of 8 sessions). Assessment tools were made with a 10-m walk test (10MWT), timed-up-and-go test (TUG), and Berg balance test (BBS). Assessments were completed at pre- and post-test. Results appeared to be improved for the 10MWT, TUG, and BBS after the intervention. These findings indicate that a structured lower limb control program may be favorable to recover walking and balance function of patients with post-stroke hemiparesis.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of functional lower limb strengthening exercises using partial body weight support on improvement in motor function in children with cerebral palsy who have difficulty walking independently. METHODS: Ten children with cerebral palsy at stages 3-5 of the Gross Motor Function Classification System participated in this study. A partial body weight support environment was set up by using the Newton Box. Functional lower limb strengthening exercises with partial body weight support were implemented for 40 minutes twice a week for 6 weeks (12 sessions). Before and after intervention, muscle strength, gross motor function, and balance ability were quantified by using a handheld dynamometer, Korean-Gross Motor Function Measure-88, and Early Clinical Assessment of Balance (ECAB), respectively. RESULTS: Muscle strength in all muscle groups significantly increased after the intervention when compared to the status before the intervention (p < .05). There were no significant differences in gross motor function and balance ability after the intervention. CONCLUSION: Based on these findings, functional lower limb strengthening exercises with partial body weight support using the Newton Box can be applied as a method of intervention to improve the muscular strength of children with cerebral palsy at Stages 3-5 of the Gross Motor Function Classification System.

Purpose: This study examined the effects of sling-based lower limb complex exercise combined with foot intrinsic muscle exercise on pain and lower limb function of patello-femoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Methods: This study involved 30 PFPS participants at the C center in Daegu. The researcher randomly allocated 30 PFPS participants into an experimental group and a control group, with 15 individuals in each group. The experimental group performed a sling-based lower limb complex exercise combined with the foot intrinsic muscle exercise. The control group performed only sling-based lower limb complex exercise. After 4 weeks of intervention, the intervention effect was measured by the visual analog scale (VAS), the dynamic valgus angle (DVA), and the navicular drop test (NDT). All participants were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results: In the within-group comparison, both groups showed significant decreases in the VAS, improvements in the DVA and the NDT (p<.05). In the between-group comparison, the experimental group showed a greater decrease in the VAS than the control group (p<.05). In addition, the experimental group showed greater improvements in the DVA and the NDT than the control group (p<.05). Conclusion: Sling-based lower limb complex exercise combined with foot intrinsic muscle exercise resulted in a significant decrease in pain (VAS), and improvements in DVA and NDT in PFPS. These results are considered suitable for application as an intervention method in clinical practice, simultaneously controlling the knee, improving the function of the internal muscles of the foot, and stabilizing the hip joint, especially during activities requiring functional movement.

본 연구는 뇌성마비아동을 대상으로 하지의 기능적 운동을 접목한 임상미술치료가 대 동작 운동 기능에 미치는 효 과를 알아보기 위해 실시되었다. 실험군 10명, 대조군 10명의 뇌성마비아동을 연구대상으로 실시하였으며 아동 한 명당 주 2회 각 30분씩 12주간 총 24회기에 걸쳐 하지의 기능적 움직임을 이끌어내기 위한 앉은 자세와 서기 자세에서 임상미술치료 프로그램을 적용하 였다. 하지의 기능적 움직임이 개선되고 앉은 자세에서의 안정성과 서고 걷기에 어떤 영향을 주었는지를 평가하기 위 해 동일한 조건에서 대 동작 운동기능평가(Gross Motor Function Measure)척도를 이용하였고, 본 연구에서 수집된 자 료는 SPSS 18.0 프로그램을 사용하여 분석하였으며, 연구의 결과는 아래와 같다. 첫째, 하지의 기능적 운동을 접목한 임상미술치료 프로그램에 참여한 뇌성마비아동의 대 동작 운동기능평가 (GMFM)의 총점을 실험 후 비교한 결과 실험군이 대조군에 비해 향상 폭이 크게 나타났다. 둘째, 대 동작 운동기능평 가를 기능별로 나누어 본 결과, 눕기와 뒤집기 기능, 앉기 기능, 네발기기와 무릎서기 기능, 서기 기능, 걷기, 달리기, 도 약 기능은 실험군의 경우 프로그램 실시 전에 비해 프로그램 진행 후에 유의미하게 향상되었다. 이는 하지의 기능적 운동을 접목한 임상미술치료 프로그램이 뇌성마비아동의 운동 활동에의 참여 동기를 유발시킴 으로서 자발적이고 적극적인 치료 활동을 가능하게 하여 뇌성마비아동의 대 동작 기능인 눕기와 뒤집기, 앉기, 네발기 기와 무릎서기, 서기, 걷기와 달리기 도약 등의 모든 대 동작 기능 향상에 효과적인 것을 알 수 있었다.

This study was conducted to examine the effects of clinical art therapy engrafted with the functional exercise of the lower limb on the gross motor function measure of children with cerebral palsy. The subjects of this study were an experimental group of 10 children with cerebral palsy and a control group of 10 children also with cerebral palsy. The clinical art therapy program was applied in a sitting posture and in a standing posture to elicit the functional motion of the lower limb for a total of 24 sessions for 30 minutes at a time. The sessions were done twice a week for 12 weeks for each of the children. In order to evaluate its effects on the improvement of the functional motion of the lower limb and stability in the sitting posture and standing and walking, the gross motor function measure scale was used in the same conditions. Data collected in this study were analyzed using the SPSS 18.0 program. Comparison of the results of the experiments showed that the total scores of GMFM of the children with cerebral palsy who participated in the clinical art therapy engrafted with the functional exercise of the lower limb improved more in the experimental group than in the control group. Comparison of the gross motor function measure by function showed that the functions of lying down and turning, sitting, crawling on four limbs, kneeling, standing up, walking, running, and jumping improved more significantly in the experimental group after the program was conducted. This showed that the clinical art therapy program, engrafted with the functional exercise of the lower limb, motivated the children with cerebral palsy to participate in exercise activities. Said therapy was also found to be effective in improving all the gross motor functions including lying down and turning, sitting, crawling on four limbs, kneeling, standing up, walking and running, and jumping.