Earticle

The aim of this paper is to investigate the opacity resulting from underapplication and overapplication. Opacity, which refers to the phenomenon that output forms are shaped by generalizations that are not surface-true, or not surface-apparent, has been a challenge to standard Optimality Theory (Prince & Smolensky 1993) since it does not allow intermediate level of derivation. Local Conjunction (Smolensky, 1993; Kirchner, 1996) and Sympathy Theory (McCarthy, 1999; 2002b) have been proposed to deal with the opacity but there are also problems in them. In this paper to resolve the problem in standard Optimality Theory, Local Conjunction, and Sympathy Theory, I'll attempt to solve the opacity problem by employing the new account of McCarthy (2006a-d)'s Optimality Theory with Candidate Chains, which incorporates inter-candidate derivational information with PREC(edence) constraints(A, B). Based on Optimality Theory with Candidate Chains with PREC(edence) constraints(A, B), this paper examines and analyses the opacity resulting from underapplication and overapplication. And I support the superiority of Optimality Theory with Candidate Chains.

The paper presents an OT-based analysis of Korean nominal suffixes and argues that the so-called local conjunction (LC), which is a conjoined constraint consisting of two independent constraints, is necessary to account for some morphological puzzle. More specifically, in Korean, epenthesis is phonologically enforced to drive the different allomorphs of some nominal suffixes (e.g., accusative suffixes [ɨl] and [lɨl]). However, this does not hold for all other nominal suffixes (e.g. locative suffix [e], which do not have any allomorphs. Under the current OT framework, the epenthetic behavior of Korean nominal morphology cannot provide the consistent language-specific ranking between faithfulness (e.g., DEP-IO) and markedness constraints (e.g., ONSET, NO CODA). In order to solve this ranking conflict of the constraints, I propose here a locally conjoined (i.e., LC) constraint, [ONSET & NO Coda]δ. The LC can solve the morphological puzzle well without assuming a highly complicated constraint. In addition, I further discuss the theoretical and empirical properties of the proposed LC. The suggested LC, [ONSET & NO Coda]δ, is strictly restricted to a local domain (i.e., a syllable boundary). This is on a par with the universal condition of LC. Furthermore, [ONSET & NO Coda]δ is attested in other languages such as Italian or Dutch (Tranel & del Gobbo 2000). Therefore, LC is necessary for the analysis of some morphological puzzles.

This paper is to analyze palatalization that has phonologically derived environment effects in English by means of Local Constraint Conjunction(LC), which is a way of combining constraints. In classic Optimality Theory, markedness constraints evaluate output well-formedness, whereas faithfulness constraints evaluate input-output disparity. Thus, markedness constraints have access only to the output while faithfulness constraints view both the input and output. However, current research in phonology suggests that the boundary between markedness and faithfulness constraints is no longer clear-cut. In this paper, We account for palatalization that has derived environment effects by using locally conjoined constraints of markedness and faithfulness. This paper argues that a markedness constraint is conjoined with a faithfulness constraint, so that the markedness constraint is active and able to compel a phonological alternation, only when the faithfulness constraint is violated.

윤석열 정부출범 후 지역소멸 등 위기상황에 대응하여 지역 내 인적·물적 인프라가 집약된 전문대학과 지역 지자체 간 협력을 위한 고등직업교육거점 조성을 제시하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 지역 지자체와 연계한 전문 대학의 평생교육 활성화로 지역균형발전과 지방대학 경쟁력 제고 방안을 제시하는데 있다. 연구방법으로 평생교육 에 있어서의 전문대학의 역할과 전문대학 중심 평생교육 프로그램 운영 사례분석을 통해 전문대학이 지역대학으 로서 평생교육을 활성화하기 위한 시사점을 모색하였다. 연구결과 전문대학에 대한 인식 대전환과 평생교육 상시 플랫폼으로서 역할을 확대시키고, 지역의 평생학습 거점으로서 전문대학의 기능과 역할을 강화, 지역에 위치한 지·산·학·군 거버넌스 구축 및 대학 내 평생교육 전담 센터 구성·설치, 일반대학 위주 지자체 연계 사업을 확대·운영해야 한다.

After the launch of the Yoon Suk Yeol government, in response to crisis situations such as regional extinction, the creation of a higher vocational education base for cooperation between junior colleges and local governments where human and material infrastructure is concentrated in the region was proposed. The purpose of this study is to present measures to promote balanced regional development and competitiveness of local universities by revitalizing lifelong education of junior colleges in connection with local local governments. As a research method, the role of junior colleges in lifelong education and the case analysis of the operation of junior colleges-centered lifelong education programs sought implications for promoting lifelong education as local universities. As a result of the study, it is necessary to expand the role of professional universities as a platform for lifelong education, strengthen the function and role of professional universities as a regional lifelong learning base, establish and establish lifelong education centers in universities.

Considering the fact that a coda is sensitive to two marked conditions, i.e., place and sonority (Prince and Smolensky 1993, Smolensky 1995, Ito and Mester 1996, Padgett 2002), this study analyzes Consonant Cluster Simplification in Korean by means of the conjunction of place and sonority subhierarchies, named generalized local conjunction (Gafos and Lombadi 1999, Woods 2004). First, this paper adopts two universal constraint hierarchies: (1) the hierarchy for place markedness *Coda-[coronal] >> *Coda-[labial] >> *Coda-[dorsal] (Shin 1997, 2003) and (2) the hierarchy for sonority *Coda-obstruent>> *Coda-nasal >> *Coda-lateral (Woods 2004). In addition, this work proposes that there is an overall precedence relationship between place and sonority in such a way that place markedness takes precedence over sonority in the Seoul dialect, while the opposite is true for the Gyeongsang dialect. In sum, this precedence relationship between place markedness and sonority in association with the conjunction of subhierarchies rather than the conjunction of candidates can provide a comprehensive account for CCS in Korean.

The goal of this paper is to review the previous analyses of voicing assimilation in English (Borowsky 1999, Lombardi 1999, Grijzenhout 2000) and provide a more general account for it based on the local conjunction of faithfulness and markedness, namely, IDENT (VOICE) and *VOICE. The conjoined constraint bans a marked segment produced as a result of an unfaithful mapping.

In Optimality theory, syllable structure is regulated by syllable structure constraints, and syllable structure induced epenthesis is also under the reign of the same set of constraints. This guarantees that epenthesis derives well-formed syllable structure in a given language by inserting minimum number of segments. However, in this paper I present an apparent problem case of non-minimal epenthesis in Southeastern Pomo, in which the sequence of /…VCCCCC/ is realized as […VC.CV.CV.CVC] instead of *[…VC.CVC.CVC]. I argue that this is due to the asymmetric requirement on epenthetic vowels that they should appear in the unmarked core syllable, while underlying vowels are free to appear in any type of syllable permitted in the language. I argue that this is a case of the emergence of the unmarkedness in derived structure, and propose that this be captured using local conjunction of a markedness constraint with a faithfulness constraint. I argue that this provides further support for explanatory power of parallel Optimality Theory by obviating the need for positing stipulated derivational levels or level-specific well-formedness conditions.

본 연구는, 지역 주민들의 관점에서 보자면 정당에 대한 경험과 주민자치에 대한 경험이 모두 부재한 상태에서 이 둘을 어떻게 접합하여 낮은 단계에서나마 민주주의의 직접적 체험이 가능하도록 만들 것이냐에 논의를 집중한다. 그동안 서로 다른 층위에서 제각기 논의되었던 지역정당과 주민자치를 하부 행정단위인 읍⋅면⋅동 수준에서 함께 작동시키기 위한 구체적 방안을 찾으려는 것이다. 주민자치회를 구성함에 있어 주민자치위원을 해당 지역의 주민들이 직접 선거를 통하여 뽑도록 하고, 이 선거에는 지역정당 성격의 주민정치단체가 참여하여 후보를 출마시켜 준개방형 명부식 비례대표제로 당선자를 결정하자는 것이 본 연구의 주된 주장이다. 이제 한국 사회의 정치적 담론은 정당을 중심에 두고 전개될 필요가 있으며, 그 담론의 내용은 그동안 정치개혁이 잘못된 방향으로 치달았던 것에 대한 성찰과 새로운 전환의 모색이어야 한다.

From the perspective of local residents, this study focuses on how to combine the two in the absence of both experience with political parties and experience with resident autonomy to make direct experience of democracy possible, even at a low level. The goal is to find specific ways to make local political parties and resident autonomy, which have been discussed separately at different levels, work together at the lower administrative units such as eup, myeon, and dong levels. In forming a local residents’ self-governance association, the members of Resident Autonomy Committee are elected through direct elections. In these elections, resident political groups in the form of local political parties participate and run candidates, and the winner is determined through a semi-open list proportional representation system. This is the main argument of this study. Now, the political discourse in Korean society needs to be developed with political parties at the center, and the content of that discourse must be reflection on the fact that political reform has gone in the wrong direction and a search for a new transition.

The purpose of this report is to summarize the characteristics of the central Vietnam province and to examine the Korean language education of this region. The result of contemplating the đa L?t city and đa N?ng city in the aspect of geography, culture and language, the characteristics of the Vietnam is related to the Korean language education. This study carried out an in-depth interview premising that the đa L?t and đa N?ng has unique characteristics which are different from other regions. And based on that interview, this study examined the current situation and the problems of the Korean language major in the newly established universities in central Vietnam. The task to develop Korean language education in Vietnam is as the following in the aspect of practicality and policy. What Vietnam's đa L?t and đa N?ng should specialize, different from other regions, is the Korean language education based on the preservation and expansion of Vietnam's traditional language culture. It could be both advantage and weakness that Vietnam is practical and easily absorbs the other culture. Central Vietnam should learn the lesson from the north and the south region of Vietnam. This is an Important Issue to Korean Studies Education in Vietnam's đa L?t University and đa N?ng University. đa L?t University and đa N?ng University is preserving the Vietnam's spirit and it has such historical foundation. đa L?t University and đa N?ng University's Korean language education should be headed to the consideration of both job purpose Korean language education and the language education that combines Vietnam's traditional language culture and that of Korea.