Earticle

Mad2B (Mad2L2), the human homolog of the yeast Rev7 protein, is a regulatory subunit of DNA polymerase ζ that shares sequence similarity with the mitotic checkpoint protein Mad2A. Previous studies on Mad2B have concluded that it is a mitotic checkpoint protein that functions by inhibiting the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). Here, we demonstrate that Mad2B is activated in response to cisplatin-induced DNA damage. Mad2B co-localizes at nuclear foci with DNA damage markers, such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen and gamma histone H2AX (γ-H2AX), following cisplatin-induced DNA damage. However, unlike Mad2A, the binding of Mad2B to Cdc20 does not inhibit the activity of APC/C in vitro. In contrast to Mad2A, Mad2B does not localize to kinetochores or binds to Cdc20 in spindle assembly checkpoint-activated cells. Loss of the Mad2B protein leads to damaged nuclei following cisplatin-induced DNA damage. Mad2B/Rev7 depletion causes the accumulation of damaged nuclei, thereby accelerating apoptosis in human cancer cells in response to cisplatin-induced DNA damage. Therefore, our results suggest that Mad2B may be a critical modulator of DNA damage response.

This study describes the effects of novel1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D$_3$ analong[1,25(OH)$_2$-16ene-23yne-26, 27-F6-D$_3$] on proliferation of the human histiocytic lymphoma cell line U937 in vitro. We also examined the expression of c-myc oncogene in U937 cells was apparently inhibited to 62% and 87% of the control level after 4 days in the presence of 10-8M and 10-7 M of this analog, respectively. This compound morpholgically and functionally differentiated U937 cells to nonocyte-macrophage phenotype showing the increase of adherence ability to surface and a decrease of N/C ratio in Giemsa staining . Especially, nonspecific esterase activity which is a marker of cell differentiation to monocyte-macrophage was positive, and production of the positive stained cells increased in a dose dependent fashion . The expression of c-myc oncogene by 1, 25(OH)$_2$D$_3$ analog(10-7 M) was reduced by 60% at the mRNA level as determined by Northern blotting. The effects of this novel analog on cell proliferation and cell differentiation may open op new therapeutic strategies for human disorders such as psoriassis and may provide a tool to understand the mechanism of action of vitamin D$_3$ seco-steroids in malignancy.

To search for immunoactive natural products exerting anti-inflammatory activity, we have evaluated the efectsRubus coreanus Miq. (ERC) on lipolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production by RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. Our data indicate that this extract is apotent inhibitor of NO production and it also significantly decreased IFN-γ and TNF-α production. Consistent with theseresults, the protein level of inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was inhibited by ethanolefects posibly by supresing the inducible NO synthase and COX-2 expressions.

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a well-known inducer of apoptotic cell death in many tumor cells. 1RAIL is expressed in human placenta, and cytotrophoblast cells express 1RAIL receptors. However, the role of TRAIL in human placentas and cytotrophoblast cells is not. well understood. In this study a trophoblast cell line, JEG-3, was used as a model system to examine the effect of TRAIL. on key intracellular signaling pathways involved in the control of trophoblastic cell apoptosis and survival JEG-3 cells expressed receptors for 1RAIL, death receptor (DR) 4, DR5, decoy receptor (OcR) 1 and DeR2. Recombinant human TRAIL (rhTRAIL) did not have a cytotoxic effect determined by MIT assay and did not induce apoptotic cell death determined by poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage assay. rhTRAIL induced a rapid and transient nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kB(NF-kB) determined by immunoblotting using nuclear protein extracts. rhTRAIL rapidly activated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) 1/2 as determined by immnoblotting for phospho-ERK1/2. However, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and Akt (protein kinase B) were not activated by rhTRAIL. The ability of 1RAIL to induce NF-kB and ERK1/2 suggests that interaction between TRAIL and its receptors may play an important role in trophoblast cell function during pregnancy.

We performed Raman spectroscopy on two different over-doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x (BSCCO), of which superconducting transition temperatures are 89 K and 77 K. Line-shape analysis of the Raman-spectrum was done, focused on B1g bond buckling mode which have drawn a lot of attention, since photoemission studies showed an evidence for strong coupling between the mode and electron. The line-shapes show asymmetry and are well fitted by the Fano line-shape formula. Remarkably, we found that the peak line-widths from B1g bond buckling mode in BSCCO show much broader than those in YBa2Cu3O7−x. The broad line width can be attributed to the superstructure modulation of BSCCO. Our results imply that B1g bond buckling mode may have close relation to the origin of superconductivity or to boosting the superconducting transition temperature in BSCCO.

This study aims at investigating Korean university students’ product and process of writing in English to see the impact of L2 writing proficiency and reader awareness, using a software program for recording keyboard activity and compose-aloud protocols with retrospective interviews. It analyzes compose-aloud protocols of eight students of two different levels of English writing ability (LP and HP) for two tasks (one with specific information on the target reader and the other without it), which were combined with the data recorded by the computer program Inputlog. The results of the study illustrate the effects of L2 writing proficiency on the written product and writing process on-line of Korean students. Both groups spent most of their time writing, but the HP group did more editing. The LP students verbalized more often for language form searching. The study also reveals some impact of reader awareness, which was more observable in the HP group. The HP students were aware of the reader role in English writing; thus, they used audience-related strategies regardless of the tasks. But its frequency increased in the task where the target reader was given, while no clear impact of reader awareness was noted in the overall quality of both groups’ writing.

Pleurotus cornucopiae (PC) mushrooms is found in the field and commonly known in Japan as Tamogidake mushrooms. Recently it has been reported that PC also alleviating the toxicity of heavy metals. However little is known about mechanism of the action of PC on osteoblast differentiation, especially in transcription factor. Inhibitor of DNA binding-1 (Id-1) function has been linked to the proliferation, migration, and senescence of cells, and studies about relationship between Id-1 and biological function. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the effect of PC on osteoblast differentiation and expression of Id-1 and Id-2. PC treatment increased ALP, Col 1 and OCN. PC treatment up-regulated the mRNA levels of Id-1 and Id-2 genes. This PC–induced osteoblast differentiation is more effective in lower doses rather than high doses. This study shows that expression of Id-1 and Id-2 was increased in a dose-dependent manner during PC-induced osteoblast differentiation.

본 논문은 지하철 PSD(Platform Screen Door)광고의 효과증진을 위하여, 동적 대상은 정적 대상에 비해 강한 시선 유인 효과를 가진다는 이론적 배경을 전제로, 동적 이미지를 활용한 새로운 형태의 PSD광고를 제안하는 것에 연구의 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 스크린도어와 전동차의 관계 분석을 통해, 효율적인 동적 이미지 구현을 위한, 위치적, 시각적 요소들을 도출하였다. 그 후, 이러한 요소들을 적용한 예시광고를 제작, 3D 프로그램 상에 적용함으로서, 동적 PSD광고의 구현 과정을 확인하였다. 연구결과, 시간차를 이용한 이미지 합성을 통해서 동적 시각효과를 보여줄 수 있는 새로운 형태의 PSD광고 제작이 가능함을 확인할 수 있었고, 이미지들의 조합과 적용에 따라 다양한 시각적 표현이 가능하기에, 본 연구의 제안이 PSD광고라는 광고매체에 다양성을 부여할 수 있음을 또한 확인하였다.

The purpose of this research is to propose a new method of PSD(Platform Screen Door) ads using animated image for efficiency, based on the theoretical background that moving objects have a stronger visual attractiveness effect than static objects. For this, we analyze the relationship between the screen door and the train, then derive the positional and visual elements which help to create efficient animated images. Based on this analysis, we made an example and applied into 3D program to confirm the implementation process of the animated PSD ads. As the result, the research shows that it is possible to produce a new type of PSD ads that can show dynamic visual effects and can give diversity to the PSD advertising media through the combination of the images using time difference.

Objectives: Subway is one of the most common transportation modes in Seoul, Korea. The objectives of this study were to determine characteristics of in-cabin $PM_{2.5}$ concentration in Seoul Metro Line Number 2 and to identify factors of the $PM_{2.5}$ concentration. Methods: In-cabin $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations in Seoul Metro Line Number 2 were measured using real-time monitors and the factors affecting $PM_{2.5}$ concentration in cabin were observed. Linear regression analysis of in-cabin $PM_{2.5}$ concentration and indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratio were performed. Results: In-cabin $PM_{2.5}$ concentration was associated with the in-cabin $PM_{2.5}$ concentration in previous station. In-cabin $PM_{2.5}$ concentration was correlated with ambient $PM_{2.5}$ concentration and associated with underground station with control of the in-cabin $PM_{2.5}$ concentration in previous station. I/O ratio increased as the number of passengers increased and when passing through the underground station with control of I/O ratio in previous station. Conclusion: In-cabin $PM_{2.5}$ concentration was affected by ambient $PM_{2.5}$ concentration. Therefore, management of in-cabin $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations should be based on outdoor air quality.

본 연구는 역세권의 지하철 이용자의 시간대별 유출입 이용특성을 분석하고, 이용특성에 따라 집중적으로 이용되고 있는 역세권의 토지이용특성을 분석하였다. 분석결과를 중심으로 2030 서울도시기본계획의 중심지체계와 비교·검토하여 지하철2호선 역세권의 관리방안을 제시하였다. 연구는 서울시의 주요 중심지를 순환하고 있는 지하철2호선 50개 역을 대상으로 하였다. 각 역의 시간대별 이용자 유출입 특성을 중심으로 지하철 이용자의 특성을 4가지로 유형화 하였다. 유형구분에 따라 역세권 500m반경의 건물용도, 개발밀도에 따른 토지이용특성을 분석하였다. 구체적인 분석과정은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 스마트카드 데이터는 시간별로 분석하여 지하철역 유형을 분류하기 위해 사용되었습니다. 그 분류 결과를 이용하여 메트로 사용자의 특성을 분석 하였다. 둘째, 이용특성에 따른 4가지 유형을 건물용도를 활용하여 토지이용특성을 분석하였다. 토지이용특성 분석을 위해 2014년 과세대장 데이터를 활용하였고, 건물용도는 주거, 상업, 공업, 교육 및 공공기관, 기타 등으로 구분하였다. 건물용도에 따른 토지이용특성은 토지이용계수(Land use Quotient, LQ)를 활용하여 분석하였으며, 분석결과 유형A는 업무 및 상업중심형, 유형B는 주거중심형, 유형C의 경우 주거·상업 복합형, 유형D는 상업·공업 복합형으로 구분하였다. 셋째, 4가지 유형별 용도지역상에서 실현된 개발밀도를 분석하였다. 개발밀도는 현재 실현된 입체적 토지이용과 향후 가용 밀도를 확인할 수 있는 지표이다. 본 연구에서는‘허용용적률 실현비율’을 활용하여 개발밀도를 분석하였다. 넷째, 향후 공간구조 및 기능측면에서 지하철2호선 역세권의 발전방향을 제시하기 위하여, 분석된 토지이용특성과 2030 서울도시기본계획 중심지체계와 비교·검토하였다. 본 연구는 역세권의 이용특성을 유형화하여 유형별 토지이용특성을 분석하고 2030 서울도시기본계획의 중심지체계와 연계하여 역세권 관리방안을 제시하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다고 본다. 향후 지하철 2호선 역세권 개발정책 및 계획수립에 있어서 기초적인 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

This study proposes rational development and management of station area in terms of users, analyzing the flow rate of passengers and land use. and we compared 2030 SeoulCity Plan to suggest the management plan considering characteristics of users of stations. First, it was classified into 4 types according to the characteristics of the time-use flow. TypeA: influxes in the morning, and outflows in the afternoon and night, Type B: outflows in morning and influx at afternoon and night, Type C: outflows in the morning and nightinflux in the afternoon, Type D: a case where the flow is similar in both morning, afternoon, and night. Land use characteristics according to building use were analyzed. Type A isclassified as business and commerce type, type B as residential type, type C as residential commercial type, and type D as commercial type. Third, the development density realized infour types of usage areas. Type A (89.1%) and Type B (86.3%) were found to have lower capacity of density than Type C (77.2%) and Type D (75.4%).

Here, we evaluated toxicity effects of Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen and its adulterant species. Authentic Lepidii seu Descurainiae Semen and closely related inauthentic plant materials were evaluated for their cytotoxicity induction in human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) as compared to normal human kidney epithelial (HEK293) cell lines. In this study, we compared 5 species of plant seeds, Lepidium apetalum (LA), Descurainia sophia (DS), Draba nemorosa (DN), Lepidium virginicum (LV), and Erysimum cheilanthoides (EC). Five species were tested with MTT assay for their cytotoxicity after 24 hours of exposure to the cells. Among the five species, EC possessed the most robust toxicity, with specific selectivity against HepG2 and HEK293 cells. MTT assay alone cannot establish toxicity, and further studies on toxic mechanism are needed. However, it is anticipated that it will be possible to evaluate the toxicity of Korean herbal medicine with high prediction ability, and it is expected to be utilized as toxicological data before in vivo experiment.