Earticle

The P'aerim and the Taedong Yasung are the two better known among unofficial history collections of the Yi Dynasty still available. The compilers and writers of unofficial historical records generally were people without official connection with the incidents recorded, and were thus in a position to be critical in their evaluation. Therefore, in order to gain a balanced view of Korean history, these unofficial history sources must also be consulted. However, there are differences in the contents of various unofficial history collections, even though the titles may be identical. For this reason, the writer has made a comparative study on the. contents of both the P'aerim and the Taedong Yasung. As a result, various differences between the two collections are noted. This points out the need for continued research on collections of unofficial historical records.

Acute hemodynamic effects of CJ-18513, a non-peptide angiotensin IIreceptor antagonist, were examined in mongrel dogs treated with high frequency ventricular pacing for one week. Rapid ventricular pacing reduced mean blood pressure (mBP), Lvdp/dt and cardiac output (CO), and increased the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP). Continuous infusion of CJ-10513 at doses of 10 and 20$\mu$g/kg/min, respectively, for 30 minutes reduced mBP, LVEDP and myocardial oxygen consumption rate (MVO,) and shifted the cardiac function curve (CO-LVEDP ourve) to the left in this dog model. In conclusion, CJ-10513 decreased the preload and afterload and increased the cardiac function in dogs with pacing-induced heart failure.

The role of injunctive norms in promoting healthy behaviors is explored and a model of injunctive normative influence (i.e., MINI) is proposed and tested. Health communication is employed as the context to test the model focusing on dentist-patient communication about flossing behavior. The model explores how messages from sources with legitimate power (i.e., dentists) promote injunctive norms which, in turn, promote healthy behaviors. Declarative (i.e., messages indicating normative behavior) and evaluative (i.e., messages assessing adherence to norm) communication are considered for their effect on injunctive norms. The effect of injunctive norms on behavioral intent is posited to be mediated by guilt. A test of the model employing 319 (143 men and 176 women) participants was performed looking at perceptions of dentist-patient communication, flossing injunctive norms, guilt related to flossing behavior, and behavioral intent to floss. All direct links proposed in the model are supported but the indirect link from declarative communication to behavioral intent is not significant. Unanticipated direct links emerge from evaluative communication to guilt and behavioral intent. Overall, results are largely supportive of the proposed model though evaluative communication plays a greater role than anticipated while declarative communication has a more limited scope.

Lactococcus taiwanensis starin K_LL001 was isolated from the gut of grasshopper (Oxya chinensis sinuosa). In this study, we presented the complete genome sequence of L. taiwanensis stain K_LL001. The genome of K_LL001 genome was composed of 1 circular chromosome without plasmids. The length of the whole genome was 2,018,259bp, guanin + cytosine (G+C) content (%) was 38.75%, with 2,021 predicted protein-coding sequences (CDS). The most abundant CAZyme class in L. taiwanensis strain K_LL001 was glycoside hydrolases (GH) class. GHs is the key enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, and they catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds in complex carbohydrates such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and starch. Moreover, L. taiwanensis strain K_LL001 has genes encoding enzymes which can catalyze the transformation of one glycoside to another. Overall, this study will contribute to a further understanding of L. taiwanensis strain K_LL001 at the genomic level and provide a theoretical basis for its future application in swine industry.

이 연구는 해수작용에 대한 콘크리트의 내구성시험의 일환으로 각종 배합설계의 콘크리트에 대하여 1년간 실내에서 해수에 침지하여 압축강도와 부식율을 규명하고저 시도하였다. 각종 콘크리트의 배합설계에 있어서 보통시멘트만을 사용한 것, 혼화제로서 후라이애쉬, 포조리스, 빈솔레진 등을 각각 보통시멘트에 사용한 것, 그리고 포조란 시멘트만을 사용한 것 등으로 구분하고 각 콘크리트 공시체는 K.S 규정에 준하여 만들어 재령 7일 및 28일 양생하였다. 그리고 압축강도시험은 수중과 해수에 각각 1년간 침지한 것에 대하여 강도를 측정하고 부식율시험은 해수중에 1년간 침지한 것에 대하여 부식율을 측정하였다. 이와같은 콘크리트의 압축강도시험과 부식율 시험에 대한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. (1) 압축강도에 있어서 보통콘크리트는 수중이나 해수중에 다 같이 다른 콘크리트의 강도보다 낮으므로 포조란시멘트나 혼화제인 후라이애쉬, 포조리스. 빈솔레진은 각각 그 효과가 인정되었다. (2) 포조란시멘트는 수중에서 강도가 다른 콘크리트보다 가장 높았으나 해수중에서는 후라이애쉬보다 낮은 강도를 나타내었다. 따라서 포조란시멘트는 해수중에서 보다 수중에서 강도상 효과가 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. (3) 후라이애쉬는 수중에서와 해수중에서 다 같이 장기강도에 있어서 높은 강도를 갖인 특성이 있다는 것을 나타내었고, 수중에서는 포조란시멘트에 비하여 강도가 낮었으나 해수중에서는 오히려 포조란 시멘트의 강도를 능가하고 있어 해수중에서는 포조란 시멘트보다 강도상 더욱 그 효과가 크다는 것을 알 수 있다. (4) 포조리스는 후라이애쉬와 포조란시멘트에 비해서 그 효과가 떨어지나 빈솔레진에 비해서는 강도상에 있어서 항상 그 효과가 인정되공 있다. (5) 빈솔레진은 포조란시멘트나 혼화제중에서 강도상 가장 그 효과가 낮으나 보통콘크리트에 비하면 그 효과는 수중이나 해수중에서 다 같이 인정되고 있다. (6) 콘크리트의 압축강와 흡수율과의 관계는 후라이애쉬를 제외하면 다른 재령에서와 같이 흡수율이 적을수록 압축강도는 증가되며 회기직선관계가 성립되었다. 그러나 후라이애쉬는 장기강도에서 그 특징이 현저히 나타나고 있어 다른 콘크리트의 흡수율에 비하여 현저히 높은 강도를 나타내고 있다. (7) 부식율에 있어서는 1년간 해수작용을 받었을 때 각 콘크리트의 유의적인 부식율이 인정될 수 없으며 외관상에서도 부식현상을 식별할 수 없었다.

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of various mix designs of concrete on the compressive strengths and corrosive rates when the concretes were immersed in sea water of the West Sea, as the part of study related to durated to durability of concrete by action of the sea water. Concrete mix designs used in this study were ordinary Concrete mix, Concrete mixes with different admixtures such as fly ash, pozzolith and vinsol resin, and pozzolan concrete mix. The concrete specimens were made and cured for 7 days and 28 days in the fresh water in accordance with the Korean Standard specification for concrete. Compressive strengths of the specimens were measured after immersing the specimens for one year in fresh water and sea water which were placed indoors. The sea water used in this test was taken from the Bay of Ahsan. Corrosive rate was also tested after immersing the specimens in the same sea water and placed indoors for one year. The results obtained from the tests are summarized as follows; 1. Compressive strength of an ordinary concrete was the lowest of the various mix desings of concrete immersed both in the fresh water and the sea water. Therefore, the uses of pozzolan cement, fly ash, pozoolith and vinsol resin in mix design of concrete had and effect on increasing compressive strength. 2. Pozzolan concrete was the most effective on compressive strength in the fresh water, but it had less effect than concrete with fly ash admixture immersed in the sea water. 3. The use of fly ash admixture in mix design of concrete showed higher strength as the immersing age is longer both in fresh water and sea water than the other concretes besides pozzolan concrete, but the concretewith fly ash admixture had lower strength than pozzolan concrete in the sea water. Therefore, concrete with fly ash admixture might be better than the pozzolan concrete as far as durability of concrete to sea water was concerned. 4. The use of pozzolith admixture in mix design of concrete had less compressive strength than the use of pozzolan cement for fly ash admixture both in fresh water and sea water. However, the concrete with pozzolith admixture was much stronger than one with vinsol resin admixture in fresh water, but somewhat stronger in the sea water. 5. Though the use of vinsol resin admixture was more effective than ordinary concrete on compressive strength both in fresh water and sea water, it was the least compressive strength among the other concretes. 6. Relation between compressive strengths and absorption rates of every kind of concrete besides concrete with fly ash admixture showed a linear regression line and the compressive strength is highee as the absorption rate is lower. Concrete with fly ash admixture had extremely high strength in comparison with corresponding adsorption rates of the other concretes. 7. Corrosive appearance on the surface of concretes was not occured significantly when exposed to the sea water for one year, However, the specimens of concretes besides ordinary concrete were a little heavier than those cured in fresh water for 28 days.

The Lactococcus taiwanensis strain K_LL004 was isolated from the gut of a grasshopper (Oxya chinensis sinuosa) collected from local farm in Korea. L. taiwanensis strain K_LL004 is the functional probiotic candidate with an ability to hydrolyse plant polysaccharides. The complete genome of the L. taiwanensis strain K_LL004 contains one circular chromosome (1,995,099 bp) with a guanine + cytosine (GC) content of 38.8%. Moreover, 1,929 Protein- coding sequence, 19 rRNA genes, and 62 tRNA genes were identified based on results of annotation. L. taiwanensis strain K_LL004 has a gene, which encodes hydrolytic enzymes such as beta-glucosidase and beta-xylosidase, that hydrolyzes plant polysaccharides.

Lactococcus lactis is a fermentative lactic acid bacterium that is used extensively in food fermentations. The L. lactis strain K_LL005 was isolated from the grasshopper (Oxya chinensis sinuosa) gut in Korea. In this study, we reported the complete genome sequence of Lactococcus lactis K_LL005. The final complete genome assembly consist of one circular chromosome (2,375,093 bp) with an overall guanine + cytosine (G + C) content of 35.0%. Annotation results revealed 2,281 protein-coding sequences (CDSs), 19 rRNAs, and 68 tRNA genes. Lactococcus lactis K_LL005 has a gene encoding xylose metabolism such as xylR, xylA, and xylB (xylRAB).

Seit den 70er-Jahren ist Heinrich Böll in Korea sehr bekannt, nicht nur weil er im Jahr 1972 den Nobelpreis für Literatur erhielt, sondern auch weil seine Werke die Menschlichkeit in einer entmenschlichten Gesellschaft zum Gegenstand haben. Bis heute sind die meisten seiner Werke ins Koreanische übersetzt. Den Startschuss für die Böll-Forschung in Korea gab Ik-Hwa Song, der seine Dissertation unter dem Titel ‘Die Darstellung des Kindes im frühen Werk Heinrich Bölls’ 1978 in Deutschland verfasste. Ihm folgten jüngere Forscher wie Min-Ho Hur, Hi-Youl Kim, Choog-Kook Chung, Jung-Chol Ku, Yong-Jwa Suh, Do-Won Yang, Lee-Seob Kim, Dong-Hee Yu, Sun-Ok Sa und In-Mo Jeong, die zahlreiche weitere wissenschaftliche Abhandlungen und Aufsätze über Bölls Werke verfassten. In den 90er-Jahren lässt sich die Böll-Forschung in Korea unter drei Hauptthemen subsumieren. 1. Die Ästhetik des Humanen, die Böll in den meisten seiner Werke konsequent behandelt. 2. Die Böll’sche Gesellschaftskritik. Besonderes widmete sich Choog-Kook Chung wie Jung-Chol Ku Bölls Kritik an der deutschen katholischen Kirche, insbesondere an Klerikalismus und die Scheinfrömmigkeit. Er untersuchte auch Bölls Kritik an der Großbourgeoisie, die das Geldkapital höher schäzt als die Menschlichkeit des Individiuums. 3. Bei den Böll’schen Gemeinschaftsutopien hat Do-Won Yang die philosophische Hintergründe des Utopischen und die Motive ‘Leistungsverweigerung’ in dem Werk 『Gruppenbild mit Dame』 analysiert. Daneben entstanden weitere Arbeiten, etwa über die Verfilmung der Werke Bölls, besonders 『Die verlorene Ehre der Katharina Blum』 von Sun-Ok Sa und die Böll’sche Erzähltechnik von In-Mo Jeong. Im Jahr 2001 wurde mit der Gründung der Koreanischen Heinrich-Böll-Gesellschaft, die aus über 80 Mitgliedern besteht, ein neues Kapitel in der Böll-Forschung aufgeschlagen. So finden jährlich eine Tagung und eine Vorstandssitzung statt, ebenso jedes Jahr wird die Zeitschrift “Heinrich Böll” veröffentlicht. Sie publiziert wissenschaftliche Aufsätze koreanischer und ausländischer Germanisten, etwa Ralf Schnell, Gisela Holfter, Thorsten Päplow. Durch die Gesellschaft wird die Heinrich-Böll-Forschung vertieft und ‘die Humanität Heinrich Bölls’ verwirklicht. In der Zukunft wird die Koreanische Heinrich-Böll-Gesellschaft weiter maßgeblich zur Böll-Forschung in Korea beitragen. Ob jedoch die reduzierte Zahl der Germanisten und die Schwierigkeiten der germanistischen Forschung die Situation dies so weiterhin ermöglicht, bleibt die Frage.

The in vivo and in vivo antibacterial activity of DW-116, a newly synthesized fluoroquinolone, were compared with those of other quinolones. DW-116 exhibited more potent antibacterial activity than rufloxacin and lower activity than ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in in vivo assay But, DW-116 particularly showed strong activity against the family of staphylococci including methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus and its activity was more active than that of ciprofloxacin. The time-kill curve studies showed rapid bactericidal activity for DW-116. The post-antibiotic effect of DW-116 was observed between 0.66 and 5 hours. The therapeutic efficacy of DW-116 against respiratory infection with P. aeruginosa was as strong as that of ciprofloxacin and its effect against urinary tract in(traction with E. coli was more effective than rufloxacin. The excellent therapeutic efficacy of DW-116 against these local infections is due to its good pharmacokinetic profiles.

Performance management of computer networks is intended to improve a given network performance in order for more efficient information exchange between subsystems of an integrated large-scale system. Improtance of performance management is growing as many function of the large- scale system depend on the quality of communication services provided by the network. The role of performance management is to manipulate the adjustable protocol parameters on line so that the network can adapt itself to a dynamic environment. This can be divided into two subtasks : performance evaluation to find how changes in protocol parameters affect the network performance and decision making to detemine the magnitude and direction of parameter adjustment. This paper is the second part of the two papers focusing on conceptual design, development, and evaluation of performance management for token bus networks. This paper specifically deals with the task of decision making which utilizes the principles of stochastic optimization and learning automata. The developed algorithm can adjuxt four timer settings of a token bus protocol based on the result of performance evaluation. The overall performance management has been evaluated for its efficacy on a network testbed.

본 연구의 과제는 “어머니가 자녀가 성소수자임을 받아들이게 되는 경험의 본질과 그 의미는 무엇인가?”이다. 이를 위하여 성소수자 자녀를 둔 6명의 어머니들에게 심층 면접을 진행하였으며 현상학적 연구 방법으로 분석하였다. 자녀가 성소수자임을 받아들이게 되는 엄마들의 이야기를 분석한 결과 총 7개의 구성요소와 22개 하위구성요소가 도출되었다. 7개의 구성요소는 ‘심장이 멈춤, 그러나 머릿속은 어느 때보다 바빴던 순간,’ ‘낯선 아이 앞에멈칫거리는 나,’ ‘듣도 보도 못한, 드러내놓고 물을 데도 없는 엄마 노릇,’ ‘평범한 꿈을 내어주고 얻은 깨달음 - 누구에게나 아픔은 있다,’ ‘평생토록 미안해,’ ‘끝나지 않는 전쟁,’ ‘아이를 떠나보내기’ 이다. 성소수자의 어머니가 자녀가 성소수자임을 받아들이는 경험을통하여 성소수자 당사자와 주변의 사람들에게 서로에 대한 이해를 증진시키고 성소수자에게 수용적인 환경을 조성하는 데 유용한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있기를 기대한다.

The purpose of study is to explore the essence of mothers' acceptance of their children's sexual minority identity. Six mothers of sexual minorities were recruited and interviewed. The collected data was analyzed by phenomenological method. the study resultscan be summarized into seven themes and 22 sub-themes. Seven themes include ‘My heart stopped, but I had to concentrate and think properly,’ ‘I felt weird and was hesitated in front of my kid,’ ‘I had no idea and nowhere to ask,’ ‘Everyone has pain,’ ‘I am sorry for my life,’ ‘an endless war,’ and ‘leaving my child.’ Findings have implications for fundamental resources to build sexual minority friendly environment and to promote better understanding of sexual minority issues in Korean society.