Earticle

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aquatic exercise rehabilitation on the knee joint pain and function in elderly women with osteoarthritis. For this purpose, 30 subjects over 65 years old who were osteoarthritis patients divided into two groups, exercise group and non-exercise group. Collected data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank test and Mann-Whitney U test. The results of this study were as follows. Pain score significantly dropped in exercise group(p<.01). There were significant differences in the percent change of pain score after the aquatic exercise rehabilitation between exercise and control group(p<.001). Range of Motion(ROM) was significantly increased in exercise group(p<.05). There were significant differences in the percent change of ROM after the period between the two groups(p<.001). Time of Get up and go(GUG) significantly dropped in exercise group(p<.05) and also Steps of GUG significantly dropped in exercise group(p<.01). There were significant differences in time and steps of GUG after the aquatic exercise rehabilitation between exercise and control group(p<.05). Therefore, the aquatic exercise rehabilitation decreased in pain score, but ROM and function of knee joint were increased.

Purpose: This study was conducted to verify the effect of applying a pressure biofeedback unit on walking ability and knee joint function while performing knee joint extensor strengthening exercises using resistance exercise equipment in total knee replacement (TKR) patients. Methods: This study was conducted on twelve patients receiving rehabilitation treatment after being admitted to a rehabilitation hospital post-TKR. Of these, six were allocated to a feedback group with a pressure biofeedback unit, and the other 6 were allocated to a control group without a pressure biofeedback unit. The subjects performed an exercise program for 45 minutes per session, five times a week, for two weeks. Walking ability and knee joint function were evaluated and analyzed before and after exercise. Results: The feedback group showed significantly better improvements in walking speed, gait cycle, step length on the non-operation side, time on the foot on the operation side, K-WOMAC stiffness, and K-WOMAC function than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: When strengthening the knee joint extensor muscles using resistance exercise equipment in TKR patients, the provision of a pressure biofeedback unit was found to improve walking ability and knee joint function by inducing concentric-eccentric contraction of the knee joint extensor muscles. Therefore, the study shows that exercise based on the provision of a pressure biofeedback unit should be considered when strengthening knee joint extensor muscles to improve the walking ability and knee joint function of TKR patients in clinical practice.

Purpose: To identify the effect of knee joint traction therapy on pain, physical function, and depression in patients with degenerative arthritis. Methods: In total, 30 patients with degenerative arthritis were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the experimental group, who underwent knee joint traction therapy, and the control group, who underwent general physical therapy (15 patients per group). Pain was measured using the visual analogue scale (VAS), physical function was measured using the Western ontario and McMaster universities osteoarthritis (WOMAC) index, and depression was measured using the Beck depression inventory (BDI). The VAS, WOMAC score, and BDI score were recorded before and after the 4-week treatment. Results: As a result of comparison within groups, the experimental and control group showed significant difference for VAS, WOMAC and BDI after the experiment (p<0.05). In comparison between the two groups, the experimental group in which knee joint traction was applied showed more significant change in VAS, WOMAC and BDI than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that knee joint traction therapy was effective in improving pain, physical function, and depression in patients with degenerative arthritis.

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of joint mobilization and kinesio taping on pain, range of motion and knee function in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Methods: Thirty subjects were selected and divided into three groups: group 1 was treated with joint mobilization, group 2 was treated with kinesio taping and group 3 was treated with joint mobilization and kinesio taping. Joint mobilization was performed for 20 minutes three times a week for a period of 4 weeks, after which tape was applied for the same period of time and it was not exceeded 24 hours. Pain, range of motion and knee function were then assessed to identify the effectiveness. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used for pain assessment, while active and passive range of motion (AROM, PROM) were assessed using smart phones application, and knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) was used to assess knee function. Results: After intervention, the joint mobilization group and kinesio taping group showed significant improvements in VAS, AROM, PROM and KOOS (Symptom, Pain, ADL, QOL), whereas no significant difference was found in sport/recreation. The joint mobilization with kinesio taping group showed significant improvements in all items, and a significant increase was found in AROM and PROM compared to the other two groups. Conclusion: We found that joint mobilization and kinesio taping effectively improved pain, range of motion and knee function in patients with knee osteoarthritis, but that application of joint mobilization with kinesio taping was most effective.

The purpose of this study is to investigate that effect of action observa-tion training (AOT) on knee joint function and balance in total knee re-placement (TKR) patients. The subjects consisted of eighteen post-TKR patients. All participants underwent conventional physical therapy. In addition, patients in the AOT group (n=9) were asked to observe video clips showing daily actions and to imitate them afterward. Patients in the control group (n=9) were asked to execute the same actions as pa-tients in the AOT group. Outcome measures Western Ontario and Mc-Master Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) included pain, stiff-ness, function and Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. After intervention, pa-tients in the AOT group score better than patients in the control group. After TUG test, patients in the AOT group and control group were no significant difference between two groups. In addition to conventional physical therapy, AOT is effective in the rehabilitation of post-TKR pa-tients. Action observation training is considered conducive to improving knee functions and ameliorating pain and stiffness, of patients who un-derwent TKR.

This study was conducted on Korean male high school soccer players who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) to identify the effects of an accelerated rehabilitation exercise (ARE) pro-gram on knee joint isometric strength, thigh circumference, Lysholm score, and active balance agility. We assigned eight test participants each to a physical therapy group (PTG) and an accelerated rehabilita-tion exercise group (AREG), and compared differences between the groups. Both the PTG and AREG showed significant increases in 30° away and 60° toward isometric strength after treatment. In addition, significant differences were observed in these strength tests between the two groups. Both groups also showed significant increases in thigh circumference, Lysholm score, and active balance agility after treat-ment, but no significant differences were observed between the two groups. We conclude that the ARE treatment was more effective for im-proving isometric strength of the knee joint than that of physical thera-py, and that an active rehabilitation exercise program after ACLR had positive effects on recovery performance of patients with an ACL injury and their return to the playing field.

선행 연구에서 동적 스트레칭(DS)과 자체 이동(SM)의 효과를 조사했지만, 두 가지 개입을 비교하는 연구는 드물다. 따라 서 본 연구의 목적은 DS와 SM이 발목강도, 등굴신운동범위(DFROM), 균형에 미치는 영향을 비교하여 어느 것이 우수한지를 판단하는데 있다. 32명의 건강한 젊은 성인들이 이 연구에 참여했으며ㅡ 참가자들은 무작위로 두 그룹(SM과 DS)에 할당되었다. DS는 내측 위저근육의 스트레칭을 목적으로 수행하였다. SM 그룹의 경우 발목 관절 SM을 3가지 방법으로 수행하였다. 모든 참가자를 대상으로, 다음과 같은 측정을 사전 및 사후 테스트로 수행하였다: 배면플렉서 및 플랜터플렉서의 등각 강도, DFROM 을 평가하기 위한 가중치 부여 런지테스트(WBLT), 정적 밸런스를 평가하기 위한 Tetrax 시스템, 동적 밸런스를 평가하기 위한 YBT(Ybalance Test). SM군 개입 전후의 발목 등굴근 강도, WBLT, YBT, 체중분포지수(WDI)(베개와 뜬눈, PO), 안정성지수 (ST)(정상눈과 감은눈, NC)에서 유의미한 차이가 발견되었다(p<.05). DS군에서는 발목등굴근 및 족저굴근강도, WBLT, YBT전 방, WDI(정상 및 뜬눈; NO, PO) 및 ST(NO, NC, PO, 베개 및 닫힌눈)에서 개입 전후에 유의미한 차이가 발견되었다(p<.05). 발목 족저 굴곡 강도와 WDI(PO)는 그룹별로 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 발목관절 기능향상을 위한 변수 (DFROM, 근력, 균형)에 따라 DS 또는 SM을 선택적으로 사용할 수 있는 가능성을 고려할 수 있다.

Several studies have investigated the effects of dynamic stretching (DS) and self-mobilization (SM), however, studies comparing the two interventions are rare. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of DS and SM on ankle strength, dorsiflexion range of motion (DFROM), and balance to determine which is superior. Thirty-two healthy young adults participated in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups (SM and DS). DS was performed for the purpose of stretching the medial gastrocnemius muscle. For the SM group, ankle joint SM was performed in three ways. For all participants, the following measurements were performed as pre- and post-tests: isometric strength of dorsiflexor and plantar flexor, weight-bearing lunge test (WBLT) to evaluate DFROM, Tetrax system to evaluate static balance, and y balance test (YBT) to evaluate dynamic balance. Significant differences were found in ankle dorsiflexor strength, WBLT, YBT, weight distribution index (WDI) (pillow and opened eyes; PO), and stability index (ST) (normal and closed eyes; NC) before and after intervention in the SM group (p<.05). In the DS group, significant differences were found in ankle dorsiflexor and plantar flexor strength, WBLT, YBT anterior, WDI (normal and opened eyes; NO, PO), and ST (NO, NC, PO, pillow and closed eyes) before and after the intervention (p<.05). Ankle plantar flexor strength and WDI (PO) were significantly different between groups. Based on the results of this study, DS or SM can be considered as a possibility for selective use according to variables for improving ankle joint function (DFROM, muscle strength, balance).

This study aimed to compare the effects of trampoline exercise with those of balance pad exercise on balance, gait, and knee joint function in elderly women with knee osteoarthritis. Twenty elderly women with knee osteoarthritis were randomly divided into a trampoline exercise group (n=10) and a balance pad exercise group (n=10). Both groups performed their group-specific exercise thrice a week for six weeks. Data were obtained for the two groups with the one-leg stance test (OLST), Timed Up and Go test (TUG), 10-meter walk test (10MWT), and all variables (pain, physical function, stiffness, and total) of the Korean version of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (K-WOMAC) conducted before and after exercise. Data were analyzed using the paired t-test to compare changes in the variables after exercise for each group. An independent t-test was used for comparison between the groups. Both groups showed statistically significant improvements in OLST, TUG, 10MWT, and all variables of the K-WOMACK after exercise. There were statistically significant differences between the trampoline and balance pad exercise groups in stiffness and total variables of the K-WOMACK. There were no statistically significant differences between the trampoline and balance pad exercise groups in OLST, TUG, 10MWT, and pain and physical function variables of the K-WOMACK. The results indicate that trampoline and balance pad exercises are effective in promoting balance, gait, and knee joint function in elderly women with knee osteoarthritis. In particular, trampoline exercise was more effective than balance pad exercise for knee joint function.

This study investigated the effect of whole-body vibration on muscle function and muscular reaction in the knee joint. We recruited thirty healthy subjects and divided them into a training group, who experienced whole-body vibration, and a control group, who did not. The training group performed whole-body vibration exercises for 30 min per day, 3 days a week, for 8 weeks. We measured knee joint torque to estimate muscle strength and reaction, using BIODEX System 3. Knee joint peak torque and total work performed increased significantly in the training group, and muscle acceleration time decreased. These results suggest that stimulation by whole-body vibration can improve muscle strength and reaction by improving muscle tone and increasing blood temperature and flow speed in muscular fiber. Our results also indicate that 4 weeks of exercise with whole-body vibration is required to improve the reaction response, and six weeks to improve strength.

본 연구는 테이핑 요법이 슬관절의 등속성 기능 및 통증에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 슬관절 부위에 통증을 호소하는 $65{\sim}70$세 여성 노인 12명을 대상으로 슬건근, 대퇴사두근, 슬개골 부위에 폭 5cm의 테이프를 8주 동안 주당 3회씩 총 24회를 적용시킨 후 등속성 근 기능인 최대근력, 상대근력, 근 지구력(총 운동량), 근 지구력(운동피로도), 동측 근력 비율, 주관적 통증정도인 시각적 상사 척도와 구술적 평정 척도의 변화를 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 즉, 8주간의 테이핑 요법 후 최대근력, 상대근력, 근지구력(총 운동량), 동측근력비율은 각각 유의하게 증가하였고 (p<.05; p<.01), 근지구력(운동피로도) 및 시각적 상사 척도와 구술적 평정 척도 점수가 각각 유의하게 감소하였다(p<.05).

The aim of this study were to evaluate the effect of kinesio taping on isokinetic muscular function and pain of knee joint. The subjects for this study were twelve elderly women($65{\sim}70$years) suffered by knee joint pain over more than three years. The taping methods performed on 3 times a week for 8 weeks for improvement of isokinetic muscular function. Also, the change of visual analogue scale(VSA) and varval rating scale(VRA) has been measured before and post taping 8 weeks. Paired t-test was performed for data analysis at the 0.05 level of significance. After 8 weeks, the results of the study are as follow; First, peak torque, peak torque % BW, total work and ipsilateral balance ratio were significantly improved. And, work fatigue, visual analogue scale and verval rating scale were decreased significantly after 8 weeks taping. The results suggest that applying kinesio taping on knee joint may improve isokinetic muscular function of elderly women. Therefore kinesio taping method was effective for pain relief and prevention of knee joint pain in the elderly women.

본 연구는 농구선수의 성별에 따른 등속성 무릎관절 근기능에 대한 차이를 알아보고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 고등학교 농구 선수 총 23명(남자: 11명, 여자: 12명)을 대상으로 Biodex를 이용하여 60ﾟ/sec와 90ﾟ/sec 각속도에 서 무릎관절 굴곡근과 신전근에 대한 등속성 근기능을 측정하였으며, 최대근력, 체중당 최대근력, 평균 근파워, HQ ratio 에 대해 집단내 좌·우측 및 성별에 대한 차이를 분석하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 60ﾟ/sec와 90ﾟ/sec 등속성 근기 능에서 남녀 모두 좌우측에 대한 차이는 없었지만, 여자 선수는 남자 선수에 비해 유의하게 낮았다. 둘째, 60ﾟ/sec와 90ﾟ /sec의 HQ ratio는 남녀 모두 좌우측에 대한 차이는 없었지만 좌측의 경우 여자 선수는 남자 선수에 비해 유의하게 낮았다. 이러한 결과는 여자 농구 선수의 근기능 상태가 남자 농구 선수에 비해 매우 부족할 뿐만 아니라 HQ ratio가 낮다는 것을 의미한 다. 따라서 여자 농구 선수들의 상해예방 및 경기력 향상을 위해서는 무릎관절의 근력 및 근파워 트레이닝을 통한 하지 근력의 강화가 이루어져야 할 것이며, 특히 무릎관절 굴곡근 강화에 대한 트레이닝 프로그램이 마련되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the gender difference in the isokinetic muscle function of the knee joint in high school basketball players. Twenty-three high school basketball players (11 males and 12 females) participated in this study. The knee flexion and extension were measured at 60 degrees/sec and 90 degrees/sec angular velocity using Biodex for the evaluation of isokinetic muscle function, and the difference between the two lower limbs for maximum muscle strength, maximum muscle power per body weight, average muscle power, and HQ ratio were analyzed. As a result of the study, there was no significant difference in the left and right measurement values for both men and women in the isokinetic muscle function of 60 degrees/sec and 90 degrees/sec, but the results of female athletes were significantly lower than male athletes. The HQ ratios of 60ﾟ/sec and 90ﾟ/sec did not differ from both men and women, but the values of left legs in female athletes was significantly lower than those of male athletes. Thus, the lower isokinetic muscle function and HQ ratio of female basketball players indicate an insufficient isokinetic muscle function ability comparted to men players. Therefore, in order to prevent injury and improve performance of female basketball players, it is necessary to strengthen the lower extremity muscle strength through muscle strength and muscle power training of the knee joint, and in particular, it is recommended that a training program for strengthening knee joint flexion should be prepared.

The purpose of this study that had been measured up body composition, basal physical fitness, aerobic performance and isokinetic muscle function between high school judo and wrestling athletes was a comparative evaluation. The 16 high school athletes(judo: age-17.5±0.7, wrestling: age-17.8±0.7)who participated in this study were randomized, respectively. The subjects of two group were measured about anthropometry(height, weight), body composition(muscle mass, % body fat), basal physical fitness(grip strength, backmuscle strength, vertical jump test, sit-up, trunk forward flexion) and isokinetic test of thigh and trunk. All variables were analyzed using standard procedures and the results are presented as means±standard deviations(SD). The results are as following 1. comparative results of body composition were no significant differences between two groups. 2. comparative results of basal physical fitness were no significant differences between two groups. 3. R value was shown significant difference in aerobic performance(p<.05). 4. Results of thigh isokinetic tests were highly appeared about right extensor (Nm, Nm/kg, p<.05, p<.01) and right extensor(Nm, Nm/kg, p<.05, p.01) in wrestling athletes at 60°/sec and 120°/sec test. Whereas, Right muscle function (%, p<.05)and bilateral of extensor(%, p<.01) were highly appered in judo athletes at 60°/sec and 120°/sec test. Results of trunk isokinetic tests were highly appeared about extensor at 30°/sec(Nm/kg, p<.05) and 60°/sec(Nm, Nm/kg, p<.05, p<.001) in judo athletes. There were significant differences between two groups in isokinetic test. Muscle strength of thigh was excellent among the rest in wrestling, back muscle strength was high in judo. Thus, this study will be able to contribute for improvement adolescence judo and wrestling athletes.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of balance ability in elderly women by the knee joint training. Thirty two elderly women aged 65 to 80 had been participated in this study. AII the patient were treated 3 times session weekly for 5 weeks. The participants were divided randomly as group 1 (n = 8) , group 11 (n = 8), group 111 (n = 8), and group IV(n = 8). In group of participants were non treatment. In group 11 of participants were exercised only QSE(Quadriceps Setting Exercise). In group 111 of participants were exercised using Thera band. In group IV of participants were exercised both QSE and using Thera band. For 5 weeks , three(group 11 , 111 , IV) exercise group took the training an hour in each 3days of a week and we raised the intensity of exercise of three groups following two weeks from the start. We compared the group 1 with the other groups. The results obtained are as followings First, Experimental group 11 , 111 , IV were showed significant difference, especially experimental group IV was only showed greatest significant difference in comparision with group 1 in change of quadriceps strength , pressure pain threshold , one leg stance test, timed up and go test, WOMAC according to 5 weeks(P< .001). In conclusion this study showed that group IV compared to group I had significantly change than group 11 and group 111 compared to group 1 in all test. Therefore, this study revealed that quadriceps intensive training has the affirmative ifluence on function of knee joint in elderly adults.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of the manual joint mobilization to the patients with knee osteoarthritis and to determine the effect of pain, range of motion, body function and balance after applying it. METHODS: The thirty participants who complained the knee pain were randomly assigned to control (Con) group (n=15) that received the general physical therapy and experimental (Exp) group (n=15) that received the applied the manual joint mobilization and the general physical therapy three times per week, 30 minutes per day for four weeks. It measured the visual analogue scale (VAS), the range of motion (ROM), body function (WOMAC) and balance (TUG). RESULTS: It showed the significantly different between the control group and experiment group in VAS, ROM and WOMAC. After 4 weeks, the experiment group was significantly different from other group in VAS, ROM and WOMAC. But the measurement of balance did not show the significantly difference within group and between groups. CONCLUSION: This results suggest that Manual joint mobilization was effective in pain, ROM, function in patient with knee osteoarthritis.

The study has been to 16 handball university males who performed maximum isokinetic tests of knee joint. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether 4 weeks of sport rehabilitation tape method was able to improve peak torque, peak torque body weight ratio, average power, total work at 60 degree /sec and 180 degree/sec from isokinetic test with Biodex3. The results were as follows: First, there was significant difference at knee flexion in peak torque and total work angular velocity 60 degree /sec(p<.05). There was significant difference at knee extension in average power angular velocity 60 degree /sec(p<.05). Second, in the 180 degree/sec there was no significant differences in values of peak torque, peak torque body weight ratio, average power and total work both for flexion and extension. This results suggest that sport rehabilitation tape method on knee joint can increase the improvement of the torque function. sport rehabilitation tape method was recommended as a useful aid in an athletic contest and develop physical strength of the lower part of the body.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise rehabilitation program after meniscus transplantation on the function in knee joint and quality of life, and to examine the gender difference in rehabilitation. Subjects were 11 meniscus transplantation patients, and assigned to 2 groups(male:5, femal:6). Lysholm score, and KOOS were measured at pre-exercise, 6th week, and 12th week during 12-week exercise rehabilitation program(3 times per week, 80∼90 min. per time). As a result, in Lysholm score and KOOS, no significance was shown between groups at 6th and 12th week, whereas significance was shown within group in both groups. In conclusion it is suggested that 12-week exercise rehabilitation program after meniscus transplantation should have the positive effect on the function in knee joint and quality of life. And gender difference should be considered during rehabilitation after meniscus transplantation.

The purpose of this is to identify the relationship among the age, body mass index(BMI) and exercise frequency(EF) with knee joint position sense in korean healthy women. Methods: Healthy women of 328 who participated in this study were tested knee joint position sense; reposition error was measured with a Myrin goniometer. Each reposition error was analyzed using descriptive statics, pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The mean reposition error by age groups was significant decrease getting older. The mean reposition error by BMI groups was significant decrease getting higher. And the mean reposition error by EF groups was significant decrease getting lower. The knee joint position sense showed a significantly correlation with age(r=0.36, p=.00), BMI(r=0.34, p=.00) and EF(r=-0.50, p=.00). The most powerful predictor of knee joint position sense was EF. The reposition error according to stepwise multiple regression is 3.36+(-2.64)×EF+0.13×age, and account for 46%(R2=0.46) of the variance in the knee joint position sense. Conclusion: The older the women are, for prevent of knee injuries due to decreased joint position sense, regular exercise is essential factor.

본 연구의 목적은 라켓 스포츠 종목별 성인 여자 선수들의 체력 수준 및 무릎 관절의 등속성 근기능을 비교 분석하는 것이다. 연구대상자는 D광역시 소재에 라켓 종목 여성 성인 선수(소프트테니스 10명, 테니스 13명, 배드민 턴 9명, 스쿼시 9명) 41명을 대상으로 진행하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 첫째, 체력 검사에서는 사이드스텝(F=10.667, p<.001)에서 집단 간 통계적인 유의차가 나타났다. 배드민턴 선수가 소프트테니스와 스쿼시 선수 보다 사이드스텝이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 테니스 선수가 소프트테니스 선수보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 체전굴(F=4.119, p<.05)에서 집단 간 통계적인 유의차가 나타났으며, 소프트테니스 선수가 테니스 선수보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 등속성 근기능 검사에서는 라켓 선수들의 무릎관절 등속성 근기능을 검사한 결과 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았 다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 라켓 종목별 요구되는 체력 요소에서 차이가 있으며, 각 종목의 특성을 반영한 맞춤형 훈련 프로그램의 개발이 필요함을 시사한다. 특히 민첩성과 유연성은 종목별 경기력에 중요한 요소로 작용하므로, 해 당 종목별 선수의 특징을 파악하고 훈련 프로그램을 수립하는 것이 중요하다. 더 나아가, 우리는 선수들의 경기력 향 상뿐만 아니라 부상 예방에도 기여할 수 있는 과학적 데이터를 제공하며, 향후 종목별 세부적인 체력 요인 분석 및 장기적인 선수 발달 전략 수립을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the physical fitness levels and isokinetic muscle function of the knee joint among adult female athletes participating in different racket sports. A total of 41 athletes from D City participated in the study, including 10 soft tennis players, 13 tennis players, 9 badminton players, and 9 squash players. The results showed significant differences in physical fitness tests among the groups. In the side-step test, badminton players demonstrated superior performance compared to soft tennis and squash players, and tennis players outperformed soft tennis players. In the sit-and-reach flexibility test, soft tennis players showed significantly greater flexibility than tennis players. However, no significant differences were observed among the groups in the isokinetic muscle function of the knee joint. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the required physical fitness elements vary depending on the type of racket sport. This highlights the need for customized training programs that reflect the unique demands of each sport. Particularly, agility and flexibility were identified as key components influencing athletic performance across different racket sports. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the specific characteristics of each group of athletes and to develop specialized training programs accordingly. Furthermore, the results of this study provide scientific data that not only contribute to enhancing athletic performance but also to preventing injuries. These findings can serve as fundamental data for future detailed analyses of sport-specific physical factors and the development of long-term athlete development strategies.

Background: The case study examined the effect of a hip joint traction and hip posterolateral muscles strengthening on knee pain, range of motion, and lower extremity function scale of patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Although PFPS has previously been attributed to quadriceps dysfunction, more recent research has linked this condition to impairment of the hip musculature and kinematic. Methods: Subject is a 27-years-old female with PFPS. Performed hip joint traction with belt and posterolateral muscles(hip abductors, external rotators) strengthening for 4 weeks, 3 times a week, once a day. Before and after the therapy, measurements were made on the visual analog scale (VAS) and of the ROM, and a lower extremity functional scale (LEFS) was conducted. Results: The results showed positive changes in VAS and range of motion and lower extremity functional scale. First VAS of knee changed from 6 to 2. Second hip joint range of motion showed that internal rotation recored from 53° to 58° and external rotation recorded from 32° to 37°. Third The lower extremity functional scale showed before therapy of 44; after therapy, 63. Conclusion: The hip joint traction and hip posterolateral muscles strengthening was effective in alleviating knee pain, increasing ROM and Lower extremity functional scale of the PFPS patients.