Earticle

현재 프로슈머는 실무적으로 많은 관심을 받고 있지만, 그에 비해 깊이 있는 이론적 연구는 부족한 편이 다. 특히 프로슈머 활동에 참여하는 소비자가 지각하는 특성이 기업의 마케팅 성과에 주는 영향에 대해서 는 거의 연구되지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 프로슈머 활동의 재미와 지적자극이 긍정심리자본-자기효능감, 낙 관주의, 희망, 회복탄력성-을 통해 장기적 관계지향성에 주는 영향을 살펴봄으로써 기존 연구의 이론적 한 계점을 보완하고 실무적 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 프로슈머 활동 경험이 있는 소비자들을 대상으로 149부의 데이터를 수집하고, 구조방정식 모형을 분석에 이용하였다. 검증결과, 재미는 회복탄력성 을 제외한 나머지 긍정심리자본에 긍정적 영향을 주고, 지적자극은 긍정심리자본 모두에 긍정적 영향을 주 는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 낙관주의를 제외한 긍정심리자본은 장기적 관계지향성에 긍정적 영향을 주는 것 으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 실증연구가 부족한 프로슈머 연구의 이론적 체계 마련에 도움을 준다. 또한 프로슈머 활동에 대한 내재적 보상의 중요성을 보여주며, 프로슈머를 이용한 기업 전략에 시사점을 제공한다.

Currently, prosumers are receiving a lot of interest in practice, but in-depth theoretical research is insufficient. This study examines the effects of prosumer activity's fun and intellectual stimulation on long-term relationship orientation through positive psychological capital. Through this, it is intended to supplement the theoretical limitations of existing research and provide practical implications. We collected 149 data from consumers with experience in prosumer activities and analyzed them using a structural equation model. As a result of the study, it was found that fun had a positive effect on positive psychological capital except for resilience, and intellectual stimulation had a positive effect on all positive psychological capital. In addition, positive psychological capital was found to have a positive effect on long-term relationship orientation. These results help to establish a theoretical system for prosumer research that lacks empirical research. It also shows the importance of the intrinsic rewards of prosumer activities, and provides implications for corporate strategy using prosumers.

본 연구의 목적은 변혁적 리더십의 구성요인인 지적자극이 구성원의 심리적 상태를 통해 구성원의 행동으로 이어지는 간접적인 영향을 알아보는 것이었다. 구성원의 심리적 상태로서 구성원의 일에 대한 희망과 친밀감을 활용하였으며, 구성원의 조직 내 행동으로 구성원의 심리적 웰빙과 역할 내 행동을 이용하였다. 통신산업에 종사하는 본 연구의 참여자들은 자발적인 참여를 원칙으로 하였으며, 많은 연구를 통하여 신뢰성과 타당성이 확보된 측정도구를 활용하여 구성된 설문지를 이용하여 본 연구의 실증분석에 사용된 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료를 매개 회귀분석을 활용하여 검증하였으며 검증 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 지적자극은 구성원의 친밀감 및 일에 대한 희망 형성에 긍정적인 유의한 영향을 미치며, 둘째, 일에 대한 희망은 역할 내 행동과 심리적 웰빙에 중요한 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 셋째 친밀감은 구성원의 심리적 웰빙에 중요한 긍정적인 영향을 미치며, 넷째, 지적작극은 일에 대한 희망과 친밀감을 통해 역할 내 행동 및 심리적 웰빙에 각각 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 구성원들이 조직 내 경험이 구성원의 심리적 상태를 거쳐 구성원의 행동에 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 것을 직접적으로 검증하였다는 점에서 의의를 찾아 볼 수 있으며, 구성원의 긍정적인 심리적 상태로서 역할 내 희망 및 친밀감을 조직행동분야에 응용해 보았다는 점에서 의의를 찾아 볼 수 있다. 토론 및 결론을 통하여 본연구의 이론적 기여도 및 실무적인 기여도에 대하여 심도 있는 논의를 제공하였으며, 본 연구의 한계에 대하여서도 언급하였다.

This study started with an ideas that a leader could have significant influences on its subordinates and their attitude and behaviors. Positive organizational behaviors could be formed by leader’s behaviors with intention to make employees move toward a direction an organization insisted. The specific purposes of this paper was to investigate the influences of intellectual stimulation on the in-role behavior and psychological well-being through intimacy and hope for work. Hope for work and intimacy were used as positive psychological state of employees which mediated the influence of intellectual stimulation on employee behaviors. Variables used for the study were selected considering the role of a leader in developing positive psychological states of employees. Hypotheses were constructed based on literatures in the areas of transformational leadership and positive organizational behavior. Following 10 hypotheses were constructed: H1: Intellectual stimulation will have positive influences on intimacy. H2: Intellectual stimulation will have positive influences on hope for work H3: Hope for work will have positive influences on psychological well-being. H4: Hope for work will have positive influences on in-role behavior. H5: Intimacy will have positive influences on psychological well-being. H6: Intimacy will have positive influences on in-role behavior. H7:Intellectual stimulation will have positive influences on psychological well-being through hope for work. H8:Intellectual stimulation will have positive influences on in-role behavior through hope for work. H9:Intellectual stimulation will have positive influences on psychological well-being through intimacy. H10: Intellectual stimulation will have positive influences on in-role behavior through intimacy. The date used for empirical analyses were collected by using a questionnaire which contained measurements with proven psychological properties. And the participants of the study were selected based on their own decision and were given specific guidelines about the study. The samples were collected in the telecommunication industry in Korea. Among 448 employees participated in the study, 367 employees were male and 81 were female. On the average, they have been working with their leader about 19.9 months when they answered a questionnaire. And the collected data were analyzed using SPSS. To test hypotheses, regression analyses and mediating regression analyses were used. The results of the were as followers: First, intellectual stimulation was found to have positive impact on hope for work, while it has significant positive impact on intimacy. Second, hope for work was found to have significant positive influences on in-role behavior and it showed significant positive influences on psychological well-being. Third, intimacy had significant positive impact on psychological well-being. Fourth, intellectual stimulation had significant indirect impact on in-role behavior and psychological well-being through hope for work, while they had significant indirect influences on in-role behavior and psychological well-being through intimacy. The results of the study contributed to the development of theories in areas of positive organizational behavior and development of employee attitudes in an organization. Intimacy and hope for work were found to have the role of positive organizational behavior. This contributed to the theoretical development of positive organizational behavior. On the other hand, this study proved that a sub-dimension of transformational leadership had indirect influences on employee attitude and behavior like psychological well-being and in-role behavior through intimacy and hope for work. This result extended transformational leadership research to areas of positive organizational behavior. Practically, the result of the study can be applied to the employees’ motivational development and transformational leadership development programs. Employees’ hope for work and intimacy with their leaders will be very important motivators for their employees. Future motivational development programs should consider to incorporate positive organizational behaviors variables like intimacy and hope for work in their employee motivational development programs. Theoretical and practical meaning of the results, and in-depth discussion about limitations and future study direction were provided through discussion section.

본 연구는 관리자의 변혁적 리더십이 조직원들의 도움행동과 일탈행동에 미치는 영향을 알아보고 가치 일치성의 조절효과를 검증하여 효율적 경영관리를 위한 프로세스 도입 및 인적자원관리를 위한 방안을 제 시하기 위하여 진행하였다. 이를 위하여 서울, 경기, 충남 지역의 사무관리, 영역/마케팅, 제조업 등에 근무하는 직원들에게 설문지 를 배포하여 최종 334부의 자료를 실증분석에 활용하였다. 자료는 SPSS 18.0을 이용 분석하였으며, 신뢰성 분석, 타당성을 위한 요인분석, 상관관계분석, 연구가설 검증을 위한 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 본 연구의 가설 검증 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 변혁적 리더십의 카리스마는 도움행동에 유의미한 부의 영향관계를 나타내었으며, 변혁적 리더십의 지적자극과 개별적 배려는 도움행동에 정의 영향을 나타내었 다. 둘째, 변혁적 리더십의 카리스마는 일탈행동에 부의 영향을 나타낸 반면, 변혁적 리더십의 지적자극과 개별적 배려의 하위 구성요소는 일탈행동에 유의한 영향관계를 나타내지 않았다. 셋째, 가치일치정도에 대 한 변혁적 리더십과 도움행동 간의 조절효과는 변혁적 리더십의 카리스마와 개별적 배려에 조절효과를 나 타내었으며, 변혁적 리더십과 일탈행동 간에 대하여는 개별적 배려에 조절효과를 나타내었다. 본 연구를 통해 구성원의 도움행동을 증가 시키고 일탈행동을 감소시키는 변혁적 리더십의 효과성을 검 증하였다. 이를 바탕으로 조직의 지속가능성을 높이기 위한 관리자들의 변혁적 리더십 향상 프로그램 개발 의 필요성을 제안하였다. 그리고 가치일치성의 조절효과에 대한 부분적 영향관계도 확인하였다. 또한, 카리 스마의 부의 영향 관계는 경영관리 프로세스 설계에 유의점을 시사하고 있다.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the transformational leadership on helping behaviors and deviant behaviors of organizational members and to verify the control effect of value consistency and to suggest a process for effective business management and human resource management. For this purpose, questionnaires were distributed to employees working in office management, area marketing, and manufacturing industries in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Chungcheong provinces, and the final 334 copies were used for empirical analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0, and reliability analysis, factor analysis for validity, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were conducted to verify the research hypothesis. The results of the empirical analysis based on the questionnaire based on the object are as follows. First, charisma of transformational leadership showed negative impact on helping behavior, and intellectual stimulation of transformational leadership and individual care showed positive influence on helping behavior. Second, charisma of transformational leadership showed negative influence on deviant behavior, whereas intellectual stimulation of transformational leadership and sub - constitutional factor of individual care did not show significant influence on deviant behavior. Third, as a result of confirming the moderating role of transformational leadership and helping behavior on the level of value consistency, it showed moderating effects on charisma and individual consideration of transformational leadership. Through this study, we proved the effectiveness of transformative leadership which increases the helping behaviors of the members and reduces the deviant behavior. Based on this, we proposed the necessity of developing managers' transformational leadership improvement program to enhance the sustainability of the organization. And we confirmed the partial influence relationship on the adjustment effect of value consistency. In addition, negative influence of charisma suggests a significant point in the management process design.

본 연구는 부산지역 오너제과점 쉐프 (B, L, O, C, M등 50여 업체)와 종사자들을 대상으로 변혁적 리더십이 직무만족과 직무성과에 미치는 영향관계에서 성별에 따른 조절효과를 검정하 였다. 연구의 목적을 위해 통계프로그램 SPSS 21.0및 AMOS 21.0을 사용했고, 연구대상자 240 명에 대하여 빈도분석과 요인 및 신뢰도분석, 확인적 요인분석, 가설검정을 하기위해 구조방정 식 모형검정을 실시하였다. 분석결과를 보면 첫째, 오너제과점 쉐프에 근무하는 표본의 특성은 남자보다 여자의 비율이 높았고, 연령은 20-25세 미만이 가장 많았다. 학력은 전문대학졸업생이 가장 높았고, 경력은 1-5년 미만이 66.4%로 나타났다. 직급은 평사원의 비율이 절반정도 차지하 고 있었다. 둘째, 가설검증에서 변혁적 리더십의 하위요인으로 카리스마, 개별적 배려, 지적자극 은 각각 직무만족에 정(+)의 영향관계를 나타냄으로, 모두 채택 되었다. 그리고 직무만족에 대한 조절효과로 성별을 보면 직무성과에 미치는 영향에서 조절효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 셋 째, 성별에 따른 조절효과에서 남자의 경우 개별적 배려가 직무만족에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것 이 가장 크게 나타났고, 여자의 경우는 카리스마가 직무만족에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것이 가장 크게 나타났다. 그래서 변혁적 리더십이 직무만족에 미치는 영향에서 성별에 따른 조절효과가 있는 것으로 분석 되었다. 이는 제과점 오너 쉐프의 변혁적 리더십은 남녀에 따라서 직무만족에 미치는 영향의 강도가 다르다는 것을 의미하고 있다. 따라서 제과점 오너 쉐프들의 카리스마가 성별에 따라서 직무만족의 강도를 달리한다는 사실을 인지하고 있다는 시사점을 제시하고 있다.

In this study, we targeted workers of Busan area self-employed bakery shop (more than 50 companies including B, L, O, C, M etc.)and The innovative leadership tested the effect of gender adjustment on job satisfaction and the impact on job performance. To objectives of the study, we used the statistical program SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 to analyze frequency analysis, factor and reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and hypothesis test for 240 subjects, We conducted a test of the structural equation model. According to the analysis results, firstly, the characteristics of the sample of the chefs at the owner's bakery were higher for females than for men, and the age was the highest at 20-25 years old. Graduates of professional colleges had the highest level of education and the number of careers is 66.4% for less than 1∼5 years. The proportion of flat employees occupied about half of the job classes. Secondly, charisma, individual consideration, intellectual stimulus, which is a sub-factor of innovative leadership in hypothesis testing, were all adopted to show a positive (+) influence relation to each job satisfaction. The gender of the adjustment effect of job satisfaction was analyzed to have a moderating effect on the job performance. Third, in the adjustment effect according to gender, individual care has the greatest effect on job satisfaction in male, and charisma has the greatest effect on job satisfaction in female. It was analyzed that there is an effect of adjustment by gender due to the influence of innovative leadership on job satisfaction. This implies that the Innovative leadership of owner bakery chef has different effect of influence on job satisfaction by men and women. Therefore, it is suggested that the charisma of baker's owner chefs recognize is aware of the fact that it is different from the strength of job satisfaction depending on gender.

Professor’s role is one of various ways to improve students' academic achievement. Professors can be role models for students, motivate them to achieve higher performance, and have various influences on them. Therefore, depending on professor's role, students' attitudes and behaviors may be different, and their academic achievements may also be different. In this regard, this research focused on the intellectual growth that can be regarded as Chinese students' academic achievement. Thus, the importance of professor's intellectual stimulation behavior was emphasized and it was clarified as a way to improve the intellectual growth. Furthermore, students with a higher level of growth need strength, they are more likely to have higher intellectual growth because they put a premium on their self-growth. In order to increase the influence of professor's intellectual stimulation, we focused on the student's growth need strength. Thus, this research examined the moderating effect of growth need strength between intellectual stimulation and intellectual growth. The results showed that intellectual stimulation improved intellectual growth. In addition, growth need strength positively moderated the relationship between intellectual stimulation and intellectual growth. Therefore, it suggested the implications that professors should behave appropriate behavior according to students’ personal characteristics.

This study investigated the impact of leader's intellectual stimulation on employees' absorptive capacity, creative behavior, and task performance. In particular, this study examined employees' absorptive capacity as a mediator in the relationship between leader's intellectual behavior, creative behavior, and task performance, between job innovativeness, creative behavior, and task performance. On the basis of theoretical linkages between the constructs, a conceptual model and hypotheses were established. Empirical data were collected by using a set of questionnaires. This survey was administered to employees working in 20 major firms. 606 samples were used for the analysis. Structural equation modeling(SEM) was used to test the hypothesized relationships in the conceptual model. This study shows that the proposed model is reasonably fit to the actual data. From these analyses, we can find some significant results and implications. First, the quality of leader's intellectual stimulation does not have directive impact on employees' creative behavior and task performance. Second, job innovativeness has directive impact on employees' creative behavior and task performance. Third, employees' absorptive capacity has mediated effects in the relationship between leader's intellectual behavior, creative behavior, and task performance, between job innovativeness, creative behavior, and task performance.

랑시에르는 엘리트 교육을 받고 노동자 계급에게 세계와 혁명을 설명하는 것을 자신의 활동의 중심에 둔 철학자이다. 그의 스승 알튀세(Louis Althusser)와의 방법론적이고 정치적인 결별에서 보듯이 그는 다른 사상가의 혁명이론에 동의하기보다는 대립각을 세우고 의문을 제시해왔다. 그는 “말하기와 힘의 장소들을 새롭게 배치하는 일”에 관심을 가지고 있다. 하지만 그가 내세우는 새로운 관점이 실제로 시대와 노동자의 문제를 보다 합리적으로 파악하고 효과적으로 개선하는 성숙한 관점인지에 대해서는 논쟁의 여지가 있어 보인다. 본고에서는 랑시에르의 층위가 다른 저술들을 그 내재적 연관성과 정합성을 상정하고 독해하여 그의 정치철학의 외연과 그것의 전략적 구현방법에 대한 그의 탐색을 정리해 본다. 이를 통해 사회변혁의 영역에서 그 난해함과 애매함으로 인해 잘 들리지 않고 보이지 않던 랑시에르의 글쓰기가 갖는 가능성과 한계를 가늠해보는 것 또한 본고의 목적이다. 랑시에르가 주장하는 것은 손과 몸을 써서 일하는 노동자와 철학적 관찰자의 평등, 반위계적인 혁명적 사회운동의 주체와 그것을 조직하는 자의 일치인 것으로 보인다. 그는 모두에게 동일한, 자발적 행위와 결단을 특성으로 하는 지성의 평등을 자신의 정치철학의 출발점으로 삼는다. 새로운 사실을 알아야만 하는 어쩔 수 없는 상황과 이것을 타개하려는 의지만으로도 지성의 모험은 충분히 성공적인 길로 들어선다는 그의 확신은 생각하는 존재를 자발적 사고와 결단으로 초대하는 또 다른 계몽의 이야기이기도 하다. 사회에 의해 강제로 행해진 감성의 분할을 전복시키는 주체를 만드는 랑시에르의 작업은 새로운 말과 말의 방식을 둘러싼 지적인 사회운동처럼 보인다. 랑시에르가 정치와 해방을 기획하며 중시하는 “사회의 무분별 속에서도 자기 자신에게 충실하게 남으면서 사회의 무분별에 효과를 낼 수 있는 이성의 삶”은 개인의 차원에서 합리적인 사회를 위해 최대한 노력하자는 계몽의 이야기이다. 그의 지성적 사회운동이 꾀하는 것은 정의롭게 깨어 있으려는 의식 있는 정신의 태도를 고양하는 것일 뿐 전체적인 구조의 변혁을 꾀하는 사회운동의 전략은 아닌 것으로 보인다.

The axis of the French philosopher Jackques Ranciere’s activities is explaining the world and revolution to the working-class people from the standpoint of his elite educational background. As demonstrated by his methodological and philosophical separation from his teacher Louis Althusser, he has raised questions from a diagonally opposite stance rather than going with other philosophers‘ revolutionary theories. His main concern is to “rearrange places of speech and exercise of power”. However, whether the new perspective presented by him is a mature viewpoint contributing to a more rational and effective improvement of the issues of our time and working-class people remains open for debate. This paper seeks to present Ranciere’s multi-layered writings and interpret their interrelatedness and internal consistency and to gain insight into the extensional context of his political philosophy and his efforts towards its strategic implementation. By doing so, this paper aims to explore the possibility and limit of Ranciere’s writings on social reform that have been unheard and unseen thus far under the thick cloak of complexity and ambiguity. What is advocated by Ranciere may be summarized as the equality between a manual worker and a philosophical observer and the oneness of a participant in an anti-hierarchical revolutionary social movement and its organizer. The starting point of his political philosophy is the equality of intelligence characterized by autonomous action and determination given equally to all people. His firm conviction that the situation requiring the understanding of new facts and the will to overcome the situation alone are sufficient for leading an intellectual adventure to success, can be interpreted as another history of enlightenment inviting thinking beings to autonomous thoughts and determinations. Ranciere’s striving towards creating the actors for overthrowing the “partage du sensible” (distribution of the sensible) imposed by society conveys the impression of being an intellectual social movement revolving around new words and modi operandi of words. It is Ranciere’s story of enlightenment encouraging maximum efforts to build a rational society at individual level by living a “rational life that leaves impact on the social indiscretion while being true to oneself amidst the social indiscretion” as advocated by Ranciere’s political philosophy of emancipation. What is intended by his intellectual social movement is the mere encouragement of an alert mental attitude for righteous awareness, not a strategic plan for a social movement striving for overall structural reform.

본 연구의 목적은 청각자극 증가에 따른 지적장애인의 심박수, 손 기능과 건강관련 삶의 질의 변화를분석하는데 있다. 연구대상은 지적장애인 16명이다. 청각자극 중가는 음악의 볼륨을 통해 조절되었고, 60dB, 65dB, 70dB로 자극의 강도를 증가시켜 적용하였다. 청각자극 증가에 따라 Xeno 손목형 심박수와혈압 측정기(LHY Health, Co., China)를 활용하여 심박수를 측정하였다. 손 기능의 측정은 퍼듀 페그보드를 활용하여 손 기능을 측정하였다. 건강관련 삶의질은 Short-form 8 health survey를 활용하여 평가하였다. 연구결과 청각자극 증가에 따라 심박수가 지속적으로 증가하였으며, 손 기능도 지속적으로 감소하였다. 건강관련 살의 질은 청각자극 적용 후 감소하였다. 이에 청각자극 증가에 따른 심막수와 손 기능, 건강관련 삶의 질의 변화가 나타났다. 본 연구결과에의하여, 청각자극 증가는 지적장애인의 심리적 불편감으로 작용하게 되어 심박수를 증가시키며, 손 기능과 건강관련 삶의 질을 감소시키는 데 작용하게 된다. 따라서 지적장애인의 심박수의 감소와 손 기능, 건강관련 삶의 질의 향상을 위해 환경자극에서 청각자극 강도를 고려해야 할 것이다.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the changes of the heart rate, hand function, and health related quality of life of the people with intellectual disability through the increase of the auditory stimulation. The subjects were 16 people with intellectual disability. The increase of the auditory stimulation was modulated through the music sound and the intensity was consisted of 60dB, 65dB and 70dB. The wist heart rate and blood pressure monitor was used to measure the heart rate during the application of the auditory stimulation increase. The hand function of right and left hand was measured by the Purdue pegboard. Health related of quality of life was measured by the short form-8 health survey. As the results, the increase of the heart rate was showed by the increase of the auditory stimulation and the decrease of the hand function and health related quality of life was showed. For these, the increase of the auditory stimulation acts as a psychological distress, thereby the increase of the heart rate and the reduction of the hand function and health relate quality of life showed. Thus, to decrease of the heart rate and increase the hand function and the health related quality of life of the people with intellectual disability, the intensity of the auditory stimulation should be considered in the environmental stimulation.