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This study was conducted to analyze influence which stabilization exercise program of low back pain patient had over lumbar spine muscle activity and to suggest an exercise program for improvement of low back pain and for decrease in pain; it classified 20 women into 2 groups, i.e. a stabilization exercise program group and a self-exercise group. Exercise was done for 6 weeks, 4 times a week, and total 60 minutes. Data processing of this study was made by independent T-test and one-way analysis of variance using SPSS 18.0 statistical program with significance level of α= .05. Conclusion was drawn as follows; First, as for pain awareness, there was significant difference between measurement intervals (p<.05), and response of pain awareness decreased in the stabilization exercise program group. Second, as for left muscle activity of the spine erector muscle, there was significant decrease in the stabilization exercise program group (p<.05). Third, as for right muscle activity of the spine erector muscle, there was significant difference in the stabilization exercise program group (p<.05) before and after exercise. In conclusion, it is believed that lumbar stabilization exercise program can help low back pain patient and therefore, it is required to develop various exercise programs in the future.

A series of experiments have been performed upon 20 of the women with urinary incontinence who are acting as volunteers in 'P' hospital in Pusan area, to observe the effects of the Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise Program using vaginal cone for 8 weeks from May, 2005 to June 2005, and the following conclusions were made. 1. The average age of the people for the experiment was 52.1, all of whom have given births while 90% of them were natural births, and it was shown that women who in the daily life do exercise had slight symptoms of urinary incontinence compared to those who do not exercise, and women who have more than 4 children had more severe urinary incontinence symptoms. 2. After the pelvic floor muscle reinforcing exercise, significant improvements have been made regarding urinary symptoms, sexual functions, comforts in daily life, maximum vaginal pressure, maximum vaginal contraction time compared to before the exercise. 3. As for the degree of vaginal cone instability, it was effectively shown that at the 1st round, tool damage complaint was 55%, insanitation complaint was 20%, and the complaint on tool size and vaginal feeling was 5%, however at the 5th round, tool damage complaint was 25%, insanitation complaint, 0%, and the complaint on tool size and vaginal feeling was 75%. 4. Regarding the inconvenience when exercising using vaginal cone, it was effectively shown that at the 1st round, pelvic floor muscle stiffness, insecure sense of wearing, inconvenience of tool washing, and pain were respectively 20%, 20%, 10%, and 5%, and at the 5th round, inconvenience of tool washing was 95%, and the stiffness of pelvic floor muscle was 5%. As above, the pelvic floor muscle exercise program using vaginal cone is expected to improve and treat the symptoms for stress urinary incontinence, and is thought to be the most suitable treatment and prevention method with an effect of medical cost reduction, unattackableness to patients, and low risk in socio-economic standpoint. In order to effectively raise the effects of pelvic floor muscle reinforcement exercise using vaginal cone later on, more specific researches need to be conducted for the safeness on uses and improvement of inconveniences.

비만 인구가 전 세계적으로 증가하고 있는 가운데 디지털 헬스를 기반한 신체활동 운동 중재 프로그램이 비만에 효과적이라는 것이 국내외 연구를 통해 확인되고 있다. 본 연구는 국내 비만 인구의 디지털 헬스를 기반하여 운동 프로그램 을 제공하였을 때 어떠한 효과가 있는지를 고찰하는 데 목적이 있다. 본 연구에서는 2010년 1월 1일부터 2022년 7월 1일까지 발간된 국내 연구를 검색하였다. 최종 분석 대상으로 최근 2015년 이후 디지털 헬스를 기반한 운동 프로그램으로 선정하였다. 발행 연도, 저자, 운동 프로그램 목표, 총진행 기간, 주요 내용, 대상자, 표본 크기, 사용 도구, 연구 설계, 주기, 효과에 따라 체계적으로 고찰하였고 이를 토대로 유의미한 내용을 도출하였다. 연구 결과로 최종 선정된 연구 중 체중, BMI, 혈액 성분, 체질량 수치, 엉덩이둘레, 허리둘레 등과 같이 실질적 치수를 측정하는 연구들이 많았으며, 삶의 질, 행동 변화 등을 나타내는 연구도 있었다. 전반적으로 체중감소 및 신체 조성의 변화에 효과가 나타났다. 이는 추후 디지털 헬스 기반의 운동 중재 프로그램이 비만 인구에게 긍정적인 효과를 가져올 수 있으며, 앞으로도 체계적이고 심도 있는 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the intervention effect of a digital health-based exercise program on obese Koreans. For this research method, Korea studies published from January 1, 2010 to July 1, 2022 were searched. As a final analysis target, exercise program based on digital health since 2015 was recently selected. For this study, a total of Korean digital health-based exercise program studies were selected for consideration according to publised year, author, title, program goal, overall duration, main content, subject and sample size, medium used, study design, frequency and effectiveness. Among the five studies that were finally selected as a result of this study, many studies measured actual values such as body weight, BMI, blood composition, body mass, hip circumference, and waist circumference, and some studies showed quality of life and behavioral changes. Overall, it was effective for weight loss and changes in body composition. As a result of this study, a digital health-based exercise intervention program can have a positive effect on the obese population in the future, and it is thought that systematic and in-depth research is needed in the future.

본 연구는 성인기의 지적 장애인의 건강관리를 위한 교육프로그램 개발의 목적으로, 16주간의 꾸준한 운동프로 그램과 2주 간격의 총 8회의 영양교육을 통해 체력과 식습관 인식의 변화를 살펴보았다. 본 연구에 참여한 대상자는 경 기도 소지의 장애인보호작업장에 등록되어 있는 성인으로 총 32명이 참여하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 첫째, 16주간의 운동 과 영양교육에 따른 신체구성의 변화는 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 체력의 변화에서 유연성, 근력, 순발력에 통계적으로 유 의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 영양교육을 통해 식습관 인식의 통계적인 유의한 변화가 나타났다. 본 연구는 성인 지적장애인을 대상으로 운동과 영양교육을 적용하는데 있어 16주간이라는 시간이 충분한 교육의 기간 이었다고 생각된다. 또한 장애인을 대상으로 운동과 식습관을 중재할 수 있는 방법은 매우 어려움이 따른다. 이러한 제한 점에도 불구하고 16주간의 운동과 영양교육이 병행된 통합 프로그램으로 장기적이고 체계적으로 실시되었다는데 매우 큰 의미가 있다. 추후, 이러한 통합 프로그램을 원활하게 진행될 있는 현실적인 방안을 위한 연구가 필요하다 생각된다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of physical fitness and eating habit through 16 weeks of exercise program and 8 times of nutrition education every 2 weeks for the purpose of developing education program for the health care of intellectual disabled persons in adulthood. A total of 32 participants were enrolled in the workshop for Sheltered people in Gyeonggi–do. As a result of this study, there was no change of body composition according to exercise and nutrition education for 16 weeks. The changes in physical fitness were found to have statistically significant effects on flexibility, strength, and power. And nutrition education showed statistically significant change of eating habit recognition. This study was thought to be a period of sufficient education for 16 - week exercise and nutrition education for adults intellectual disabilities. Also, it is very difficult to mediate exercise and eating habits for people with disabilities. Despite these limitations, it is very meaningful that 16 weeks of exercise and nutrition education were conducted in a long-term and systematic integrated program. In the future, it seems necessary to conduct research for realistic methods that smoothly progress the integrated program.

본 연구는 퍼블릭 피트니스센터에서 운동 프로그램 참여자의 지각하는 인적서비스 품질, 고객 만족도와 고객 충성도 의 인과효과를 검증하기 위하여 조사연구이다. 설문조사는 연구자가 직접 방문하여 637부의 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료 는 서술통계, 요인분석과 신뢰도분석 그리고 상관분석과 회귀분석을 통하여 인과관계를 검증하였다. 인적서비스 품질과 고객 충성도의 관계를 검증하기 위하여 단계적 중다회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 행동적 요인은 유형성, 공감성, 신뢰성의 모든 요인이 유의미하게 설명하는 것으로 나타났으며, 태도적 요인은 신뢰성, 공감성, 유형성의 순으로 유의미하게 설명하는 것으로 나타 났다. 고객 만족도와 고객 충성도의 관계를 검증하기 위하여 단계적 중다회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 행동적 요인은 이용만족과 성과만족의 순으로 유의미하게 설명하는 것으로 나타났으며, 태도적 요인은 성과만족과 이용만족의 순으로 유의미하게 설명 하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 피트니스센터의 지속가능한 수익과 매출액 증가를 위한 인적서비스품질에 관심을 두고 이 에 따른 고객만족과 충성도의 관계를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 통해 피트니스산업 발전의 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다.

This study conducted a survey to examine the causal relationships between perceived human service quality, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty among participants in exercise programs at public fitness centers. A total of 637 responses were collected, and the causal relationships were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The following results were obtained First, in the relationship between human service quality and customer loyalty, the behavioral factor was significantly influenced by all dimensions of tangibility, empathy, and reliability. The attitudinal factor was significantly influenced in the following order: reliability, empathy, and tangibility. Second, in the relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty, the behavioral factor was significantly influenced by use satisfaction and performance satisfaction, with use satisfaction having the greater effect. The attitudinal factor was significantly influenced by performance satisfaction and use satisfaction, in that order.

이 연구는 체계적 문헌고찰을 통해 국내 요양원의 노인 운동 프로그램의 효과를 분석하여 임상현장에서 심신기능 을 향상시키기 위한 운동 프로그램을 효율적으로 운영할 수 있는 통합적인 근거를 마련하는 것을 목적으로 수행되었다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 국내 전자데이터베이스를 사용하여 노인장기요양보험제도가 시행된 2008년부터 2022년 까지의 문헌을 검색하였고 정제과정을 통해 최종문헌을 선정하였다. 선정된 최종문헌을 바탕으로 범주화를 한 결과는 '신체조성', '운동기능', '인지기능', '정서기능'으로 분류되었고 이를 통해 내린 결론은 첫째, 시설노인을 대상으로 수행된 연구는 노인의 운동기능의 효과검증에 대한 연구가 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 운동 프로그램이 적용된 시설노인은 치매환자가 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 선행연구에서 적용된 운동 프로그램은 시설노인의 특성을 제대로 반영하지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 노인장기요양보험제도와 운동 프로그램 간의 당위성을 확보한 연구가 미흡한 것으로 나타났 다. 따라서 이 연구는 증가하는 시설노인에 따라 추후에 다양한 운동 프로그램을 개발하여 제공하는데 초석을 다지는 시도로써 후속 연구의 기초자료를 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of exercise programs for the elderly in domestic nursing homes through systematic literature review, and to prepare an integrated basis for efficiently operating exercise programs to improve mental and physical functions in clinical settings. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, the literature from 2008 to 2022, when the long-term care insurance system for the elderly was implemented, was searched using a domestic electronic database, and the final literature was selected through a refining process. The results of categorization based on the selected final literature were classified into 'body composition', 'motor function', 'cognitive function', and 'emotional function'. It was found that the most studies on the effect verification of motor function in the elderly were found. Second, the elderly in facilities to which the exercise program was applied had the most dementia patients. Third, it was found that the exercise program applied in the preceding study did not properly reflect the characteristics of the elderly in the facility. Fourth, it was found that there were insufficient studies to secure the justification between the long-term care insurance system for the elderly and the exercise program. Therefore, this study can provide basic data for follow-up research as an attempt to lay the foundation for developing and providing various exercise programs in the future according to the increasing number of elderly in facilities.

Objective To assess the effect of combined hospital and home-based exercise programs on functional capacity and quality of life (QoL) among uncorrected atrial septal defect-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (ASD-PAH) patients. Methods This study was a randomized controlled trial with uncorrected ASD-PAH patients as the subjects. They were allocated randomly into control and exercise groups. Exercise group subjects performed hospital and home-based exercise programs, completing baseline 6-minute walking test (6MWT) and EQ-5D-3L QoL test (Utility Index and EQ-VAS scores), and were followed up for 12 weeks. The primary outcomes were 6MWT distance and EQ-5D-3L score at week 12. The N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level was also assessed. A repeated-measure ANOVA was performed to detect endpoint differences over time. Results The exercise group contained 20 subjects and control group contained 19. In total, 19 exercise group subjects and 16 control group subjects completed the protocol. The 6MWT distance, Utility Index score, and EQ-VAS score incrementally improved significantly in the exercise group from baseline until week 12, with mean differences of 76.7 m (p<0.001), 0.137 (p<0.001) and 15.5 (p<0.001), respectively. Compared with the control group, the exercise group had significantly increased 6MWT distance and utility index score at week 12. The EQ-VAS score increased in the exercise group at week 12. The NTproBNP level decreased at week 12 in the exercise group. Conclusion Combined hospital and home-based exercise program added to PAH-targeted therapy, improving functional capacity and QoL in uncorrected ASD-PAH patients.

ABSTRACT Background Sprengel’s deformity is a malpositioning anomaly characterized by dysplasia and elevation of the scapula. After Sprengel’s deformity corrective surgery, an abnormal scapulohumeral rhythm can be generated because of relative stiffness. An elaborate corrective exercise program is needed to prevent the recurrence of the deformity and maintain the effect of the surgery. Study design A single-subject case study. Observations The scapular elevation height and scapular upward rotation angle were measured to confirm the scapulohumeral rhythm during 80° shoulder abduction using am electromagnetic system in an 8-y-old girl who had undergone Sprengel’s deformity corrective surgery 3 y earlier. Shoulder abductor strength were measured using a Smart KEMA strength measurement system, with and without restricted scapular elevation. An elaborate corrective exercise program, including five types of exercises, was prescribed for 6 wk. The child’s parents were instructed to ensure that scapular elevation was restricted during the exercises. Scapular elevation and upward rotation were measured pre, 2, 4, and 6 wk after an elaborate corrective exercise program. Scapular elevation and upward rotation during 80° shoulder abduction were significantly decreased, and shoulder abductor strength with restricted scapular elevation was significantly increased 6 wk after the elaborate corrective exercise program. Conclusions After Sprengel’s deformity corrective surgery, an elaborate corrective exercise program is necessary to enable control of scapular elevation during humeral elevation.

Objective: To examine the effect of the telerehabilitation program on sleep quality and fatigue level in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) was aimed in this study. MS is a demyelinating disease defined by various signs and symptoms that affects physical, emotional, social, and cognitive functioning. Fatigue, depression, sleep disturbance and cognitive impairment are the among common symptoms of MS.Methods: The study implemented an individual exercise program for twice a week for 12 weeks via telerehabilitation. In the home-based video exercise group, the same exercises were given as video recordings and the patients were asked to do the exercises twice a week for 12 weeks. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life Scale-54 and Timed 25 Foot Walk Test were used in the evaluation. The trial is registered with the number of NCT04979845 on ClinicalTrials.gov.Results: PSQI scores changed from 5.6 (2.1) to 3.66 (2.09) in telerehabilitation group (p=0.03) while no significant change were seen in the video exercise group. Similarly FSS scores decreased from 4.37 (1.42) to 3.67 (1.68) in telerehabilitation group (p=0.04) while no significant changes were seen in the video based exercise group.Conclusion: The telerehabilitation program is thought to be an effective and accessible non-pharmacological application that can be used in the treatment of sleep quality and fatigue in individuals with MS.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of a public health center-based aerobic and resistance training program for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with visual, auditory, or physical/brain impairments. Methods The study included 25 adults aged >40 years who lived in Cheorwon-gun in South Korea, had a disability registered for visual, auditory, or physical/brain impairments under the Disability Welfare Act, and had either known cardiovascular disease or two or more risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The program comprised four education sessions and 12 weeks of customized aerobic and strengthening exercises performed twice a week at moderate intensity, with each exercise session lasting for 1 hour. The body mass index (BMI), percent body fat, 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), and 30-second sit-to-stand test results were measured at baseline and on program completion. Results Seventeen subjects (68%) completed the program. There were significant decreases in BMI and percent body fat (both p<0.05), with a significant increase in 30-second sit-to-stand strength (p<0.05) but no changes in the 6MWD. In subjects with visual or auditory impairments, BMI and percent body fat were significantly decreased after the program; however, there was no significant change in the results of the 30-second sit-to-stand strength test or the 6MWD. Conclusion In people with disabilities, a 3-month community-based exercise program can decrease body mass index and percent body fat and increase sit-to-stand strength. The 30-second sit-to-stand test may be a useful measure of the strength and endurance of the lower extremities in people with disabilities.

Objective To examine the effects of a bedside exercise program on the recovery of swallowing after a stroke.Method Fifty stroke patients with dysphagia (<6 months post-stroke) were enrolled and classified into two groups, the experimental (25 subjects) and control groups (25 subjects). The control group was treated with conventional swallowing therapy. The experimental group received additional bedside exercise training, which consisted of oral, pharyngeal, laryngeal, and respiratory exercises, 1 hour per day for 2 months, and they were instructed regarding this program through the nursing intervention. All patients were assessed for their swallowing function by Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study (VFSS), using the New VFSS scale, the level of functional oral intake, the frequency of dysphagia complications, the presence (or not) of tube feeding, the mood state and quality of life before the treatment and at 2 months after the treatment.Results After 2 months of treatment, the experimental group showed a significant improvement in the swallowing function at the oral phase in the New VFSS Scale than that of the control group (p<0.05). Further, they also showed less depressive mood and better quality of life than the control group. However, there was no significant change in the incidence of dysphagia complication and the presence (or not) of tube feeding between the two groups.Conclusion Bedside exercise program showed an improvement of swallowing function and exhibited a positive secondary effect, such as mood state and quality of life, on subacute stroke patients with dysphagia. For improvement of rehabilitation results on subacute stroke patients with dysphagia, this study suggests that additional intensive bedside exercise would be necessary.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of advanced practice nurseeguided home-based rehabilitation exercise program (HREPro) among patients with lower limb spasticity post-stroke. Methods: This randomized controlled study recruited 121 patients with lower limb spasticity poststroke. Intervention (n = 59) and control (n = 62) groups underwent 12-month HREPro and conventional rehabilitation, respectively, after discharge. The FugleMeyer assessment of spasticity measurement, modified Ashworth scale of motor function, 10-Meter Walk Test of walking ability, and Barthel index of activities of daily living (ADL) were evaluated at 0, 3, 6, and 12 months after discharge. Results: Significant differences were found in spasticity degree, motor function, walking ability, and ADL at 6 and 12 months after discharge between the control and intervention groups. Lower limb spasticity and ADL in the intervention group were significantly improved. Conclusion: HREPro is effective for rehabilitation of patients with lower limb spasticity post-stroke and has favorable home application.

Objective To investigate the eff ect of self exercise in cardiac rehabilitation on cardiopulmonary exercise capacity for selected patients with coronary artery disease. Method The subjects of this study were patients who received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and who participated in a cardiac rehabilitation program. The supervised exercise group participated in 6-8 weeks of aerobic exercise training with telemetry ECG monitoring in hospital. Th e self exercise group, whose exercise risk was low, was instructed to participiate in self exercise training in a community exercise environment according to the exercise tolerance test (ETT) using a modified Bruce protocol. Both groups underwent ETTs before and 6 months after initiation of the cardiac rehabilitation program. We compared the supervised group with the self exercise groups on exercise capacity. Results After 6 months, the supervised exercise group showed significant changes in maximum oxygen consumption, maximal heart rate, resting heart rate, and submaximal rate pressure product. The self exercise group also showed significant improvement of maximum oxygen consumption and submaximal rate pressure product. However, the changing rate of maximum oxygen consumption was signifi cantly higher in the supervised exercise group than the self exercise group. Conclusion Both the supervised and self exercise groups showed similar improvement of cardiopulmonary exercise capacity after 6 months’ participation in the cardiac rehabilitation program. However, the changing rate of maximum oxygen consumption, maximal heart rate, and resting heart rate were significantly higher in the supervised exercise group than the self exercise group.

Background: Prolonged sitting, low physical activity, and trunk muscle weakness in university students increase the risk of low back pain (LBP), which can alter gait and lower-limb muscle activation. Purpose: To investigate the effects of a 4-week trunk stabilization exercise program on spatiotemporal gait parameters, lower-limb muscle activation, and functional disability in university students with LBP. Study design: Single-group pre-post intervention study. Methods: Twenty-seven university students with LBP performed 16 trunk stabilization exercises once daily for 40 minutes, 5 days per week, for 4 weeks. Gait was assessed using a pressure-sensing walkway to obtain stance phase, single-limb stance, and stride length. Surface electromyography recorded activation of six lower-limb muscles during gait and was normalized to maximum voluntary isometric contraction. Functional disability was evaluated using the Korean version of the Oswestry Disability Index (K-ODI). Pre-post differences were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Stance phase duration significantly decreased, whereas single-limb stance and stride length significantly increased (p<.01). Soleus and biceps femoris activity increased (p<.01), while rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, and popliteus activity decreased (p<.05); gastrocnemius showed a non-significant increase. K-ODI scores decreased from 29.40+/-5.60 to 23.62+/-5.01 (p<.01). Conclusions: A 4-week trunk stabilization program improved gait efficiency, reorganized lower-limb neuromuscular activation, and reduced functional disability in young adults with LBP. Trunk stabilization may be used as a practical, non-invasive intervention in university populations.

Purpose: The present study was to examine the effect of a meditation-based exercise program on the motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson﹑s disease (PD). Methods: Sixty three PD patients who were recruited from a university hospital were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n 食 33) and to the control group (n 食 30). Participants completed an 8-week Mindfulness Meditation-based Complex Exercise Program (MMBCEP) that included 6 sessions. Before and after the intervention, the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), elastic band pull, chair stand test, and 2.45-meter walk test were administered for the motor symptoms and the Korean Version of Geriatric Depression Scale, The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Korean-Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Parkinson﹑s Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS), Activities of Daily Living (ADL), and the Quality of Life of Patients with Parkinson's Disease (PDQL) were administered for non-motor symptoms. Results: Significant improvements in the motor symptoms (i.e., muscle strength (lower and upper extremity), balance, and muscle endurance) and in the non-motor symptoms (i.e., anxiety, depression, cognitive functions, sleep disturbance, quality of life, and activities of daily living) were observed. Conclusions: MMBCEP, a complex exercise program-based on mindfulness meditation, is associated with increased motor symptoms, decreased emotional disturbances (anxiety and depression) and sleep disturbance, and improved cognitive functions, quality of life, and activities of daily living. Future research should test the effects of MMBCEP with more representative PD patients.

Objective To determine correlation of the Korean version of Falls Efficacy Scale-International (KFES-I) with other gait and balance parameters through exercise program in older men. Methods Between July 2015 and April 2018, 50 men of 103 participants in an exercise program for preventing falls who aged over 60 years, completed the evaluation before and after the program, had fear of falling (FOF), and could walk independently as an outpatient were enrolled retrospectively. The program comprised lower extremities and core muscle strengthening exercises following stretching exercises twice a week for 8 weeks. FOF using the KFES-I, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), stair up and gait categories in MBI (MBI-gait), and Timed Up and Go test (TUG) were evaluated. Quantitative gait and balance parameters were measured by gait analysis, posturography, and isokinetic dynamometer. They were compared before and after the program. Moreover, correlations of KFES-I with other parameters were examined. Results Fifty participants were enrolled. After the program, significant improvements were noted in right stride length (p=0.013) in gait analysis, MBI (p=0.012), BBS (p<0.000), TUG test (p<0.000), and KFES-I (p<0.000) scores. KFES-I was significantly correlated with MBI (r=-0.35, p=0.013), and MBI-gait (r=-0.341, p=0.015). Conclusion Risk of falls could be significantly improved through exercise. KFES-I had significant correlations with MBI-gait parameters. Participants showed increases in gait and balancing ability on quantitative measurements through exercises. Therefore, regular stretching, strengthening, and balancing exercises may help prevent falls in older people.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of community capacity building exercise maintenance program for frail elderly women. Methods: A quasiexperimental pretest-posttest design was used with nonequivalent control group. The experimental group (n = 22) received community capacity building exercise maintenance program, whereas the control group (n = 23) received health physical exercise program for 16 sessions over 8 weeks. The data of physical fitness, body compositions, self-efficacy, and health-related quality of life were collected three times for both group: before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and 8 weeks after the intervention. Analyses were conducted using c2 test, t test, Fisher's exact test, and repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: Compared to the control group, muscular strength (p = .002), static balance (p = .013), muscular endurance (p = .003), self-efficacy (p < .001), and health-related quality of life (p = .030) were significantly improved in the experimental group. In addition, body fat percentage (p = .005) in this group was significantly decreased after the community capacity building exercise maintenance program. Conclusion: Theses results indicated that a community capacity building exercise maintenance program is feasible, and associated with exercise maintenance among frail elderly women.

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Authors. The article is a duplicate of a paper that has already been published as “Development and Effects of a Community Capacity Builded Exercise Maintenance Program for Frail Elderly Women at High Risk” (Year: 2016, Department of public health, Graduate school, Kyungpook National University). http://www.riss.kr/search/detail/DetailView.do?p_mat_type=be54d9b8bc7cdb09&control_no=ba62bd6f85b4c3a6ffe0bdc3ef48d419#redirect. One of the conditions of submission of a paper for publication is that authors declare explicitly that the paper is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. As such this article represents a severe abuse of the scientific publishing system. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process.

Purpose Increased fibrinogen levels may trigger cardiac events in patients with atherosclerosis. Early control of fibrinogen levels before the progression of atherosclerosis that occurs with aging and menopause may benefit women, but the effects of exercise on fibrinogen levels as a preventive value have not been examined in early to middle adulthood women with lack of regular exercise. The present study aims to identify the effect of an off-site walking-based exercise program on fibrinogen levels in such women. Methods A prospective, 12-week, randomized and controlled study was used. Fifty-two women aged 32 to 57 years who did not exercise regularly or exercised with a weak intensity level were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (IG, n = 26) or a control group (CG, n = 26) for a 12-week study. Exercise energy expenditure (EEE) was measured using a microelectronic device. Fibrinogen levels were assessed using the clotting time method before and after the exercise program. Results The mean change from baseline EEE was 1.17 ± 0.98 kcal/kg/day in IG subjects (n = 24) and 0.46 ± 0.68 kcal/kg/day in CG subjects (n = 25), a 30% difference between groups (p = .01). The mean change in fibrinogen levels was ?8.0 ± 34.5 mg/dl (3% decrease) in IG subjects (n = 24) and ?3.6 ± 40.0 mg/dl (1% decrease) in CG subjects (n = 25). No significant difference in fibrinogen levels was seen between groups (F = 1.179, p = .279). Conclusion EEE increased significantly, but fibrinogen levels did not decrease significantly. The effects of a 12-week off-site walking program on fibrinogen levels were inconclusive. As implications for nursing practice, our findings have suggested fibrinogen levels are not a novel cardiovascular risk factor any more, and provide important information on safe exercise to minimize adverse effects from fibrinogen arising from exercise intensity, especially in women with advanced atherosclerosis when nurses increase exercise intensity levels. Further studies with larger sample sizes in women to confirm the effect of exercise on reducing fibrinogen levels are necessary. [Asian Nursing Research 2008;2(1):35?45]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a Health Mileage Program (EHMP) to promote exercise amongst the elderly and assess the feasibility of the program. Methods: A literature review to identify the effects of exercise in the elderly was conducted. Relevant cases were investigated and in-depth interviews with exercise instructors were conducted, after which the EHMP was developed based on the assessment and tested in three regions. The outcome was evaluated using indicators such as attendance rate, number of participants, proportion of participants who received health education, and proportion of participants who measured their physical and mental status. Results: Based on assessment, we developed an EHMP composed of four steps. Following application of the EHMP in three regions, ≥80% of the participants received incentives. Additionally, ≥85% of participants underwent measurement of their physical and mental status. The proportion of participants who received health education differed among regions. Conclusion: The EHMP program increased participation and interest in exercise programs for the elderly. However, there is concern regarding availability due to regional differences in resources related to elderly exercise; therefore, it will be necessary to invest in infrastructure, including facilities, and knowledgeable instructors.