Earticle

현대 사회에서는 다이어트에 대한 기준이 과거와 달리 체중감량만을 추구하는 것이 아닌 근육량과 체지방량을 맞추기 위한 식단 조절 과 운동이 필요하다고 인식되고 있다. 이를 위해서는 자신의 신체 상태에 대한 인식이 필요하며, 꾸준한 운동을 하는 것이 좋은 방법이 라고 할 수 있다. 하지만 현대인들은 운동하기 어려운 경우가 많다. 이에 대한 대안으로 다이어트 애플리케이션을 사용하는 것이 제시 된다. 그러나 일반적으로 시중에 있는 다이어트 애플리케이션은 사용자가 무엇을 먹어야 하는지나 어떤 습관을 가져야 하는지 등을 제 대로 지도해 주지 못해 사용자들이 당혹스러운 경우가 많다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 이러한 문제를 해결하고자, 사용자가 자신의 체형 을 관리하고 어떤 운동을 해야 하는지에 대한 정보를 더욱 쉽게 얻을 수 있도록 하는 시스템을 개발하였다. 이를 통해 사용자들은 더욱 쉽게 자신의 체형을 관리할 수 있게 될 것으로 기대된다.

In contemporary society, dieting has evolved beyond mere weight loss, emphasizing the importance of achieving a harmonious balance between muscle mass and body fat. Recognizing the need for dietary control and exercise, individuals seek to gain a deeper understanding of their physical well-being. While receiving personal training (PT) at fitness centers is an effective method for systematic body management, many individuals face challenges in accessing such services. As an alternative solution, the utilization of dieting applications has been proposed. However, existing dieting applications often fail to provide comprehensive guidance on nutrition and healthy habits, leaving users perplexed. To address these challenges, this study aims to develop a user-friendly system that empowers individuals to easily access information on body shape management and appropriate exercise routines. The proposed system is anticipated to significantly enhance users' ability to autonomously manage their body shape.

-The Effects of a Low Intensity Excercise Program on Psychosocial Factors of Excercise and Physical Factors in Elderly Women

This study is aimed examining excercise rehabilitation on the role and the forward problem of sport for all through documents study. Sport for all is also related to welfare when it comes to its health welfare and social welfare aspect. Health welfare means a happy life or an sport for all environment for a happy life. excercise rehabilitation is a role for exercise of rehabilitation and exercise through rehabilitation referring to the health welfare of sport for all area. Exercise rehabilitation welfare is included in health welfare its broad meaning. It means social effort for the stability of people's life or medical matters. As a result, there always exists neglected classes on the other side of exercise rehabilitation development. For them, sport for all part of exercise rehabilitation should make and implement a proper policy.

본고는 학부에서 외국어학교교칙을 제정･공포한 1900년도를 전후로 ‘체조과’가 정규 교과과정에 편성되는 과 정과 편성 이후의 하위 학습영역 및 시수 등등 운영상의 변화를 확인하였다. 영어학교에서 ‘체조과’가 정규 교과과정으 로 편성되기 시작한 것은 1900년 6월 27알에 학부에서 기존의 ‘외국어학교관제’를 보완하기 위해 ‘외국어학교규칙’을 제정･공포하면서이다. 1908년 영어학교에서는 총 16개 교과를 운영하였는데, 이 가운데 체조과는 주당 3시수로서 두 번째로 많은 시수를 확보하고 있었으며, 1, 2, 3학년 공통 과목이었다. 하위 학습영역은 보통체조와 병식체조로 구성되 어 있었는데, 이것은 정부에 파견된 일본인 고문들과 영어학교의 설립 및 운영에 주도권을 쥐고 있던 거류민 교사들의 영향에 의한 것이었다. 1909년도에는 영어학교의 체조과 하위 학습영역은 크게 변화했는데, 이는 병식체조의 소멸과 학교체조의 신규 편성으로 특징된다. 이러한 변화는 을사조약 체결 후 1906년 2월에 설치된 통감부의 지휘를 받는 일본 인 주도로, 특히 학정참여관 시데하라 히로시(幣原坦)의 구상을 기초로 이루어진 것인데, 당시 교육구국운동의 전개와 함께 점차 확산되어 가는 병식체조의 영향력을 의식하여 학교체조로 대체했던 것이다.

This paper investigated how the subject of ‘Gymnastics’ was organized in the regular curriculum and changes in its operation around 1990 when the Foreign Language School Rules was enacted and promulgated. As the Foreign Language School Rules was enacted on June 27, 1900, the ‘Gymnastics’ started as a regular curriculum at English schools in order to complement the existing ‘Foreign Language School System’. In 1908, among 16 subjects in total at English Schools, gymnastics procured three hours per week, the second largest in weekly hours, as a common subject from the first to the third grade. Its sub-area of learning consisted of general and military style gymnastics, an influence from Japanese advisors and resident teachers who were in charge of establishment and operation of English Schools. In 1909, the military style gymnastics was replaced by the school gymnastics by the Japanese impact, especially the planning by School Policy Councillor Shidehara Hiroshi, under the Residency-General established in February 1906, because of the widespread impact of educational save-the-nation movement through the military-style gymnastics.

본 연구는 초등 1학년 읽기장애 아동을 대상으로 실시된 읽기․사회성 결합훈련 프로그램의 효과를 검증하기 위한 것이다. 일반초등학교 1학년 아동 중에서 읽기장애검사 결과를 근거로 선별된 12명(남: 7명, 여: 5명)의 읽기장애 아동에게 읽기․사회성 결합훈련 프로그램을 실시하였다. 훈련프로그램 시행 전 1학기 중에 사전준비로서 대상아동에게 자소-음소 대응훈련을 실시하였으며, 2학기에 글의 의미파악과 사회적 상황에서의 문제해결 등의 내용으로 구성된 읽기․사회성 결합훈련 프로그램을 실시하였다. 훈련 결과 사후평가에서 대상 아동의 읽기능력이 향상되었으며, 정상 범주 내였지만 부모 및 교사에 의해 실시된 아동행동평가척도의 내재화와 외현화 행동문제 점수가 유의하게 감소하였다. 아동의 자기보고에서 사회적 유능감 지각이나 성취동기에서는 변화가 나타나지 않았으나 친사회적 행동점수는 유의하게 증가하였다. 이러한 결과를 통해 읽기․사회성 결합훈련 프로그램의 긍정적 효과를 제한적이나마 확인할 수 있었다. 제언에서 훈련참가 대상자 수의 빈약 및 통제집단의 부재 등과 관련된 본 연구의 한계점과 추후연구를 위한 논의를 제시하였다.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of reading excercise combined with social skills training program to the children with reading disorder. Twelve children (7 males and 5 females selected from the 125 first grade children in a elementary school) improved significantly in areas of reading ability and self-rated prosocial behaviors after training program. According to parents or teacher's rating, their problem behavior scores decreased significantly, although scores were in normal range in areas of the subscale of internalization & externalization problems in K-CBCL. This study showed the effects of reading excercise combined with social skills training for RD children. Finally, limitations of this study related with small size of subjects and absence of control group and suggestions for future studies were discussed.

본 연구는 대학 운동선수의 그릿이 운동몰입 및 운동지속의도에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 서울, 충북, 경북지 역의 대학 운동선수를 대상으로 하였다. 조사 대상은 대한체육회에 등록된 선수로 총 304명이 참여하였으며, 이들의 설문 답변을 최종 분석 자료로 활용하였다. 분석에는 SPSS 18.0 통계프로그램을 사용하여 상관관계분석과 다중회귀분석을 실시하였고, 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 첫째, 이 연구에서는 운동몰입과 성별, 용돈, 운동시간 간에 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 또한, 그릿과 운동지속은 운동시간에만 차이가 있음을 발견하였다. 둘째, 대학 운동선수의 그릿은 운동몰입 에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 대학 운동선수의 그릿은 운동지속의도에 중요한 영향을 미친다. 넷째, 대학 운동선수의 운동몰입은 운동지속의도에 중요한 영향을 미친다. 이러한 연구결과에 따르면, 그릿이라는 인내와 열정 의 요소가 운동몰입에 영향을 미치고 이는 운동선수들이 중도 탈락 없이 운동을 계속할 수 있도록 도와준다는 결론을 얻었다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of grit on exercise flow and adherence of exercise of college athletes. A total of 304 survey responses were used as the final analysis data for athletes registered with the Korean Sport Council as college athletes in Seoul, Chungcheongbuk-do Province, and Gyeongsangbuk-do Province. The following results were get through statistical analysis of correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis using the SPSS 18.0 version program. First, exercise flow differed in gender, allowance, and exercise time, and grit and adherence of exercise duration differed only in exercise time. Second, it was found that the grit of college athletes had a significant effect on exercise flow. Third, it was found that the grit of college athletes had a significant effect on the intention to continue exercising. Fourth, it was found that college athletes' exercise flow had a significant effect on their intention to adherence exercising．In order for athletes to continue exercising without dropping out, the variables of patience and passion called grit affect exercise flow, which increase adherence of exercise.

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of exercise program on knowledge and attitude of excercise, and depression in low-income elderly women. Method: The research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were 26 in the experimental group and 22 in the control group among 46 low-income women over age 65. The independent variable is the exercise program, and the dependent variables are knowledge and attitude of excercise and depression. The exercise program was performed for 45-50 minutes, twice a week for 8 weeks. Data was collected from March. 12. to May. 8. 2004. Result: Participants were given a pre-test and post-test for the selected variables. The experimental group reported significant improvements in their knowledge and attitude of excercise and depression scores compared with the control group. Conclusion: The results indicated that the exercise program had the potential to manage low-income elderly women's health promotion. Furthermore, the exercise program can enhance life satisfaction in low-income elderly women.

본 연구의 목적은 퍼스널 트레이너의 변혁적 리더십과 PT만족 및 운동 몰입의 관계를 검증하여 고객의 운동목적 을 효과적으로 달성 할 수 있는 방법을 모색하는데 있다. 연구대상은 퍼스널 트레이닝 스튜디오에서 1개월 이상 퍼스널 트레이닝을 받고 있는 고객 252명을 대상으로 하였다. 자료처리는 IBM SPSS Version 21.0과 AMOS 18.0을 이용하여 분석하였으며, 빈도분석 및 확인적 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 상관분석을 실시하였다. 또한 퍼스널 트레이너의 변혁적 리더 십, PT만족, 운동 몰입간의 인과관계를 확인하기 위하여 구조방정식 모형을 이용한 경로분석을 실시하였고, 변혁적 리더 십과 운동 몰입의 관계에서 PT만족의 매개효과를 확인하기 위하여 매개효과의 유의성을 검정하는 부트스트래핑 방법을 이용하였다. 검증된 연구결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 변혁적 리더십이 PT만족에 유의한 영향을 미친다는 연구결과를 확인 하였다. 둘째, 변혁적 리더십이 운동 몰입에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, PT만족은 운동 몰입에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 넷째, 퍼스널 트레이너의 변혁적 리더십과 운동 몰입의 사이에서 PT만족이 매개효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

The purpose of this study is to find ways to effectively achieve the client's exercise goals by verifying the relationships between personal trainer’s transformational leadership, PT satisfaction and excercise immersion. The subjects of this study were 252 clients who had been undergoing personal training for more than 1 month at the personal training studio. Data processing was analyzed using IBM SPSS Version 21.0 and AMOS 18.0, and frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and correlation analysis were performed. In addition, a path analysis using a structural equation model was conducted to analyze the causal relationships between personal trainer's transformational leadership, PT satisfaction, and exercise immersion, and a bootstrapping method was used to test the statistical significance of the mediating effect of PT satisfaction in the relationship between transformational leadership and exercise immersion. The verified research conclusions are as follows. First, the research results confirm that transformational leadership affects PT satisfaction. Second, transformational leadership had a significant effect on exercise immersion. Third, PT satisfaction was found to have a positive effect on exercise immersion. Fourth, PT satisfaction was found to have a mediating effect between personal trainer's transformational leadership and exercise immersion.

본 연구에서는 실시간 초음파 영상 분석을 통해 세 가지 골반바닥근 수축 운동이 골반바닥근과 배가로근, 배속빗근, 그리고 배바깥빗근의 두께에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 골반바닥근과 몸통 근육들의 근두께는 초음파 영상 장비를 이용하여 안정시, 전통적 골반바닥근 수축[운동 A]시, 엉덩 모음근과 골반바닥근 동시 수축[운동 B]시, 실시간 초음파 영상장비를 이용한 골반바닥근 수축 유도[운동 C])시 측정하였다. 측정 결과, 다른 운동들에 비해 운동 C 수행 시 안정 시 보다 가장 크게 골반바닥근의 두께가 감소하였고(p<.05), 배가로근 역시 다른 운동들에 비해 운동 C 수행 시 안정 시 보다 근두께가 가장 크게 증가하였다(p<.05). 이와 같은 결과를 바탕으로, 본 연구에서 수행한 세 가지 골반바닥근 수축 방법들 중에서 실시간 초음파 영상 장비를 이용하여 골반바닥근 수축을 유도하는 운동 C 방법이 골반바닥근 수축을 통한 여성들의 오줌새기를 개선시킬 수 있는 방법으로 추천될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of three pelvic floor muscle (PFM) exercises on the thickness of PFM and transverse abdominal muscle (TrA), the internal oblique muscle, and the external oblique muscle. The PFM and trunk muscles were measured using ultrasonography in 4 conditions—rest, conventional PFM contraction (Ex A), PFM contraction with hip adductor contraction (Ex B), and PFM contraction with real-time ultrasound imaging (Ex C). The thickness of PFM in Ex C showed a significantly more decrease compared to rest and others (all comparisons, p<.05). The thickness of TrA in Ex C showed a significantly more increase compared to rest and others (all comparisons, p<.05). This study would recommend the use of PFM contraction with real-time ultrasonographic imaging to improve women’s incontinence.

연구는 노인들의 운동프로그램 참여에 따른 건강증진행위가 웰빙 태도 및 효과에 미치는 영향을 규명하므로서 2015년 현재 영동지역(속초, 강릉, 동해, 삼척)소재의 노인복지관련 기관에서 운동프로그램에 참여하는 65세 이상의 노인으로 총 388부가 분석에 활용되었다. 자료처리는 Window용 SPSS 21.0 version을 이용하여 요인분석, 빈도분석, 상관관계 분석 및 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 자료 분석 결과를 토대로 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 노인들의 운동프로그램 참여에 따른 건강증진행위가 웰빙 태도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 노인들의 운동프로그램 참여에 따른 건강증진행위가 웰빙 효과에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 노인들의 운동프로그램 참여에 따른 웰빙 태도가 웰빙 효과에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of health promoting behaviors on elderly people 's participation in exercise program on well - being attitude and effectiveness. A total of 388 elderly people were used for analysis. Data were analyzed by factor analysis, frequency analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 21.0 version for Window. Based on the data analysis, the following conclusions were obtained. First, health promotion behaviors by elderly people 's participation in exercise program had an effect on well - being attitude. Second, the health promotion effect of the elderly participated in the exercise program had an effect on the well - being effect. Third, the well - being attitude of the elderly participated in the exercise program had an effect on the well - being effect.

The purpose of the study was to understand the operation characteristics and performances of exercise rehabilitation programs for adults with disabilities based on community facilities. Two types of exercise rehabilitation program that operated in university and local welfare center for the disabled were selected to carry out the case study. Documents collection, individual in-depth and focus-group interview, and observation were conducted for the date collection, and data analysis was performed depending on method by Downe-Wam-boldt(1992). What these study discovered are as following; First, the operation characteristics of exercise rehabilitation programs were：1) program construction base on the individual motor development stage, 2) development of instructor's professionalism and creativity, 3) complex and cyclical composition of program, 4) securing program accessibility of participants. Second, the main operation performances were：1) health improvements in physical, physiological, psychological, and cognitive-behavioral domains, 2) the necessity and effectiveness verification of exercise rehabilitation program for adults with disabilities and the necessity of development of adapted physical activity experts in the field of exercise rehabilitation for the disabled.

이 연구의 집필 목적은 공공스포츠센터 퍼스널 트레이너의 감성적 리더십이 고객의 지도자 신뢰와 운동몰입에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 연구 논제를 달성하기 위해 2024년 5월부터 6월 까지 서울과 경기도 지역을 중심으로 공공스포츠센터 퍼스널 트레이닝에 참여중인 고객 182명을 대상으로 고객의 지도자 신뢰와 운동몰입에 퍼스널 트레이너 의 감성적 리더십이 미치는 영향력을 검증한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 공공스포츠센터 퍼스널 트레이너의 감성적 리더 십은 고객의 지도자 신뢰에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 공공스포츠센터 퍼스널 트레이너의 감성적 리더십은 고객의 운동몰입에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of emotional leadership of public sports center personal trainers on customer's leadership trust and excercise immersion. To achieve the research topic, 182 customers participating in personal training at public sports centers from May to June 2024, mainly in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The results of verifying the influence of personal trainer's emotional leadership on customer leadership trust and exercise Immersion were as follows. First, the emotional leadership of the public sports center personal trainer was found to have a significant effect on the customer's leadership trust. Second, it was found that the emotional leadership of the public sports center's personal trainer had a significant effect on the customer's exercise immersion

Purpose： The aim of this study is to examine the effect of the phenol compound-cold therapy plus exercise therapy on the carrageenan(CAR)-induced muscle pain. Method：Mice were injected 0.1ml of 2% CAR into the gastrocmemius(GAS) muscle for the induction of muscle pain. After 4 hours from the injection of CAR, the cold therapy with 1% syringic acid was done to GAS muscle. After 2 hours from cold therapy, the exercise therapy such as muscle stretching, climing- and declining-movements was performed three times interval of 10 minutes in each experimental group. After 4, 10 and 24 hours from CAR-induced muscle pain, the measurements of muscle diameter, paw withdrawal latency(PWL) and, tail flick latency(TFL) were carried out. Results：In this study, the thickness of GAS muscle in CAR-induced muscle pain significantly increased compared with control. While, the thickness of GAS muscle adopted cold syringic acid-therapy with exercise-therapy group was significantly decreased than that of CAR-induced muscle pain. In the measurements of PWL and TFL, cold syringic acid-therapy with exercise-therapy group was remarkably increased than CAR-induced muscle pain group in PWL and TFL. All measurements were showed significantly different between the treated-group and the treated-time. Conclusions：From these results, it is suggested that the cold syringic acid-therapy with exercise-therapy such as muscle stretching, climing- and declining-movement was effective in the prevention of CAR-induced muscle pain by the decrease of muscle thickness and the increase of PWL and TFL

Background: The purpose of this study was conducted to investigate the effects of Push-up plus exercise with kinesio taping on the pain and shoulder motor function in patient with shoulder myofacial pain syndrome. Methods: The patients with myofacial pain syndrome were randomly divided 2 groups. kinesio taping group (n=20) was taken physical therapy program and kinesio taping. Push-up plus exercise with taping group (n=22) was taken physical therapy and kinesio taping with Push-up plus exercise. The kinesio taping applied on upper trapezius and levator scapulae. The Push-up plus exercise performed in standing position and qudripad position during 10 seconds on 15 time, 3 set per each positions. We mearsured the pain degree using PPT, VAS, MPSSI and shoulder motor function using CSA before and after experiment. The significant test of PPT, VAS, MPSSI, CSA according to applying the kinesio taping and Push-up plus exercise between groups used ANCOVA. Results: In the result following analysis, there was significance on PPT (F=7.378, p=.016), VAS (F=13.071, p=.031), CSA (F=5.302, p=.026) between kinesio taping group and Push-up plus exercise with tapping group. Then, Push-up plus exercise with kinesio taping group has significance on the PPT, VAS, CSA in patients with myofacial pain syndrome. Conclusions: It may suggest that kinesio taping combined with Push-up plus exercise will be helpful of the pain and shoulder function improvement in the patients with myofacial pain syndrome.

Rippling muscle disease (RMD) is caused by dominant mutations of the caveolin-3 gene (CAV3), and presents with overlapping limb-girdle muscle weakness, elevated creatine kinase (hyper-CKemia), RMD, and distal myopathy. We report a patient with a CAV3 mutation who presented with myalgia, exercise-induced muscle stiffness, hyperCKemia, and percussion-induced rapid muscle contraction and muscle mounding. A familial genetic study revealed the same mutation in two family members, with physical examinations showing that both of them had rippling muscles.

Rippling muscle disease (RMD) is caused by dominant mutations of the caveolin-3 gene (CAV3), and presents with overlapping limb-girdle muscle weakness, elevated creatine kinase (hyperCKemia), RMD, and distal myopathy. We report a patient with a CAV3 mutation who presented with myalgia, exercise-induced muscle stiffness, hyperCKemia, and percussion-induced rapid muscle contraction and muscle mounding. A familial genetic study revealed the same mutation in two family members, with physical examinations showing that both of them had rippling muscles.

Purpose: An exercise program, which was composed of motions simple and easy to follow, was developed and applied to aged women as a way to improve their health conditions. Method: To ascertain the effects of the exercise, which was conducted twice a week and 16 times in total for 8 weeks from September 10 to November 5, 2005 in two experimental groups (31 Persons) and a control group (31 persons), this study conducted quasi-experiments of nonequivalent control group pre-post test design. Data were analyzed using SPSS/PC Win 10.0, the reliability of the measuring tools using Cronbach's alpha, the verification of equivalence for general properties and dependent variables using Chi-square test and t-test, and the verification of hypotheses using t-test and ANCOVA. Results: After the exercise program. the aged women showed profitable evaluation of decisional balance, high feeling of self-efficacy as well as improved subjective awareness of health. Their diastolic blood pressure and total cholesterol were also reduced significantly after the exercise. Conclusion: After the conduct of the exercise program for 8 weeks, aged women showed increased profitable decisional balance, self-efficacy and subjective awareness of health. This suggests that continuous and proper exercise is effective as an intervention for health improvement for the aged as well as the prevention of and recovery from geriatric diseases.

지금 동북아는 불타고 있다.1) 한일간의 역사화해, 독도 분쟁, 일본. 중국 간에 센카뀨 열도 영토분쟁 등 을 둘려 싸고 정치적, 군사적 긴장관계에 있다. 그 중심에 일본 헌법 전문 및 제9조(소위 “평화헌법”)와 일본의 집단적 자위권 행사 문제가 화두가 되고 있다. 일본 평화헌법 제9조는 일본은 육 해. 공군 전력을 갖지 못하며(비무장), 교전권이 없고, 자위권도 안 된다고 명백히 명시하고 있다. 그런데 역사적으로 일본 평화헌법은 1954년 자위대창설과그 무력증강으로 끊임없이 흔들리기 시작했다. 그 후 평화헌법은 다양한 도전을 받곤했다. 특히1972년 월남전이 종식되자 일본의 강한 요청으로미일간 양자차원에서 미일안보조약에 기초하여 1978년 미일 방위협력지침(1978.11.17)2)을 마련하여 제도적으로 흔들리기 시작했다. 이것이 1990년 탈냉전이후 미국의 요청으로 1997년 9월에 新미일방위협력지침으로 개정되고, 국내적으로는그 개정 미일 新방위협력지침을 이행하는 후속국내법인 주변사태법안을 마련하여 일본의 집단적 자위권 행사를 국내외적으로 받쳐줌으로써 일본 평화헌법 제9조의 전수방위 정신이 더욱 심하게 흔들기 시작했다. 그 동안 수차례 국내외정세흐름에 따라 평화헌법 개정을 둘려싸고 일본내에서 호헌론과 개정론이 치열하게 다투었다.3) 지난2013년 10월 들어 아베신조 총리는 노골적으로평화헌법개정을 주장하고, 나아가 이를 집단적자위권 행사에 까지 확대해석 적용할 뜻을 분명히 하였다. 아베신조 총리는 북한의 핵과 위성발사를 국내정치적으로 우경화와 과거 일본 군국주의 부활의 빌미로 이용해 일본 평화헌법 제9조개정과 집단적 자위권 행사를 확대적용의 구실로삼고 있다. 일본은 집단적 자위권 확장과 한반도주변 유사시에 新미일 방위협력지침, 주변사태법에 기초해 미국의 한반도 군사행동 개입을 돕기위해 공해상에서 병참으로써 미군을 도울 수 있다는 것이다. 이는 미군 군사 작전 및 병참 지원과 한반도에 거주하는 일본 국민보호 명분으로한반도에 진입 할 수 있는 개연성이 충분히 있다. 특히 전시작전통제권이 없는 한국은 미군작전지역에서 일본 자위대의 접근을 효과적으로 통제할수가 없다. 이는 지난 36년간 식민지 고통을 겪었고, 1945년 일본 항복이후 70년이 넘은 이 시점에도 식민지배 사죄를 포함한 역사청산이 아직도되지 않은 한일관계의 현 상황에서 우리 국민은매우 분노하고 있다. 더욱 안타까운 일은 한국의우방인 미국정부가 일본의 집단적 자위권과 일본의 군비확장의 주장에 대해에 지지를 표명한 것이다. 지난 2013년 10월 3일 토꾜에서 미국의 국무⋅국방 두 장관과 일본의 외무⋅방위 두 장관이 회동한 2+2(SCC)에서 미국측이 사상 처음으로일본의 ‘집단적 자위권’ 행사와 ‘국방력 강화’를인정하며 환영한다는 성명을 발표했다.4) 동 성명에는 집단적 자위권 행사를 위한 일본 헌법 해석재검토, 국가안전보장회의 설치, 국가안보전략 수립, 방위예산 증액 및 신 방위대강작성 등 아베정권이 추진하는 안보 강화방안들에 대해 “미국은 이러한 노력을 환영하며 일본과 긴밀히 협력해 나갈 의지를 재차 표명했다”는 문안이 포함되어 있다. 역대 일본정부는 ‘국제법에 따라 일본도집단적 자위권이 있지만, 헌법상 행사할 수 없다”는 헌법해석을 고수해왔지만, 아베총리는 2014년7월 1일 각의 결정5)으로 이 헌법해석을 변경, 집단적 자위권을 ...

This article consists four parts : 1) Right of collective self-defense in international law, 2) Its exercise &review concerning Violation possibility of Preamble and Aricle 9 of Japanese constitution(1947), 3) TheGuidelines for U.S.-Japan Defense Cooperation and Its Legal issues concerning Japanese Pacifist Constitution, 4)Evaluation. In as much as the essence of the exercise of the right of self-defense is use of armed force, which mayendanger the international peace and security, that should be subject to some limitations. For an exercise ofarmed force to be justified as self-defense, It should meet, in particular, two most important requirements:necessity and proportionality. On July 1,2014,on the 60th anniversary of establishment of Japan’s Self-defense Forces, Shinzo Abe decidedon the reinterpretation of its constitution to allow its collective self-defense through a cabinet council decision. The current japanese constitution(1947) which is commonly called the pacifist constitution denies the Japanesepeople national forces, the use of force collective self-defense alongside in principle. According the initialinterpretation of constitution by the Japanese government, even a war for ‘individual’ self-defense wasrenounced to dispell the disgrace of a warlike country as confirmed in the National Assembly records. Article 9Clause 2 does not recognize any armaments and right of belligerency, thereby a war to exercise self-defenseand the right of belligerency are renounced. Two Legal instruments for the exercise of the right of self-defense in Japan are The Guidelines forU.S.-Japan Defense Cooperation(1997) and the Situations in Areas surrounding Japan Law(1997) based on thenew revised guidelines in 1997. The defense guidelines set forth general roles for the U.S. military and theSelf- Defense Forces to engage in joint operations. They mainly forcus on the defense of Japan andemergencies in the nearby region, presumably including the Korean Peninsula,though this not stated explicitly. Controversies arose out of its rear area support, which was questioned to be collective self-defense and thusunconstitutional. Japan and the United States released interim report quite recently (October 8, 2014) on revising their bilateraldefense cooperation guidelins by the year’s end, in which they call for more global military cooperationbetween two countries that will benefit the Asia-pacific region and beyond.” The new interim report emphasizethe “global nature” of the Japan-U.S. military alliance. But this means expansion of military role of JapaneseSDF. which could be unconstitutional against the pacifist constitution. It implies that Japan pushes for collectiveself-defense by circumventing the amendment of the Constitution which even Japanese people oppose.