Earticle

NESCR 구조의 정전기 보호소자가 고전압 동작용 I/O 응용을 위해 분석되었다. 기존의 NESCR 표준소자는 매우 낮은 스냅백 홀딩전압을 갖는 전형적인 SCR 특성을 나타내므로 정상적인 동작 동안 래치업 문제를 초래한다. 그러나 본 연구에서 제안하는 CPS및 부분적으로 형성된 P-well 구조를 갖는 NESCR_CPS_PPW 변형소자는 높은 온-저항과 스냅백 홀딩 전압을 나타내어 래치업면역 능력을 향상시킬 수 있었다.

An electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection device, so called, N-type embedded silicon controlled rectifier (NESCR), wasanalyzed for high voltage operating I/O applications. A conventional NESCR standard device shows typical SCR-likecharacteristics with extremely low snapback holding voltage, which may cause latch-up problem during normal operation. However, our modified NESCR_CPS_PPW device with proper junction/channel engineering such as counter pocket source(CPS) and partial P-well structure demonstrates highly latch-up immune current-voltage characteristics with high snapbackholding voltage and on-resistance.

PPS 구조를 갖는 N형 실리콘 제어 정류기 소자에서 부분웰 구조가 정전기 보호 성능에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 종래의 NSCR표준소자는 온-상태 저항, 스냅백 홀딩 전압 및 열적 브레이크다운 전압이 너무 낮아 정전기 보호소자의 필요조건을 만족시키지못해 적용이 어려웠으나, 본 연구에서 제안하는 부분웰 구조를 갖도록 변형 설계된 NSCR-PPS 소자는 안정한 정전기보호 성능을나타내어 고전압 동작용 마이크로 칩의 정전기보호 소자로 적용 가능함을 확인하였다.

Electrostatic Discharge(ESD) protection performance of PPS(PMOS pass structure) embedded N-type silicon controlledrectifier(NSCR_PPS) device with different partial p-well(PPW) structure was discussed for high voltage I/O applications. Aconventional NSCR_PPS standard device shows typical SCR-like characteristics with low on-resistance, low snapbackholding voltage and low thermal breakdown voltage, which may cause latch-up problem during normal operation. However,our proposed NSCR_PPS devices with modified PPW demonstrate the stable ESD protection performance with high latch-upimmunity.

PPS 소자가 삽입된 부분웰 구조의 N형 실리콘 제어 정류기(NSCR_PPS) 소자에서 정전기 보호 성능의 향상을 위한 CPS 이온주입 조건의 최적화에 대해 연구하였다. 종래의 NSCR 표준소자는 on-저항, 스냅백 홀딩 전압 및 열적 브레이크다운 전압이 너무 낮아 정전기 보호소자의 필요조건을 만족시키지 못해 적용이 어려웠으나, 본 연구에서 제안하는 CPS 이온주입과 부분웰 이온주입을 동시에 적용한 변형 설계된 소자의 경우 스냅백 홀딩 전압을 동작전압 이상으로 증가시킬 수 있는 향상된 정전기 보호성능을 나타내어 고전압 동작용 마이크로 칩의 정전기보호 소자로 적용 가능함을 확인하였다

The ESD(electrostatic discharge) protection performance of PPS(PMOS pass structure) embedded N-type silicon controlled rectifier(NSCR_PPS) device with different partial p-well(PPW) structure was discussed for high voltage I/O applications. A conventional NSCR_PPS standard device shows typical SCR-like characteristics with low on-resistance, low snapback holding voltage and low thermal breakdown voltage, which may cause latch-up problem during normal operation. However, our proposed NSCR_PPS devices with modified PPW_PGM(primary gate middle) and optimal CPS(counter pocket source) implant demonstrate the stable ESD protection performance with high latch-up immunity.

오늘날 중소기업의 자동화 및 정보화 설비구축을 보면 과거보다는 높은 발전을 이루고 있다. 그러나 이러한 독립된 설비, 장비, 시스템의 기능을 살려 관리와 경영의 효율을 높이기 위해서는 인력과 비용이 많이 소요되어 운영계획을 포기하거나, 규모를 축소하여 생산성향상에 저해되는 상황이 발생하기도 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 최근에 반도체 기술의 발전으로 임베디드 마이크로프로세서의 개발로 보다 용이하고, 빠르게 시스템을 설계하거나 변경을 할 수 있도록 하드웨어와 소프트웨어의 인터페이스를 구현하였다. 특히, 중소형 제조기업에서 실시간으로 생산정보를 통해 경영에서 필요로 하는 정보를 생성하는 프로세스를 제시하였다.

무인항공기의 정찰 및 정보 수집 능력을 효율적으로 수행하기 위해 장기 체공 능력이 요구된다. 분산 추진 장치는 대형 추진 장치를 복수의 소형 추진 장치들로 대체하여 추력을 얻는 장치이다. 날개의 스팬 길이를 따라 넓게 분포하여 효율이 증가하며, 유동의 흡입을 통해 경계층을 제어하고 출구에서 분사되는 흐름이 항공기에 부착되어 흐르기 때문에 양항비가 증가한다. 본 연구에서는 전익기 융합익기와 분산 추진 장치가 장기 체공 성능을 향상시키는 점에 착안하여 연구를 수행하였다. Eppler 337 에어포일 유닛에 추진 장치의 위치 및 입 출구 가로세로비 변화에 따라 나타나는 공력특성을 분석했다. CFD를 사용하여 공력해석을 수행하였고, 빠른 해석 결과를 얻을 수 있도록 팬 영역에 작동판 이론을 적용하였다. 양항비와 모멘트 비교를 통해 추진 장치의 위치 및 형상을 결정하고자 한다.

UAVs for reconnaissance and intelligence operations require long endurance capability, which demands high efficiency of the propulsion system. The distributed propulsion system(DPS) generates the thrust by replacing a large propulsion system with a number of small propulsion systems. A DPS distributed along the wing span can produce gains in propulsion efficiency by reducing ejection velocity. Also, the ingestion of boundary layers through the distributed DPS inlet and ejecting flow from the outlet can improve the lift to drag ratio of the vehicle. This study investigates the effects of locations and size of the inlet and outlet of the DPS on the blended-wing-body design based on Eppler 337 airfoil, with a CFD tool. The fans in the DPS are modeled as actuator disks for computational efficiency. The best location and aspect ratio of the inlet and outlet are found from lift-to-drag ratio and pitching moment considerations.

Pipe wall thinning in the secondary piping system of a nuclear power plant is currently a major problem that typically affects the safety and reliability of the nuclear power plant directly. Regular in-service inspections are carried out to manage the piping system only during the overhaul. Online thickness monitoring is necessary to avoid abrupt breakage due to wall thinning. To this end, a transducer that can withstand a high-temperature environment and should be installed under the insulation layer. We propose a thin plate type of embedded ultrasonic transducer based on magnetostriction. The transducer was designed and fabricated to measure the thickness of a pipe under a high-temperature condition. A number of experimental results confirmed the validity of the present transducer.

The embedded-type switched boost inverter has the advantage over the Z-source inverter inreducing one capacitor and one inductor. In this paper, the embedded-type switched boost inverter isapplied to cascaded H-bridge topology to create a new cascaded inverter. The DC-link voltage of eachmodule is controlled by individual shoot-through duty cycle to get the same values. As a result, theproposed cascaded system solves the imbalance problem of DC-link voltage in traditional CHB inverters. An improved phase shifted sinusoidal pulse width modulation strategy is shown to control the proposedcascaded five-level inverter. Operating principles, analysis and simulation results are presented.

This paper introduces a 3MW embedded Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator(PMSG) for wind turbine. The generator features 313mm stator inner radius and 974mm stator length. The blade rotor angular velocity is 15.7 rpm and the gear ratio is set to be 92.93. The nominal generator rpm at rated load is about 1459. The number of poles is six and embedded in the generator rotor. Embedded permanent magnet excitation shows higher reliability, and better efficiency. Using the finite element method, electromagnetic and thermal results are simulated by ANSYS and the results are summarized in this report.

In order to prevent thermal bridges in wall-slab joints of structure, embedded thermal bridge breaker have been developed to apply for the reinforcement system of apartment buildings slab of Korea and thermal analysis was performed to confirm the effects of embedded thermal bridge breaker. In the results of performing the analysis in accordance with the insulation material filled hight in embedded thermal bridge breaker, it was exhibited the insulating performance of 80.7%, 82.8% and 84.8% in comparison with the existing thermal bridge breaker when each insulation height were 70 mm, 90 mm and 110 mm respectively. Therefore, proper height of the embedded thermal bridge breaker insulation was 110mm, and it can ensure the structural safety, insulating performance and workability by using insulation height 110 mm.

This paper presents a low frequency 2ω analysis of the embedded-type switched boostinverter. Like other H-bridge inverters, the embedded-type switched boost inverter also has low frequencyharmonic in inductor current and capacitor voltage. The inductor current and capacitor voltage arecalculated including the DC component and low frequency (2ω) component. Operating principles andanalysis are presented. Simulation and experimental results were shown.

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection devices of P-type embedded silicon-controlled rectifier (PESCR) structure were analyzed for high-voltage operating input/output (I/O) applications. Conventional PESCR standard device exhibits typical SCR characteristics with very low-snapback holding voltages, resulting in latch-up problems during normal operation. However, the modified device with the counter pocket source (CPS) surrounding N⁺ source region and partially formed P-well (PPW) structures proposed in this study could improve latch-up immunity by indicating high on-resistance and snapback holding voltage.

Cervical cancer is the most important female gynecological cancer, the second leading cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide and the second most common cancer in Thai women. The major cause of cervical cancer is persistent infection of human papillomavirus (HPV), leading to abnormal epithelial lesions, with progression to precancerous and invasive cancer. This study was conducted to investigate the frequency and type distribution of HPV in Thai women who had abnormal cytology. HPV detection from FFPE confirmed abnormal of high grade cervical intraepithelial lesions were for SPF-10-Innogenic Line Probe Assay. HPV-positivity was detected in 320/355 cases (90.14%) and HPV-negativity in 35/355 (9.86%). HPV-positive was found 147/320 cases (41.4%) of single infection, whereas 173/320 cases (48.7%) showed the multiple HPV infection. The most common seven types were HPV-16, -52, -18, -11, -51, -31 and -33, in that order. HPV 16 and 18, the important oncogenic HPV type, were observed in 64.8% of HSIL cases. Interestingly, a high proportion of multiple infections was found in this study and more than ten types could be detected in one case. Therefore, HPV infection screening program in women is essential, particularly in Thailand. Effective primary and secondary prevention campaigns that reinforce HPV screening for HPV detection and typing may be decrease the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in the future and may lead to significantly improve the quality of life in Thai women.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type I is a common severe autosomal recessive inherited neuromuscular disorder that has been mapped to chromosome 5q11.2-13.3. The survival motor neuron (SMN) gene, a candidate gene, is known to be deleted in 96% of patients with SMA type I. Presently, PCR and single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analyses have been made possible for application to both archival slides and paraffin-embedded tissues. Archival materials represent valuable DNA resources for genetic diagnosis. We applied these methods for the identification of SMN gene of SMA type I in archival specimens for the prenatal diagnosis. In this study, we performed the prenatal diagnosis with chorionic villus sampling (CVS) cells on two women who had experienced neonatal death of SMA type I. DNA extraction was done from archival slide and tissue materials and PEP-PCR was performed using CVS cells. In order to identify common deletion region of SMN and neuronal apoptosis-inhibitory protein (NAIP) genes, cold PCR-SSCP and PCR-restriction site assay were carried out. Case 1 had deletions of the exons 7 and 8, and case 2 had exon 7 only on the telomeric SMN gene. Both cases were found to be normal on NAIP gene. These results were the same for both CVS and archival biopsied specimens. In both cases, the fetuses were, therefore, predicted to be at very high risk of being affected and the pregnancy were terminated. These data clearly demonstrate that archival slide and paraffin-embedded tissues can be a valuable source of DNA when the prenatal genetic diagnosis is needed in case any source for genetic analysis is not readily available due to previous death of the fetus or neonate.

본 연구에서는 PSC 구조물의 프리스트레스를 직접적으로 평가하기 위해 헤테로코어 광섬유를 활용하여 콘크리트의 변형량 계측을 기반으로 하는 새로운 센서모듈을 제안하고 성능실험을 수행하였다. 헤테로코어 광섬유는 전송로의 특정 부분이 구부러지면 광 손실이 발생하며, 곡률의 크기에 따라 광 손실량이 선형적으로 변한다. 센서모듈의 계측 성능과 광섬유의 적용성을 확인하기 위해 센서모듈에 변형을 발생시키며 광섬유를 통과하는 빛을 전력으로 변환하여 측정하였다. 센서모듈을 매립시킨 지름 15cm, 높이 35cm의 원주형 콘크리트 공시체에 최대 변형량 0.5mm을 0.12mm/min의 속도로 발생시키는 동안 광섬유를 통과한 빛은 변형과의 관계에서 0.9333의 선형성을 가지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이번 실험의 결과를 통해 헤테로코어형 광섬유를 활용한 센서모듈을 구조물에 매립하여 콘크리트 압축변형량 계측을 통해 PSC 구조물의 프리스트레스를 직접적으로 평가하는 것이 가능할 것으로 판단되며, 앞으로 진행될 PSC 부분 거더 모델 실험에 적용할 쉬스관 일체형 센서모듈 개발에 유용한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

In this study, in order to directly evaluate the prestress of the PSC structure, a new sensor module based on the measurement of the deformation of concrete was proposed using hetero-core optical fibers and performance tests were performed. In a hetero-core optical fiber, optical loss occurs when a specific part of the transmission path is bent, and the amount of optical loss changes linearly according to the magnitude of the curvature. In order to confirm the measurement performance of the sensor module and the applicability of the optical fiber, the sensor module was deformed and the light passing through the optical fiber was converted into wattage and measured. It can be seen that the light passing through the optical fiber has a linearity of 0.9333 in relation to the deformation while generating the maximum deformation of 0.5 mm at a rate of 0.12 mm/min in a cylindrical concrete specimen with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 35 cm in which the sensor module is embedded. Based on the results of this experiment, it is judged that it is possible to directly evaluate the prestress of a PSC structure by embedding a sensor module using a hetero-core optical fiber in the structure and measuring the compression deformation in concrete. It is judged that it can be used as useful data for the development of a sheath tube integrated sensor module to be applied to be applied to the girder model experiment.

본 연구에서는 시멘트풀 및 모르타르의 초기재령 변형률 거동을 측정할 수 있는 경제적인 매입형 링센서를 고안하였고, 이를 활용하여 시멘트 풀 및 모르타르의 응결시간을 편리하게 측정할 수 있는 방법을 제안하고자 하였다. W/C가 0.30, 0.35, 0.40, 0.45인 배합들에 대하여 실험 연구를 수행하였다. 기존의 비카침과 관입저항침에 의해 측정된 응결시간과 제안된 방법에 의한 응결시간을 비교하였다. 실험결과에 따르면 개발된 링센서는 초기의 팽창거동이 수축거동으로 변화하는 수축의 시작시점을 정확하게 측정할 수 있었다. 또한, 수축 시작 시점을 응결에 대한 합리적인 기준으로 간주할 수 있었으며, 이는 기존 방법의 초결시간과 유사한 것으로 평가되었다.

The present study proposes an economical embedded ring-sensor that can measure a strain behavior of cement paste and mortar in early age. Using the proposed ring-sensor, the experimental method is proposed that can measure the setting time of the cement paste and mortar conveniently. The experimental study has been conducted using the mixtures of which W/C are 0.30, 0.35, 0.40, and 0.45. From the test result, the setting times measured by convectional test methods such as vicat method and penetration resistance method are compared with the setting time proposed by this study. The result reveals that the proposed ring-sensor can effectively measure the early age behavior so that can evaluate the time when the contraction starts. In addition, the contraction starting time can be regarded as a rational setting time, which is similar to the initial setting of convectional test methods.

본 연구에서는 데이터마이닝 기법을 이용하여 네트워크 사용자의 행동 패턴을 분석하는 시스템을 제안하고자 한다. 시스템 구현을 위해 네트워크 탭 장비를 사내 네트워크에 설치하여 패킷을 복제한다. 복제된 패킷은 고속의 메인 메모리DB를 통하여 데이터베이스에 저장된다. 저장된 데이터는 데이터 마이닝 기법을 이용하여 행동패턴을 분석하고 네트워크 관리자에게 실시간 보고한다. 또한 이기종간의 데이터를 공유하기위해 표준의 XML 문서 교환 방식을 적용한다. 행동패턴 분석 시스템은 추후 저가 구현 및 쉬운 설치를 고려하여 임베디드형 셋톱박스 기반을 제안한다.

In this study, we suggest the system to analyze network users’ action patterns by using Data-Mining Technique. We installed Network Tap to implement the analysis system of network action and copied the network packet. The copied packet is stored at the database through MainMemoryDB(MMDB) of the high-speed. The stored data analyze the users’ action patterns by using Data-Mining Technique and then report the results to the network manager on real-time. Also, we applied the standard XML document exchange method to share the data between different systems. We propose this action pattern analysis system operated embedded type of SetToBox to install easily and support low price.

기존의 메모리에서 발생하는 다양한 고장들을 검출하기 위한 기법으로 BIST(Built-in self test)가 있고 고장이 검출되면 Spare를 할당하여수리하는 BIRA(Built-in redundancy analysis)가 있다. 그리고 BIST와 BIRA를 통합한 형태인 BISR(Built-in self repair)를 통해 전체 메모리의 수율을 증가시킬 수 있다. 그러나 이전에 제안된 기법들은 RAM을 위해 제안된 기법으로 RAM의 메모리 구조와 특성이 다른 NAND-형 플래시 메모리에 사용하기에는 NAND-형 플래시 메모리의 고유 고장인 Disturbance를 진단하기 어렵다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 NAND-형 플래시 메모리에서 발생하는 Disturbance 고장을 검출하고 고장의 위치도 진단할 있는 BISD(Built-in self diagnosis)와 고장 블록을 수리할 수 있는 BISR을 제안한다.

BIST(Built-in self test) is to detect various faults of the existing memory and BIRA(Built-in redundancy analysis) is to repair detectedfaults by allotting spare. Also, BISR(Built-in self repair) which integrates BIST with BIRA, can enhance the whole memory’s yield. However, the previous methods were suggested for RAM and are difficult to diagnose disturbance that is NAND-type flash memory’sintrinsic fault when used for the NAND-type flash memory with different characteristics from RAM’s memory structure. Therefore, thispaper suggests a BISD(Built-in self diagnosis) to detect disturbance occurring in the NAND-type flash memory and to diagnose thelocation of fault, and BISR to repair faulty blocks.