Earticle

반도체 산업은 임베디드 소프트웨어를 통해 운영·통제되는 자동화설비를 통해 첨단상품을 생산한다. 반도체를 생산하는 로봇과 각종 설비의 임베디드 소프트웨어 유지보수는 제품의 품질과 신뢰성 제고를 위한 필수적인 과정으로 반도체 장비의 라이프 사이클을 고려할 때 상당히 높은 비중을 차지하는 활동영역이다. 그러나 이 분야에 대한 학술적 관심사는 그리 높지 않는데, 본 연구에서는 반도체 웨이퍼 생산장비를 구동하는 소프트웨어 관련 문제로 보고된 사건을 대상으로 502개의 데이터를 무작위 추출방식으로 수집하여 임베디드 소프트웨어의 유지보수 노력에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 분석해 보았다. 결론으로 실무적인 시사점도 제시하였다.

The semiconductor industry develops and maintains software embedded in computer-controlled tools and facilities, to process and manufacture high-tech products. Upgrading embedded softwares for semiconductor processing robots and machinery is one of the basic activities that must be performed in order to maintain product quality and integrity. Maintenance and enhancement of embedded software consume a major portion of the total life cycle cost of a system. However, the area has been given little attention in the literature. 502 maintenance and enhancement cases, related to embedded softwares in wafer processing machines, were selected at random for analysis. Practical implications are also discussed.

지휘통제체계는 인간의 두뇌와 신경 조직처럼 정보·감시·정찰(ISR)에서 정밀타격체계(PGR)를 연결하는 링커이며 전투력의 중심이다. 미래 한국군의 지휘통제체계 구축시 기술적 문제뿐만 아니라 제도적 문제를 함께 고려해야 한다. 미국 국방부는 지휘 통제체계 개발에 앞서 보안 정책을 수립하고 이를 구체화하여 아키텍처 문서로 정리하며, 이를 토대로 보안 정책의 일관성과 지속을 유지한다. 본 논문에서는 미군의 지휘통제체계 구축시 적용하는 보안 아키텍처를 살펴보고 현행 한국군의 보안 관련 정 책(규정)을 분석하여 미래 지휘통제체계 구축 시 보안 요구사항을 식별한다. 식별된 보안 요구사항을 그룹핑하여 현행 보안 관 련 규정의 분야별 개선사항을 도출하여 제시하고자 한다.

The command control system, like the human brain and nervous system, is a linker that connects the Precision Guided Missile(PGR) in information surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) and is the center of combat power. In establishing the future command and control system, the ROK military should consider not only technical but also institutional issues. The US Department of Defense establishes security policies, refines them, and organizes them into architectural documents prior to the development of the command and control system. This study examines the security architecture applied to the US military command control system and analyzes the current ROK military-related policies (regulations) to identify security requirements for the future control system. By grouping the identified security requirements, this study identifies and presents field-specific enhancements to existing security regulations.

최근 국방부는 무기체계를 사이버보안의 영역에서 무기체계를 포함하였다. 기존 정보화영역에 한정되었던 사이버보안의 대 상에서 확대되고 진화된 개념이 적용되었다. 무기체계는 소프트웨어의 비중이 점차 늘어나고 있고, 사이버위협의 대상임에는 분명하다. 따라서, 사이버보안 측면에서 무기체계 수명주기간 문제점을 진단하여 무기체계 사이버보안 발전방향을 제시하고자 한다. 무기체계 사이버보안 발전을 위해서는 무기체계 소프트웨어 관리제도를 포함하여 종합적인 정책수립이 이루어져야 하 고, 이와 관련된 이해관계자들의 적극적인 참여가 필요하다.

Recently, the Ministry of National Defense has included embedded software for weapon systems as targets for the Defense cyber security. The Concept has been extended and evolved from the cyber security area that was previously limited to the information domain. The software is becoming increasingly important in weapon systems, and it is clear that they are subject to cyber threats. Therefore, We would like to suggest a improvement direction by diagnosing problems in terms of cyber security of the weapon systems for the life cycle. In order to improve cyber security of weapon systems, comprehensive policy including the weapon embedded software management should be established and the involved stakeholder should be participated in the activities.

In recent years, embedded systems have become so complex and the development time to market is required to be shorter than before. As embedded systems include more functions for new services, embedded software gradually grow in size, and development costs and time are increasing. In order to overcome this serious matter, we need a customized design and test technique for embedded software. In this paper, we present a software architecture style for embedded software. It facilitates the composition of reusable functions and helps developers to reduce development time. Because the costs associated with revealing errors of embedded software in applications are rising. we propose a test method and tools for target environments.

자동차, 의료기기, 무기체계와 같은 다양한 임베디드 소프트웨어 산업에서는 컴포넌트 기반 기술들이 적용되고 있 다. 임베디드 소프트웨어를 개발하기 위해 다양한 컴포넌트 기반 개발 방법론이 제안되고 있지만 컴포넌트를 식별하 기 위한 명확한 기준이나 방법이 부족하여 개발자들이 설계 과정에서 여전히 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서 는 컴포넌트 기반 임베디드 소프트웨어 설계를 위해 구조적 피처를 기반으로 컴포넌트를 식별하고 컴포넌트 간의 인 터페이스를 정의하는 컴포넌트 기반 임베디드 소프트웨어 아키텍처 설계 프로세스를 제안한다. 제안 방법은 컴포넌 트 기반 개발 프로세스 중 컴포넌트 식별 단계에 중점을 두며, 소프트웨어 기능 요구사항과 하드웨어 요소에 대한 정보를 고려하여 구조적 피처를 분석하고, 구조적 피처 분석 결과를 컴포넌트 기반 아키텍처 설계에 반영하여 컴포 넌트 기반 아키텍처를 도출하는 프로세스를 제시한다. 마지막으로 제안한 프로세스를 적용한 사례 연구를 통해 컴포 넌트 식별 단계에서 컴포넌트를 식별하고 인터페이스를 정의한 결과를 보여줌으로써 구조적 피처를 기반으로 한 방 법의 타당성을 입증한다.

Component-based technologies are being applied in various embedded software industries such as automotive, medical devices, and defense systems. While diverse component-based development methodologies are being proposed for embedded software development, there remains a lack of clear criteria or methods to identify components, leading developers to face challenges during the design process. In this regard, this paper proposes a component-based embedded software architecture design process that identifies components based on structured features and defines interfaces between components. The proposed approach places emphasis on the component identification phase within the component-based development process, analyzing structured features considering software functional requirements and hardware elements. The analysis results of structured features are incorporated into the design of component-based architecture, aiming to derive the actual architecture. Finally, through a case study applying the proposed process, the paper demonstrates the feasibility of the feature-based method by showcasing results of identifying components and defining interfaces during the component identification phase.

최근에 임베디드 환경은 하드웨어의 비약적인 발전과 다양한 전자 제품에서의 소프트웨어 제어로 인하여 소프트웨어 분야에서 많은 변화를 겪고 있다. 이러한 환경적 변화로 인한 요구사항의 증가는 임베디드 소프트웨어의 복잡도를 높여왔고 이는 기존 개발방법의 한계를 보여주었다. 모델 기반의 개발방법은 이미 오래전 제기되었던 범용소프트웨어 개발에서 발생했던 한계의 해결을 위하여 제시되고 지금까지 사용되어온 방법으로서 임베디드 환경에 닥친 한계의 극복을 위한 대안 중 하나로 꼽히고 있다. 이 논문에서는 이 모델 기반 개발 방법론을 임베디드 소프트웨어 적용하기 위한 모델 기반의 다이어그램 편집기와 이로부터 작성된 모델을 이용하여 자동적으로 코드를 생성하는 코드 자동생성기를 제안한다. 모델 정의에 사용된 다이어그램 편집기는 GMF를 이용하여 구현하며, 코드 자동생성기에는 임베디드 환경의 특징인 제한된 메모리와 동시적 병행성 문제를 해결하기 위한 코드 생성 기법을 추가한다. 아울러 생성된 코드의 검증을 위하여 기존의 코드를 대체하여 수행하는 방법을 사용한다.

Recently, embedded environment suffers a huge change, by growth of hardware and turning to be software-controlled. This has improved embedded software complexity. It also brought us the limit of the old development way to resolve the problem. Model-driven development is one solution to solve the limit common software development by previous way, and it became a one uses for embedded environment also. In this paper, we propose model based development approach for embedded software, witch consists of diagram editor and automatic code generator. The diagram editors are implemented by GMF, which include additional functions to solve memory restrictions and concurrent execution problems without OS environment to a automatic code generator. In order to verify the generated code, it will be tested in main control model of UAV by replacing existing module with generated one.

리팩토링은 기존 레거시 코드에 대한 품질을 확보하기 위한 공학적 기술로서, 프로그램의 기능은 변하지 않으면서 내부 구조를 개선하는 작업이다. 다양한 오픈 소스 소프트웨어가 재사용되면서, 기술적 이유 또는 시장 요구로 인하여 프로그래밍 언어 변환을 통한 소스 코드 재사용이 점진적으로 요구되고 있다. 이러한 상황에서 에너지 효율성을 고려하는 언어 변환 리팩토링 기법은 임베디드 소프트웨어 개발의 생산성은 물론 품질 향상을 위한 중요한 수단으로 여겨지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존에 제시된 에너지 절감형 리팩토링 기법에 추가하여 프로그래밍 언어의 문법 및 구조의 비교와 매핑을 통해 다른 언어로 변환하는 코드 리팩토링 기법을 제시하였다. 제안하는 리팩토링 기법의 활용은 소프트웨어 개발 언어의 환경 변화에 대처하고, 기존 코드의 재사용을 높임으로써 신속한 소프트웨어 개발 및 품질 향상을 통한 제품의 경쟁력 향상을 기대할 수 있다.

Refactoring is an engineering technique for securing the quality of existing legacy code, improving the internal structure without changing the functionality of the software. Along with the reuse of open source software, reuse of source code through programming language conversion is increasingly required due to technical or market requirements. In this situation, the refactoring technique including language conversion as well as energy efficiency is considered to be an important means for improving the productivity and the quality of embedded software development. This paper proposes a code refactoring technique that converts the grammar and structure of a programming language into those of a different language through comparison and mapping, in addition to the existing energy efficient refactoring technique. The use of the proposed refactoring technique can expect to improve the competitiveness of the product through rapid software development and quality improvement by coping with the environment change of the software development language and enhancing the reuse of the existing code.

산업용 시스템과 군용 무기체계에서 사용되는 임베디드 시스템들은 높은 신뢰성을 요구하며, 탑재 소프트웨어의 비중이 높아지면서 소프트웨어 품질확보를 위한 테스트의 중요성이 강화되고 있다. 임베디드 소프트웨어에 대한 테스트는 하드웨어와 소프트웨어의 결합력이 매우 높다는 특성 때문에 통합 테스트를 통해 검증되어야 한다. 기존의 통합 테스트에서는 결함이 발생하더라도 디버깅을 위한 정보를 제공해 줄 수 있는 방법이 고려되지 않아 디버깅을 수행하는 데에 많은 시간과 비용이 소모된다는 문제점이 있었다. 본 논문에서는 임베디드 소프트웨어의 통합 테스트단계에서 발생한 결함에 대해 시험 데이터와 소프트웨어 로그를 통합하여 수집하고 연관 규칙을 이용한 마이닝 기반의 분석 방법을 제공함으로써 임베디드 소프트웨어의 디버깅을 보다 원활하게 할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 그리고시험을 통해 제안한 방법이 단일 결함에 대해서 디버깅을 위한 정보의 식별이 가능함을 확인하였다.

The embedded systems used in industry systems and military weapon systems require high reliability, and increasing the proportion of the embedded software increases the importance of testing to ensure software quality. Testing for embedded software should be validated through integration testing because of the tight coupling of hardware and software. There was a problem with the existing integration tests that it was not considered a method to provide information for debugging, even if a defect occurred, so it was time consuming and costly to perform debugging. In this paper, we suggest a method to make debugging of embedded software more seamless by integrating test data and software logs for defects occurred in the integrated testing phase of embedded system, and by providing a mining-based analysis method using associative rules. Through the test, it is confirmed that the proposed method can identify information for debugging with respect to single defect.

이 연구는 임베디드 컴퓨팅 전자키트를 활용하여 창의 교육을 하는 방안을 모색하는데 있었다. 아두이노와 소프트웨어 개발 도구를 활용한 로봇, 전기 기술 영역의 창의 활동과 이러한 수업에 대한 피드백을 받아 시사점을 도출하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 임베디드 컴퓨팅 전자 키트를 활용하여 로봇 등의 기구물을 설계, 제작, 프로그램에 의한 동작을 해 볼 수 있는 수업의 주제와 활동 내용을 구안하고 적용하였다. 둘째, 구안한 수업 주제와 활동이 실과 등의 교과 및 창의 체험 수업에서 활용이 되도록 구성하고, 소프트웨어, 수리 과학 및 창의성 영역의 수업에 적용할 수 있었다. 셋째, 예비교사와 현장 교사 대상의 제안된 수업의 피드백에 의해 교과 교육 및 창의 활동 수업의 적용성과 고학년 과정에서의 활용 가능성을 확인하였다.

This study was performed for finding a new approach to teach creative activity class. Proposed courses of creative activities are developed for learning robot, electronic technology and software programming using Embedded computer(Arduino kit). The results were as follows. First, education program were developed for creative activity classes for education of technology area. Second, the proposed program can be applied to regular class of curriculum and after-school program. And positive reponses are obtained about usefulness for software, math, logic, science and creativity education. Third, proposed activity classes were applied to preliminary teachers and field teachers. And the meaningful results are obtained based on feedback of field teachers. To apply the lessons to the proposed site to target prospective teachers and teachers receive feedback on improvements and utilized for this reaction and derived implications. It is expected that the results of this study is used for further approach of education of technology and creativity.

임베디드 소프트웨어 개발 시, 연동 요소에 저해 요인이 되는 결함이 다수 존재한다. 연동요소의 저해 요인을 제거하고 동시에 체계적으로 이를 관리하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 체크포인트를 정의한다. 유사한 프로젝트를 수행 시 체크포인트는 발생되는 문제점을 예측, 대비할 수 있게 하여, 소프트웨어 프로세스를 개선할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 소프트웨어 개발 시 발생하는 연동에 대한 문제들을 찾아내고, 원인을 예방하고자 한다.

There are many defects that cause the operation between facts problems during embedded software development. This paper define the check points that removes and manages the operation facts problems as well. For the similar projects, we can estimate defects and prepare to solve them by using check points, which can greatly improve the software process. This research provides solution of operation problems and prevention of its causes that happen on software development.

As embedded devices prevail in daily life, high energy consumption caused by embedded software caught academic attentions. Multifarious testing and predicting methods are developed accordingly. This paper proposes a model about energy consumption of embedded device based on analysis of embedded software structure and support vector machine regression. The nonlinear relationship between energy consumption and software structure is revealed. The research finds software structure is determined by features like number of components, complexity of component interface, component coupling, and path length. These features are qualified and modeled by using support vector machine regression and energy consumption is predicted based on this model. The experiments results confirm the proposed model.

Many mobile applications have evolved from simple HTML pages to complex service-oriented applications hat have high maintenance cost. This high maintenance cost is due to the heterogeneity of mobile pplications, to the fast mobile evolution and to the fast-moving market which imposes short de-velopment ycles and frequent modifications. In order to control the mainten-ance cost, quantitative metrics for redicting mobile applications’ maintaina-bility must be used. This study introduces class diagram design metrics based n Conallen’s Mobile Application Extension for UML. The study will use data from an industrial mobile pplication to show the correlation between the class diagram metrics and maintenance effort measured by the number of lines of code changed.

Mobile embedded software applications are typically more difficult to design and build, both because of the problem domain and the constraints placed on them by the target environment. Embedded systems usually have li-mited memory and CPU processing power; these constraints are likely due to size, cost, power efficiency, and heat generation limitations. Embedded system design needs to model together application and hardware architecture. For that a huge number of models are available, each one proposing its own abstraction level associated to its own software platform for simulation or synthesis. Mo-bile and multiplatform solutions even increase this complexity. Testing and managing mobile software applications are important way of handling these complex systems, describing it to different actors inside software business and for analyzing and improving system performance. In this paper, we present an approach to generate and extend mobile test se-quences model using UML. Although sequence diagrams are used for model-ing the dynamic aspects of the system, they can also be used for model based testing. Existing work does not encompass certain important features of se-quence diagrams like the various interaction operators of combined fragment.

Reproducing or debugging a fault in embedded software is a difficult activity, due to the complicated operating environment and various input data that have an effect on the software execution path. We propose a testing method to identify fault type and locate debugging points by detecting faults while the system is running, rather than analyzing faults through reproducing them after program fail. Our method is hooking the execution of modules related to runtime errors, selectively collecting execution information that is necessary to detect a fault. We have developed an automated testing tool called RopheTR, and performed experiments to compare with representative runtime error detection tools and RopheTR. Experimental results show that RopheTR has the highest fault detection rate of 91.8%, and has excellent accuracy in providing code location for debugging and fault type, compared with other tools. Moreover, our method exhibited the least slow down rate of 0.03x on average, and the slightest memory usage increase of 0.13x. Our method is a very light-weight test method suitable for embedded software that has severe resource constraints of real-time operating system.

In order to construct the most suitable embedded software development environment, we design and implements the Retargetable Tool Suite for Embedded Software(RTS-ES) composed of target code generator, low power/energy optimizer, system simulator and debugger through the proposed Embedded Processor Description Language(EPDL).

Because the software reverse analysis method which combined the dynamic and static analyses lacks normative interactive mode, the work of the software reverse analysis is inefficient, and its reusability is poor. Based on dynamic and static analysis process of the embedded software,three kinds of interactive mechanismare proposed, including Static To Dynamic (STD), Dynamic To Static (DTS), Static and Dynamic simultaneous (SDM), and has also presented the method of realizing these three interaction mechanisms in detail. The test results show that interactive mechanisms of STD, DTS and SDM are suitable for correction of abnormal nodes in the results of static analysis, optimization of dynamic information extraction, identification of hidden codes and so on. It can greatly improve work efficiencyof the embedded software reverse analysis.

Recently, the need for accessing information from anywhere at any time has been a driving force for a variety of mobile applications. As the number of embedded systems increases rapidly, there has been a growing demand for the use of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) for various applications. Embedded system service offers a systematic way to classify and assess technical realizations of business processes. But embedded system has restricted range of utilizing services in computing environment and more, a mobile computer is envisioned to be equipped with more powerful capabilities, including the storage of a small database, the capacity of data processing, a narrow user input and small size of display. This paper present embedded system software testing based on SOA to overcome mobile restriction. To improve embedded system efficient we analyzing mobile application requirement, writing service specification, optimizing design, providing extended use case specification which test use case testing and testing service test case which derived from service specification.

Embedded systems are used in many critical applications of our daily life. The increased complexity of embedded systems and the tightened safety regulations posed on them and the scope of the environment in which they operate are driving the need of more dependable embedded systems. Therefore, achieving a high level of quality and dependability to embedded systems is an ultimate goal. This research study investigates the inter-relationships between dependability and other embedded systems quality attributes using two pieces of information: Tactics and Dependability Quality attributes scenarios.