Earticle

본 연구의 목적은 한국 대학생과 한국에 유학 중인 베트남 유학생 총 300명을 대상으로 비만판정기준, 식사횟수, 식행동 및 체형인식에 대한 설문지를 비교 분석하여 대학생들의 올바른 식습관 정립을 위한 영양교육 프로그램의 기초자 료로 제공하고자 하였다. 연구결과, 한국 대학생이 베트남 유학생 보다 신장과 체중이 남･여 모두 높은 것으로 나타났고, 비만판정기준에서는 남학생 두 집단에서는 '정상' 범위가 높고, 여학생은 두 집단 모두 ‘저체중’ 범위가 높게 나타났다. 하루식사섭취빈도는 한국 남녀대학생은 하루 2회, 베트남 남녀대학생은 하루 3회로 나타났다. 식사 시 섭취량 정도, 간식 섭취이유, 패스트푸드 섭취, 라면 섭취빈도에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 체형 인식의 결과는 현재 체형 만족도(p<.05), 본인주관적인 이상적인 체형(p<.001)에서는 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 청년기의 올바른 체형인식의 개 념과 식습관의 정립은 중년 및 노년 건강에 영향을 미치므로 대학생을 위한 다양한 건강교육프로그램 개발이 필요한 것으 로 사료된다.

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data of nutrition education program for establishing correct eating habits of university students by comparing and analyzing questionnaires on obesity assessment standards, number of meals, eating behavior and body type recognition among Korean university students and a total of 300 Vietnamese students studying in Korea. The study found that Korean university students were both taller and heavier than Vietnamese students, while male students were all "normal" and female students were all "low-weight" in the obesity assessment standards. The daily intake frequency was found to be two times a day for Korean men's and women's university students and three times a day for Vietnamese men's and women's university students. The results of body type recognition showed significant differences in current body type satisfaction (p<.05) and self-centered ideal body type (p< 1.001). As the concept of correct body type recognition and the establishment of eating habits in youth affect middle-aged and old-age health, it is believed that the development of various health education programs for college students is necessary.

목적 : 본 연구는 유아의 스마트기기 과의존, 자기조절력, 식행동의 특성을 파악하고, 과의존군 과 일반사용자군에서 과의존 수준과 자기조절력·식행동 간의 관계, 두 집단의 자기조절력과 식 행동 차이를 비교하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 연구대상은 만3∼5세 유아의 부모 279명이며, 설문을 통해 일반적 특성, 스마트기기 과의존 통 합척도, 자기조절력 척도, 영유아 식행동 검사를 시행하였다. 기술통계로 일반적 특성과 주요 변인의 특 성을 확인하였다. 두 집단 간 자기조절력 및 식행동의 차이는 독립표본 t-검정으로 분석했으며, 과의존 수준과 자기조절력·식행동의 관계는 피어슨 상관분석을 실시하였다. 결과 : 과의존군은 일반사용자군보다 스마트기기 과의존과 식행동 점수가 높고, 자기조절력은 낮았다. 자기 조절력 총점과 모든 하위영역, 그리고 식행동의 과활동성과 불규칙성에서 유의한 차이가 확인되었다 (p<.001). 과의존군에서는 과의존 수준이 자기조절력의 행동억제와 부적 상관을 보였고, 문제적 결과는 자기조절력의 총점 및 일부 하위영역과 부적 상관을 보였다. 또한 과의존 총점과 조절 실패는 식행동의 불규칙성과 정적 상관을 나타냈다. 일반사용자군에서는 유의한 상관이 나타나지 않았다. 결론 : 본 연구는 유아의 스마트기기 과의존에 따라 자기조절력과 식행동의 차이가 있는 것을 확인하였다. 이를 통해 과의존 예방을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고 관련 연구를 확장하는 데 의의가 있다.

Objective : This study aimed to analyze differences between early childhood smart device overdependence and normal user groups, and to examine the relationships among smart device overdependence, self-regulation, and eating behavior. Methods : Participants were 279 parents of children aged 3–5 years. The survey included the smart device overdependence integral scale, the self-regulation scale, and the early childhood eating behavior test. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and independent samples t-tests were conducted. Results : Compared with the normal user group, the overdependence group showed higher levels of smart device overdependence and more problematic eating behaviors, whereas their self-regulation scores were lower. Significant differences were found in the total and subdomain scores of self-regulation, as well as in eating behavior, particularly in the subdomains of overactivity and irregularity. Within the overdependence group, higher overdependence levels were negatively correlated with behavioral inhibition and several other self-regulation subdomains, while total overdependence and failure of control were positively correlated with eating behavior irregularity. No such correlations were observed in the normal user group. Conclusion : These findings indicate that smart device overdependence in early childhood is partially associated with differences in self-regulation and eating behavior.

이 연구는 초등학생의 치아우식 유병률에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하여 구강 건강 증진을 위한 기초자료 를 제공하고자 하였다. 경기도 소재 1개 초등학교 6학년 학생 189명을 대상으로 학교 구강검진 결과와 학교 건 강검사의 건강조사를 위해 실시한 건강 상태 기초조사의 식이 행태, 구강건강 행태 문항을 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 성별, 구강위생, 식이 행태 및 아침 식사 여부가 치아우식 유병률에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났 다. 특히, 구강위생은 치아우식의 주요 예측 요인으로 확인되었으며, 불량한 구강위생이 치아우식 발생 위험을 높이는 중요한 요인임을 시사하였다. 성별에 따른 치아우식 발생 차이는 여학생이 남학생보다 높은 유병률을 보여, 성별에 따른 맞춤형 구강 관리 교육이 필요하다. 또한 라면, 채소 등의 섭취 빈도와 아침 식사의 빈도가 치아우식에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 전반적인 식이 관리에 대한 교육이 필요하다. 이상의 결과를 종합하 였을 때 구강건강 증진을 위하여 구강위생 상태 개선을 위해 식생활 교육을 포함한 체계적인 구강 건강 교육 프로그램이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

This study analyzed factors affecting the prevalence of dental caries in elementary school students to provide basic data for promoting oral health. The results of the school oral examination and the basic health status survey conducted for the health survey of the school health examination were analyzed for 189 sixth grade students in one elementary school in Gyeonggi Province. The results of the study showed that gender, oral hygiene, dietary behavior, and breakfast intake significantly affected the prevalence of dental caries. In particular, oral hygiene was identified as a major predictor of dental caries, suggesting that poor oral hygiene is an important factor that increases the risk of dental caries. The difference in dental caries incidence by gender showed that female students had a higher prevalence than male students, so customized oral care education by gender is necessary. In addition, the frequency of consuming ramen, vegetables, etc. and the frequency of breakfast intake were found to affect dental caries, suggesting that education on overall dietary management is necessary. In summary of the above results, it is believed that a systematic oral health education program including dietary education is necessary to improve oral hygiene and promote oral health.

본 연구는 여대생을 대상으로 한 식이 행동 중재프로그램의 효과를 조사하기 위한 체계적인 검토 및 메타분석이 다. 분석 대상 논문은 2015년부터 2020년 2월 29일까지의 연구로, PRISMA에 따라 체계적으로 수집되었다. 메타분석 을 위해 총 9편의 논문이 최종 선정되었고, 효과 크기를 추정하기 위해 Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3.0을 사용하 여 분석하였다. 여대생을 대상으로 적용된 식이 행동 중재프로그램 연구의 전체적인 효과 크기는 큰 것으로 나타났고, 문제 식이 행동 여대생을 대상으로 한 6편의 연구에서 효과 크기가 더 큰 것으로 확인되었다. 전체 여대생과 문제 식이 행동 여대생 모두 식이 행동 관련 변수 및 심리사회적 관련 변수에서 유의한 효과 크기를 나타냈다. 그러므로 본 연구결 과는 향후 여대생을 대상으로 차별화 된 식이 행동 중재프로그램을 개발하는 기초자료로써 연구의 의의가 있다.

This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of eating behaviors intervention programs for female university students. The papers to be analyzed were studies from 2015 to February 29, 2020, and were systematically collected according to PRISMA. A total of 9 papers were finally selected for meta-analysis, and analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3.0 to estimate the effect size. The overall effect size of the eating behaviors intervention programs studies applied to female university students was found to be large, and the effect size was found to be larger in six studies of problematic eating behaviors female university students. All and problematic eating behaviors female university students showed significant effect size in eating behavior-related and psychosocial-related variables. Therefore, the results of this study are meaningful as basic data for developing differentiated eating behaviors intervention programs for female university students in the future.

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 우리나라 청소년의 식생활 행태가 주관적 행복감에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위함이다. 방법: 단면적 조사연구로, 청소년 건강행태온라인조사 원시자료 대상자 62,276명을 이차분석 하였다. IBM SPSS 23.0을 이용하여 χ2-test, 로지스틱회귀분석 방법을 사용하였다. 결과: 청소년의 주5일 이상 아침식사 결식률은 31.5%, 주3회 이상 패스트푸드 섭취율은 20.5%, 주3회 이상 라면 섭취율은 25.9%, 주3회 이상 편의점 식사 경험은 26.0%이었다. 우리나라 청소년의 주관적 행복감에 영향을 미치는 식생활 행태는 아침식사 결식, 편의점 식사 경험이었다. 결론: 청소년의 행복감에 영향을 미치는 부정적인 식생활 행태를 개선하기 위하여 가정과 학교, 지역사회, 국가 등 다양한 차원에서의 노력이 필요할 것이다.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eating behaviors on subjective happiness of adolescents in South Korea. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study. Using the statistics of the 13th (2017) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, multiple logistic regression was conducted. The study sample comprised 62,276 middle and high school students aged primarily 12 to 17. Results: The rate of skipping breakfast more than five days per week was 31.5%, the rate of eating fast food more than three times per week was 20.5%, the rate of eating ramen more than three times per week was 25.9%, and the rate of eating at a convenience store more than three times per week was 26.0%. The eating behaviors affecting the subjective happiness of Korean adolescents were skipping breakfast and eating at a convenience store. Conclusion: In order to improve the negative eating behaviors that affect the subjective happiness of adolescents, various efforts will be needed at various levels such as home, school, community, and country.

Purpose: The research was to investigate the relationship between Internet addiction and eating behaviors of college students. Methods: Sampled for sake of convenience, 507 college students in Kwang-ju and Chun-nam area were surveyed from September 3rd to September 10th 2008. The contents of the survey consist of general, academic, health behavior, internet usage, internet addiction and eating habit traits. Results: 49.3% of subjects were appeared to be addicted to internet, while male students had higher addiction rate of 54.9% than female student with 40.3%. Significantly, eating behaviors are worse in the group of mild and serious internet addiction, arts students, the group that recognizes its living standard as normal or richer, and also in the group that takes breakfast less seriously. These groups were appearing 47.0% of addiction rate. Conclusion: For college students, internet addiction was proved to be effective significantly in eating behavior. It is required to establish appropriate measures such as internet usage control to settle proper eating behavior of college students.

Stunting is a serious public health problem in Indonesia. Madura Island, which is?inhabited by the Madurese ethnicity, had a very high stunting prevalence. The cultural factors of stunting mainly focus on food, food taboos, and early complementary feeding or prelacteal feeding practices. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the eating concept and its association with child feeding practices and stunting among the Madurese ethnic group?in Indonesia.This qualitative study was conducted in Sampang District, Madura Island, East Java, Indonesia. A total of 61 informants participated in this study (25 informants of in-depth interviews, 26 informants of FGDs, and 10 families in observations). Data collection consists of culture, values, and beliefs in child feeding practices that influence children’s nutritional status. The analysis used was content analysis by emphasizing the meanings, themes, and concepts of eating and stunting.Stunting was considered a normal condition rather than a nutritional problem. The concept of eating is “eating rice.” Eating without other dishes is acceptable as long as there is rice on the plate. This concept affects inappropriate complementary food feeding practices and malnutrition among children under five. Overall, the study contributed to the improvement of the stunting reduction program by addressing how Madurese thought about eating and stunting.

Humans need to obtain nutrients from foods for survival and health. Culture and belief play important roles in food selection and intake. Throughout human history, dietary factor has been one of the important factors inducing and causing outbreaks of infectious diseases. If unhealthy eating behavior, like eating raw/undercooked food or meat and products from wild animals, are not abandoned, foodborne infectious diseases will remain an important risk factor of outbreaks and epidemics. The misconception of dietary culture is one of the important factors that triggers unhealthy eating behavior. Therefore, it is vital to change people’s conceptions and knowledge about what is healthy to eat, in order to completely eliminate unhealthy eating behavior and prevent the recurrence of foodborne infectious diseases. Meanwhile, many factors such as family, society, region, and religion should be involved in.

Humans need to obtain nutrients from foods in order to survive and be healthy. The requirements of energy and nutrients are different due to differences in race, age, sex, and physical activity level. People living in different places take nutrients from different kinds of food; therefore, nutrition is a cultural biological process rather than a simple physiological and biochemical process. Food intake can directly influence one's biological function through life, as its results are on a biological level. When people eat, the process can be influenced by economic, politics, culture, and many other factors.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between unhealthy eating behavior and depression in adolescents, with confounding variables adjusted. Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of the data collected from the 2013 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS). The analysis included 72,435 participants (36,655 male and 35,780 female). The data were analyzed by x2 test, t-test, and logistic regression analysis using SPSS Version 21 by complex samples analysis. Results: Compared with male adolescents with healthy eating behavior, those who with unhealthy eating behavior were more likely to suffer depression with other factors controlled (OR=1.37, 1.07~1.75). On the other hand, female adolescents with unhealthy eating behavior were less likely to feel depressed compared with female adolescents with unhealthy eating behavior and with other factors controlled (OR=0.98, 0.64~1.50). However, it was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that healthy eating behavior may be a protective factor against depression in male adolescents, but not in female adolescents. Furthermore, our results suggest that the longitudinal associations between mental health and healthy eating behavior and other lifestyle factors are complex.

본 연구는 마음챙김 기반 인지치료(MBCT) 프로그램이 폭식 경향성을 가진 대학생들의 폭식 행동, 정서적 섭식, 정서조절곤란 및 감정표현불능증에 미치는 효과를 알아보았다. 전북지역 남녀 대학생들 중 폭식척도에서 18점 이상에 해당하고, 정서적 섭식, 정서조절곤란, 감정표현불능증 점수가 높은 학생들 20명이 본 연구에 참가하였다. 사전 검사에서 폭식척도, 정서적 섭식척도, 감정표현불능증 척도, 한국판 정서조절곤란척도를 실시하였고, 최종 선발된 20명을 마음챙김 기반 인지치료 집단에 10명, 통제 집단에 10명씩 배정하였다. 마음챙김 기반 인지치료 프로그램은 총 9회기로 실시되었고, 프로그램 종료 후 사후검사가 실시되었으며, 6주 후 추적검사가 이루어졌다. 그 결과 마음챙김 기반 인지치료 집단이 통제집단보다 폭식행동, 정서조절곤란, 감정표현불능증, 정서적 섭식 중 불안으로 인한 섭식 수준이 유의하게 감소되었고, 추적검사까지 유지되었다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점 및 추후 연구를 위한 제언이 논의되었다.

The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on binge eating behavior, emotional eating, difficulties in emotional regulation, and alexithymia of the binge eating-prone university students. University students who lived in chonbuk province completed Binge eating scale (BES), Emotional Eating Scale (EES), Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS), and 20-Item Alexithymia Scale. Twenty participants who gained more than 18 point score by binge eating scale and have higher emotional eating, difficulties in emotional regulation and alexithymia were screened. Twenty participants were randomly assigned to 10 in the MBCT group and 10 in the control group. All participants completed Binge eating scale (BES), Emotional Eating Scale (EES), Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS), and 20-Item Alexithymia Scale at pretreatment, end of treatment, and at 6 weeks follow-up periods. MBCT program was administered for 9 sessions. The results of this study were as follows: the Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy has positive effects on the reduction of binge eating, difficulties in emotional regulation, and alexithymia after therapy and 6 weeks later follow-up period. Emotional eating was decreased by eating in response to anxiety in the MBCT group. Finally, the implications and the limitations of this study, and the suggestions for future study were also discussed.

본 연구는 정서, 섭식억제, 체형 및 체중 관련 사적자기주의가 섭식동기 및 섭식행동에 미치는 영향을 탐색하기 위한 목적으로 행해졌다. 이를 위해서 연구1에서는 섭식억제, 체형 및 체중 관련 사적 자기주의가 정서에 따라서 유발되는 섭식동기에 미치는 영향을 조사연구를 통해서 알아보았다. 그 결과, 긍정적 정서가 유발하는 섭식동기는 섭식억제 수준이 낮고 체형 및 체중 관련 사적자기주의가 높은 조건에서 가장 컸다. 연구2에서는 정서, 섭식억제, 체형 및 체중 관련 사적 자기주의가 섭식행동에 미치는 영향을 실험을 통해서 검증하였다. 그 결과 정서에 대한 주효과만 유의하게 나타났다. 따라서 연구1, 2의 결과 섭식동기 및 섭식행동에 정서가 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 마지막으로 본연구의 시사점과 제한점이 논의되었다.

The purpose of the present study is to explore the effect of emotion, restrained eating and body shape and weight related private self-focused attention on eating motive and eating behavior. For this purpose, in study 1, the effect of restrained eating, bady shape and weight related private self-focused attention on eating motives were treated. As results, the important factors in explaining the positive emotion induced eating motive were restrained eating and body shape and weight related self-focused attention. In study 2, emotion, restrained eating, and body shape body weight related private self-focused attention on eating behaviors were examined experimentally. As results, the eating behavior by emotion, restrained eating and body shape and weight related self-focused attention interaction model was tested. Just main effect by emotion was significant. Therefore this study suggest that emotion play an important role in eating motives and eating behaviors.

본 연구는 정서 마음챙김 기반 폭식 개선 프로그램이 폭식경향 여대생의 부정정서, 고통 감내력, 정서적 섭식 및 폭식행동에 미치는 영향을 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 서울·경기권에 거주하는 여대생 중 폭식경향을 보고한 학생 32명을 처치집단(n=16)과 대기통제집단(n=16)에 무선할당 하였다. 처치집단은 주 2회, 50분 내외로 총 6회기의 정서 마음챙김 기반 폭식 개선 프로그램을 실시하였다. 처치집단과 대기통제집단에게 프로그램 전, 후에 사전검사와 사후검사를 실시하였으며, 프로그램 종료 3주 후 추수검사를 실시하였다. 측정도구로는 신경성 폭식증 검사 개정판(BULIT-R), 식사장애 검사(EDI), 식이 행동 질문지(DEBQ), 정신건강 척도(SCL-90-R), 한국판 개정된 인지적 및 정서적 마음챙김 척도(CAMS-R), 고통 감내력 척도(DTS), 거울 보고 별 모양 따라 그리기 검사(MTPT-C)를 사용하였다. 분석결과 처치집단은 대기통제집단에 비해 부정정서, 정서적 섭식 및 폭식행동이 유의하게 감소하였으며, 고통 감내력은 유의하게 증가하였다. 그 효과는 추수검사 시기까지 유지되었다. 그러나 처치집단의 거울 보고 별 모양 따라 그리기 검사(MTPT-C) 지속시간은 대기통제집단에 비해 유의하게 증가되지 않았다. 다음으로 참가자들에게 나타난 처치효과가 신뢰로운 수준인지 검증하기 위해 분석한 결과, 처치집단에서 평균 63.8%, 대기통제집단에서 평균 17.01%의 처치 반응률을 나타냈다. 두 집단 간 신뢰변화 지수의 차이는 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 끝으로 본 연구의 의의와 후속 연구를 위한 제언이 논의되었다.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of emotion-mindfulness based binge improvement program on binge eating behavior and its associated psychological factors in female university students. The participants of this study were university students who were prone to binge eating disorders. The students were selected based on scores on the BULIT-R (Bulimia Test Revised). 16 od the students randomly assigned to the emotion-mindfulness group and 16 in the wait-control group. The emotion-mindfulness based binge improvement program were administered for 6 sessions (50 minutes each, twice a week). All participants of the emotion-mindfulness group and wait-control group completed pre-test, post-test, 3 weeks follow-up test. Some of the measurements tools employed by the researcher include Bulimia Test Revised(BULIT-R), Eating Disorder Inventory(EDI), Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire(DEBQ), Symptom Check List(SCL-90-R), Distress Tolerance Scale(DTS), The Computerized Mirror-tracing Persistence Task(MTPT-C), and Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale Revised(CAMS-R). The analysis of the results provided that the scores of anxiety, depression, distress tolerance, emotional eating and binge eating behavior in the emotion-mindfulness group significantly decreased compared to the wait-control group and the effects were maintained within a three-week follow-up period. However, on the Computerized Mirror-Tracing Persistence Task (MTPT-C) there was no significant change in the emotion-mindfulness group compared to the control group. In the RCI test, the treatment response rate was approximately 69.78% in the emotion-mindfulness group and 17.01% in the wait-control group. The RCI is appeared to be significant between groups. Finally, this study discusses the implications and suggestions for future research.

정서적 섭식과 외부단서적 섭식은 서로 구별되는 구성개념으로, 다른 심리적 기제에 의해 발생하는 것으로 간주된다. 본 연구에서는 다이어트 경험, 섭식귀인양식 및 심리도식이 정서적 섭식과 외부단서적 섭식에 미치는 영향이 다른지를 알아봄으로써 섭식문제의 기제를 이해하고자 하였다. 다이어트 경험은 무리한 다이어트와 다이어트의 빈도로 구분하고, 결함/수치심, 정서 억제, 엄격한 기준/과잉비판, 부족한 자기통제를 섭식문제와 관련된 초기 부적응 도식 변인으로 설정하였다. 250명의 여대생에게 설문지를 배부하여 그 중 216명의 자료를 분석에 포함하였다. 여대생들의 다이어트 경험을 조사하고 Young 심리도식 질문지, 섭식 귀인양식 척도 및 식이행동질문지를 실시하였다. 외부단서적 섭식을 통제했을 때 다이어트의 빈도, 과식에 대한 안정귀인, 정서 억제와 엄격한 기준 도식은 정서적 섭식을 유의하게 설명하였다. 반면에, 정서적 섭식을 통제했을 때 다이어트의 빈도 이외에, 귀인양식과 초기 부적응 도식은 외부단서적 섭식을 유의하게 설명하지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 정서적 섭식과 외부단서적 섭식의 기제가 다를 수 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구의 한계점과 더불어, 함의에 대한 논의가 이루어졌다.

Emotional and external eating distinctly constructs each other, and were considered as having different psychological mechanisms. This study aims to examine the influences of dietary behavior, eating attribution style, and early maladaptive schema for emotional and external eating. Dietary behaviors were classified as unhealthy diets and repeated dieting attempts. We selected four scales: defectiveness/shame, emotional inhibition, unrelenting standards, and insufficient self-control from early maladaptive schema. The authors distributed questionnaires to 250 female college students and 216 of them were included in the data analysis. They completed the Dutch Eating Behavior questionnaire (DEBQ), the Eating Attributional Style Questionnaire (EASQ), and the Young's Schema Questionnaire (YSQ). Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that repeated dieting attempts, stable attributions for indulgent food consumptions, emotional inhibitions, and unrelenting standards predicted emotional eating; and only repeated dieting attempts predicted external eating after controlling other patterns of eating. These results suggest that the mechanisms which underly emotional eating might differ from the ones that underly external eating. The limitations and implications of the present results were discussed.

This study was done to develop a eating behavior scale for high school girls using Stunkard and Messick(1985)'s three factors(dietary restraint disinhibition, hunger) as a conceptual framework and to test the validity and reliability of the scale. The subjects were 202 high school girls. The convenience sample is consist of 96 normal weight and 106 obese girls. Data were collected between October 28 and November 25 in 1996 and analyzed using the SPSS package. The new 32-item scale measuring these factors is presented 1. Three stable factors emerged and these contributed 45.7% of the variance in the total score. All 32 items loaded above .35 on each factor, 2. Factor 1 was named disinhibition(14 items), factor 2 was named cognitive restraint of eating(10 items), factor 3 was named hunger(8 items). Comparison of factor Ⅰ, factor Ⅱ, factor Ⅲ between normal subjects and obese subjects showed that there was a significant difference in factor Ⅱ & Ⅲ, not in factor Ⅰ. 3. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistancy was .9393 for total 32 items and .8820, .8652, .8490 for three dimensions of eating behavior in high school girls. Recommendations are suggested below : 1. Replication study with appropriate age groups be done to test validity and reliability, 2. The present developed scale must be a reliable measure of eating behavior and should have utility in further study on how effective nursing intervention related to different kind of groups such as disinhibition group and cognitive restraint of eating group. 3. To extend validity of the scale, further study is needs using more larger subjects which is consists of dieters and free eaters.

수용 전념 치료 프로그램이 폭식장애 경향이 있는 대학생의 폭식행동, 경험회피 및 심리적 안녕감에 미치는 효과를 알아보았다. J지역 내 대학생을 250명 남녀 학생들에게 폭식척도(BES), 수용행동질문지(AAQ-16), 심리적 안녕감 척도(PWBS)를 실시하였다. 이를 토대로 폭식장애 경향이있는 대학생 14명을 참가자로 선정하여 치료 집단에 7명, 통제집단에 7명씩 무선 할당하였다. 수용 전념 치료 프로그램은 주 2회씩 총 8회기에 걸쳐 진행되었다. 프로그램 종료 후 사후 조사가실시되었고 8주 후 추적 조사가 이루어졌다. 그 결과, 수용 전념 치료 프로그램에 참여한 집단이통제집단보다 폭식행동과 경험회피가 유의하게 더 감소되었고, 심리적 안녕감은 유의하게 더 증가되었다. 마지막으로, 본 연구의 의의와 제한점 및 추후 연구에 대한 제언이 논의되었다.

The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of Acceptance?Commitment Therapy(ACT) on binge eating behavior, experiential avoidance, and psychological well?being of college students prone to binge eating disorders. Two hundred and fifty college students in Chonbuk province completed a Binge Eating Scale(BES), a Acceptance & Action Questionnaire-16 (AAQ-16), and a Psychological Well-Being Scale(PWBS). Fourteen patients selected by those scales were randomly assigned, seven of them to the ACT group and seven to the control group. The ACT program was administered for eight sessions. All participants completed BES, AAQ-16, and PWBS at pre-test, post-test, and at eight week follow-up periods. The results of this study were as follows: Binge eating behavior and experiential avoidance of the therapy group decreased more than for the control group. Psychological well-being of the therapy group increased more than for the control group. Finally, the implications and the limitations of this study, and the suggestions for future study were also discussed.

본 연구에서는 평소 섭식억제를 많이 하는 사람들의 섭식 행동이 사전음식섭취와 보상단서에 민감하게 반응하도록 하는 특성적 경향성인 행동활성화체계(Behavioral activation system; Gray, 1990)의 개인차에 따라서 어떻게 달라지는가를 알아보고자 하였다. 먼저 여자 대학생 215명을 대상으로 섭식억제수준과 행동활성화체계의 개인차를 측정하는 질문지를 사전에 실시하여, 이들 중 172명을 섭식억제수준의 높고 낮음과 행동활성화 경향성의 높고 낮음에 따라서 4집단으로 나누었다. 이후 신제품 아이스크림의 맛을 평가하는 연구라고 위장된 실험에 참가시켜 사전에 칼로리가 높은 초코 드링크를 먹거나 먹지 않는 조건에 무선 할당하였다. 연구결과, 첫째 섭식억제 수준과 사전음식섭취에 따라서 아이스크림의 섭취량이 달라지게 될 것이라는 가설은 지지되지 않았다. 둘째 섭식억제집단에서는 행동활성화체계 민감성의 고저에 따른 아이스크림 섭취량의 차이가 유의하게 나타났으나 섭식비억제집단에서는 행동활성화체계 민감성의 고저에 따른 아이스크림 섭취량의 차이가 유의하지 않았다. 아울러 행동활성화체계의 하위 차원들이 섭식억제수준과 어떻게 상호작용하는지를 탐색적인 수준에서 알아보았다. 그 결과, 섭식억제집단의 경우 보상반응민감성과 재미추구 경향성에서는 위의 상호작용효과가 나타났으나 추동 하위 차원에서는 상호작용효과가 유의하지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 행동활성화체계의 개인차가 섭식억제자의 섭식행동을 중재(moderate)할 가능성을 제안하는 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating effects of BAS(Behavioral activation system; Gray, 1990) on eating behavior in case of food preloading. 172 college female subjects were classified as either restrained eaters or unrestrained eaters on the basis of their scores on the Lee(1999)'s Revised Restraint Scale and high or low BAS sensitivity group on the basis of the BAS Scale score. Subjects were randomly assigned to preloading condition, in which subjects were forced to have chocolate drink before ice cream taste test, or non-preloading condition. The experiment was a 2(restraint level: restrained eaters/unrestrained eaters) × 2(BAS sensitivity: high and low) × 2(preloading: 0cc/235cc) completely randomized factorial design. The main results of this study were as follow: First, the level of restraining and preloading interaction effects were not significant, which means there was to no disinhibition effect for restrained eaters by preloading. Second, there were significant interaction effects of the BAS sensitivity level and restraint level. Restrained eaters with high BAS sensitivity ate more ice cream than did restrained eaters with the low BAS sensitivity. On the other hand, non-restrained eaters did not differ in their ice cream consumption according to their BAS sensitivity levels. Differential effects of sub-component factors of BAS were explored. As a result, the similar pattern of interaction effects were found significant in the 'reward sensitivity’ and 'fun seeking' sub-component factors of the BAS. However, there were no significant interaction effects in the 'drive' factor of the BAS. The results of this study were discussed in relation to the previous studies and future research directions.

본 연구는 부정정서가 폭식 행동에 미치는 영향을 확인하고, 그 영향이 부정긴급성과 섭식기대에 의해 조절되는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 서울 및 경기도 지역에 거주하는 만 18세 이상의 남녀 성인 696명을 대상으로 자기보고식 설문을 실시하였다. 각 변인을 측정하기 위하여 정적 및 부적 정서 척도(PANAS), 한국판 다요인 충동행동 척도(UPPS-P), 섭식기대 척도(EEI), 폭식증 검사 개정판(BULLIT-R)을 사용하였고, 각 변인의 주 효과 및 상호작용 효과를 확인하기 위해 단계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 부정정서와 부정긴급성, 섭식기대와 폭식 행동 간에는 정적 상관이 나타났다. 둘째, 부정정서가 폭식 행동에 미치는 영향을 부정긴급성과 섭식기대가 각각 조절하여, 이원상호작용 효과가 확인되었다. 셋째, 부정정서가 폭식 행동에 미치는 영향에서 부정긴급성의 조절효과를 섭식기대가 조절하여, 삼원상호작용효과가 확인되었다. 구체적으로 부정정서를 경험하는 개인들의 부정긴급성 수준이 높을수록 폭식 행동이 유의하게 증가했는데, 이러한 증가 수준이 섭식기대 수준에 따라 유의한 차이로 변화하였다. 마지막으로 본 연구가 가지는 의의와 한계점에 대해 논의하였다.

This study attempted to investigate the influences of negative affect, negative urgency and eating expectancy on binge eating behavior. The 696 male and female participants completed Positive and negative Affect Scale, UPPS-P scale, Eating Expectancy scale and Bulimia Test-Revised scale. The result s were as follows. first, negative affect, negative urgency, and eating expectancy correlate with binge eating behavior. Second, negative affect, negative urgency, and eating expectancy significantly predicts binge eating behavior. Third, negative affect influence binge eating behavior by interacting with negative urgency and eating expectancy respectively. That is, negative affect, negative urgency, and eating expectancy showed two-way interaction in predicting binge eating behavior. Fourth, negative affect, negative urgency, eating expectancy showed three-way interaction in predicting binge eating behavior. Specifically, the higher the levels of eating expectancy were, the much more interacting effect of negative urgency on the relationship between negative affect and binge eating behavior has increased. Finally, the findings were discussed and limitations of this study and suggestions for future study were addressed.

본 연구의 목적은 마음챙김 기반 폭식 개선 프로그램이 폭식 장애 경향이 있는 여대생의 폭식 행동, 부정적 정서, 충동성 및 억제 결함에 미치는 효과를 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해 서울 소재 대학에 재학 중이며 폭식 행동을 문제라고 여기는 여대생을 대상으로 폭식 척도(BES)와 Barratt 충동성 척도(BIS)를 실시했다. 이 중 폭식 장애 경향이 있는 여대생을 선별했고, 최종 선별된 29명은 무선 할당을 통해 처치 집단에 14명, 대기-통제 집단에 15명으로 할당했다. 처치 집단은 주 2회, 약 60분씩 총 6회기의 마음챙김 기반 폭식 개선 프로그램을 실시했다. 처치 집단과 대기-통제 집단에게는 프로그램 전, 후에 사전 검사와 사후 검사를 실시했으며, 프로그램 종료 3주 후에 추후 검사를 실시했다. 측정 도구로는 폭식 척도(BES), 식이 행동 질문지(DEBQ), 정신건강 척도(SCL-90-R), Barratt 충동성 척도(BIS), 다차원 충동성 척도(UPPS-P), 멈춤-신호 과제(SST), 한국판 개정된 인지적 및 정서적 마음챙김 척도(CAMS-R)를 사용했다. 분석 결과, 처치 집단이 대기-통제 집단에 비해 폭식 행동, 정서적 섭식, 불안, 우울, Barratt 충동성, 다차원 충동성이 유의하게 감소했고, 그 효과는 3주 후 추후 검사에서도 지속되었다. 또한 멈춤-신호 과제에서 멈춤-신호 지연시간과 GO 과제의 반응시간이 유의하게 증가했고, 그 효과는 3주 후 추후 검사에서도 지속되었다. 그러나 멈춤-신호에 대한 반응시간(SSRT)은 유의한 변화가 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 끝으로 본 연구의 의의와 추후 연구를 위한 제언 사항을 논의했다.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mindfulness-based binge improvement program on binge eating behavior and its associated psychological factors in female university students. Participants in this study were university students who were prone to binge eating disorders. Twenty-nine students were selected using BES (Binge Eating Scale) and BIS (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale). They were randomly assigned to a mindfulness group (n=14) and a control group (n=15). The mindfulness program was administered for six sessions (60 minutes each, twice a week). The mindfulness group and the control group completed pre-test, post-test, and follow-up test at three weeks. As a measurement tool, BES, Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), Symptom Check List (SCL-90-R), BIS, the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS-P), Stop Signal Task (SST), and Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale Revised (CAMS-R) were used. Results showed that binge eating behavior, emotional eating, anxiety, depression, impulsivity were significantly decreased in the mindfulness group compared to those in the control group at post-test. Such decreases were kept at the 3-week follow-up test. Regarding the Stop-Signal Task, stop signal delay time (SSD) and go signal reaction time (GORT) of the mindfulness group were longer than those of the control group at both post-test and the 3-week follow-up test. Longer SSD and GORT indicated a decrease of inhibition deficit. However, stop signal reaction time (SSRT) was not significantly different between the mindfulness group and the control group. Implications for results of this study and suggestions for future research were discussed.