Earticle

日高(2012)의 연구에 의하면, 1981년부터 2014년까지의 35년간 일본 기업들의 평균 매출 영업이익률과 총자본 영업이익률이 장기적으로 하락하였다고 한다. 일본적 경영으로 세계적으로 칭송을 받았던 일본 기업들의 경쟁력이 왜 80년대부터 하락하였는가? 경쟁력 하락 원인에 대해서는 여러 가지 설명이 있었지만 본 논문에서는 일본의 유통산업의 변화를 통하여 이를 설명하였다. 유통산업은 제조기업의 가치사슬 중 하류를 담당하는 산업인데 이 산업의 변화가 제조기업의 경쟁력에 커다란 영향을 미친다. 특히 일본기업들은 일본경제의 성장기에 유통계열화를 기반으로 유통의존형 사업모델을 구축하고는 이를 기반으로 성장해 왔다. 하지만 소비자의 소비 경험이 축적되고 소비자의 가격 민감도가 높아지자 유통산업에서 카테고리 킬러형 전문점과 양판점이 급속히 성장하였다. 이들은 제조 기업의 판매 대리점 보다는 소비자의 구매 대리점을 표방하며 가격을 파괴하자 정가 판매, 전속적 거래 등을 기반으로 하는 일본 기업들의 사업모델도 붕괴되어 갔다. 그 결과 제조 기업들의 이익률도 장기적으로 하락해 갔으며 기업들의 경쟁력도 함께 약화되어 갔다. 본 논문에서는 일본의 대표적인 산업의 하나인 가전 산업과 화장품 산업에 대한 사례연구를 바탕으로 이를 규명하였다

According to Hitaka’s (2012) research, the return on sales and return on total assets of Japanese companies have been gradually decreasing over the 35 years period between 1981 and 2014. So why did the competitiveness of Japanese companies, which have been praised for their Japanese management style worldwide, start decreasing since the eighties? The drop in competitiveness of Japanese companies has been explained in various ways. However, this paper explains it through the changes of the Japanese distribution system. In a value chain of a manufacturing company, the distribution system is responsible for downstream activities. Any change of this system has a huge impact on the competitiveness of a manufacturing firm. Especially for Japanese companies, which have created a distribution-dependent business model through Keiretsu during the Japanese economic growth period, and have consequently grown based on it. But huge changes took place in 1980's. First of all, Japanese consumers changed. They have amassed customer experiences and became price-sensitive. Especially in the nineties, with the persisting recession, customers began looking for cheap prices. Secondly, such a change in consumers’ behavior caused rapid growth of “category killer” and discounter stores in the distribution sector. These were no longer sales agents for the manufacturing companies but rather purchasing agents for consumers. As a result, the Japanese companies’ business model, which was based on exclusive transactions and sales at a fixed-price, slowly collapsed. The high profits that these companies used to enjoy thanks to the traditional business model started decreasing. And all this consequently lead to the weakening of Japanese firms’ competitiveness. This paper presents the explanation as above based on case studies of some of Japan’s most representative industries: consumer-electronics and cosmetics.

본 논문에서는 전기 배전시스템에서 부하단의 실시간 변화에 따른 배전시스템의 안정적인 운용을 가능하게 하기 위해서 유전자 알고리즘 방법을 사용한 방법에 대해서 연구하였다 배전시스템의 안정적인 운용은 각각의 배전 구역에서의 안정성을 향상시킨다는 중요한 장점을 가지고 있다 본 논문에서는 배전계통에서 가장 어려운 것으로 평가되는 접속절차에 대한 접근을 기반의 신뢰성 모델에 기초하여 수행하였다 유전자 알고리즘은 일반적인 생물계에서의 생존을 위한 진화의 과정을 구현한 것으로서 본 논문에서는 개의 노드와 개의 배전영역을 갖는 배전시스템을 대상으로 유전자 알고리즘을 적용한 배전시스템 최적화를 구현하였다

In this paper presents a new approach to evaluate reliability indices of electric distribution systems using genetic Algorithm (GA). The use of reliability evaluation is an important aspect of distribution system planning and operation to adjust the reliability level of each area. In this paper, the reliability model is based on the optimal load transferring problem to minimize load generated load point outage in each sub-section. This approach is one of the most difficult procedures and become combination problems. A new approach using GA was developed for this problem. GA is a general purpose optimization technique based on principles inspired from the biological evolution using metaphors of mechanisms such as natural selection, genetic recombination and survival of the fittest. Test results for the model system with 24 nodes 29 branches are reported in the paper.

Although quantum mechanics guarantees the security of the quantum key distribution system, it is crucial to examine whether the implementation flaws can lead to the disclosure of sensitive information. In this paper, we propose the side-channel attack on the key reconciliation in the quantum key distribution system. In this system, the sifted key and the syndrome are used to derive a shared secret key between two users. From our attack, these can be fully recovered through a single power consumption trace measured during the syndrome computation on the sender’s side. Additionally, we propose efficient countermeasures to thwart such side-channel attacks.

2 K superfluid helium cryogenic system is the crucial component of many large accelerators. When the cryogenic system is operating at 2K@3129Pa, many room-temperature parts are connected to superfluid helium via tubes. Air Leakage in these connections may lead to air contamination of the cryogenic system. Air contamination may cause equipment failure in cryogenic systems and, in extreme cases, render the entire accelerator system inoperable. Helium guard is a technique that guards against air contamination of these sub-atmospheric pressure connections in 2 K superfluid helium cryogenic system. This paper introduces a typical 2 K cryogenic distribution design for large accelerators, and make risk analysis of air contamination. Finally, the analysis of specific leakage points and detailed engineering design are presented, which may be used as a reference when designing of a 2 K superfluid helium cryogenic distribution system.

본 연구는 한국의 재해의연금 지원체계의 개선방향을 모색하고자, 미국과 일본의 재해의연금 지급체계에 대하여 정부의 개입방식, 기탁자의 의사 반영, 의연금의 사용, 지원체계의 네 가지 차원으로 구분하여 분석을 실시하였다. 분석에 사용된 자료는 인터뷰 조사를 통하여 수집하였으며, 이를 토대로 국내의 의연금 지원제도 상에서 적용한 가능한 지원체계의 발전방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 특히, 의연금 지급 원칙의 수립 필요성과 방향, 지원방법과 내용의 개선과제를 제안하였다.

Many activities are going on in the field of disasters not only for helping disaster victims recover from damages caused by disasters but also for raising relief donations to console the victims. One of important issues related to the distribution of relief donations is the construction of an efficient support system for improving current relief donation distribution, setting new directions to of relief donation distribution programs for various relief activities, and criteria, methods and operation for the fair and quick distribution of relief donations. Based on problems in the Korean relief donation management system, this study examined the background and systems of relief donation distribution in the U.S. and Japan and conducted a case study in order to suggest strategies for the efficient distribution of relief donations in Korea. Based on the results of this study, we suggested future tasks for improving the efficiency of relief donation distribution in Korea as follows: First, establishing rational criteria for relief donation distribution. Second, improving the direct support systems of relief donations. Third, improving efficiency related to indirect support. In addition, this study suggested short- and long-term improvements including the continuity of cash support, the necessity of emergency relief support, the preparation of long-term plans, the institutionalization of relief donation distribution, and the diversification of relief services contents.

Logistics as the world's "third profit source" of its large impact on the economy can be imagined, and now in the growing electronic commerce, logistics and distribution is getting prominent role, thus forming a unique e-commerce logistics and distribution. Paper model Jingdong, Jingdong as the representative of e-commerce businesses, which use selflogistic, business logistics and distribution strengths and weaknesses, and to identify the presence.cs distribution model and combination model TPL very representative.

Logistics as the world's "third profit source" of its large impact on the economy can be imagined, and now in the growing electronic commerce, logistics and distribution is getting prominent role, thus forming a unique e-commerce logistics and distribution. Paper model Jingdong, Jingdong as the representative of e-commerce businesses, which use selflogistic, business logistics and distribution strengths and weaknesses, and to identify the presence.cs distribution model and combination model TPL very representative.

In recent years, with the popularity of smart mobile phone, the arrival of the mobile Internet makes e-commerce got further development, but the development of logistics industry is relatively backward, has become the biggest bottleneck in the development of electronic commerce, this paper first analyzes the development of electronic commerce is then proposed to establish and improve the electronic commerce the distribution system of measures, takes various factors into consideration, take effective methods to make the optimization of the distribution system.

국내 전력계통의 구조는 지방지역의 발전전력이 수도권으로 송배전되는 구조이다. 이에 10차 전력수급계 획에서 전력계통의 총 발전용량은 최대 234.3[GW]으로 설계되었다. 원자력발전은 31.7[GW](13.2[%]), 재생에너지 는 108.3[GW](45.7[%])을 차지한다. 그러나 대용량 발전전력(원자력, 화력)의 송전을 위한 비수도권에서 수도권으 로 수송하는 송전선로 용량은 부족하게 전력계통이 운영되고 있다. 또한, 연평균부하 66.2[GW]에 대한 신재생에너 지원의 변동성 문제에서 원자력이용을 통해 계통운영의 신뢰성 향상이 필요하다. 국내의 전력계통은 약 160[TWh]에 도달할 것으로 예상되며, 원활한 계통을 위해서는 다른 대안이 필요하다. 본 논문은 10차 전력수급계 획에서 간과된 비수도권 발전 송전용량을 개선하고 운영적 대안을 제시하기 위해 고려되었다.

The total domestic power generation capacity of the power system has been designed as the 10th power supply and demand plan with the goal of maximum of 234.3[GW] on a summer base. It would be planned to be installed generation thtat nuclear power generation was 31.7 [GW] (13.2 [%]) and renewable energy was 108.3 [GW] (45.3 [%]).. However, the power system has been operated the lack of transmission capacity for large-capacity power generation(nuclear and thermal power) for transported from the non-metropolitan area to the metropolitan area. Also, it would be increased the reliability of the system operation due to the nuclear power in that volatility problem of renewable power sources for the average annual load of 66.2[GW]. This state would be expected to reach about 160[TWh] and, need to other alternatives. This paper was considered to improve and operational alternatives the transmission capacity of power generation in the non-metropolitan area overlooked in the 10th power supply and demand plan.

신월 빗물저류배수시설은 기 개발된 도시의 부족한 배수 능력을 보완하기 위하여 지하에 설치하는 대규모 도시홍수 방어 시설물이다. 본 터널로의 원활한 홍수 유입을 위하여 수직유입구 하부에 설치 하는 감세시설의 형태는 여러 가지 조건을 고려하여 결정되어진다. 본 연구에서는 신월 빗물저류배 수시설의 적정 감세지 깊이를 산정하기 위하여 수리모형실험을 수행하였는데 실험 조건은 감세지 조건 3가지와 유입 유량조건 6가지에 대하여 수행하였다. 그 결과 유입유량이 증가할수록 깊이가 다른 3가지 감세지 시나리오 모두 바닥면에서의 최고압력은 증가하였다. 최대 압력의 경우 시나리오 B와 C에서 비슷한 것으로 분석되었다. 그리고 깊이가 다른 3가지 감세지 시나리오에서 유량이 증가 함에 따라 최고압력, 최소압력 측정위치가 변화하는 것은 상부 수직갱에서의 회전력에 의한 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 신월 빗물저류배수시설의 적정 감세지 깊이는 시나리오B가 가장 최적 인 것으로 판단된다.

Shinwol rainwater storage and drainage system is a large-scale urban underground facility for flood protection to supplement insufficient drainage capacity of the existing cities. For the smooth flow of flood water into the main tunnel, several conditions are considered to determine the type of energy reduction facility to be installed below the drop shaft. In this study, a hydraulic model experiment was conducted to calculate the most appropriate depth of plunge pool for Shinwol rainwater storage and drainage system. The experimental scenarios were designed with three depths of plunge pool and six discharges. It is found that the maximum pressure on the bottom surface increased for all three depths of plunge pools when the inflow discharge increased. The change in the location with the maximum and minimum pressure according to the increase in the inflow discharge for each scenario was considered to be due to a rotatory force in the upper drop shaft. This study found the scenario B as the optimal depth for Shinwol rainwater storage and drainage system.

정부의 범위와 역할이 확대되고 그 활동내용이 다양해지면서 정부차원에서 생산되는 정보량도 지속적으로 증가하게 되었을 뿐만 아니라 정부가 생산한 정보는 국민이 국가정책을 이해하는데 중요한 정보원이 되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 우리나라 정부간행물의 발간정책과 최근 발간경향을 살펴보았으며 정부가 생산한 정보의 합리적 배포체계를 위해 법적, 제도적, 기술적 측면에서 분석하였다.

Government agency information has steadily increased as the role of government has expanded, and information provided by the government is increasingly a significant source for the public's understanding of government policy. Further, this information is an important resource for academic research oriented toward national development. However, in South Korea the distribution system for government information is far from ideal. This paper critiques that system. It begins with a short history of Korean government publishing policy, followed by a more detailed look at recent publishing trends. It then goes on to describe the legal, institutional, and technical aspects of Korean government's distribution of its information, focusing on weaknesses that prevent information from reaching those who desire or need it.

이 글은 해방 이후부터 1980년대까지 북한이 사회주의 국가를 수립, 유지하기 위해 북한식 사회주의 이념에 맞는 ‘인민’을 만드는 과정에서 작동하는 젠더 정치를 밝히는 것을 목적으로 한다. 구체적으로 북한 체제의 물적, 제도적 기반이었던 배급과 성분-당원제도를 살펴보았다. 배급은 수령-인민의 관계를 호혜관계로 설정하는 기본적인 제도이자 장치로, 인민의 정체성과 역할을 구성해낸다. ‘성분-당원’제도는 사회주의 국가의 구성원이 갖춰야 할 가치와 행위양식을 규정하고, 그에 따라 주민들을 위계화함으로써 주민들을 사회적, 정치적 존재로 구성하였다. 배급이라는 물질적 분배 방식은 세대주 남성을 중심으로 이루어지면서 가정 내 여성과 남성의 위계를 설정하였고, 남성 생계부양자 이데올로기를 유지, 강화시켰다. 그리고 분배 내용에서 성별 차이는 여성을 동원하는 장치로 작동하였다. 항일혁명전통의 역사를 근거로 하는 ‘성분-당원’제도는 남성 중심의 질서를 유지하는 근간이 되었다. 성분과 입당여부를 결정하는 혁명성과 당성의 기준은 남성화된 노동과 능력이었고, 그에 따른 헤게모니적 남성성을 구성해냄으로써 남성지배구조를 유지, 재생산해 나갔다. 결국 북한의 인민만들기의 제도적 장치였던 배급과 성분-당원제도는 남성중심의 지배질서를 유지하고, 남성 권력을 강화하였으며, 그에 따라 여성과 남성을 동등한 인민으로 구성하는 것이 아니라 위계화하는 결과를 낳았다.

The purpose of this study is to reveal the gender politics that had operated in the course of making the people compliant to the idea of the North Korean socialism to establish and maintain a socialist state from liberation to the 1980s. In the concrete, distribution and the status-partisan system that supported North Korea as a socialist system will be examined. Distribution as a basic system and device to set up Suryong-the people relationship as reciprocity relation. The partisan system regulates the values and behavioral mode that should be prepared by the members of a socialist state. The distribution method strengthened and maintained the power of men. In addition, regarding distribution contents, gender difference operated as a device to mobilize women. Because of the partisan system in which the history of the men focused anti-Japanese revolutionary tradition was an element to decide status, it became the foundation to maintain gender hierarchy. Furthermore, the criteria of the revolutionary quality and partisanship that decide status and admission to the party specially evaluated masculine labor and ability and accordingly, hegemonic masculinity was composed to maintain and recreate the patriarchal structure. At the end, distribution and the partisan system that systemically supported making the people of North Korea maintained gender hierarchy and reinforced patriarchal power.

Greeting the globalization and information period of 21C, the improvement of the distributional system structure and modernization of publishing distribution are the seriously required periodic assignments for the publishing industry that is a national knowledge and culture industry to be equipped with the core competitiveness. First, it is to found a large distributional organization that is able to provide total logistics services in time that is essential to the publishing company and bookstore. Second, it is to have a logistics service to act up to the variable requirements of customers such as publishing companies and bookstores under the rapidly changing distribution environment. Third, it is to provide the standardized information of publishing distribution. It is needed to establish a total distributional center in collaboration to satisfy the requirements of publishing industry as above. By doing this work, structure of the publishing distribution system can be improved and its constitution can be strengthen, and it is possible not only to construct a stable supply system but also to realize an information-based system in the publishing industry with the construction of information system and its utilization. Furthermore, the application of RFID in the publishing distribution is essentially required to provide the symbolic model and logistics infrastructure into the 'Paju publishing culture information industrial complex'. It could be possible by growing the international recognition regarding distribution environment and strengthening the international competitiveness in the period of the ""Open door"uot;"Open door"door&"uot;

현존하는 대부분의 인터넷 보안 프로토콜은 소인수분해 문제의 수학적 복잡도에 기초한 고전적인 암호화 알고리즘에 의존하고 있으나, 이러한 고전 알고리즘은 양자 컴퓨터의 공격에 취약하다고 알려져 있다. 최근 양자 컴퓨팅 기술이 비 약적으로 발전하면서 기존 통신의 물리 및 네트워크 계층 보안을 위해 양자키분배 기술을 적용하는 것이 국제적으로 필수적인 과제가 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 성형 네트워크에 적용하기 위한 plug & play 방식의 양자키분배 장치를 제작 하고, 생성된 양자키를 IPSec의 키 교환 과정에 이용함으로써 기존 IPSec 장치와 연동 실험한 결과를 보고하고자 한다.

Most of the internet security protocols rely on classical algorithms based on the mathematical complexity of the integer factorization problem, which becomes vulnerable to a quantum computer. Recent progresses of quantum computing technologies have highlighted the need for applying quantum key distribution (QKD) on existing network protocols. We report the development and integration of a plug & play QKD device with a commercial IPSec device by replacing the session keys used in IPSec protocol with the quantum ones. We expect that this work paves the way for enhancing security of the star-type networks by implementing QKD with the end-to-end IP communication.