Earticle

본 연구는 지역균형발전을 위해 정부에서 추진한 혁신도시 조성에 따른 청년인구 유입효과를 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 구체적으로 첫째, 대도시 및 중소도시 입지유형별로 청년인구 유입효과를 비교분석하며, 둘째, 청년인구 유입을 수도권과 비수도권에서의 청년인구 순유입률로 구분하여 분석하고자 한다. 이를 위해 비수도권 지역 162개 시･군･구를 대상으로 2007~2019년까지 시계열 자료를 구축하여 이중차분법(DID)을 통해 분석하였다. 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 혁신도시 조성에 따른 청년인구 유입효과를 대도시 입지형과 중소도시 입지형으로 구분하여 분석한 결과, 대도시 입지형은 혁신도시 조성으로 인한 청년인구 유입효과가 통계적으로 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 중소도시 입지형은 수도권과 비수도권에서의 청년인구 유입효과가 모두 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다. 이는 대도시의 경우 청년인구가 정착할 수 있는 양호한 환경이 구축되어 있기 때문에 혁신도시 조성으로 인한 환경개선 변화가 상대적으로 크지 않은 것으로 판단된다. 반면, 기존 인프라가 부족한 중소도시의 경우 혁신도시 조성에 따른 지역 여건 개선 효과가 상대적으로 크게 나타난 것으로 판단된다. 둘째, 중소도시에서 혁신도시 조성은 수도권보다 비수도권에서의 청년인구 유입효과가 더 크게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 혁신도시 조성이 비수도권 내 청년인구 유출을 방지하는 효과가 크게 작용하였고, 이와 함께 수도권에서의 청년인구를 유입하는 효과도 있어 지역균형발전이라는 혁신도시 정책목표 달성에 기여하였다는 점을 시사한다. 본 연구는 최근 청년인구의 수도권 집중화 현상이 심화되고 있는 상황에서 지역균형발전의 일환으로 추진된 혁신도시 조성이 청년인구 유입에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤음을 확인하였으며, 특히 대도시보다 중소도시에 입지한 혁신도시에서의 효과가 통계적으로 유의미하게 나타났다는 점에서 연구의 의의를 찾을 수 있을 것이다.

Our study analyses youth population influx following the government’s Innovation City projects for balanced regional development policy. To this end, we constructed panel data from 2007 to 2019 for 119 local governments in non-Seoul Metropolitan Areas and analysed them using a Difference-in-Difference(DID) model. Our main findings are as follows: First, the analysis of the influx of youth population by location types of large cities and small and medium-sized cities confirmed that the influx of youth population due to the development of an Innovation City was not statistically significant in a location type of a large city. However, a location type of a small and medium-sized city showed a statistically significant influx of youth population in the Seoul Metropolitan Area(SMA) and non-Seoul Metropolitan Area(non-SMA). Consequently, the Innovation City projects had a positive effect on the influx of the youth population in a situation where the concentration of the youth population in the SMA is intensifying. In particular, the significance of the study can be found in that the effect in innovation cities located in small and medium-sized cities was statistically significant rather than in large cities.

비선호시설(Locally Unwanted Land Use)의 입지가 주변지역의 부동산시장에 부정적인 영향을 미친다는 것은 다수의 선행연구를 통해 이미 밝혀진 바가 있다. 대표적으로 차량기지와 같이 도시공간에서 대규모 면적을 차지하며 주변 네트워크의 단절을 초래할 뿐만 아니라 지속적으로 소음과 분진을 발생시키는 시설을 예로 들 수 있다. 하지만 비선호시설이 도시개발사업으로 인해 도시기능과 이미지를 탈바꿈하면서 생기는 영향을 주택시장과 연계해 분석한 사례는 드물다. 따라서 본 연구는 지난 20여 년간 개발에 대한 논의가 꾸준히 이루어지고 있는 노원구 창동차량기지 대상으로 도시 재개발 관련 계획의 발표가 창동차량기지에 인접한 아파트 매매가격에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 대규모 개발사업의 특성상 프로젝트 발표일이 한 시점으로 정리되기 어려운 점을 고려하여 지난 12년간 이루어진 2010, 2014, 2018년, 총 세 번의 전국동시지방선거에서 개발계획이 발표된 날짜를 기준으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과 2010년에는 개발발표 전후 차량기지 인접성이 가격의 하락 요소였으나, 그 영향은 시간이 지나면서 완화되어 2018년 개발발표 후에는 인접한 지역에 양의 가격프리미엄이 형성된 것을 확인하였다. 이는 창동차량기지가 선거를 통해 비선호시설 재개발에 대한 구상을 구체화한 점이 영향을 미친 것으로 보인다. 비선호시설 인접성은 계획 환경과 시기에 따라 주택가격에 대한 영향을 달리하는 것으로 나타났다.

Urban redevelopment projects that transform the urban function and image of locally unwanted land use facilities can improve the quality of the living environment and also generate the expectation of a rise in real estate values in and around the project site. Prior studies show that urban development projects can activate the housing market and induce speculation. The release of plans or blueprints of such projects is often closely related to local elections. This paper examines the influence of the announcement of transforming locally unwanted land use on housing prices near Chang-dong Garage in Nowon-gu, Seoul. The study site, a facility considered a LULU, has been receiving public attention for the past two decades. Focusing on the initial announcement date of the development plan which coincides with local elections in 2010, 2014, and 2018, apartment sales data in Nowon-gu are examined using Difference-in-Difference Hedonic price models. The results showed that proximity to the garage location was negatively associated with the housing price in 2010, but its influence changed positively in the 2018 model. The findings imply that the influence of LULU on housing price can be changed by policy and environment development of a specific period and a refinement level of election pledges seem to be associated with the size of the influence.

본 연구는 정부의 수출지원이 중소기업의 수출에 미치는 효과를 수출모형을 기반으로 실증⋅분석하였다. 이러한 분석을 위해 2005～2008년 기간 동안 정부의 중소기업 수출지원금 자료, 전체산업을 대상으로 한 중소기업 수출통계와 기업의 재무제표자료를 통합한 패널자료를 구축하여 이 연구에 최초로 사용되었다. 정부의 수출지원 정책의 효과를 분석함에 있어서 대응적 사실의 문제를 조절하기 위해 DID 기법을 사용하였고 수출지원금의 내생성 문제를 완화하기 위하여 2단계 Tobit 모형을 활용하였다. 이 연구의 핵심적 추정결과를 보면, 우선 정부의 수출지원에 대한 추정계수는 전체기업을 대상으로 하거나 DID 표본 기업을 대상으로 추정하거나 관계없이 모든 모형에서 수출지원이 수출에 긍정적인 역할을 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 정부의 수출지원금의 추정계수가 모든 모형에서 양(+)의 부호로 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다. 이는 정부의 수출지원이 중소기업의 수출에 긍정적인 효과를 미친다는 것을 시사한다. 다음으로, 정부의 수출지원금의 내생성과 표본선정 편의를 고려한 추정결과에서도 정부의 수출지원은 모든 모형에서 중소기업의 수출에 통계적으로 유의하게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 정부의 수출지원정책이 중소기업의 수출에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있음을 재확인할 수 있다. 마지막으로, 기업 업력과 종업원 1인당 연구개발투자에 대한 추정계수는 전체적으로 양(+)의 부호로 유의하게 나타났다. 이 결과는 기업 업력이 높아질수록 수출 인프라가 형성이 되기 쉽고 기술력이 누적되어 수출역량이 높아지는 것을 시사한다. 또한 근로자 1인당 연구개발비는 수출에 양의 부호로 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 중소기업의 수출지원 대상을 선정함에 있어서 기업의 업력과 연구개발비 등을 고려한다면 수출지원 정책의 효과를 더욱 제고할 수 있음 시사한다

This paper investigates export effects of government subsidy to Korean small and medium sized enterprises(SMEs) based on the export model. The paper employs a unique data set on government export subsidy to SMEs over the period 2004～2008 for listed and non-listed companies. Two characteristics of the distribution of export among SMEs and government subsidy create estimation problem. First, a large portion of small and medium sized firms does not export actually. Second, government export subsidy can be endogenous where government may subsidize the SMEs which are selected on the basis of their firm performance and export activities as well. Because of these two characteristics, ordinary least squares applied directly to the export model would yield imprecise and possibly inconsistent estimates of the effects of export subsidy and other factors on export for SMEs. For these reasons, the paper controls for the distributional problem of export and endogeneity of export subsidy using a Tobit procedure, and for counterfactuals between government subsidy and SME's exporting using the DID method. DID estimator can mitigate the selection bias caused by the counterfactual outcomes, using non-subsidized firms to evaluate what would have happen to subsidized firms if they had not been subsidized by the government The DID estimator, nevertheless, could have the potential endogeneity problem which may arise when the probability of being selected by government is correlated with error terms. Our empirical results show that estimated coefficients for export subsidy to SMEs are positively significant regardless of sample size, either all firms or the DID sample firms. This implies that government export subsidy should be positively associated with SMEs' exports. Next, estimated coefficients for firm age and R&D investment per worker are found to be significantly different from zero. This implies that export subsidy effects could be expanded when government should provide export subsidy to more R&D-investing and more experienced SMEs. In sum, our empirical findings suggest that the Korean government export subsidy policy should play an important role in promoting export by lowering manufacturing costs of the SMEs. In this context, the Korean subsidy policy seems to be partly successful to stimulate export of SMEs.

Purpose: This study investigated the influence of attention-demanding tasks on gait and measured differences in the temporal, spatial and kinematic characteristics between young healthy adults and elderly healthy adults. Methods: We recruited 16 healthy young adults and 15 healthy elderly adults in this study. All participants performed two cognitive tasks: a subtraction dual-task (SDT) and working memory dual-task (WMDT) during gait plus one normal gait. Using the LEGSys+ system, knee and hip-joint kinematic data during stance and swing phase and spatiotemporal parameter data were assessed in this study. Results: In the elderly adult group, attention-demanding tasks with gait showed a significant decrease in hip-joint motion during the stance phase, compared to the normal gait. Step length, stride length and stride velocity of the elderly adult group were significantly decreased in WMDT gait compared to normal gait (p<0.05). In the young adult group, kinematic data did not show any significant difference. However, stride velocity and cadence during SDT and WMDT gaits were significantly decreased compared to those of normal gait (p<0.05). Conclusion: We determined that attention-demanding tasks during gait in elderly adults can induce decreased hip-joint motion during stance phase and decreased gait speed and stride length to maintain balance and prevent risk of falling. We believe that understanding the changes during gait in older ages, particularly during attention-demanding tasks, would be helpful for intervention strategies and improved risk assessment.

Purpose: We investigated the difference in injury of the corticospinal tract (CST) and the spinothalamic tract (STT) in patients with putaminal hemorrhage, using diffusion tensor tractography (DTT). Methods: Thirty one consecutive patients with PH and 34 control subjects were recruited for this study. DTT scanning was performed at early stage of PH (7-63 days), and the CST and STT were reconstructed using the Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Brain (FMRIB) Software Library program. Injury of the CST and STT was defined in terms of the configuration or abnormal DTT parameters was more than 2 standard deviations lower than that of normal control subjects. Results: Among 31 patients, all 31 patients (100%) had injury of the CTS, whereas 25 patients (80.6%) had injury of the STT: the incidence of CST injury was significantly higher than that of STT (p<0.05). In detail, 20 (64.5%) of 31 patients showed a discontinuation of the CST in the affected hemisphere; in contrast, 14 patients (45.2%) of 31 patients showed a discontinuation of the STT in the affected hemisphere. Regarding the FA value, 6 (19.4%) of 31 patients and 2 (6.4%) of 31 patients were found to have injury in the CST and STT, respectively. In terms of the fiber number, the same injury incidence was observed in 11 patients (35.5%) in both the CST and STT. Conclusion: The greater vulnerability of the CST appears to be ascribed to the anatomical characteristics; the CST is located anteriorly to the center of the putamen compared with the STT.

Adulthood Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) debilitates high-level executive functioning, attention and im- pulse control. There is a lack of consensus regarding the specific cognitive markers for ADHD compared with other psychiat- ric disorders that show attention-related problems as secondary symptoms. This study aimed to aid clinicians in utilizing ex- isting tools for intelligence and cognitive function by investigating the key variables that differentiate ADHD from other men- tal disorders. As preliminary research, the study compared the performances of 35 patients with ADHD and 26 patients diag- nosed with other neurotic disorders on the Korean Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (K-WAIS-IV), Conners Continuous Perceptual Test 3rd Edition (CPT 3) and Conners Continuous Auditory Test of Attention (CATA). The ADHD group per- formed significantly lower on the Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI) and Working Memory Index (WMI) of K-WAIS-IV; the difference was significant in Similarity, Vocabulary and Arithmetic subtests. Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI) and VCI differed significantly in the ADHD group unlike their neurotic counterpart. Of the variables in CPT 3, only detection differ- entiated ADHD from other neurotic disorders. Our results implicate there are novel standards and key variables that should be considered when differentiating ADHD from other psychiatric disorders.

Background: The range of pelvic tilt is one of modifiable risk factors in preventing the lower back pain. Objects: The purpose of this study were to compare the range of pelvic tilt motion by testing position and sex. Methods: One hundred five young adults (61 females and 44 males) agreed to participate in measuring the anterior and posterior pelvic tilt with the PALM (Palpation Meter) in sitting and standing. The range of pelvic tilt motion was defined as the difference between the pelvic anterior and posterior tilt angles. Results: In general, the anterior pelvic tilt was greater (p < 0.01) in standing than in sitting and the posterior pelvic tilt was lesser (p < 0.01) in sitting than in standing. The anterior pelvic tilt in sitting and standing was greater (p < 0.01) in the females than in the males. However, the effect of sex on the posterior pelvic tilt was only significant in sitting (p < 0.01), but not in standing (p = 0.78). The range of pelvic tilt was greater (p = 0.03) in sitting but not significantly (p = 0.07) affected by the sex. Conclusion: The pelvic tilt motion in these young adults showed large variability and further studies are needed to understand better its relationship to the prevalence of the lower back disorders.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate sex differences in the effect of body mass index (BMI) and stress on high-risk diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: Secondary analysis of data from 4,271 male and female adults participating in the Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015 was performed. The participants were evaluated using questionnaires and blood tests. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, χ2-test, and multiple logistic regression analysis (SPSS 24.0). Results: To identify sex-specific effects, interaction variables were included. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level was higher in men than in women, and the risk of DM decreased 0.31 times in women compared to that in men. As age increased, the odds of risk DM increased 1.03. The risk of DM increased 1.99 times in overweight individuals and 2.79 times for obese individuals compared to that in individuals with normal weight. Stress levels were higher in women than in men, but stress is not an influential factor in high-risk DM. In age-sex interaction, the odds of risk DM increased 1.02 in women compared to that in men as age increased. Conclusion: HbA1c level was affected by age-sex interaction, and age and sex should be considered in the application of HbA1c in the diagnosis of DM.

Purpose: This study examined the effects of subjective visual vertical perception and head orientation on static balance control. Methods: The subjects were 25 young and healthy adults. The vertical perception was measured using a subjective visual vertical (SVV), and the Center of pressure (COP) parameter was analyzed by continuously measuring the movement of the COP to determine the changes in static postural control. The group was divided based on a deviation of 3° in SVV (11 of SVV≥3°, 14 of SVV<3°) and measured with different head orientations: front, up, down, left, and right in the upright and tandem positions, respectively. Results: In the upright position, the SVV≥3° group had significantly larger values for all COP parameters (Sway length, Surface, Delta X, Delta Y, and Average speed) compared to the SVV<3° group (p<0.05). In the tandem stance, only the Ellipse Surface value was significantly larger among the COP parameters in the group with SVV≥3° compared to the group with SVV<3°(p<0.05). In contrast, the other COP parameters were not significantly different (p>0.05). The effects of static balance control on the head orientation were not statistically significant (p>0.05), and the interactions between the subjective vertical perception and head orientation were not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that pathological deviations in SVV are associated with impaired static balance performance. This study can provide a therapeutic rationale for using visuospatial cognitive feedback training to improve the static balance.

Purpose: This study sought to compare the muscle activity of the deltoid muscle according to the range of motion during the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) upper extremity D2 pattern exercise performed with an isokinetic exercise device. The aim was to provide basic data for selecting an exercise for the relevant segment of the range of motion to enhance function in clinical practice. Methods: In this study, the relevant measurements of the anterior and middle trapezius of 25 healthy adults were taken using a surface electromyography system. The upper extremity pattern exercise was performed in three ranges (0% to 50%, 50% to 100%, and 25% to 75%) using the upper extremity isokinetic device. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the muscle activity ratios of the anterior and middle deltoid muscles according to the measurement conditions (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the activity ratio of the middle deltoid muscle according to the measurement conditions in the ratio from the start range to the end range (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the muscle onset time difference according to the measurement conditions (p>0.05). Conclusion: The muscle activity of the anterior and middle deltoid muscles was analyzed according to the range of motion during the PNF upper extremity pattern exercise performed with an isokinetic device. The results could be used as a basis for selecting exercises for the relevant segment of the range of motion according to the function to be emphasized.

PURPOSE: The present study aimed to measure muscle activities in the pectoralis major, the erector spinae, and the quadriceps femoris according to support surface states of arms and legs during plank exercise. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 21 healthy males in their 20s and their muscle activities at three states were measured as follows: The first state was where the support surface of arms and legs was stable. The second state was where only arms were unstable, and the third state was where only legs were unstable. Electromyography (EMG) was used to measure muscle activities. Pectoralis major, quadriceps femoris, and elector spinae were measured for muscle activities. RESULTS: The muscle activities in the pectoralis major were statistically high when arms were unstable. The muscle activities in the quadriceps femoris were statistically high when legs were unstable. The muscle activities in the erector spinae were higher when arms and legs were unstable compared to that at the stable support surface. No significant difference was revealed statistically when arms and legs were unstable. CONCLUSION: If the instability of arms and legs is employed during plank exercise, exercise on the upper and lower bodies or the erector spinae is expected to be more effective.

The purpose of this paper was to concisely review the practical changes in MeHg concentrations in fetus and offspring throughout gestation and suckling from our recent animal and human studies. In the animal study, adult female rats were given a diet containing 5ug/g Hg (as MeHg) for 8 weeks. Then they were mated and subsequently given the same diet throughout gestation and suckling. On embryonic days 18, 20, 22 and at parturition, the concentrations of Hg in the brains of fetus were approximately 1.5-2.0 times higher than those in the mothers. However, during the suckling period Hg concentrations in the brain rapidly declined to about 1/10 of that during late pregnancy. Hg concentrations in blood also decreased rapidly after birth. In human study, Hg concentrations in red blood cells (RBC-Hg) in 16 pairs of maternal and umbilical cord blood samples were compared at birth and 3 months of age after parturition. RBC-Hg in the umbilical cords was about 1.6 times higher than those in the mothers at parturition. However, all the infants showed declines in Hg concentrations throughout the breast-feeding period. RBC-Hg at 3 months of age was about half that at birth. Both the animal and human studies indicated that MeHg exposure to the fetus might be especially high but it dramatically decreases during the suckling period. Therefore, close attention should be paid to the gestation rather than the breast-feeding period to avoid the risk of MeHg to human infants.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the difference in needs for physical activity among healthy women, women with physical limitations, and Korean immigrant women in the U.S., and a significant association between needs for physical activity and other sociodemographic and contextual variables. Methods Healthy Korean women (n=53), women with physical limitations (n=51), and Korean immigrant women in the U.S. (n = 54) were recruited using a convenience sampling method. The settings included cultural centers in Seoul, S University Hospital in Seoul, Korea, and Korean ethnic churches in California. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and needs for physical activity were collected using questionnaires. Group difference in needs for physical activity and difference in needs for physical activity according to sociodemographic and contextual variables were determined. Results There were significant differences in 11 needs for physical activity among the three groups (p < .05). The needs for physical activity were significantly different (p < .05) according to the categories of needs; affiliation, accomplishment and autonomy needs among the three groups. The needs for physical activity were significantly different (p < .05) according to sociodemographic and contextual variables. Conclusion Three groups of women had different needs for physical activity, and their needs for physical activity were influenced by multiple factors reflecting their daily lives in immigration transition and health/ illness transition.

Acetylcarnitine, a metabilite of carnitine, has been porven to be a potent inhibitor of ethanol oxidation in hepatocytes. It inhibits the activity of alcohol dehydrognase (ADH), but not the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system. which was significatly inhibited by acetylcarnitine at NAD ; acetylcarnitine $\leq$1. the main objectives of his study were to ascertain the interaction between acetylcarnitine and NAD on ADH activity and to elucidate whether different species have different effects. Tehpost-mocrosomal supernatant (PMS) was prepared from normal rat, guinea pig, mouse and broilers by differential centrifugation . Horse and yeast ADH were purchased from the Sigma Chemical Co. Prepared and purchased ADH are used for determination of ADH activity in the presence or absence of carnitine and acetylcar- nitine. Binding studies showed that acetylcarnitine did bind to ADH in a dose realted manner when low NAD ; acetylcar- nitine ratio was provided. It was found that the inhibitionof ADH activity occurred only when NAD concentration was less than the inhibitor concentration . Crystalline and crude ADH preparation from different vertebrate species wer inhibited by acetylcarnitine, whereas the yeast ADH was not affected by acetylcarnitine.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of health-related behaviors on metabolically healthy non-obese or obese groups and to analyze gender differences. Methods: This study was a secondary descriptive study. A total of 14,277 adults from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013~2015 were classified as: metabolically healthy non-obese; metabolically unhealthy non-obese; metabolically healthy obese; or metabolically unhealthy obese. Five health-related behaviors (amount of alcohol consumption, smoking status, physical activity, daily energy intake, and sleep duration) were included as independent variables. Results: The health-related behaviors associated with metabolic status in non-obese participants were drinking and smoking, whereas those of obese individuals were associated with physical activity. Subgroup analysis showed that more metabolically healthy non-obese men were light drinkers and former smokers than metabolically unhealthy non-obese men. Metabolically healthy non-obese women were more likely to engage in physical activity than metabolically unhealthy non-obese women. Among the obese men, light drinking and physical activity were associated with metabolic status. Conclusion: Evidence-based interventions promoting health-related behaviors are needed to support metabolic health, considering the metabolic status and obesity phenotypes of the participants and their gender.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of emotional arousal and cognitive load on pupil diameter during a lie detection interview. The guilty group (n = 30) committed a mock crime (i.e., stealing cash) and the innocent group (n = 30) performed a mission (i.e., sending a message) in the research assistant’s office. After that, their pupil size was measured using a wearable eye-tracker during the interview. The interview questions were classified with the three cognitive load, three emotional arousal, and three neutral questions. The results indicate that the main effects of group and time were not significant, but the interaction between group and time was significant. It means that when answering cognitive load questions, the guilty group showed larger increase in pupil diameter than the innocent group. The present study suggests that inducing cognitive load is more effective than inducing emotional arousal during an interview when using pupil diameter as an index of deception, and it is expected to improve the accuracy of lie detection.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the impact of self-efficacy in the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STD), knowledge of and susceptibility to STD, and the role of gender in sexual autonomy. Methods: Data were collected from 267 college students using self-report questionnaires during the period from the first to the twentieth of June 2015. Data were analyzed using x2 test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients, simple and multiple regression techniques with the PASW/WIN 20.0 program. Mediation analysis was performed according to the Baron and Kenny method and Sobel test. Results: In male students, self-efficacy for STD prevention showed a full mediating effect in the relationship between STD susceptibility and sexual autonomy (β=-.08, p=.370). But in female students, it had a partial mediating effect (β=-.25, p=.001). And self-efficacy for STD prevention showed partial mediating effects in the relationship between knowledge of STD and sexual autonomy in the both male (β=.25, p=.005) and female students (β=.33, p<.001). Conclusion: To enhance college students' sexual autonomy, it may be useful to build effective strategies enhancing students’ knowledge about and susceptibility to STD and to develop a self-efficacy promotion program for college students.

Objective: This study examined the effects of dynamic tape applied to the patellofemoral joint on the knee valgus angle, muscle activity, and ground reaction force during a single leg squat (SLS) and single leg landing (SLL). Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Twenty-four subjects (11 male, 13 female) who met the inclusion criteria were screened by the knee palpation and patella compression tests. First, the knee valgus angle and muscle activity during SLS were measured. Second, the knee valgus angle and ground reaction force during SLL were measured. For the intervention, a patella joint loop using dynamic tape was used. The knee valgus angle, muscle activities in SLS and SLL after the intervention, and the ground reaction force were measured in the same way. A paired t-test was used to examine the difference between before and after the intervention. Results: The knee valgus angle showed a statistically significant improvement after dynamic taping application in SLS and SLL (p<0.05). The differences in muscle activity of the VL/VMO and ground reaction forces were not statistically significant after dynamic taping application in SLS and SLL. Conclusions: This study showed that dynamic taping applied around the patellofemoral joint was effective in improving the knee valgus angle in SLS and SLL and had a reduced risk of secondary injury during sports activity.

.