Earticle

최근 지방자치주의가 강화되고, 문화관광 산업이 4차 산업혁명의 동력원으로까지 인식되자 지역 문화관광 산업의 활성화에 대한 연구의 중요성은 더 강조되고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 지역 문화관광상품의 개념과 유형 을 정리하고 이를 통해 연구 방향을 제시하였다. 연구방법으로는 문헌중심의 연구로 한국 지역 문화관광 산업의 내부적 요인과 외부적 요인을 SWOT분석방법으로 이용하였다. 본문에서는 지역 문화관광상품 개발에 현황을 대 표적 3곳을 선정하여 분석하였는데, 서울, 제주도, 경주 모두 지역 문화관광상품이 부족하다는 공통점을 발견하 였다. 또한 문화관광상품 개발의 경제적 측면뿐 아니라 문화발전이라는 역할을 통해 또 다른 가치를 찾았다. 이처 럼 중요성이 더욱 커진 지역 문화관광 산업의 활성화를 위해 차별화된 독창성 상품개발과 효율적 마케팅, 이를 뒷받침하는 법률적 보안까지 다방면으로 활성화 방안을 제시하였다. 본 연구가 문화관광 산업 연구자와 관련 업 계에 더 좋은 자료가 되기 위해서는 향후 여러 제약으로 실시하지 못한 자세한 설문조사가 곁들여진 연구가 진행 되어야 할 것이다.

With the recent strengthening of local autonomy and the recognition of the culture and tourism industry as a driving force for the fourth industrial revolution, the importance of research on the revitalization of the local culture and tourism industry is further emphasized. Thus, in this paper, the concept and type of local culture and tourism products were summarized and the research direction was presented through this. As a research method, the internal and external factors of the culture and tourism industry in Korea were used as the SWOT analysis method. In the text, three representative sites were selected and analyzed for the development of local cultural and tourism products, and Seoul, Jeju Island, and Gyeongju all found that they lacked local cultural and tourism products. It also found another value through its role of cultural development as well as the economic aspect of the development of cultural tourism products. In order to revitalize the local culture and tourism industry, which has become more important, the government proposed measures to promote differentiated creative products, efficient marketing, and legal security in various ways. In order for this study to be better data for researchers in the culture and tourism industry and related industries, research should be conducted with detailed surveys that could not be conducted due to various restrictions in the future.

This Research paper talking about the different valuable instruments and procedures that are utilized in a advancement of website. We moreover examie around the method take after in website for the most part centered on a neighborhood have named Xampp device .Another, we compare diverse advancement systems web application. In expansion, we talk about life cycle show and system advancement of web application. In this report, different survey papers result too included for understanding of issues can be confronting by the clients. This Paper tells around the innovations utilized in this development, PHP and clarified in result its functionality with Xampp with screenshots. It is trusted it'll gives a valuable system for directing the method.

본 연구는 9~47개월 영유아를 대상으로 자폐스펙트럼장애 위험군을 선별하기 위한 교사 보고용 설문 검사도구인 걸음마기 아동 행동 발달 선별 척도-교사용 설문지(BeDevel-Q/T: Behavior Development Screening for Toddlers-Questionnaire/Teacher)의 타당성을 검정하였다. 217명(일반발달군 179명, ASD군 32명, 발달지연군 6명) 대상으로 예비 조사를 실시하였다. 본 조사(총 1,936명, 이 중 일반발달군 1,833명, ASD군 62명, 발달지연군 41명)에서 예비 문항, M-CHAT, BITSEA의 자폐증 선별에 민감한 문항, K-DST의 사회성 영역을 측정하였다. 그 결과 9~11개월, 12~23개월, 24~35개월, 36~47개월로 구분되며, 월령별로 7~27개 문항으로 구성되고, 3개 하위요인이 도출되었다. BeDevel-Q/T와 M-CHAT, BITSEA의 자폐증 선별에 민감한 문항, K-DST의 사회성 영역과의 상관분석 및 일반발달 집단, ASD 집단, 발달지연 집단간 차이 분석을 활용하여 BeDevel- Q/T의 타당도를 검정하였고, 본 척도는 받아들일 만한 수준의 타당도를 보였다. BeDevel-Q/T는 민감도(50.0~85.0%), 특이도(59.6~84.8%), 문항 내적 일치도(Cronbach's α=.72~.76), 검사-재검사 신뢰도(R=.79~.94)에서도 높은 수준의 결과를 나타내었다. BeDevel-Q/T가 한국의 보육 및 교육환경에서 영유아기 ASD를 조기 선별하는 간편선별 도구로 유용하게 사용되기를 기대한다.

This study validified the Behavior Development Screening for Toddlers-Questionnaire/Teachers (BeDevel-Q/T), an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) screening instrument. This assessment serves the purpose of teacher reports for early screening of ASD on infants aged 9-47 months. Pilot tests were conducted on a total of 217 people(N=179 typical development, N=32 ASD, n=6+DD). A total of 1,936 participants were tested N = 1,833 typical development, N = 62 ASD, N = 41 developmentally delayed). The results showed a line between age ranges of 9-11 months, 12-23 months, 24-35 months and 36-47 months. Each age ranges consisted of 7-27 questionnaires and 3 subfactors. BeDevel-Q/T validity was tested by the general developmental criterion of BeDevel-Q/T, M-CHAT, Autism items from BITSEA and sociability items from K-DST. M-CHAT, Autism items from BITSEA and sociability items from K-DST were also employed and correlation analysis was performed and general differentiation factors between ASD, developmental delayed, and normal groups were also considered. Results showed a reasonable level of acceptability. BeDevel-Q/T showed high sensitivity (50.0-85.0%), specificity (59.60-84.8%), high internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.72-76) as well as high test-retest reliability (r=0.79-94). Our results suggest that BeDevel-Q/T might work as a useful short form screener for early identi?cation of ASD in primary care settings.

=A Study to Standardize the Child Development Review in Korea*

본 연구는 한국 다문화정책의 적극적인 구상 및 실천 방안으로서 공적개발원조에 대한 다문화청소년의 인식을 살펴보고 이들의 잠재 역량을 강화시킬 수 있는 공적개발원조 사업 참여를 위한 구체적인 방안을 제안하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 부모 중 한 명이 외국 출신이며 중·고등학교에 재학 중인 다문화청소년 194명을 조사 대상으로 하였다. 다문화청소년은 공적개발원조에 대한 중요성을 높게 인식하였으나, 공적개발원조 사업 참여에 대한 관심과 공적개발원조 관련 교육에 대한 참여경험 수준은 낮게 나타났다. 또한 자신의 공적개발원조 사업 참여 대한 관심은 낮았으나, 국제사회에서의 상호협력을 더욱 높이기 위하여 다문화청소년이 공적개발원조 사업에 적극적으로 참여해야 한다는 필요성에 대해서는 다소 높게 인식하였다. 본 연구결과는 다문화청소년의 다문화적 특성을 강점으로 부각하여 활용할 수 있는 미래 공적개발원조 인력 양성을 위한 방안 제시 및 차세대 리더로서 다문화청소년의 미래생활설계에 도움이 될 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to propose specific policies to expand and promote the possibility of multicultural adolescents to participate in the Official Development Assistance (ODA) program. The study examined multicultural adolescent’s perception about ODA, which to be used as fundamental guiding tool for fostering and leading potentials into high caliber multicultural adolescents as one of personnel at ODA in the future. Untrained multicultural adolescents cannot be put into the ODA activity immediately. But such tries as utilizing them is not only beneficial to individual but also from the perspective of a nation, it is beneficial, by enabling and widening door to multicultural family’s participation into society. Prepared trainee of ODA personnel will contribute by reducing social cost and saving time immensely. As a result, there is great possibility of new trend and new culture development spreading by multicultural adolescents, who have cultural-diversity as advantage. These trained multicultural adolescents will play a major role in enhancing competitiveness of Korea’s future.

본 연구의 목적은 이탈(derailment)과 관련된 어두운 성격요인의 남녀차이를 탐색적으로 살펴보고, 기존 연구(조인철, 김명소, 2010)에서 어두운 성격요인 중 일관되게 역기능적으로 구분되는 요인들이 남녀 모두에게 동일하게 도출되는지를 검증해 보며, 대학생활 효과성을 예측하는데 있어서 어두운 성격 요인의 남녀차이가 있는지를 확인하기 위함이다. 이를 위해 237명의 A대학 재학생들을 대상으로 어두운 성격 요인을 측정하기 위해 개발된 HDS(Hogan Development Survey)와 함께 HEXACO 성격검사, PAI(Personality Assessment Inventory) 및 대학생활 효과성 관련 척도(맥락수행, 직업기초능력, 심리적 안녕감, 삶의 만족도)를 실시하였다. 11개 요인 중 남자의 경우 양면적인, 자기과시적인, 무모한, 인기주의적 요인에서 높게 나타났으며, 변덕스러운, 보수적인 요인에서는 여자들이 더욱 높은 점수를 보였다. 나머지 비판적인, 무관심한, 자유분방한, 완벽주의적, 의존적인 요인에서는 통계적으로 유의미한 남녀차이가 나타나지 않았다. 어두운 성격요인과 다양한 변인들과의 관련성에서는 남녀에 상관없이 4개 요인(변덕스러운, 비판적인, 보수적인, 무모한)이 역기능적으로 작용하는 패턴을 보였는데, 이는 기존 연구 결과를 지지하는 것이다. 또한 어두운 성격 요인 일부는 대학생활 효과성 관련 척도를 예측하는 데 남녀 간의 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점에 대해 논의하였다.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate gender differences pertaining to the dark side of personality, which is related to derailment factors and their effect on college-life effectiveness, based on the HDS (Hogan Development Survey), which comprises 11 dysfunctional personalities. Specifically, the study was focused on (1) gender differences on the 11 HDS scales (2) gender differences on scales for characteristics, such as excitable, skeptical, cautious, and reserved (i.e., the cluster of moving away from people); these scales were consistently, positively related to the dark sides or clinical factors of PAI and negatively related to the bright side of personality (HEXACO), contextual performance, basic occupational competencies required for college students, psychological well-being, and life satisfaction, and (3) gender differences in the relationships between the HDS scales and the various criteria of college-life effectiveness. A total of 237 college students who applied to a leadership program of A university participated in the survey. The results of the mean difference analysis demonstrated that gender differences were observed on the 6 HDS scales. To be specific, female students reported a higher level of the HDS scales than male students in terms of being excitable and cautious. On the other hand, the HDS scales for leisurely, bold, mischievous, and colorful were higher for males than females. The rest of the HDS scales (skeptical, reserved, imaginative, diligent, and dutiful) showed no significant differences between males and females. Regardless of gender, excitable, skeptical, cautious, and reserved scales were shown to be positively related to dark side of personality and clinical factors of PAI as well as to be negatively related to bright side of personality, which supports the previous study results. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that different scales of HDS were the significant predictors for college life effectiveness for males and females. Suggestions for future research and practical implications were provided based on the findings.

본 연구에서는 우리나라 대학생을 대상으로 성격의 어두운 측면을 측정하기 위해 개발된 HDS(Hogan Development Survey)의 11개 이탈 요인에 대한 구성 타당도 일반화 가능성을 검토하고, 대학생의 맥락 수행, 직업기초능력, 심리적 안녕감 및 삶의 만족도 등 다양한 대학생활 효과성 변인들과의 관련성을 탐색적으로 살펴보고자 한다. A 대학의 리더 선발 과정에 지원한 재학생 233명이 연구에 참여하였다. 먼저, HDS 요인들의 구성 타당도를 검토하기 위해 HDS와 함께 성격 및 정신병리 평가의 목적으로 개발된 PAI, 성격 6요인 모델에 기초하여 비교적 성격의 밝은 측면을 측정하기 위해 개발된 HEXACO 성격검사를 실시하여 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 몇 몇 요인들에 대해 수렴 및 변별 타당도가 지지되었다. 구체적으로, 11개 요인 중 변덕스러운, 비판적인, 보수적인, 무관심한 요인(즉, 사람들에게 자신을 드러내지 않으려는 회피적 행동 요인군)은 대부분의 밝은 측면의 성격 요인들과 부적 관계를 보인 반면, PAI의 임상적 척도들과는 정적 관계를 나타냈다. 한편, 자기 과시적, 무모한, 인기주의적, 자유분방한, 완벽주의적 요인들(즉, 사람들에게 자신을 지나치게 드러내려는 경향의 과시적 행동 요인군)의 경우, HEXACO 요인들과 대부분 정적 관계를 보이지만 PAI 임상척도와는 부적 관계를 나타냈다. 또한, 다양한 대학생활 효과성에 대한 HDS의 준거 관련 타당도 분석에서도 위와 일관성이 높은 결과가 도출되었다. 즉, 변덕스러운, 비판적인, 보수적인, 무관심한 요인은 맥락수행, 직업기초능력, 심리적 안녕감 및 삶의 만족도와 대부분 유의미한 부적 관계를 보인 반면, 자기 과시적, 무모한, 인기주의적, 자유분방한, 완벽주의적 요인들의 경우 대부분 긍정적인 상관이 도출됨으로써, 우리나라 대학생들에게는 HDS 11개 요인들 중 변덕스러운, 비판적인, 보수적인, 무관심한 요인들이 이탈과 관련 있는 역기능적 성격특성임이 밝혀졌다. 한편, 양면적인과 의존적인 특성은 위 상관관계 분석에서 뚜렷한 패턴을 보이지 않았다. 마지막으로 위계적 회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 기존 선발이나 진단 장면에서 많이 활용되고 있는 밝은 측면의 성격특성 HEXACO 6요인에 본 연구에서 역기능적 성격특성으로 밝혀진 HDS 4개 요인을 추가하였을 때, 유의미한 증분 설명량이 도출됨으로써 준거 관련 타당도를 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점에 대해 논의하였다.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the construct validity of derailment factors and their effect on college life effectiveness based on HDS(Hogan Development Survey) which is composed of 11 derailment factors of personality. Specifically, the study was focused on (1) the convergent validity of the HDS factors with the clinical scales of PAI(Personality Assessment Inventory), (2) the discriminant validity of the HDS factors with the 6 factors of HEXACO, and (3) the criterion related validity of the HDS factors with the various criteria of college life effectiveness(i.e., contextual performance, basic occupational competencies required for college students, psychological well-being, and life satisfaction). 233 college students who applied to a leadership program of A university participated in the survey. The results of correlation analysis demonstrated that the factors of excitable, skeptical, cautious, and reserved(i.e., the cluster of moving away from people) were consistently positively related with the dark sides or clinical factors of PAI, while they showed negative correlations with 6 bright sides of personality measured by the HEXACO, supporting the convergent as well as discriminant validity of the 4 HDS factors. The 4 factors were also shown to have criterion related validity with both performance and well being measures, for they had significantly negative correlations with all of the criteria of college life effectiveness. Meanwhile, the 5 factors of arrogant, mischievous, colorful, imaginative, and diligent(i.e., the cluster of moving against from people) showed the positive relationship with bright sides of personality, performance, and well-being, indicating these factors seemed functional for Korean college students. And, leisurely and dutiful factor had no particular relationship with most of PAI & HEXACO factors and performance measures. Finally, the results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that incremental variances of the HDS 4 factors on both performance and well being were significant. Suggestions for future research and practical implications were provided based on the findings.

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to develop a prediction model for pressure injury using a machine learning algorithm and to integrate it into clinical practice. Methods: This was a retrospective study of tertiary hospitals in Seoul, Korea. It analyzed patients in 12 departments where many pressure injuries occurred, including 8 general wards and 4 intensive care units from January 2018 to May 2022. In total, 182 variables were included in the model development. A pressure injury prediction model was developed using the gradient boosting algorithm, logistic regression, and decision tree methods, and it was compared to the Braden scale. Results: Among the 1,389,660 general ward cases, there were 451 cases of pressure injuries, and among 139,897 intensive care unit cases, there were 297 cases of pressure injuries. Among the tested prediction models, the gradient boosting algorithm showed the highest predictive performance. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the gradient boosting algorithm's pressure injury prediction model in the general ward and intensive care unit was 0.86 (95% confidence interval, 0.83~0.89) and 0.83 (95% confidence interval, 0.79~0.87), respectively. This model was integrated into the electronic health record system to show each patient's probability for pressure injury occurrence, and the risk factors calculated every hour. Conclusion: The prediction model developed using the gradient boosting algorithm exhibited higher performance than the Braden scale. A clinical decision support system that automatically assesses pressure injury risk allows nurses to focus on patients at high risk for pressure injuries without increasing their workload.

In-vitro-produced embryos have become an important biomaterial for accelerating genetic improvements in livestock, increasing the need for reliable short- and mid-term preservation strategies. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of oscillating-magnetic-fieldassisted supercooling on the survival of bovine in vitro fertilization embryos. A supercooling preservation system combining Helmholtz-type coils with a precise circulating cooling chamber was designed and fabricated to maintain the embryos in a uniform supercooled state. Blastocyst-stage embryos were preserved at ?4℃ in a hypothermic preservation medium under exposure to an oscillating magnetic field of 10 Hz with flux densities ranging from 0 to 20 mT. The preservation medium remained stably supercooled at ?4℃ without freezing under all magnetic field conditions, and the magnetic flux density did not alter the cooling behavior. The embryos were preserved for 24 h and subsequently cultured for an additional 24 h to assess their post-preservation viability. Survival rates were higher in all magnetic field groups than in the control group (0 mT), with values of 48.66% (0 mT), 60.07% (5 mT), 62.85% (10 mT), 75.69% (15 mT), and 68.96% (20 mT). Notably, the 15 mT group exhibited the highest survival rate, showing a significant improvement over the control. Although the magnetic field did not affect the supercooling characteristics of the preservation solution, it markedly enhanced embryo survival at ?4℃. The results demonstrated that the application of an oscillating magnetic field did not disrupt the stability of the supercooled state while also improving cellular tolerance to low-temperature stress. These findings provide a promising foundation on which to develop magnetic-field-based non-freezing preservation technologies for biological specimens.

Purpose: Inadequate bowel preparation compromises the efficacy of colonoscopy. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a patient-tailored bowel preparation program designed to improve bowel preparation quality, medication adherence, and dietary adherence among patients undergoing colonoscopy.Methods: The program consisted of four phases: (1) patient-specific assessment using a checklist; (2) personalized instructional videos; (3) short message service reminders; and (4) nurse-led counseling. A quasi-experimental, nonconcurrent nonequivalent control group, posttest-only design was used, with the control group recruited first. The study was conducted from April to July 2024 at a tertiary hospital in South Korea and included 80 adult outpatients scheduled for colonoscopy (40 control and 40 experimental participants). Outcomes included bowel preparation quality assessed using the Aronchick Bowel Preparation Scale, medication knowledge and adherence, and dietary knowledge and adherence.Results: The experimental group demonstrated significantly higher bowel preparation quality than the control group (Z=8.13, p<.001, r=0.91). Medication knowledge and adherence were also significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (Z=3.54, p<.001, r=0.40; Z=6.50, p<.001, r=0.73; respectively). Similarly, dietary knowledge and adherence improved significantly in the experimental group compared with the control group (Z=5.28, p<.001, r=0.59; Z=5.32, p<.001, r=0.60; respectively).Conclusion: The patient-tailored bowel preparation program effectively improved bowel preparation outcomes for colonoscopy. Future research should focus on integrating the program into electronic health records to enable automated delivery and improve efficiency and scalability in clinical practice.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and validate a health literacy scale to assess nutrition and dietary supplement use among pregnant and postpartum women. Methods: Baker’s health literacy model was used as the conceptual framework. Based on a comprehensive review of domestic and international literature, 60 preliminary items were generated across four domains: vocabulary, familiarity, reading comprehension, and numeracy. After two rounds of expert content validity testing and face validity assessment, 42 items were retained. Data were collected from 315 pregnant and postpartum women between March 31 and May 11, 2021, using an online questionnaire administered through Google Forms. Item characteristics and construct validity were examined using Rasch analysis based on item response theory. Concurrent validity and reliability were also evaluated, and 23 items were retained for the final instrument. Results: Exploratory factor analysis supported the unidimensionality of the scale. The Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 coefficient for the 23-item scale was 0.87, indicating high internal consistency. The optimal cutoff score was 12.50, with a sensitivity of 0.61, a specificity of 0.66, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.727, indicating acceptable discriminative ability. Conclusion: The developed instrument demonstrated satisfactory criterion validity and high reliability. It effectively distinguished pregnant and postpartum women with high and low levels of health literacy related to nutrition and supplement use and may be used in clinical and community settings to assess health literacy and support tailored educational interventions.

Purpose: Digital health literacy is essential for health management among children and adolescents, with multicultural youth being particularly vulnerable to challenges in ac cessing, appraising, and using digital health information. This study aimed to develop a digital health literacy improvement program (DHL-Up) tailored to multicultural chil dren and adolescents and evaluate its effectiveness. Methods: Guided by the Transactional Model of eHealth Literacy and the ADDIE (Anal ysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) model, a five-session program was developed to strengthen functional, communicative, critical, and translational digital health literacy. A non-equivalent control group pretest?posttest design was used. The participants included 31 multicultural children and adolescents aged 10?15 years (exper imental group: 14; control group: 17). The experimental group participated in a 5-week online program (60 minutes per session) delivered to small groups via Zoom. Data were collected before and after the intervention and analyzed using descriptive statistics, inde pendent t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, chi-square tests, and Fisher’s exact tests. Results: The experimental group showed significantly greater improvements in digital health literacy (t=2.73, p=.011) and the usefulness of Internet health information (t=3.11, p=.004) than the control group. No significant difference was found for information over load (t=-0.17, p=.854). Conclusion: This study developed and validated a tailored digital health literacy inter vention for multicultural children and adolescents, demonstrating its applicability in schools, public health centers, and community settings. These findings provide founda tional evidence to support the institutionalization of digital health literacy education and highlight its potential to mitigate digital health information disparities among vulnerable populations.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a predictive model for the early identification of patients at risk of sepsis, using routinely available clinical information and laboratory test results collected during the initial phase of patient care. Methods: This retrospective analysis included electronic medical records of 22,400 adult patients who presented with suspected infection to a tertiary care university hospital in Korea between January 2013 and May 2024. Patients were classified according to Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (score ≥ 2) or Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (score ≥ 2), in combination with sepsis-related International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision codes. Four different machine learning models were trained and validated using five-fold cross-validation. In addition, Shapley additive explanations analysis was performed to interpret the contribution and clinical relevance of key predictive variables. Results: Among the evaluated models, CatBoost demonstrated the strongest predictive performance. Notably, platelet distribution width, alveolar?arterial oxygen difference, procalcitonin, and the arterial/alveolar oxygen ratio consistently emerged as major predictors. Importantly, several variables that did not reach statistical significance in univariate analysis nevertheless contributed substantially to overall model performance, highlighting the importance of complex, multidimensional interactions among clinical factors. Conclusion: These findings indicate that a model based on simple, routinely collected clinical data can achieve high predictive accuracy and strong generalizability. Such a tool may support early clinical decision-making by multidisciplinary teams, including nurses, across diverse real-world care settings. Further prospective studies are warranted to validate its clinical utility and to assess its potential effects on patient outcomes.

Objective: To develop and validate a clinically actionable prediction model for postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in cardiac surgery patients, focusing on modifiable preoperative risk factors amenable to targeted optimization.Methods: In this prospective observational cohort study, 492 adults undergoing open-chest cardiac surgery between August 15, 2023 and December 31, 2023 were analyzed. Prespecified predictors included gas exchange variables, pulmonary function, inspiratory muscle strength, and physical performance. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to develop the prediction model. Discrimination was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).Results: A total of 90 patients (14.1%) developed PPCs after surgery. Five independent predictors were identified: elevated arterial PaCO2 (odds ratio [OR] 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00?1.26), oxygen desaturation (SpO2<93%) (OR 12.47, 95% CI 3.51?48.13), reduced gait speed (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.04?0.71), lower FEV1/FVC ratio (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92?1.00), and diminished inspiratory muscle strength (MIP % predicted) (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92?0.99). The model demonstrated good discriminative ability with an AUC of 0.86 (95% CI 0.80?0.93) in the training cohort and 0.87 (95% CI 0.74?0.93) in the validation cohort.Conclusion: This parsimonious model achieved high predictive accuracy using five modifiable physiological variables. By targeting abnormalities in gas exchange, pulmonary mechanics, muscle strength, and functional reserve, the model offers a practical tool to guide individualized prehabilitation strategies for reducing PPC risk in cardiac surgery patients.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and test the effect of the information-motivation-behavioral skills(IMB) model?based online reproductive health (RH) promotion program for late adolescent women. Methods: This study used a nonequivalent control group pretest?post-test design. The study sampleincluded 39 late adolescent women (experimental group: 19 and control group: 20). The programconsisted of four sessions based on the IMB model (70 min, once per week) for four weeks. This studyintervention was provided as an online intervention. Data were a pretest before the program, a posttestupon program completion, and a follow-up test one month after the program ended. Data werecollected from November 1, 2021, to May 30, 2022. Data analysis was conducted using the t test, Chisquaretest, and Fisher’s exact test with statistical software. Results: The program significantly increased late adolescent women's RH promotion behaviors (posttestp < .001 and follow-up test p = .002), RH knowledge (posttest p = .006 and follow-up test p < .001), andsexual autonomy (posttest p = .044 and follow-up test p = .036). No significant differences in changes inattitudes toward RH promotion behaviors were reported between the groups (posttest p = .060 andfollow-up test p = .195). Conclusion: This study conducted an online intervention to increase access to RH promotion education. The program developed based on the IMB model effectively improves RH promotion behavior andknowledge of late adolescent women. The intervention program implemented in this study should beused widely in the RH education curriculum for late adolescent women

Purpose: Education on infant safe sleep practices has been known to reduce the risk of sleep-related sudden unexpected infant death. Since sleep environments may vary across sociocultural contexts, infant safe sleep education needs to reflect specific sociocultural settings. This study aimed to develop an educational Protocol for Infant Safe Sleep (PISS) for primary caregivers in Korea that considers parenting behaviors and cultural characteristics. Methods: This study was conducted in three key methodological steps: (1) retrieval, de- fining, and systematic classification of PISS content; (2) the structural formulation of the content as an educational protocol; and (3) content validation. For the first step, a literature review was conducted, along with an analysis of educational materials from institution websites related to infant safe sleep and online parenting communities. Field observations were also conducted to identify relevant Korean culture characteristics. Based on these findings, the PISS was developed. Content validity index was assessed by six professionals, and the results were reflected into the educational program. Results: The PISS intervention provided an educational video and booklet and enhanced learning via phone counseling and educational kit, which comprised an illustrated safe sleep sticker and a calendar-style activity diary. The educational content consisted of (1) sleep location, (2) sleep position, (3) bedding, (4) clothes and temperature, and (5) other considerations. Conclusion: This study developed the PISS, an intangible educational intervention based on Korean sociocultural characteristics and specific guidelines for primary caregivers. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of this program in promoting safe sleep practices.

Purpose: This pilot study aimed to develop and conduct an initial evaluation of a self- care improvement program for older school-aged children with atopic dermatitis (AD). Methods: A quasi-experimental, non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used with 20 children in grades 4?6 diagnosed with AD. The experimental group (n=12) received a 5-week Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB)-based program, which included five 40-minute sessions for children and one 50-minute session for mothers. The control group (n=8) received usual care. Data was collected at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and 4 weeks post-intervention. Outcome variables included AD knowledge, motivation for AD self-care, self-efficacy for managing AD, self-care behaviors, and AD severity. Generalized estimating equations were used for analysis. Results: Time-by-group interaction effects were observed for AD knowledge (p<.001), personal motivation (p=.011), self-efficacy (p=.034), self-care behaviors (p=.027), and AD severity (p=.039). Improvements in knowledge, motivation, and self-efficacy persisted through follow-up, while changes in self-care behaviors and AD severity were significant only at posttest. Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidence that an IMB-based self-care program can improve knowledge, motivation, and self-efficacy in children with AD, leading to better self-care behaviors and reduced symptom severity. These findings support the feasibility and potential usefulness of a structured, theory-based intervention. Further fully powered trials are needed to confirm effectiveness and identify strategies for maintaining long-term outcomes.

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to develop and test the validity and reliability of the Korean version ofthe Novice Nursing Practitioner Role Transition (K-NNPRT) scale. Methods: This scale was developed through forward translation, expert panel endorsement, and backtranslation and was revised based on cognitive interviews. Data for the psychometric test were collectedfrom 248 nurses who provide advanced care in Korea. The construct validity was tested based onexploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, internal consistency reliability, and criterion-relatedvalidity. Results: The final version of the scale consisted of 33 items across four domains identified throughexploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, with convergent and discriminant validity deemedacceptable. Criterion-related validity was supported by a positive correlation with the job satisfactionscale (r = .59). Internal consistency was high, with Cronbach's α = .93 for the total items and McDonald'sΩ = .93 for all items. Conclusions: The K-NNPRT scale has demonstrated psychometric validity and reliability. It is a valuableinstrument for assessing and understanding the degree of transition of new advanced practice nurses.

The use of agricultural by-products, such as corn cobs, has gained significant attention as a sustainable and promising strategy for developing functional feed additives. This study aimed to produce a functional feed additive enriched with xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) and yeast protein, using corn cobs as the primary raw material. To efficiently convert the xylan in corn cobs into XOS, a recombinant Saccharomyces boulardii strain displaying endoxylanase on its cell surface was constructed. Among six anchor proteins evaluated for their efficiency in endo-xylanase expression, the X-Tir1 strain exhibited the highest enzymatic activity. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of pretreated corn cobs using the X-Tir1 strain and commercial cellulase were optimized under various pretreatment conditions, resulting in the production of 15.2 g/L of XOS and 12.8 g DCW/L of yeast protein after 72 h of fermentation with corn cobs pretreated using 2% (w/v) NaOH. This study demonstrates an environmentally sustainable and cost-effective approach to upcycling agricultural byproducts into value-added functional feed additives, thereby improving feed efficiency in fiberbased diets. Additionally, it underscores the applicability of a cell surface display system as a versatile and effective tool for bioconversion processes.