Earticle

애플리케이션 개발이 보편화됨에 따라 대부분의 소프트웨어는 개발기간 단축, 에러없는 품질, 수시 유지보수에 대한 적응성, 거대하고 복잡한 소프트웨어의 필요성 등과 같은 과제가 제기되었다. 웹 애플리케이션 개발시 이러한 품질 문제 에 대응하기 위해 소프트웨어의 재사용성, 신뢰성, 확장성, 단순성 등과 같은 측면을 고려하지 않을 수 없는 환경으로 변화 되었다. 이같은 상황에서 전통적 개발방법론으로는 품질을 해결하는데 한계를 가지고 있기 때문에 품질에 기반한 개발 방법론이 필요하다. 애플리케이션 품질은 애플리케이션 로직, 데이터, 아키텍처 전체 영역에서 별도의 방법론으로 대처하지 않으면 목표를 달성할 수 없다. 본 연구는 시큐어코딩의 최대 현안인 웹 애어플리케이션 개발을 위하여 웹애 플리케이션 아키텍쳐 설계절차를 제안한다. 본 제안은 ISO/IEC9000 시리즈를 기반으로 한 웹 애플리케이션 아키텍쳐 설계절차의 하나의 예제이다.

As the most common application development of software development time, error-free quality, adaptability to fre quent maintenance, such as the need for large and complex software challenges have been raised. When developing web applications to respond to software reusability, reliability, scalability, simplicity, these quality issues do not take into account such aspects traditionally. In this situation, the traditional development methodology to solve the same q uality because it has limited development of new methodologies is needed. Quality of applications the application logi c, data, and architecture in the entire area as a separate methodology can achieve your goals if you do not respond. In this study secure coding, the big issue, web application factors to deal with security vulnerabilities, web applicatio n architecture, design procedure is proposed. This proposal is based on a series of ISO/IEC9000, a web application ar chitecture design process.

웹 애플리케이션 개발이 보편화됨에 따라 대부분의 소프트웨어는 개발기간 단축, 에러없는 품질, 수시 유지보수에 대 한 적응성, 거대하고 복잡한 소프트웨어의 필요성 등과 같은 과제가 제기되었다. 웹 애플리케이션 개발시 이러한 품질 문제에 대응하기 위해 소프트웨어의 재사용성, 신뢰성, 확장성, 단순성 등과 같은 측면을 고려하지 않을 수 없는 환경으 로 변화 되었다. 이같은 상황에서 전통적 개발방법론으로는 보안품질을 해결하는데 한계를 가지고 있기 때문에 품질에 기반한 시큐어코딩 방법론이 필요하다. 웹 애플리케이션 보안품질은 애플리케이션 로직, 데이터, 아키텍처 전체 영역에 서 별도의 방법론으로 대처하지 않으면 목표를 달성할 수 없다. 본 연구는 시큐어코딩의 최대 현안인 웹 애어플리케이 션 개발을 위하여 웹 애플리케이션 아키텍쳐 설계절차를 제안한다.

As the most common application development of software development time, error-free quality, adaptability to frequent maintenance, such as the need for large and complex software challenges have been raised. When developing web applications to respond to software reusability, reliability, scalability, simplicity, these quality issues do not take into account such aspects traditionally. In this situation, the traditional development methodology to solve the same quality because it has limited development of new methodologies is needed. Quality of applications the application logic, data, and architecture in the entire area as a separate methodology can achieve your goals if you do not respond. In this study secure coding, the big issue, web application factors to deal with security vulnerabilities, web application architecture, design procedure is proposed. This proposal is based on a series of ISO/IEC9000, a web application architecture design process..

Background: Due to increased interest in animal welfare, there is now a need for a comprehensive assessmentprotocol to be used in intensive pig farming systems. There are two current welfare assessment protocols for pigs:Welfare Quality® Assessment Protocols (applicable in the Europe Union), that mostly focuses on animal-basedmeasures, and the Swine Welfare Assurance Program (applicable in the United States), that mostly focuses onmanagement- and environment-based measures. In certain cases, however, animal-based measures might not beadequate for properly assessing pig welfare status. Similarly, welfare assessment that relies only on environment- andmanagement-based measures might not represent the actual welfare status of pigs. Therefore, the objective of thispaper was to develop a new welfare protocol by integrating animal-, environment-, and management-based measures. The background for selection of certain welfare criteria and modification of the scoring systems from existing welfareassessment protocols are described. Methods: The developed pig welfare assessment protocol consists of 17 criteria that are related to four main principlesof welfare (good feeding, good housing, good health, and appropriate behavior). Good feeding, good housing, andgood health were assessed using a 3-point scale: 0 (good welfare), 1 (moderate welfare), and 2 (poor welfare). In certaincases, only a 2-point scale was used: 0 (certain condition is present) or 2 (certain condition is absent). Appropriatebehavior was assessed by scan sampling of positive and negative social behaviors based on qualitative behaviorassessment and human-animal relationship tests. Results: Modification of the body condition score into a 3-point scale revealed pigs with a moderate body condition(score 1). Moreover, additional criteria such as feed quality confirmed that farms had moderate (score 1) or poor feedquality (score 2), especially those farms located in a high relative humidity region. Conclusions: The developed protocol can be utilized to assess welfare status in an intensive pig farming system. Although further improvements are still needed, this study is a first step in developing a pig welfare assessmentprotocol that combines animal-, environment-, and management-based measures.

Purpose: This study was done to develop an instrument to measure the work environment in nursing homes and to evaluate its psychometric properties. Methods: Instrument development was conducted in three phases: development of the initial questionnaire, content validity and pilot-testing, and construct validity and reliability testing. Participants were 184 nurses from 62 nursing homes in South Korea. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and examination of internal consistency were used to verify the psychometric properties of the instrument. Results: The final model derived from the factor analysis yielded 27 items across five domains: nurses’ participation in nursing home affairs; well-defined scope of practice; nurse managers’ ability, leadership, and support of nurses; staff and resource adequacy; and communication and coordination. The fit indices in the confirmatory factor analysis were acceptable. Total Cronbach’s ? was .93 (sub-domains ranged .77~.88). Conclusion: The results indicate that the selected items are suitable for measuring the work environment of nursing homes in South Korea. This instrument may be useful in nursing home-related research and may be used to improve the health outcomes of older adults in nursing homes.

In recent years, embedded systems have become so complex and the development time to market is required to be shorter than before. As embedded systems include more functions for new services, embedded software gradually grow in size, and development costs and time are increasing. In order to overcome this serious matter, we need a customized design and test technique for embedded software. In this paper, we present a software architecture style for embedded software. It facilitates the composition of reusable functions and helps developers to reduce development time. Because the costs associated with revealing errors of embedded software in applications are rising. we propose a test method and tools for target environments.

본 연구는 친환경적 도시대기환경을 위한 도시계획 제안연구로서 유사한 지형을 띄고, 지리적으로 도 인접하지만 대기환경은 차이가 있는 대전시와 청주시의 지형요인, 도시특성요인, 대기요인을 토 대로 비교분석해 보았다. 2016년 기준 미세먼지농도 상위 10일간 공기의 흐름을 비교분석한 결과 청주시는 대전시보다 미세먼지농도 상위 10일간 대기의 흐름이 정체되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이는 분지형 도시중심에 공업단지가 위치해있어, 외부의 미세먼지와 도심의 미세먼지가 지형적 영향으로 대기가 순환하지 못하고 정체되어, 대기의 오염도가 더 높게 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 친환경적 도시대기환경 개발을 위한 공기 흐름 유도에 대한 대안은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 찬 공기 생성 지역으로서 도시외곽의 자연지역, 도시 내의 대규모 녹지대 그리고 충분한 면적을 가진 수공간 지역 을 조성하는 것이 필요하다. 둘째 찬 공기를 축적할 수 있는 지역이 필요하다. 셋째, 공기의 흐름이 가능한 통로지역이 필요하다.

This research conducted a comparative analysis of Daejeon and Cheongju City which are geographically adjacent and have similar topography but different air environment in order to suggest an urban planning framework for environmentally-friendly urban air environment. It is found that the Cheongju City has a higher level of air pollution than Daejeon since the industrial complex is located in the downtown basin and thus high fine dust concentration is not circulated well. The suggested alternatives for inducing air flow for environmentally- friendly urban air environment are as follows. First, it is necessary to construct natural areas in urban outskirts, large green zones inside the city, and sufficient pond area as they are creating cold air. Second, there is a need of areas to accumulate cold air. Third, it would need a passage area allowing air flow.

본 연구는 환경교육용 보드게임 개발에 관한 연구다. 이를 위해 문헌 고찰과 전문가 인터뷰를 실시하여 핵심 메커니즘과 용어를 도출하였다. 또한, 타당도와 신뢰도 검증을 위하여 델파이 조사를 진행하였다. 연구 결과 9개 항목에 대하여 합의가 이뤄졌으며, 이를 기반으로 ‘수풀로 메이커’ 프로토타입을 제작하고 플레이테스트 를 진행하였다. 그 결과, 환경에 대한 관심, 생태복원의 개념, 탄소 중립에 대한 이해를 보여, 연구의 초기 목 적을 달성한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구로 인해 개발된‘수풀로 메이커’는 아동과 청소년의 환경교육 교재의 역할 뿐만 아니라, 환경에 대한 깊이 있는 이해를 견인하고, 더 나아가 실천양식 변화의 잠재성을 키우는 역 할에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

This study is a study on the development of a board game for environmental education. To this end, a literature review and expert interviews were conducted to derive key mechanisms and terms. As a result of the study, an agreement was reached on nine items, and based on this, a prototype of the "Supro Maker" was produced and a play test was conducted. As a result, it was found that the initial purpose of the study was achieved by showing interest in the environment, the concept of ecological restoration, and an understanding of carbon neutrality. The "Supro Maker" developed through this study is expected to contribute to the role of not only a textbook for environmental education for children and adolescents, but also a role of driving an in-depth understanding of the environment and further enhancing the potential for changes in practice patterns.

We invented a wearable device that can measure voiding time and fre-quency by checking a habitual series of characteristic motions among men. This study collected and analyzed urination time data collected smart bands worn by patients to resolve the clinical issues posed by using voiding charts. By developing a smart band-based algorithm for assessing urination time in patients, this study aimed to explore the fea-sibility of urination management systems. This study aimed to assess urination time based on a patient’s posture and changes in posture. Motion data were obtained from a smart band on the arm. An algorithm that identifies the three stages of urination (forward movement, urina-tion, backward movement) was developed based on data collected from a 3-axis accelerometer and tilt angle data. Therefore, we analyze hidden Markov model (HMM)-based sequential data to determine uri-nation time. Real-time data were acquired from the smart band. For data corresponding to a specific duration, the value of the signals was calculated and then compared with the set analysis model to calculate the time of urination. The final accuracy of the algorithm was calculated based on clinical guidelines for urologists. The experiment showed a high average accuracy of 92.5%, proving the robustness of the pro-posed algorithm. The proposed urination time recognition technology draws on acceleration data and tilt angle data collected via a smart band; these data were then analyzed using a classifier after applying the HMM method.

This study is to explain the importance and the necessity of virtual cyber-tour in a virtual reality environment, and to present a way of its realization as a mean to surmount the fundamental constraints in current tourism, arising mainly from the individual health, cost, leisure time, and the low perception on tourism culture. This virtual cyber-tour using virtual reality technology will not only provide various indirect tour experiences to the existing tour resources, but also develop a new type of tour system, leading to new worlds which have not been accessible to the Public because of various restrictions coming from the current technology, transportation means, and physical limit's of human body.

The SCM is that Supply Chain Network is Promptly and Voluntarily Optimized in Unstable Market Change Environment. The Cash flow Efficiency of Hole Supply Chain Network is Improved by Changing the Information and Changing the Foundation of Business Processes. The Role of WMS has been Changing Importantly with the Introduction of SCM. WMS Needed to Change to the Information Center in Order to Change Information in Real Time and the WMS of Information Storing in Order to Support an Idea Decision. This Development was Defined about the Importance of WMS in SCM Environment. The Criterion of Valuation is Normally Measured Time between Taking a Order Receive and Bringing the Items to Customer. The Decreasing Move Time of Order Picker in Warehouse is Directly Influence to the Job Execution. So, this Research is Defined about the Optimized Route of Order Picker and Suggests Algorithm. To do this, Past Algorithm is Studied. It's Easy to Introduce and this Study is Looking for Method about the Noticing of Order Picker. The Algorithm will Improve to be Adapt to Standard Process System.

Environment where we lived, nowadays is more and more damaged. Our sources and energy become decreased. The sustainable development and green energy is needed to prevent nature damaging which have many bad causes to our environment. Based on some theoretical studies, this paper identifies some damages on our environment, the causes of damage, the concept of sustainable development, solution from ecological and holistic point of view, sustainable development appliance in our life, conclusion and also recommendations for the future.

본 논문은 국제무역환경 변화와 함께 무역거래 주체가 되는 무역거래자의 형태가 변화하고 있음을 제시하고 국내 통신판매업자를 대상으로 글로벌화 요인을 제공하여 수출 통신판매업 자로 전환함으로써 전자상거래 무역인력양성에 기여 하고자 한다. 기존의 무역인력양성을 위 한 문헌연구를 실시하였고 새로운 시사점을 도출하였다. GTEP 참여학생 및 불특정 다수를 대 상으로 하는 교육 외에 국내 전자상거래 선행경험이 있는 통신판매업자를 대상으로 무역교육 과 글로벌 전환 핵심요인을 제공하여 글로벌 셀러(Global Seller) 및 크로스보더(Cross Border)로 활동할 수 있는 기회를 제공해야 한다. 글로벌 셀러와 크로스보더의 역할을 하는 수출 통신판 매업자는 국경간 전자상거래(CBEC)의 활동을 이행할 수 있으며 전자상거래 무역인력양성의 저변확대를 현실화 할 것이다.

Purpose : This study is to examine a method to globalize domestic online marketing dealers to make them international online traders. Research design, data, methodology : This study analyzes the university and government-funded education system for fostering trade manpower and draws up corresponding problems and limitations. Results : Re-establishment of educational targets is required to facilitate CBEC. Also, It is necessary to provide educational services to globalize domestic online marketing dealers. Conclusions : Domestic online marketing dealers are well aware of domestic e-commerce system and are capable of analyzing and sorting out the most appropriate goods for online marketing. Therefore, it is of high importance to grant opportunities for domestic online marketing dealers to globalize and to act as an online exporter, by serving them with proper international trade education. It can be accomplished to increase CBEC-based export driven by online exporter, hence to expand the base for fostering international trade human resources.

본 연구는 소득, 부모 학력 및 가정환경의 물리적 측면과 행동적 측면이 아동의 언어발달에 미치는 영향과 3세 때 가정환경의 영향이 4세에도 지속되는지를 알아보는 것이 목적이었다. 3세에는 266명이 참여하였으며, 이중에서 92명이 4세에도 참여하였다. 3세에는 가정환경(HOME)과 아동발달검사(K-CDI)의 언어 소검사를 실시하였으며, 4세에는 피바디 그림어휘검사(PPVT)를 사용하여 이해어휘를 측정하였다. 3세의 가정환경은 물리적 영역과 행동적 영역으로 나누어졌으며, 각 영역은 다시 두 개의 범주로 세분되었다. 그 결과, 첫째, 3세의 수입, 학력, 가정환경의 행동적 영역과 물리적 영역 모두 3세 언어발달과 정적 상관이 있었으며, 4세 어휘와는 유의한 상관이 없었다. 둘째, 어머니의 학력과 가정환경의 행동적 영역은 표현언어를 예측하였으며, 행동적 영역의 학습적 행동과 물리적 영역의 학습자극은 언어이해를 예측하였다. 소득계층별로 저소득층은 어머니의 학력과 물리적 학습자극이 그리고 중/고소득층은 부모의 학습적 행동이 아동의 언어발달을 예측하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 아동의 언어발달에 대한 부모 행동의 영향은 물리적 지원과 관련되어 설명될 수 있음을 제안하고 있다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the physical and behavioral aspects of children's home environment at 3 years on the language development of the ages of 3 and 4 years. The total of 266 children(N=266) at 3 years, and 92 children among them again at 4 years were participated in this study. EC-HOME for the home environment and K-CDI and PPVT for children's language ability were completed by their mothers and investigators. The home environment was divided into the physical and behavioral domains. The results are as follow: First, there was a significant correlation between children's language ability and both aspects of home environment at 3 years, but no relationship with receptive vocabulary at 4 years. Second, mother's education level and behavioral domains of home environment were the predictors on expressive language, but for language comprehension were the parental behaviors and physical stimuli to prompt to learn. Especially, mother's education level and physical stimuli were important for language comprehension in low-income families. The results implied that the effect of parent's behaviors on children's language development could be understood in relation to the physical support providing to them in early childhood.

피지컬 컴퓨팅은 단순 컴퓨터 입출력이 아닌 현실세계와 상호작용을 통해 이루어지므로 학생들의 컴퓨팅적 사고와소양을 기르는데 적합하다. 또한 이를 블록형 코딩 개발환경에서 개발한다면 사용자는 훨씬 더 직관적이고 쉽게 개발을 할 수 있을 것이다. 그러나 기존 블록형 코딩 개발환경은 물리기기가 컴퓨터에 지속적으로 연결되어 있어야 한다는 번거로움이 있다. Blockly는 코드 개념을 나타내는 그래픽 블록이 연동되어 웹과 안드로이드 애플리케이션에시각적 코드 에디터를 추가하는 오픈소스 라이브러리이다. 본 논문에서는 오픈소스 Blockly 기반으로 기존의 블록형 개발환경에 피지컬 컴퓨팅 기능을 추가하고 이를 무선통신으로 동작시킬 수 있는 모바일용 피지컬 컴퓨팅 개발환경의 구축 내용에 대해 기술한다.

Physical computing is performed through interaction with the real world making it suitable for cultivating student abilities in computing knowledge and thought processes. Furthermore, if users can develop programs under block-coding environment, it will be more easy and more intuitive. However, the existing block coding environment has a problem that the physical devices must be continuously connected to the computer. Blockly is an open source library that adds a visual code editor linked with graphic blocks to demonstrate coding concepts through web and mobile apps. Using Blockly, we describe a development environment for physical computing on mobile platform, which combines physical computing with an established block-coding environment, and activates it through wireless communication.

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 한국형 중환자실 간호근무환경 측정 도구를 개발하고, 개발된 도구의 타당도와 신뢰도를 평가하는 것이다. 방법: 문헌 고찰 및 중환자실 간호사와의 심층 인터뷰를 통해 64개의 후보문항을 선정하였다. 64개 후보문항에 대한 내용타당도 평가 후 선정된 46개 항목으로 예비도구를 개발하였다. 2021년 2월부터 3월까지 21개 병원의 총 535명의 중환자실 간호사를 대상으로 예비도구를 이용한 설문을 시행하였다. 타당도와 신뢰도는 구성타당도, 집중타당도, 판별타당도, 내적 일관성 신뢰도, 검사-재검사 신뢰도를 평가하였다. 결과: 문항분석 및 직접 오블리민법을 포함한 최대우도법을 이용한 탐색적 요인분석을 통해 4개 요인 23개 문항을 도출하였고, 요인에 의한 누적분산비율은 55.6%를 보였다. 확인적 요인분석을 시행하여 요인부하량이 .50 이상, 다중상관자승값이 .30 이상의 조건을 충족하지 않는 문항을 삭제한 후 KNWES-CCN은 4개 요인 21개 항목으로 선정되었다. 모델적합도 지수를 평가한 결과 권장 수준을 만족하여 모델이 적합하다고 판단하였다.(χ2=440.47(p<.001), CMIN/DF= 2.41, GFI=.86, SRMR=.06, RMSEA=.07, TLI=.90, CFI=.91). 문항 총점 간 상관관계는 .32에서 .73이었고, 도구에 대한 내적 일관성 신뢰도 Cronbach's α=.92 였다. 검사-재검사 신뢰도의 상관계수는 .72였으며, 급내상관계수는 .83이었다. 결론: KNWES-CCN은 타당도와 신뢰도가 확인된 도구로 한국 중환자실 간호사의 간호 업무 환경을 측정하고 개선할 수 있을 것이다.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a Korean nursing work environment scale for critical care nurses (KNWES-CCN) and verify its validity and reliability. Methods: A total of 46 preliminary items were selected using content validity analysis of experts on 64 candidate items derived through literature reviews and in-depth interviews with critical care nurses. 535 critical care nurses from 21 hospitals responded to the preliminary questionnaire from February to March 2021. The collected data were analysed using construct,convergent and discriminant validities, and internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Results: The 23 items in 4 factors accounted for 55.6% of the total variance were identified through item analysis and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). EFA was performed with maximum likelihood method including direct oblimin method. In the confirmatory factor analysis, KNWES-CCN consisted of 21 items in 4 factors by deleting the items that were not meet the condition that the factor loading over .50 or the squared multiple correlation over .30. Thismodel was considered to be suitable because it satisfied the fit index and acceptable criteria of the model [x2 =440.47(p<.001), CMIN/DF=2.41, GFI=.86, SRMR=.06, RMSEA=.07, TLI=.90, CFI=.91]. The item total correlation values ranged form .32 to .73 and its internal consistency was Cronbach's ?=.92. The reliability of the test-retest correlation coefficient was .72 and the intra-class correlation coefficient was .83. Conclusion: The KNWES-CCN showed good validity and reliability. Therefore, it is expected that the use of this scale would measure and improve nursing work environment for critical care nurses in Korea.

본 논문에서는 광산환경관리 분야의 광해조사와 광해복원에 대한 국가직무능력표준을 2014년 국가직무능력토준 개발 매뉴얼에 근거하여 개발한 것을 제시하였다. 광해조사는 광해조사, 광해설계를 포함하여 광해복원은 광해복원공사, 감리, 사후관리를 포함한다. 주요 개발결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 광산환경관리의 직무선정과직무를 정의하였고 직무를 토대로 총 20개의 능력단위를 도출 개발하였다. 2) 개발한 능력단위를 능력단위를근거로 총 72개의 능력단위요소를 도출 개발하였다. 3) 능력단위 범위를 기준으로 총 72개의 해당 능력단위요소별 수행준거와 지식, 기술, 태도를 도출, 개발하였다. 4) 직무에 기초한 해당 능력단위에 근거하여 적용범위 및작업상황, 평가지침, 직업기초능력 등을 개발하였다.

This paper presented a National Competency Standard(NCS) regarding investigation of mine hazardand mine reclamation in field of control of mining environment based on the manual for developing NationalCompetency Standard of 14 years and a revised classification system chart of the National Competency Standard. The major development results of this study are as follows. 1) This study selected and defined duties based onthe revised classification system chart of the National Competency Standard, then drew and developed total 20ability units based on the applicable duties. 2) Based on the developed ability units, total 72 ability unit elementswere deduced and developed. 3) Total 72 relevant performance standard by competency units and knowledge,skill, and attitude were deduced and developed. 4) This study deduced and developed a scope of application,work situation, evaluation guide, core competency, and development history in reference to the total 20 relevantcompetency units based on the duties.