Earticle

The magnitude and frequency of earthquake in the Korean Peninsula and adjacencies are increasing, and sudden urbanization raised a possibility of damage in lives and economy. In Korea, buildings constructed from 1970s and early 1990s were designed non-seismic details. There are many studies about seismic retrofit system, but baseline data are in short. This study conducted several static tests to verify seismic performance of the RC frame with non-seismic details and analysed load-deformation relationship, damage condition, and so on using its resultant data.

사방댐의 손상유형 파악 및 향후 유지관리 방향을 도출하기 위해 강원도에 설치된 426기의 콘크리트 사방댐을 대상으로 종합 외관상태평가점수와 설계인자 및 시공 경과년수 등의 항목과 관련성을 분 석한 결과, 콘크리트 사방댐의 상태에 가장 밀접한 영향을 미치는 것은 경과년수인 것으로 파악되었 다. 즉, 콘크리트 사방댐의 집수면적(R=-0.121, p<0.05), 경과년수(R=-0.852, p<0.01), 사방댐의 길이 (R=-0.183, p<0.01), 저사길이(R=-0.274, p<0.05) 중에서 사방댐의 상태에 가장 영향을 주는 인자는 경과년수인 것으로 조사되었으므로, 콘크리트 사방댐 관리는 경과년수에 따라 정기적인 점검 및 보수⋅관리방안을 설정하는 방안을 검토할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 결함이 발생하여 긴급한 보수⋅보강이 필요한 2.5점 이하는 경과년수가 15년 이후 나타나기 시작하였으므로 사방댐의 정밀 점검 주기를 시공 후 15년 경과후로 설정할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 다만, 이 연구는 불투과형 콘크리트 사방댐만을 대상으로 하였으므로 향후 사방댐의 유형별, 재료별 보완 연구가 지속되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

This study assesses the exterior condition of concrete check dams and analyses the factors such as the watershed area, check dam length, deposit length, and elapsed years which can affect the damage of concrete check dams. After the survey of 426 concrete check dams built in Gangwon province, we found that although all the factors have statistical significance, the elapsed year of construction is most closely related to the condition of the dams. In other words, the elapsed year is the most influential factor among the analysed ones; the watershed area(R=-0.121, p<0.05), dam length(R=-0.183, p<0.01), deposit length(R=-0.274, p<0.05), and elapsed years(R=-0.852, p<0.01). In addition, it is considered that the detailed inspection cycle of dams can be set as 15 years after construction because the assessing point less than 2.5 which indicates the need of urgent repair and reinforcement starts to appear after 15 years of construction. Since this study is limited to impermeable concrete dams, the supplementary research on dam types and materials is required.

In this paper, the structural safety of RC building with damaged elements is evaluated by using a simple analytical method during dismantling. The structural safety of the building according to the variation of column damage is especially focused since the damage normally governs the overall safety of building. As a method, sectional analysis for the damaged columns and other elements using X-Tract program and structural analysis using MIDAS Gen are performed. From the analysis results, the structural safety of the building for working loads during dismantling can be obtained even if stiffness of a column in the building decrease until 50%. Negative moment of beams, which are connected to the damaged column, change to positive one when the damage rate of column is to be serous. Therefore, opposite end moment of the beams rapidly increased.

최근 안전점검자가 접근성 문제로 점검이 어려운 교량 부재의 상태평가를 위해 영상분석 기반의 시설물 점검 기법연구가 활발히 진행 중이다. 본 논문은 교량을 대상으로 딥러닝 기반 영상정보에 대해서 상태평가 연구를 진행하였고 이에 대한 평가 프로그램(프로토타입)을 개발하였다. 딥러닝 기반 교량 손상탐지 프로토타입을 개발하기 위해 딥러닝 모델 중 손상 검출 및 정량화가 가능한 의미론적 분할 모델인 Mask-RCNN를 적용하였고 학습데이터 6,540장(오픈 데이터 포함)과 손상유형에 적합한 레이블링을 구성하였다. 모델링에 대한 성능검증한 결과, 콘크리트 균열, 박리/박락, 철근노출과 도장 박리에 대한 정밀도(precision)는 95.2 %, 재현율(recall)은 93.8 % 나타내었다. 또한, 교량 콘크리트 부재 손상율을 이용하여 콘크리트 균열 실 데이터를 2차 성능검증 하였다.

Recently, research has been actively conducted on the technology of inspection facilities through image-based analysis assessment of human-inaccessible facilities. This research was conducted to study the conditions of deep learning-based imaging data on bridges and to develop an evaluation prototype program for bridges. To develop a deep learning-based bridge damage detection prototype, the Semantic Segmentation model, which enables damage detection and quantification among deep learning models, applied Mask-RCNN and constructed learning data 5,140 (including open-data) and labeling suitable for damage types. As a result of performance modeling verification, precision and reproduction rate analysis of concrete cracks, stripping/slapping, rebar exposure and paint stripping showed that the precision was 95.2 %, and the recall was 93.8 %. A 2^nd performance verification was performed on onsite data of crack concrete using damage rate of bridge members.

In the development of a vibration-based condition monitoring system in gearbox, one of the most important research topics is a quantitative analysis and test of the effect of gear damage on vibration of gearbox. This paper presents the evaluation result of vibration condition indicator according to the gear tooth damage through the vibration test of gearbox. The dynamic load test was performed with high speed railway (KTX)'s gearbox. The vibration of gearbox was measured according to a rotational speed change with the common gear fault modes, such as pitting and tooth breakage. The characteristics and the possibility of applying of vibration condition indicator on condition monitoring system were analyzed. As a result, the value of most condition indicator is gradually increased with the severity of gear faults. The NA6 indicator shows a low variation with the rotational speed change and high sensitivity in accordance with the gear fault.

본 연구에서는 최근 디지털 성범죄의 증가로 인한 피해자의 2차 피해에 대한 심각성을 인지하고, 디지 털 성범죄 피해자의 2차 피해를 예방하기 위한 효과적인 법· 제도적 대책방안을 마련하고자 한다. 이를 위해 공식적인 통계자료와 문헌 등을 통하여 디지털 성범죄와 2차 피해 실태현황을 분석하고, 디지털 성범죄의 특성과 관련된 2차 피해 사례를 바탕으로 피해형태를 분류하였다. 그리고 언론과 문헌 등을 통한 대표적인 디지털 성범죄 피해자의 2차 피해사례를 분석한 결과를 바탕으로 한 디지털 성범죄 피해자 의 2차 피해를 최소화하기 위한 대책방안은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 일반대중, 디지털 성범죄를 수사하거나 사건을 보도하는 언론기관 등 이와 관련된 유관기관의 디지털 성범죄 피해자에 대한 인식개선이 필요하 다. 이를 위해 성인지 감수성 교육을 바탕으로 한 다양한 프로그램을 개발하고, 법적으로 성인지 감수성 교육의 의무적 실시가 이루어져야 한다. 둘째, 디지털 성범죄로 인한 피해와 2차 피해의 심각성에도 불구 하고, 디지털 성범죄에 대한 처분결과는 주로 징역형보다는 벌금형 등의 경미한 처벌 수준에 그치고 있다. 따라서 디지털 성범죄 피해자의 2차 피해 사전예방을 위한 제도적 정비로 신고포상금제와 권한 남용에 따른 부작용을 예방하기 위해 함정수사 등에 명확한 가이드라인의 내용을 갖춘 규정의 정비를 통해 기회 유발형 함정수사를 허용하는 법적·제도적 장치의 마련과 이루어져야 한다. 또한 법정형 수준으로 처벌이 가능한 양형기준을 마련하여 처벌을 강화하는 등의 법·제도적 정비가 함께 이루어져야 한다. 셋째, 디지 털 성범죄 피해자 지원을 통한 2차 피해를 최소화하기 위한 방안으로 관련 유관기관간의 전문적 업무 분업에 따른 업무의 중복을 피하고, 디지털 성범죄 정보를 공유할 수 있는 통합DB 구축 등을 통해 사건발 생 시 신속하게 피해자를 지원할 수 있는 시스템의 연계가 마련되어져야 할 것이다.

In this study, we want to recognize the seriousness of secondary damage caused by the recent increase in digital sex crimes and come up with effective laws and institutional countermeasures to prevent secondary damage of digital sex crime victims. For this purpose, the status of digital sex crimes and secondary damages was analyzed through official statistics and literature, and the types of damages were classified based on secondary cases related to the characteristics of digital sex crimes. Based on the analysis of secondary cases of victims of digital sex crimes through the media and literature, measures to minimize secondary damages of victims of digital sex crimes are as follows. First, in order to improve awareness of victims of digital sex crimes by related agencies, such as the general public, media organizations investigating digital sex crimes or reporting cases, various programs based on gender sensitivity education should be developed and compulsory implementation of gender sensitivity education should be made. Second, despite the severity of the damage and secondary damage caused by digital sex crimes, the results of the disposal of digital sex crimes are mainly only minor penalties such as fines rather than prison sentences. Therefore, legal and institutional devices should be prepared to allow reporting rewards and Illegal Entrapment Investigation as institutional arrangements to prevent secondary damage to victims of digital sex crimes. Third, as a way to minimize secondary damage by supporting victims of digital sex crimes, a system that can quickly support victims in case of an incident should be established by avoiding duplication of work due to professional division of work among related agencies and by establishing an integrated DB that can share digital sex crime information.

본 논문에서는 최근 충청지역의 농촌마을에 발생한 수해 피해 현황을 살펴보았고 그 중 천안시 ㅇㅇ리 마을 실태조사를 실시하여 피해유형 및 특성을 분석하였다. 이를 바탕으로 농촌지역 수해 피해유형에 따른 재난안전시설 설치 방향 및 개선방안을 검토하였다.

산업보안 범죄의 증가는 산업분야에 막대한 피해는 물론 국가적 차원에서도 큰 경제적 손실을 주고 있다. 특히, 산업기술 보호를 위해 많은 노력을 기울이고 있음에도 산업기술 유출 범죄는 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 이와 같이 산업보안 범죄가 심화되는 이유 중 하 나는 피해에 비해서 처벌 규정 및 양형기준이 낮기 때문이다. 다수의 학자들은 산업보안 범죄자에 대한 처벌을 강화하는 것이 기 범죄를 예방할 수 있다고 주장한다. 그러나 이러 한 문제점에 관해서 산업보안 범죄의 피해 금액 산정방식에 관한 기준이 여전히 정립되지 않고 있음을 지적할 수 있다. 즉, 산업보안 범죄로 인한 피해금액의 산정 방식을 구체적으 로 제시한다면 범죄에 따른 피해의 규모와 이에 근거한 처벌의 수준을 예견 가능하게 될 것이다. 따라서, 산업보안 범죄로 인한 피해 금액 산정 방식의 기준 정립이 산업보안 범죄 에 대한 중요한 대응책으로 볼 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 합리적인 피해 금액 산정모델을 도출한다. 연구의 방법은 수요예측, 기술 가치 평가 방법, 산업연관분석 방법론을 모두 활용하여 피해기업의 최종적인 기술유출 피 해액을 도출한다. 즉, 향후 발생할 수요에 대한 예측과 타 산업분야와의 경제적 파급효과를 측정하여 피해기업의 최종 기술유출 피해액을 파악해보고자 한다. 이후, 이 산정 모델에 대한 검증을 위해 실제 2017년에 발생한 OLED 관련 기술 유출 사건에 적용하는 사례연구 를 진행한다. 본 연구의 결과는, 산업기술 유출사건에 대한 적절한 피해 규모 및 피해 금액 을 예측 산정하여 양형기준을 조정할 때 중요한 근거로 활용한다.

Even though much effort is made to protect industrial technology, the crime of industrial technology leakage continues to increase. One of the reasons for the intensification of industrial security crimes is that the punishment is weak compared to the damage. Professionals argue that strengthening punishment for industrial security offenders can prevent crime. However, it can be pointed out that the standards for the method of calculating the amount of damage to industrial security crimes have still not been established regarding this problem. In other words, if the method of calculating the amount of damage caused by industrial security crimes is specifically presented, the scale of damage caused by the crime and the level of punishment based on it will be predictable. Therefore, establishing standards for calculating the amount of damage caused by industrial security crimes can be seen as an important countermeasure against industrial security crimes. In this study, a reasonable damage calculation model is derived. The research method uses all of the demand forecasting, technology value evaluation method, and industry-related analysis method to derive the final damage amount of technology leakage of the affected company. In other words, by predicting future demand and measuring the economic ripple effect with other industries, we try to figure out the final loss of technology leakage of the affected company. Afterwards, a case study will be conducted to verify this calculation model, which is applied to the actual OLED-related technology leakage incident in 2017. The results of this study are used as an important basis for adjusting sentencing standards by predicting and calculating the appropriate scale and amount of damage for industrial technology leakage cases.

This paper describes the development of a time domain simulation program to assess the dynamic behaviour of a locally design passenger vessel - 'Sarawak Long Boat' in damaged and beam wave conditions. The Sarawak Long Boat is a high-speed passenger vessel that has a peculiar design of high L/B ratio of more than 10. The slender body of the vessel with long compartments is very sensitive to damage stability and rolling in beam waves. The mathematical modelling for motions in beam waves takes into consideration progressive flooding as well as effect of water accumulation. Parametric investigation is carried out to identify the effect of a number of key parameters on damage survivability. These include the wave height and loading condition of the vessel. The results of parametric investigation are presented and discussed.

Haematococcus pluvialis is a commercial microalga that can produce high quantities of astaxanthin. Under induced conditions, some important changes in the subcellular structures related to astaxanthin accumulation were observable. For example, a large number of astaxanthin granules, oil structures and starch granules appeared in the thick-walled cells; Astaxanthin granules gradually dissolved into the oil structures and spread throughout the entire cell with the fusion and diffusion process of oil structures during the middle and late stages of induction; The plastoglobules were closed to the newly formed structures, and some plastoglobules would abnormally increase in size under stress. Based on observations of cell damage, the degradation of membrane structures, such as chloroplasts, was found to be the primary form of damage during the early stage of induction. During the middle stage of induction, some transparent holes were exposed in the dissolving astaxanthin granules in the cytoplasm. In thick-walled cells, these transparent holes were covered by oil substances dissolving astaxanthin, thereby avoiding further damage to cells. Given the relatively few oil structures, in non-thick-walled cells, the transparent holes expanded to form multiple transparent areas, eventually resulting in the rupture and death of cells. These results suggested that the high level of synthesis and the wide range diffusion of oil explained the expansion of astaxanthin in H. pluvialis.

The objective of this study is to monitor the health status of harbor caissons which have potential foundation damage. To obtain the objective, the following approaches are performed. Firstly, a structural damage monitoring(SDM) method is designed for interlocked multiple-caisson structures. The SDM method utilizes the change in modal strain energy to monitor the foundation damage in a target caisson unit. Secondly, a finite element model of a caisson system which consists of three caisson units is established to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. In the finite element simulation, the caisson units are constrained each other by shear-key connections. The health status of the caisson system against various levels of foundation damage is monitored by measuring relative modal displacements between the adjacent caissons.

The wear particles is released from the moving surfaces in gear systems of transmission and its morphology is directly related to the damage and failure to gear system from which the particles originated. It is the effective method for damage condition estimation of automobile transmission gear to observe wear debris in gear oil. We tested with new transmission and took out gear oil according to driving distance. To be applied to damage condition of gear system in transmission of automobile,4 shape parameters of wear particles in gear oil were calculated and wear volume were presumed with the image processing system.

중소기업의 산업기밀 유출범죄 피해는 국가의 생존권을 좌우할 수 있는 매우 심각한 사안이며, 범국가적 차원의 지원을 통해 더 이상 피해가 확대되는 것을 방지해야 한다. 그러나 그동안 중소기업의 산업기밀 유출범죄와 관련하여 국가적 차원의 법ㆍ제도적 지원과 관련 연구들은 극히 제한적으로 이루어지고 있을 뿐만 아니라 대부분의 논의 역시 내부자 통제 및 관리방안과 자체 보안강화라는 측면에서만 강조되고 있다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 중소기업의 산업기밀 유출범죄 피해에 대한 이론적 고찰과 더불어 최근의 피해실태를 구체적으로 분석하고, 이를 통해 중소기업 자체의 내부자 통제 및 보안강화의 측면을 넘어 국가적 차원에서 피해 감소시킬 수 있는 법ㆍ제도적 방안에 대하여 모색하고자 한다. 연구결과, 중소기업의 산업기밀 유출범죄 피해를 감소시키기 위해서는 첫째, 국가적 차원의 보안시스템 구축 지원이 이루어져야 하며, 둘째, 오래 전부터 논의되고 있는 민간조사제도의 도입 및 활성화가 시급하다. 셋째, 가칭 산업기밀 유출 피해보상 보험제도를 도입하여 중소기업의 피해범위를 감소시킬 수 있어야 할 것이며, 넷째, 일원화된 기관을 창설하여 산업기밀 유출범죄에 대한 수사체계를 강화하거나 경찰 중심의 수사체계로 개편하는 것이 필요하다. 다섯째, 산업기밀(기술) 임치제도의 활성화를 통해 중소기업이 대기업 등에 의해 더 이상 악의적인 기밀유출을 당하지 않는 제도적 보완책이 필요하다. 중소기업은 국가경제의 버팀목이라 할 수 있다. 중소기업의 산업기밀 유출은 기업뿐만 아니라 국가경제에도 막대한 피해를 가져올 수 있는 중요한 문제이다. 그러나 더 이상 이와 같은 문제를 기업의 책임만으로 간주할 수 없을 것이다. 그러므로 중소기업의 산업기밀 유출범죄 피해를 감소시키고 이들이 더욱 건전한 국가경제의 핵심으로 자리잡을 수 있는 범국가적 차원의 지원방안이 시급히 강구되어야 할 것이다.

The industrial secrets leakage crime of a small or medium sized business is a very serious issue capable of deciding natural rights of a country, so it should be prevented that more damage is expanded through support of a pan-national level. However, in connection with industrial secrets leakage crime of a small or medium sized business in the meanwhile, a national level of legal?systematic support and related researches are being executed very limitedly and most discussions are being emphasized only in the aspect of insider control & management methods and self-security's strengthening. Accordingly, this research aims to closely analyze the actual condition of recent damages in addition to theoretical consideration on damage of industrial secrets leakage crimes of a small or medium sized business, and aims to seek legal?systematic methods capable of decreasing damages in a national level by surpassing the aspect of insider control & self-security's strengthening of a small or medium sized business itself through this. As a research result, in order to decrease industrial secrets leakage crimes of a small or medium sized business, first, the support on construction of security systems in a national level should be carried out. Second, the introduction and vitalization of a private investigation system being discussed since a long time ago. Third, the damage range of a small or medium sized business should be decreased by introducing a tentative name's insurance system for compensating industrial secrets leakage damages. Fourth, it is necessary that the investigation system on industrial secrets leakage crimes is strengthened by establishing an unified agency or that it is reorganized as police-oriented investigation system. Fifth, it is necessary that systematic supplement policies to make a small or medium sized business not to suffer from malicious secrets leakage anymore by large companies, etc. It can be said that a small or medium sized business is a support of national economy. Therefore, the industrial secrets leakage of a small or medium sized business is an important issue that can bring about huge damages to the national economy as well as companies. However, the issue like this couldn't be regarded as a responsibility of only a company anymore. Therefore, a support method of a pan-national level that can reduce damages of industrial secrets leakage crimes of a small or medium sized business and be positioned as a core of national economy should be urgently devised.

무인헬기를 이용한 제초제처리는 제초제의 특성이 항공방제에 적합해야하는 등 선결 요인이 무척이나 많다. 논에 발생하는 잡초를 방제할 목적으로 환경친화적 생력형 macro granule(GG) 제초제를 개발하였다. 무인헬기를 이용한 벼 작형별 잡초방제효과 및 벼에 대한 생육특성을 조사하고, 주변작물에 미치는 영향을 평가하였던 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. GG의 무인헬기살포효과는 담수직파시험에서 93.6~96.6%의 방제효과를 보였는데, 손제초구와 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 수량은 손제초구와 약제처리구가 각각 $4,700kg\;ha^{-1}$, $4,450\sim4,670kg\;ha^{-1}$로 비슷하였다. 기계 이앙시험에서는 시험약제 모두 92.7~97.3%의 방제효과를 보였다. 무인헬기살포와 손제초구의 수량은 각각 $5,270\sim5,520kg\;ha^{-1}$, $5,730kg\;ha^{-1}$로 큰 차이는 없었다. 또한 GG살포가 주변작물에 미치는 영향을 보면 액상 제형과 GG가 직접살포되었을 때 배추, 상추, 오이, 고추, 콩, 들깨에 생육억제, 황변, 낙엽 등의 증상이 나타났으며, 일부 개체는 고사하였는데 이것은 무인 헬기를 이용한 약제 살포의 문제점을 시사한 것으로 무인헬기 살포시 주변작물에 약액이 비산되지 않도록 주의가 필요 할 것으로 사료된다. 향후 사용 약제의 선택, 시기, 주변 작물의 종류 등을 감안 한 주도면밀한 연구가 반드시 필요하다고 생각된다. 본 연구의 결과 무인헬기를 이용한 제초제 살포는 우리나라의 농업이 처해진 여건상 새로운 대안이 될 수 있다고 보여지며 이에 대한 체계적인 연구가 더욱 심도 있게 수행되어야 한다고 생각된다.

This experiment was carried out to confirm characteristics of macro granule (GG) for herbicidal efficacy by using remote-controlled aerial application (RCAA) to control annual and perennial weeds in rice paddy field, and phytotoxicity to rice and non target plants of formulation types. Herbicidal efficacy of GG applied by using RCAA was 93.6~96.6% in flooded direct sowing cultivation. There was no difference in phytotoxicity between the hand and the power applicator methods in terms of height, number of tiller and yield component. Herbicidal efficacy of GG applied by using RCAA was 92.7~97.3% in machine transplanting rice field. There was no difference in phytotoxicity between the hand and RCAA methods in terms of height, number of tiller and yield component. When suspension concentrate (SC) and GG were applied directly on Chinese cabbage, lettuce, cucumber, pepper, soybean and wild sesame, several symptoms of injury such as, the inhibition of growth, yellowish, leaf fall and withering was observed.

In case of crude oil tanker, loading condition must be satisfied MARPOL damage stability criteria (Reg.28). But some specific demands are hard to content the criteria. So, it takes a lot of time and efforts to make loading condition reflecting these demands. In this study, PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) is used to make loading condition to be satisfied the criteria. Study result is applied 'CROSSWAY (160,000 DWT Crude Oil Tanker)' in NAPA. The result shows that satisfy the criteria and other constraints and limitation.

본 연구는 임목연료 조건에 따른 산불피해특성을 분석하고자 2009년 이후 산불이 발생했던 강릉, 양양, 고성, 삼척, 울진지역을 대상으로 현장조사를 실시하였으며, 그 결과 유령림이 장령림보다 산불피해에 약하고, 활엽수는 침엽수보다 산불에 강하게 나타났다. 그리고 수고와 지하고가 높을수록 산불피해를 적게 입는 경향이 있으며 흉고직경이 크고 임목밀도가 낮을수록 산불피해를 적게 받는 것으로 나타났다.

Recently, as a result of democratization of criminal proceedings, the protection of the suspect's human rights are being developed. However, compared with an advanced country, the protection of a victim's human rights and reliefs are still unsatisfied. Namely, criminal procedures are progressing around the suspect and nation except victims. For that reason, mistrust of private law is growing. A thesis of victimology for the protection for victims and establishment of a new policy that approach to victims with a new viewpoint is an important fact. After the World WarⅡ, around the Hans von Hentig and Mendelshon, many researchers were published the results of victim reasearch work. However, because of discussion of victim problem that premise a criminological access, position of victim meaned as an axle of find out the criminal causes. Victimological concerned at this moment, focused on aspect of cause that process of victimize about criminal act only, the protection and restoration of victim was under private law's charge. Since the 1970's, however, made a rapid advances in the protection of victim. Problems that position of victim in criminal proceedings in 80's. In 90's, the work joint and several with crime prevention had been made a rapid advance.

The damage of the incendiarism crime is difficult to forecast. The damage of the in incendiarism crime suddenly cause extensive damage for one's life and property. The reprisal psychology of the community and the incendiarsim crime of the critical community are forecasted to increase. If we don't take any alternative arrangement and compensation properly, there will be becoming such a bad in fluence on the social. nowadays the government has not any especial countermeasure about the incendiary crime. so that we may be in need of the plan acutely. The government is in charge of the victim of the incendiary crime, that is kind of the criminal victim. We take a law and virtually impose a heavy burden on government for a victim, but there is a limit to government abilities so casualty insurance should be extended for insuring with expecially preserved building and establishment. In an emergency they take action for saving a life and property but also they establish the system. We are in need of enforcing the prevention, preparation and evacuation education ordinarily. Also the scientific survey and we also offer the scientific survey and support for beneficiaries. The most important thing is raising an awareness of danger according to prevention in a national person.