Earticle

최근 변화하는 보호관찰 현장의 특성 중 하나는 보호관찰관이 업무처리 과정 중 폭력피해에 노출되는 빈도가 증가한다는 점이다. 이러한 특징에도 불구하고, 국내외 에서는 보호관찰관의 폭력피해 경험에 관한 연구가 부족한 상황이다. 이러한 맥락에 서 본 연구는 보호관찰관의 폭력피해경험이 직무만족도에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고, 이 관계에서 스트레스 대처형태의 조절효과를 검증하였다. 폭력피해경험의 영향을 검증함에 있어서는 폭력피해경험을 전체폭력 피해경험과 하위유형별 폭력피해경험으 로 구분하여, 폭력피해경험의 다양성을 반영하려 했다. 이를 위해 서울, 경기, 인천, 충청, 전라, 경상 등의 보호관찰소에서 근무 중인 6급 이하 보호관찰관 총 208명을 편의표집하여 설문조사를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 본 연구의 핵심가설인 폭력피해경험과 직무만족도간에는 부적 관계가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 회귀분석 결과 보호관찰 관의 전체폭력 피해경험이 높을수록 직무만족도는 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 폭력 피해의 하위요인 중에는 간접언어 폭력피해경험만이 직무만족을 유의미하게 감소시켰다. 둘째, 본 연구의 두 번째 가설인 폭력피해경험과 직무만족도간 관계에 있어서 스트레스 대처형태의 조절효과는 부분적으로 존재하였다. 먼저, 전체폭력 피해경험 과 스트레스 대처형태의 상호작용을 분석한 결과, 유의미한 상호작용이 발견되지 않았다. 다만, 폭력피해의 하위유형별로 스트레스 대처형태의 상호작용을 분석한 결과, 직접신체 폭력피해경험과 문제중심 대처 간, 간접신체 폭력피해경험과 문제중심 대 처 간 유의미한 상호작용이 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 보호 관찰관의 폭력피해를 예방하고, 직무만족도를 향상시키기 위한 정책적 보완책을 제안하였다.

One of the emerging characteristics of the evolving probation field is that probation officers are increasingly exposed to violence victimization during their work processes. Despite this, there is a significant lack of research on the experiences of probation officers regarding violence victimization, both domestically and internationally. In this context, this study examines the impact of probation officers' experiences of violence victimization on job satisfaction and investigates the moderating effect of stress coping strategies in this relationship. For this purpose, a convenience sample survey was conducted with 208 probation officers, grade 6 or lower, working in probation offices in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Incheon, Chungcheong, Jeolla, and Gyeongsang regions. The main findings of this study are as follows. First, the core hypothesis of this study, that there is a negative relationship between experiences of violence victimization and job satisfaction, was supported. Regression analysis revealed that higher experiences of violence victimization among probation officers were associated with decreased job satisfaction. Notably, among the sub-factors of violence victimization, experiences of indirect verbal violence significantly decreased job satisfaction. Second, the study's second hypothesis, which proposed a moderating effect of stress coping strategies on the relationship between experiences of violence victimization and job satisfaction, was partially supported. Analyzing the interaction between subtypes of violence victimization and stress coping strategies, significant interactions were found between experiences of direct physical violence and problem-focused coping, as well as between experiences of indirect physical violence and problem-focused coping. Based on these findings, policy recommendations are suggested to prevent violence victimization against probation officers and to improve their job satisfaction.

Based on studies on the effect of the type of supervision of senior managers in the cooking department, which is highly dependent on human resources, on the job satisfaction of the successor, and studies that self-efficacy regulates the relationship of the type of supervision to job satisfaction, this study examined the results of the type of supervision of senior managers in the hotel cooking on the job satisfaction of the successor. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the various types of supervision of senior hotel cooks affect the job satisfaction of the incoming members, investigate the influence that the effects can be adjusted to self-effectiveness, and present desirable types of supervision to enhance the job satisfaction of hotel cooks. If many prior studies were conducted with the department head and the following successors, this study was conducted more internally and "actually" on the relationship between senior managers and successors. Based on the results of this study, we discussed ways to go further, discussing that the nature of the special hotel chefs, who are highly dependent on human resources, affects the job satisfaction of their successor members according to the type of supervision of senior managers. We also discussed the implications and future direction of how to improve job satisfaction for the incoming members.

Objective: With the proportion of the elderly population in Korea reaching 17.5% in 2022 and projected to increase to 20.6% by 2025, 30.1% by 2035, and 43% by 2050, the accelerated aging of the population is raising societal concerns about elderly care. Maintaining mobility is crucial for a healthy and independent old age. Design: Cross-sectional study Methods: This study investigates the effects of dual-task performance on gait variables and cognitive function in older adults. This cross-sectional study involved 60 older adults aged 65 and above, categorized into a dementia group (Korean version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-K) score ≤ 22) and a control group (MoCA-K score ≥ 23). Cognitive and gait functions were assessed using the GAITRite system (GAITRite system, CIR Systems Inc., USA), measuring gait variables (speed, stride length, etc.) before and after dual-task performance. The assessments were conducted under a single-blind condition, and data were analyzed using SPSS (ver. 25.0, SPSS Inc., USA). Results: The dementia group scored lower on cognitive assessments compared to the control group (p<0.05). In dual-task performance evaluations, the dementia group exhibited longer total task times and lower accuracy than the control group (p<0.001), while reaction times were longer but not statistically significant. GAITRite system analysis revealed that the dementia group had reduced gait speed and stride length compared to the control group (p<0.05). However, the difference in gait time was not statistically significant. The study results indicate that older adults with dementia show significant differences in cognitive function and gait performance, with notable impacts under dual-task conditions. Conclusions: These findings underscore the effect of cognitive decline on gait and provide valuable insights for predicting gait and cognitive function deterioration in dementia, which can aid in developing fall prevention strategies.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of movement training based on motor control theory on pain and average power of muscles in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome and to develop more effective training methods. Methods: We studied 35 patients with shoulder impingement syndrome. Patients were randomly assigned to an experimental group or a control group according to the intervention. The therapeutic modalities such as superficial heat, deep heat, and electronic stimulus, and motor control training with strengthening exercises were applied to the experimental group and therapeutic modalities only were applied to the control group. All interventions were done 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Before the intervention and again after the 4 weeks, we measured pain utilizing a visual analog scale. We measured average power using isokinetic equipment. Results: After application of the intervention, pain significantly decreased in both the experimental group and the control group. There was a significant difference between the extent of the decrease between experimental and control groups. After the intervention, the average power between the two groups were significant at an angle of $60^{\circ}$/sec and $180^{\circ}$/sec for external rotator and internal rotator muscles. They also showed significant improvement in all variables post-intervention compared to pre-intervention. Conclusion: This study indicates that there is an effect in giving appropriate motor control training to patients with shoulder impingement syndrome. It is assumed that there will be a need for more surveys on various variables for motor control training from now on.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of self-postural control on foot pressure in subjects with forward head posture. Methods: Forty-two healthy adults were recruited in this study. Participants were divided into two groups: The forward-head postural (FHP) group (craniovertebral angle<$53^{\circ}$, n=22) and the control group (craniovertebral angle${\geq}53^{\circ}$, n=20). In the FHP group, foot pressure was measured using three different standing postures: Comfortable standing posture (CSP), subjective neutral standing posture (SNSP), and neutral standing posture with visual feedback (NSP-VP). Each position was performed in random order. In the control group, foot pressure was measured only using the comfortable standing posture. Results: With respect to CSP and SNSP, there was a significant difference on heel pressure between the two groups (p<0.05). Regarding NSP-VP, however, there was no significant differences on heel pressure between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: We suggest that cervical posture control using visual feedback has a positive effect on the distribution of foot pressure in subjects with forward head posture.

Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of exercise-induced fatigue of the plantar flexor muscle in the dominant ankle on the plantar flexor strength and postural control function of the contra-lateral side. Methods: Twenty-one young adults (male: 10, female: 11) volunteered to participate in this study. An exercise-induced fatigue protocol to induce fatigue was performed in the plantar flexor of the dominant ankle. For the fatigue protocol, the participants were instructed to raise their heels as high as possible in the position with one leg stance of the dominant lower limb, and the heel was then downed after holding for 1 second. The muscle strength of the contra-lateral plantar flexor was measured using a digital muscle strength test device, and the static and dynamic postural control were tested by acquiring the center of gravity velocity while performing one leg standing. A paired t-test was used to identify the differences between the pre- and post, and the data were analyzed using SPSS 12.0 software. Results: Comparison of the pre- and post-test data revealed a significant difference in the plantar flexor strength and dynamic postural control after exercise-induced muscle fatigue in the dominant side. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the static postural control. Conclusion: These findings have practical implications, suggesting that unilateral muscle fatigue affects the ankle muscle strength and postural ability of the contralateral side.

PURPOSE: This study examined the influence of treadmill exercise with initial pain control using transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on induced pain of knee osteoarthritis in rats. METHODS: Thirty adult male Sprague - Dawley rats were divided randomly into the TENS Group (TG, n = 10), Treadmill Exercise Group (TEG, n = 10), and Treadmill with TENS Group (TTG, n = 10). In the TG, TENS was performed for 20 min per day for two weeks with a TENS program at the knee joint. The TEG performed treadmill exercise 15 m/min for 20 min per day for two weeks. The TTG performed initial pain control by TENS program during the 1st ~ 3rd days, and treadmill exercise was performed using the TEG methods from the 4th day. The lumbar spine was extracted and processed using western blot analysis to evaluate pain (c-fos expression). RESULTS: The results showed that c-fos expression was decreased significantly in all groups after each intervention (p < .05). In particular, TTG produced the most significant decrease compared to the other groups. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that treadmill exercise with initial pain control using TENS is a suitable method for relieving pain in knee osteoarthritis.

Carnitine, hydroxycitric acid, and soy peptide have been known to be anti-obesity agents. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the combined effects of carnitine, hydroxycitric acid, and soy peptide mixture as a potential anti-obesity supplement in overweight women. Overweight premenopausal women (n=33; PIBW>110; 20 to 39 years) were randomized into two groups: the placebo group and the functional beverage group (the test group). Functional beverage was composed of 2000 mg soy peptide, 20 mg L-carnitine and 300 mg garcinia(40% hydroxycitric acid). Body weight and 3 day food dimes, biochemical measurements and computerized tomography were measured at baseline and 8-week. After 8-week consumption of functional beverage with usual diet and exercise, body weight fell an average of 1.4 kg (2.1%). Visceral fat area reduced an average of 7.8% at L1($69.6{\pm}8.7\;vs\;64.2{\pm}7.5\;\textrm{cm}^2$) and 5.1% ($60.7{\pm}4.9\;vs\;57.6{\pm}4.8\;\textrm{cm}^2$, p<0.05) at L4level after weight loss in the test group. Calf fat area in the test group showed about 10% reduction ($31.0{\pm}2.7\;vs=\;27.7{\pm}1.7\;\textrm{cm}^2$, p<0.05) after weight loss. These reductions in fat areas were not shown in the placebo group. There were tendencies of increase in serum levels of $\beta-hydroxybutyrate$, acetoacetate, and total ketones in the test group. There were 7% and 17% insignificant increase in fasting free fatty acid (FFA) and response area of FFA during oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT), respectively, in this group. ill addition, little weight loss in the test group showed 8% but not significant reduction in insulin response area during OGTT. In conclusion, this study shows that taking a mixture of carnitine, hydroxycitric acid, and soy peptide as a potential anti-obesity supplement for 8-week produced advantageous changes in the weight and visceral fat accumulation of overweight women.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of remote health interventions on self-management of hypertension. Methods: We systematically searched the literature for studies published in English in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China NationalKnowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The database was used to search for relevantstudies with full text and evaluate the remote health interventions for hypertension self-management versus usual care for hypertension. RevMan 5.4 was used for data analysis. Results: A total of 19 studies eventually met our inclusion criteria. The results showed that the remote health interventions groupcould significantly reduce the levels of SBP (MD=5.67, 95% CI=4.12-7.22, p<.001) and DBP (MD=1.88, 95% CI=1.16- 2.60, p<.001),compared with usual care group, it also significantly improving the patient's quality of life (SMD=0.84, 95% CI=0.32- 1.37, p=.002),reduce waist circumference (MD=2.39, 95% CI=0.35-4.44, p=.020) and BMI (MD=0.49, 95% CI=0.06-0.91, p=.020), and significantlyincreasing the physical activity of patients (SMD=0.19, 95% CI=0.06- 0.31, p=.004). No obvious publication bias was found in thismeta-analysis. Conclusion: This study showed that remote health interventions for self-management can significantly improve patients’ quality of lifewith hypertension and better BP control than usual care. Further studies could be assess the long-term clinical effectiveness and economicevaluation of remote health interventions for self-management. Keywords: Health; Self-Management; Hypertension; Meta-Analysis

Recent studies on cognitive control have integrated motivational factors into the control process. However, how motivation affects cognitive control processes remains unclear. Based on previous findings, we assumed that the intensity of control would change flexibly with the age difference in value system and the ability to allocate cognitive resources depending on reward value would be well-maintained in older age. In this study, we examined this hypothesis by varying the feedback presented to young and older adults in the Eriksen flanker task which presents three different types of feedback: emotional, monetary, and neutral. Each age group showed their best performance in the feedback condition which was the most appealing to them. This result suggests that the level of control engagement is modulated by reward value and there is no age difference in the ability to allocate the optimal amount of the control resource. These findings provide a novel perspective in understanding individual differences in cognitive control.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of internal abdominis pressure(normal, hollowing and bracing) on trunk muscle activity during one leg bridge exercise. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Thirteen healthy adults (9 men and 4 women) were instructed to perform Internal abdominal pressure(IAP) control(Normal, Hollowing, Bracing) during one leg bridge. Electromyography (EMG) data (% Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction, MVIC) were recorded three times on both sides of the participant's Internal Oblique(IO), Effector Spinae(ES), and Multifidus(MF) muscles and the average value was analyzed. Results: As a result, Abdominal bracing one leg bridge (BOLB) group and Abdominal hollowing one leg bridge (HOLB) group showed significantly increased muscle activation of bilateral internal oblique, erector spinae and multifidus activation compared to the Normal one leg bridge (NOLB) group (p<0.05). Abdominal hollowing one leg bridge (HOLB) group had a significant difference in bilateral Internal oblique muscle activation in compared to the NOLB group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Bilateral internal oblique, erector spinae, and multifidus muscles activation in healthy adults at one leg bridge exercise showed greater activation at abdominal bracing. Therefore, in this study, IAP control can be used as an indicator of choice to the dysfunction with trunk muscle weakness and corrective exercise subject's situation when the goal is to activate the trunk muscles by performing one leg bridge.

Objective To assess the eff ect of dominant and non-dominant vision in controlling posture in quiet stance. Method Twenty-fi ve healthy elderly subjects aged over 60 years old and twenty-fi ve young subjects aged under 30 years old were assessed by computerized dynamic posturography. Postural stability was measured in two conditions; dominant eye open and non-dominant eye open. We used the sensory organization test (SOT) for evaluating sensory impairment. A SOT assessed the subject’s ability to use and integrate somatosensory input,vision, and vestibular cueseff ectively to maintain balance. The SOT was conducted 3 times, and the average value of the 3 trials was used for data analysis. Equilibrium scores reflected the subject’s anteroposterior sway. The highest possible score was 100, which indicated that the subject did not sway at all, and a score of 0 indicated a fall from the footplate. Determination of ocular dominance was performed by a hole-in-the card test. Results For the twenty-five young subjects in this study, equilibrium score in two conditions did not differ. However, for elderly subjects over 60 years, the equilibrium score in dominant vision was higher than in nondominant vision (p<0.05). Conclusion In young subjects, there were no signifi cant diff erences in postural control between dominant vision and non-dominant vision. However, in elderly subjects, postural control in non-dominant vision was signifi cantly impaired. Therefore, the evaluation of a dominant eye should be considered in rehabilitation programs for elderly people.

Purpose This paper describes the effects of a comprehensive lifestyle modification program (CLMP) on glycemic control and body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods This study was performed from October 2003 to April 2005, and used an experimental design with random assignment. The experimental group (n = 25) received CLMP for 4 months and follow-up sessions for 9 months. CLMP included nurse-led education on exercise and diet, and counseling on stress management and self-monitoring of their diabetic health. The control group (n = 23) received a 1-hour educational session on diabetic diet at the beginning of the study. Glucose level and body composition were measured in both groups a total of five times: at baseline (pre-intervention) and at 0, 3, 6 and 9 months post intervention. Results Repeated-measures ANOVA showed that there were statistically significant differences in fasting blood sugar and HbA1c levels between the two groups (both p < .05). Both groups demonstrated statistically significant changes in body composition over time, but there was no significant difference in the pattern of change between the two groups. Conclusion CLMP is a useful program, and its multiple approaches by nurses as the leaders and coordinators appear to have positive and synergistic roles in improving and maintaining stable glucose level and body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes.

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of back and spine stretching exercises using Pilates equipment on the balance control ability, upper trapezius muscle tension, and forced vital capacity (FVC) of normal adults. METHODS: Sixteen college students attending S University in Chungcheongnam-do were enrolled in this study. Two stretching methods were applied using Pilates equipment. For the evaluation after stretching, the balance ability was measured using Tetrax, and the respiratory rate was measured using a spirometer. The muscle tone at the upper trapezius tender point was assessed using a Myotone. RESULTS: Among the stability indices, a significant difference in balance after stretching was observed only when the eyes were closed (p < .05). A significant difference in the upper trapezius muscle tone and FVC was noted after stretching (p < .05). After the follow-up, a significant difference was observed only in the FVC (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Stretching using Pilates equipment increases the balance and breathing capacity while contributing to a reduction in muscle tone.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to objectively and systematically investigate the effect of Kinesio taping by organizing and analyzing the research results using effect size. Methods: A total of 1,000 papers was searched, and 100 of them were selected the first time. Afterward, the effects of taping were analyzed and classified papers that studied balance, muscle strength, and pain, and finally 34 papers were selected. The effect size was calculated using the Effect Size Calculators (University of Colorado, USA) program. Statistical analysis was performed by using PASW Statistics software version 23.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). Descriptive statistics were used to obtain the effect size and confidence interval for each group. Results: In a study related to balance control ability, the effect size was 1.519 in the young subjects group (20-39 years old), and the effect size in the elderly group (65 years or older) was 0.360. In a study related to muscle strength, the effect size was 0.469 in the group of young subjects and 0.250 in the middle-aged group (40-65 years old), and the effect size of the elderly group was 0.848. In the study related to pain control, the effect size was 0.469 in the young group, the effect size of the middle-aged group was 0.972, and the effect size of the elderly group was 1.040. Conclusion: Kinesio taping differed in the degree of effect according to the age group of the subjects, but it was effective in balance control ability, muscle strength, and pain.

Purpose: This study evaluated the effectiveness of a 14-week mentoring program for first year nursing students and their ways of coping with stress and locus of control. Methods: The study was designed as a quasi-experimental study. Sixty-six first year students (mentees) and 66 fourth year students (mentors) were eligible to be in the mentoring program. Mentors and mentees contacted each other weekly, as required, to provide information and support. In order to determine the efficiency of the mentoring program, a Locus of Control Scale, the Ways of Coping Inventory and Mentoring Assessment Form were filled out by mentees. Results: In this study the mentoring program increased students' internal locus of control and active coping with stress. The increase in internal locus of control showed parallelism with students' behaviors of seeking social support. Conclusion: It is recommended that in nursing schools, the mentoring program be used as an additional program.

Purpose: This study examined the effects of heel raise exercises combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on the muscle strength and postural control ability of subjects with functional ankle instability (FAI). Methods: Twenty-two subjects with FAI participated in this study. They were assigned randomly to two groups: 11 each in the NMES and the sham-NMES groups. Heel raise exercise was applied, and NMES electrodes were attached to the peroneus longus muscles. The NMES group applied NMES during the heel raise exercise. NMES was applied for 20 minutes during the heel raise exercise. The heel raise exercise was performed four times a week for five weeks. The muscle strength and balance error scoring system (BESS) were measured before and after the intervention. Results: A comparison of before and after the intervention within the groups revealed improved muscle strength in the NMES and Sham-NMES groups, but the BESS was improved under all conditions only in the NMES group. The Sham-NMES group showed no improvement in the unstable support surface. Furthermore, when comparing the amount of change before and after the intervention between the groups, there were significant differences in the total score and unstable support in the BESS and muscle strength. Conclusion: NMES had a positive effect on the functional activities of the functional ankle instability subjects, such as balancing on an unstable support surface during postural control and increasing muscle strength.

Purpose: In this study, we tried to determine the effect of upper extremity training such as functional reaching on improved trunk control and ADL performance in post-stroke hemiplegic patients. Methods: We randomly selected 11 stroke patients in the hospital, who had a problem with the upper extremity, trunk and ADL performance. The patients were divided into the conservative training group and the functional reaching training group. We applied general occupational therapy only in the conservative training group whereas we applied upper extremity training with a focus on functional reaching in the functional reaching training group. To compare the two groups we used several assessment tools such as Modified Barthel Index (MBI), total Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), static TIS, dynamic TIS and coordinative TIS. Results: The results obtained were as follows: (1) In the functional reaching training group, there was a statistically significant difference in the total TIS score, dynamic TIS score, and MBI. (2) We compared the results obtained before training with the changes in the results obtained after training and found that there was a relation between the assessment outcomes. Especially, static TIS score showed a relation in both groups. Conclusion: Functional reaching training influenced both the trunk control and ADL performance. Especially, the functional reaching training group demonstrated better static trunk control ability than the conservative treatment group.

Purpose: This randomized control trial was designed to examine the effect on the self-managing ability for promoting bone health of mobile typeebone health intervention (mobile typeeBHI). Methods: The mobile typeeBHI consisted of amobile application called “Strong bone, Fit body” (SbFb) and group education. A total of 82 college women with low bone mass (Z score < -1) participated. They were assigned randomly to three groups, experimental group I, (n = 28), experimental group II (n = 32), and control group (n = 22). This study ran from June 2014 to January 2015. The outcome variables were bone mineral density, minerals related to bone metabolism (calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D), biochemical markers related to bone remodeling (osteocalcin, C-terminal telopeptide, sclerostin), food intake diary by 24 hours recall, and psychosocial variables related to bone health (knowledge, health belief and selfefficacy). Data were analyzed using SAS program and a computer aided nutritional analysis program. Results: Both the experimental group I, who used mobile typeeBHI, and experimental group II, who only received group education, showed outcomes regarding knowledge of the benefits of exercise and calcium as compared with the control group. The two experimental groups also demonstrated results in the serum levels of calcium, vitamin D, and sclerostin compared to those of the control group. Conclusion: Although both experimental groups exhibited positive outcomes in regards to the promotion of bone health, this study did not show an additional effect of the mobile application on selfmanagement ability for the promotion of bone health. Nonetheless, the SbFb application is very meaningful as it is the first application developed with the aim of improving women's bone health.

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of four weeks of exercise training on knee circumference and range of motion (ROM), pain perception, wellness, and VO_2max in patients at Osun State University Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria. METHODS: Forty subjects who met the inclusion criteria were randomized into control and experimental groups. patients were subjected to four weeks of flexibility and strengthening exercise, which included squatting exercise, ROM exercise, both groups were given some cardiovascular exercise. VO_2max), Wellness score and circumference. RESULTS: Compared to the baseline values (week 1), there was increase in the knee ROM, and decrease in the pain perception in both groups after four weeks. However, the improvements seen in the experimental group, were significantly better relative to the control group after four weeks of intervention. owever, knee ROM and wellness scores of the experimental group, and the VO_2max of both significantly increase, but significantly decrease in the knee circumference and pain perception of both groups following 4 weeks of exercise was recorded. CONCLUSION: he exercise modality in the study promote cardiovascular endurance, knee joint integrity, reduce pain perception in subjects. xercise intervention s beneficia to both groups since both reduction in the pain felt and also in knee swelling.