Earticle

본 연구의 주요 목적은 중독행동에 대한 재발예방의 함의에 관련한 문헌을 중심으로 소개하고 고찰하는 데 있다. 마약은 인간의 영혼, 정신, 신체를 저리고 마비시키는 물질이라는 의미이다. 마약중독은 유기체가 강박행동을 하는 상태이며, 강박행동이 강화(보상이나 쾌락)되며, 섭취 제 한에 대한 통제력상실(loss of control)이 나타난다. 따라서 마약은 중독(질병)의 대상이자 쾌락 (보상)의 원천이다. 흔히 마약을 취하면 뇌의 이성이 마비되거나 억제되어 해방감을 느끼고 고통 과 스트레스의 도피처나 탈출구로 삼는다. 이러한 중독회복자의 처우를 위한 접근방법에는 중독 에 대한 이해, 약물치료, 재발예방, 회복과정 등을 포함한다. 중독은 흔히 만성적이고, 뇌 질환이 고, 재발한다. 본 논문을 이 중에서 재발예방에 관련한 Marlatt의 고위험상황의 분류법 (taxonomy)을 기반한 재발의 인지행동모델, 재발의 역동적 모델, 실족과 재발과정에 적용되는 의사결정 및 대처기술의 예를 제시했다. 아울러 마약사용장애를 위해 실존적·인문학적 접근방식 인 Johari 창 모델(Window Model): 자기발견(self-dicovery), 자기공개(self-disclousre), 관 찰(observation), 피드백(feedback) 등을 개입하여 중독회복자의 자기계발과 성장에 이바지해 야 할 필요가 있다. Johari 창은 정서지능(emotional intelligence), 자기인식(self-awareness), 성장사고방식(growth mindset) 등은 심리학 및 개인개발의 개념과 밀접하게 연결되어 있다. 이 러한 절충의 통찰력을 결합하면 중독회복자의 개인성장과 직업성장에 대한 보다 포괄적인 접근방 식을 개발할 수 있다. 향후 국내 중독치료와 재발예방에 대한 미래의 원칙은 어디서 왔는가가 아니 라 어디로 가는가가 더 중요하다. 따라서 향후 중독치료(행위중독/물질중독)와 재발예방을 위해 통합적·절충적인 심리치료접근과 더불어 실존적·인문학적 이해와 적용에 기반한 다학제간의 접근방식이 필요하다.

The main purpose of this study is to introduce and examine literature related to the implications of relapse prevention for addictive behaviors. Drugs are substances that numb and paralyze the human soul, mind, and body. Drug addiction is a state in which an organism performs compulsive behaviors, and compulsive behaviors are reinforced (reward or pleasure), and loss of control over intake restriction occurs. Therefore, drugs are both an object of addiction (disease) and a source of pleasure (reward). When taking drugs, the brain's rationality is often paralyzed or suppressed, resulting in a sense of liberation and an escape from pain and stress. Approaches to treating these recovering addicts include understanding addiction, medication, relapse prevention, and the recovery process. Addiction is often chronic, brain disease, and relapse. This paper presents a cognitive-behavioral model of relapse based on Marlatt’s taxonomy of high-risk situations, a dynamic model of relapse, and an example of decision-making and coping skills applied to the lapse and relapse process as well. In addition, it is necessary to intervene in the Johari Window Model, an existential and humanistic approach to drug use disorder: self-discovery, self-disclosure, observation, and feedback, to contribute to the self-development and growth of recovering addicts. The Johari window is closely linked to the concepts of psychology and personal development, including emotional intelligence, self-awareness, and growth mindset. Combining these insights of compromise can develop a more comprehensive approach to the personal and professional growth of recovering addicts. The future principles of domestic addiction treatment and relapse prevention are not where they came from, but where they are going. Therefore, for future addiction treatment (behavioral addiction/substance addiction) and relapse prevention, an integrated and eclectic psychotherapy approach, as well as a multidisciplinary approach based on existential and humanistic understanding and application, is needed.

E-commerce has grown to be perceived as an integral component of modern customers’ lives. Fast innovation enables businesses to implement new business ideas that enhance customers’ shopping experiences. The motive is to study the allurement of unrestrained buying behaviors resulting from Live Streaming Commerce in the presence of Emotional imagery. The conceptual model and hypotheses for the study have been framed based on the SOR model. A survey was conducted in north India, where data was collected from 577 consumers experiencing live streaming and analyzed with the help of AMOS and SPSS software. The repulsive behavior scale has been developed by using qualitative research. The findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between the stimulus of livestreaming and unrestrained buying behaviors with the mediating role of emotional imagination. Two crucial mediating factors, pleasure, and arousal (fervent imagination), have successfully predicted experiential shopping behavior. The study has implications for online marketers and policymakers, as marketers can use our developed model to understand consumers’ different buying behaviors, and policymakers can select and design specific features for the social presence of live streaming. Integrating three different types of unrestrained buying behavior influenced by live streaming would add to the literature. The study adds value to the literature by developing a scale to measure repulsive behavior after testing and validating with experts.

본 연구에서는 청소년의 강박적 신념이 강박행동에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고, 강박적 신념과 강박행동의 관계에서 정서인식 명확성의 조절효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구대상자는 고등학생 519명으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 본 연구 결과에 따르면 첫째, 강박적 신념 전체는 강박행동 전체와 정적 상관을 그리고 강박적 신념 중 ‘위험에 대한 과대지각/과도한 책임감’, ‘완벽주의/불확실성에 대한 두려움’과 강박행동 중 ‘확인’, ‘오염’은 정서인식 명확성과 부적 상관을 보였다. 둘째, 정서인식 명확성과 강박적 신념의 하위요인에 따라 강박행동의 하위요인에 미치는 영향력에 있어 유의한 차이를 보였다. 셋째, 강박적 신념의 하위요인 중 ‘완벽주의/불확실성에 대한 두려움’과 강박행동의 하위요인 중 ‘확인’, ‘의심’의 관계에서 정서인식 명확성의 조절효과의 가능성이 있음을 확인하였다. 이와 같이 본 연구의 결과는 강박적 신념과 강박행동의 관계에서 정서인식 명확성의 조절효과를 알아봄으로써 강박 증상을 경험하는 청소년들의 개입에 있어 정서인식 능력 향상의 중요성을 시사해주고 있다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating effects of emotional clarity on the relationship between obsessive beliefs and compulsive behavior in adolescents. A questionnaire survey was administered to 519 high school students. Analysis yielded the following results: First, obsessive beliefs positively correlated with compulsive behavior but sub-factors of obsessive beliefs, such as Responsibility/Threat Estimation and Perfectionism/Certainty negatively correlated with sub-factors of compulsive behavior such as Checking, Contamination and emotional clarity. Second, significant differences were found in the influence of compulsive behavior on sub-factors of obsessive beliefs and emotional clarity. Third, it was also found that the moderating effect of emotional clarity on the relationship between sub-factors of obsessive beliefs such as Perfectionism/Certainty and sub-factors of compulsive behavior such as Checking/Doubting. Significance and limitations are discussed.

본 연구의 목적은 온라인 마케팅자극요인(제품독특성, 쇼핑편의성, 가격관련 판촉활동, 커뮤니케이션 자극)이 플로우와 온라인강박구매행동에 미치는 영향을 온라인강박구매성향에 따라 비교하는 것이다. 강박구매행동에 관한 지금까지의 연구에서는 대체로 강박구매자의 개인적 특성에 집중하였으며, 마케팅자극요인에 관한 연구는 매우 부족한 편이다. 더구나 비강박구매자들의 강박구매행동에 영향을 미치는 연구는 거의 찾아보기 힘들다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이들 두 집단의 온라인강박구매행동에 영향을 미치는 마케팅 변수들의 상대적 차이를 확인하고자 한다. 자료는 온라인 쇼핑환경(인터넷쇼핑, TV홈쇼핑, 모바일)에서 강박구매의 경험이 있는 소비자들을 대상으로 리서치기관에 의뢰하여 수집하였으며, 수집된 자료는 공변량 구조분석에 의한 대응별 모수비교를 통해 검정하였다. 분석결과, 온라인강박구매성향이 낮은 집단에서는 커뮤니케이션 자극요인만이, 높은 집단에서는 가격관련 판촉활동만 온라인강박구매행동에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 두 집단 모두에서 가격관련 판촉활동을 제외한 모든 온라인마케팅자극요인이 플로우에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 온라인강박구매성향이 낮은 집단에서는 플로우가 온라인강박구매행동을 유도하는 요인이 되지만, 온라인강박구매성향이 높은 집단에서는 플로우를 거치지 않고 가격관련 판촉활동이 온라인강박구매행동에 직접적으로 영향을 미친다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 요약컨대, 온라인마케팅자극요인이 온라인강박구매행동에 미치는 영향은 두 집단간 분명한 차이를 보이고 있다. 이러한 연구결과는 온라인강박구매행동의 원인을 확인하기 위한 후속 연구에 도움이 될 것이며, 온라인 환경에서 합리적인 구매행동을 위한 기업의 마케팅활동에도 참고가 될 것이다. 또한 본 연구는 온라인 쇼핑환경에서의 부정적인 소비행동을 줄이기 위한 방안을 마련하는 데에도 유용한 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of on-line marketing stimuli (uniqueness of product, convenience of shopping, promotion-related pricing and communication stimulus) on the flow and the on-line compulsive buying behavior by on-line compulsive buying tendency. The data were collected by an internet research agency, based on the target customers who had experiences of compulsive buying in online shopping environment (internet shopping, TV home shopping and mobile shopping, etc.). The collected data were analyzed by pairwise parameter comparison using structural equation modeling. As a result, a group with higher on-line compulsive buying tendency had been directly influenced by promotion-related pricing only, while a group with lower on-line compulsive buying tendency had been influenced by communication stimulus only. Meanwhile, regarding the effect of marketing stimuli on the flow, both groups had been influenced by all factors except for promotion-related pricing. It means that the flow could be an inducing factor of on-line compulsive buying behavior of a group with lower online compulsive buying tendency. But a group with higher on-line compulsive buying tendency was directly influenced by promotion-related pricing without mediating the flow. Such results would be helpful for further studies in finding the causes of on-line compulsive buying behavior. And the study could be used for development of on-line business company’s marketing strategy to direct healthy purchasing of buyers in online environments. Also, the study would provide meaningful implications to reduce negative buying behavior of on-line consumers on-line shopping environment.

본 연구는 국제질병분류 11차 개정안(ICD-11)에서 충동조절장애의 하나로 강박적 성행동 장애(CSBD)가 포함됨에 따라 Grubbs 등(2023)이 ICD-11 진단 기준을 바탕으로 개발한 CSBD-DI (compulsive sexual behavior disorder-diagnostic inventory) 척도를 한국어로 번안 및 타당화하였다. 한국인 성인 남녀 총 403명(남 202, 여 201)을 대상으로(M_age=46.1, SD=13.44), 설문기관을 통해 온라인으로 조사를 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 확인적 요인분석을 통해 총 7문항의 K-CSBD-DI가 한국인 표본에서도 단일 요인 구조가 적합한 것으로 나타났으며, 내적합치도도 양호한 수준으로 확인되었다(α=0.73, ω=0.76). 수렴타당도 및 변별타당도 검증을 위해 문제적 음란물 소비 척도(PPCS-K), DSM-5 준거 성중독 척도(SAS), 강박적 성행동 장애 척도(K-CSBD-19), 역학연구 우울 척도(K-CES-D), 자살사고 속성 척도(SIDAS)와 K-CSBD-DI 간 상관분석을 실시하였고, 적절한 수준의 수렴·변별타당도를 확보하였다. 위험군을 선별하기 위한 ROC 분석 결과, 최적의 절단점은 1점으로 확인되었다. 끝으로, 본 연구의 주요 결과 및 관련 시사점, 의의와 한계 등을 논의하였다.

This study aimed to translate and validate the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder- Diagnostic Inventory (CSBD-DI), developed by Grubbs et al. (2023), into Korean. The CSBD-DI is based on the diagnostic criteria for Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD), which was recently classified as an impulse control disorder in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). A total of 403 Korean adults (202 males and 201 females; M_age = 46.1, SD = 13.44) participated in an online survey conducted by a survey agency. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the 7-item Korean version of the CSBD-DI (K-CSBD-DI) displayed a unidimensional factor structure suitable for the Korean sample. The internal consistency was acceptable, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.73 and McDonald’s omega of 0.76. Convergent and discriminant validity were assessed through correlation analyses with the Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale (PPCS-K), the DSM-5 based Sex Addiction Scale (SAS), the Korean CSBD-19 scale (K-CSBD-19), the Korean version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (K-CES-D), and the Suicide Ideation Attributes Scale (SIDAS), demonstrating adequate validity levels. ROC analysis for identifying high-risk individuals suggested an optimal cutoff score of 1 point. Lastly, the study discusses key findings, implications, significance, and limitations.

이 연구는 성인을 대상으로 경계선 성격 경향성과 강박적 성행동과의 관계를 확인하고 지각된 스트레스와 부정긴급성의 매개효과를 검증하여 경계선 성격 경향성으로 발생하는 자기파괴적 행동문제를 해결할 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 전국에 거주중인 성인 306명을 대상으로 경계선 성격 경향성, 지각된 스트레스, 부정 긴급성, 강박적 성행동을 측정할 수 있는 척도를 사용하여 설문을 구성하고 조사를 실시하였다. 수집된 자료는 기술통계분석, 신뢰도 분석, Pearson 상관분석을 실시하여 자료의 기초적 특징을 확인하였고, 연구가설을 검증하기 위해 구조방정식 모델링을 활용하여 연구모형을 분석하였으며, 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 이 연구에서 활용된 주요변인들의 상관은 모두 정적으로 유의하였다. 둘째, 경계선 성격 경향성과 강박적 성행동과의 관계는 정적으로 유의하였으며, 두 관계를 지각된 스트레스와 부정 긴급성이 순차적으로 매개하는 경로도 정적으로 유의하였다. 이 결과는 경계선 성격 경향성이 높으면 지각된 스트레스와 부정 긴급성이 활성화되어 높은 빈도의 강박적 성행동을 보고한다는 것을 의미한다. 따라서 스트레스를 적응적으로 지각할 수 있도록 하여 부정적 정서의 수준을 낮추고 부정 긴급성을 감내할 수 있도록 개입하는 것이 경계선 성격 경향으로 발생하는 강박적 성행동을 효과적으로 대처할 수 있는 방법이 될 수 있겠다. 마지막으로 이 연구의 의의와 한계점을 논의하였다.

This study attempted to identify the relationship between borderline personality tendency and obsessive sexual behavior in adults and to find ways to solve self-destructive behavior problems caused by borderline personality tendency by confirming the mediating effect of perceived stress and negative urgency. To this end, a survey was organized and conducted in 306 adults living across the country using scales that can measure borderline personality tendency, perceived stress, negative urgency, and obsessive sexual behavior. Descriptive statistical analysis, reliability analysis, and Pearson correlation analysis were performed on the collected data to confirm the basic characteristics of the data, and the research model was verified using structural equation modeling to verify the research hypothesis. The results of the analysis were as follows: First, the correlation between the main variables used in this study was positively significant. Second, the causal relationship between borderline personality tendencies and compulsive sexual behavior was statistically significant, and the causal relationship, in which perceived stress and negative urgency sequentially mediated the two relationships, was also confirmed to be statistically significant. These results indicated that when the borderline personality tendency was increased, perceived stress and denial urgency could be activated and the frequency of compulsive sexual behavior could increase. Therefore, an intervention to adaptively perceive stress, reduce the level of negative emotions, and endure negative urgency can be an effective way to cope with obsessive sexual behavior caused by borderline personality trends. Finally, the significance and limitations of this study were discussed.

다른 정신건강 문제와 마찬가지로 강박적 성행동의 위험도 COVID-19 확산 후 증가하였다. 본 연구에서는 COVID-19로 인한 심리적 고통이 강박적 성행동에 미치는 영향을 확인하고, 이 과정에서 부정적 정서신념 및 충동성의 상호작용효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 온라인에서 성인 참여자 404명(여성 225명, Mage=45.01, SDage=13.54)을 모집하여 COVID-19로 인한 심리적 고통과 부정적 정서신념, 충동성을 측정하는 자기보고식 질문지를 실시하였다. 위계적 회귀분석 결과, COVID-19 심리적 고통은 강박적 성행동을 정적으로 예측하였다. PROCESS Macro를 활용한 상호작용효과 분석 결과는 강박적 성행동에 대한 COVID-19 심리적 고통의 영향이 부정적 정서신념과 충동성의 수준에 따라 변화함을 보여주었다. 구체적으로, 심리적 고통은 부정적 정서신념이 강한 경우에만 강박적 성행동을 정적으로 예측하였으며, 이러한 상호작용은 충동성이 높은 조건에서만 유의하였다. 본 결과는 팬데믹의 장기화와 더불어 사회 전반의 취약성이 상승한 상황에서 정서와 인지, 성격 특질 요인이 상호작용하여 강박적 성행동을 예측하는 통합적인 모형을 제안한다는 점에서 중요한 함의를 지닌다.

The risk of compulsive sexual behavior has increased with the spreading of COVID-19. The study aimed to examine the effect of psychological distress due to COVID-19 on compulsive sexual behavior, and to test potential moderating effects of negative beliefs about emotions and impulsivity in these relationships. For this purpose, a total of 404 adults (225 women, Mage=45.01, SDage=13.54) were recruited online, and a set of self-reported questionnaires were used to measure psychological distress due to COVID-19, negative beliefs about emotions, and impulsivity. The results indicated that COVID-19 psychological distress significantly predicted higher levels of compulsive sexual behavior. There was a significant three-way interaction of COVID-19 psychological distress × negative beliefs about emotions × impulsivity such that psychological distress predicted compulsive sexual behavior only when negative beliefs about emotions were high, and this interaction was significant only under the condition of high impulsivity. This study contributes to literature by proposing an integrated model in which emotion, cognition, and personality traits interact to predict compulsive sexual behavior under a prolonged pandemic context where the overall vulnerability of the society has increased.

강박적 성행동 장애(CSBD)는 국제질병분류 제11차 개정안(ICD-11)에서 충동조절장애군의 하나로 포함되었다. CSBD 관련 문제는 특정 민족이나 문화권에 국한되지 않으며 범국가적 관심을 요구하지만, 현재까지의 연구 대다수는 서구권을 중심으로 수행되었다. 국내 CSBD 관련 연구를 촉진하기 위한 첫걸음으로, 본 연구는 ICD-11 진단지침을 토대로 개발된 CSBD 선별척도인 CSBD-19를 한국어로 번안 및 타당화하였다. 참여자는 온라인으로 표집된 성인 404명(남 179, 여 225)이었으며 연령 범위는 19∼69세였다(M=45.01, SD=13.54). 확인적 요인분석 결과 선행연구에서 제안된 5요인(통제, 현저성, 재발, 불만족, 부정적 결과) 모형은 본 연구의 한국인 참여자들에게도 적합한 것으로 나타났다. K-CSBD-19 전체 척도 및 하위요인들의 내적 합치도 또한 양호한 수준이었고(전체 척도=.938, 하위요인=.712∼.898), 기존에 개발된 유관 척도와의 공인 타당도 역시 확보되었다. 다음으로 CSBD 고위험군 식별을 위한 절단점을 탐색하고자 잠재프로파일분석 및 ROC 분석을 수행하였으며, 표본의 3.7%가 고위험군으로 분류되고 이들을 식별하는 최적 절단점은 48.5점으로 제안되었다. 끝으로 본 연구의 의의와 한계점을 논하고 후속연구를 제언하였다.

Compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) is now included as an impulse control disorder in the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11). CSBD-related problems require global attention as they are not limited to a particular ethnic group or culture. The majority of prior studies have been conducted in western societies. As a first step towards stimulating CSBD research in Korea, we translated and validated CSBD-19, a recently developed screening measure of CSBD, into Korean. The subjects were 404 adults (179 men and 225 women) ranging in age from 19 to 69 years old (mean age=45.01, standard deviation=13.54). The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a five-factor (control, salience, relapse, dissatisfaction, negative consequences) model proposed in a previous study was fit for the current data. Internal consistency coefficient of the Korean version of CSBD-19 (K-CSBD-19) were also good (total items=.938, sub-domains=.712~.898). The results of concurrent validity analysis showed that K-CSBD-19 was positively correlated with the existing scales of related variables. Next, latent profile analysis and receiver operating characteristic analysis were conducted to calculate cut-off points for classifying individuals at high risk of CSBD. We identified a high-risk group of 3.7 percent of the total samples, and a score of 48.5 was proposed as an optimal cut-off point. Lastly, theoretical and practical implications as well as the limitations of this study were discussed.

강박장애의 인지행동 모델은 정상적인 침투사고가 강박사고로 변질되는 과정을 잘 설명하고 있다. 즉 과도한 책임감 지각이나 사고에 대한 파국적 오해석 등이 침투사고의 현저성을 증가시키고 중화행동을 더욱 강화시킴으로써 강박장애 메커니즘을 유지시킨다는 것이다. 침투사고에 대한 오류적 평가 및 이에 영향을 미치는 역기능적 신념에는 사고에 대한 과도한 중요성 부여(사고행위 융합), 과도한 책임감, 사고 통제의 중요성, 불확실성에 대한 두려움, 완벽주의, 위협에 대한 과도한 평가 등이 포함된다. 중화행동은 침투적 사고의 불편감을 제거하고 예방하며 사고 자체의 내용을 바꾸기 위해 시도되는 의도적인 통제방략으로, 최근 연구에서는 침투사고 유형에 따라 이러한 인지적 평가와 통제방략이 달라진다는 보고가 있다. 강박장애의 인지행동치료는 노출 및 반응방지 기법을 중심으로 한 행동적 전략을 통하여 강박증상을 유지시키는 중화행동 및 회피행동의 고리를 끊고, 더불어 인지적 전략을 사용하여 환자 들의 왜곡된 평가 및 비합리적 신념을 수정하고 보다 융통성 있고 현실적인 평가로 대체시킨다. 마지막으로 재발 가능성과 이 때 고려해야 할 점들을 언급하였다

Cognitive models for obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD) have focused particularly on the importance of patients' appraisals of intrusions related to responsibility and overimportance of thoughts. This interpretation results in attempts to both suppress and to neutralize the thoughts, and as a consequence of neutralizing activity, intrusive cognitions become more salient and frequent, they evoke more discomfort, and the probability of further neutralizing increases. A large group of researchers who have studied OCD extensively outlined several types of negative appraisals and dysfunctional beliefs they considered important for the development and persistence of OCD: inflated responsibility, overimportance of thought, importance of controlling one's thoughts, fear of uncertainty, perfectionism, and threat overestimation. Neutralizing is defined as voluntarily initiated activity which is intended to have the effect of reducing discomforts and preventing negative consequences of intrusions. Recently, it suggested that cognitive appraisals and control strategies differ to the types of obsessions. The primary principals of cognitive behavior therapy(CBT) for OCD therefore aims to stop the loop of neutralizing responses and avoidance through exposure and response prevention(ERP), and to modify cognitive errors and displace the maladaptive beliefs to more flexible and reasonable ones using cognitive strategies. Finally, the authors propose the possibility of relapse and considerations.

본 연구의 목적은 강박사고 유형 간에 사고행위융합(Thought-Action Fusion: 이하 TAF), 중화행동, 그리고 사고억제 결함에서 차이를 확인하고자 함이다. 이를 위해 대학생 471명을 대상으로 파두아 강박증상 질문지-워싱턴 주립대학 개정판(PI-WSUR), 사고행위융합 척도(TAFS-R), 침투사고 대처과정 질문지(CITQ), 그리고 사고억제 척도(TSI)를 실시하였으며 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 강박사고 고집단이 저집단보다 TAF의 세 요인인 도덕성TAF, 가능성TAF-타인, 그리고 가능성TAF-자기를 모두 더 많이 경험하였고, 사고억제의 세 요인인 침투적 사고, 성공적 억제, 억제시도 중 침투적 사고와 억제시도를 더 높게 경험하였다. 반면에 자생성 강박사고 집단과 반응성 강박사고 집단으로 구분했을 때 TAF, 중화행동, 사고억제 결함의 차이에서는 예상과는 다른 결과가 나왔다. 세부적으로, 자생성 강박사고가 높은 집단이 낮은 집단보다 가능성TAF를 더 높게 경험하였고, 반응성 강박사고가 높은 집단은 낮은 집단보다 도덕성TAF를 더 높게 경험하였다. 다음으로 중화행동에서는 반응성 강박사고 집단(저자생-고반응 집단)이 자생성 강박조건에서 회피적 중화행동을 가장 많이 사용하였고, 자생성 강박사고 집단(고자생-저반응 집단)은 그 다음으로 회피적 중화행동을 많이 사용하였으며, 자생성 강박사고가 높은 집단은 나머지 조건에서 유의미한 중화행동 효과를 나타내지 못했다. 그리고 반응성 강박사고가 높은 집단이 낮은 집단보다 자생성 강박조건에서 직면적 중화행동을 더 많이 사용하였고, 반응성 강박조건에서는 회피와 직면적 중화행동을 모두 더 많이 사용하는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 사고억제에서 침투적 사고는 강박사고 고집단(고자생-고반응 집단)에서 가장 많이 발생하였고, 자생성 혹은 반응성 강박사고가 높으면 각각의 낮은 집단보다 억제시도를 더 많이 경험하였다. 성공적 억제는 자생성 강박사고가 높은 집단이 낮은 집단보다 억제의 어려움을 더 많이 경험하였다. 이러한 결과를 통하여 본 연구의 의의 및 제한점과 향후 연구의 방향에 대해 논의하였다.

The purpose of the study is to confirm the differences in thought-action fusion(TAF), neutralizing actions and deficiency of thought suppression among the types of obsession. To this end, Padua Inventory-Washington State University Revision(PI-WSUR), Thought-Action Fusion Scale-Revised(TAFS-R), Copying for Intrusive Thoughts Questionnaire(CITQ) and Thought Suppression Inventory(TSI) were conducted with 471 college students, and the following are the results of the study. The groups of high obsession experienced more of morality TAF, likelihood-other TAF and likelihood-self TAF, which are the three elements of TAF, than the groups of low obsession. They also experienced more of intrusive thoughts and attempted thought suppression among the three elements of thought suppression, which are intrusive thoughts, successful suppression and attempted thought suppression. When autogenous obsession groups and reactive obsession groups were divided, the results different than expected were obtained in the differences in TAF, neutralizing actions and deficiency of thought suppression. In detail, the groups with high autogenous obsession experienced more of likelihood TAF than the groups with low autogenous obsession. The groups with high reactive obsession experienced more of morality TAF than the groups with low reactive obsession. In regards to neutralizing actions, reactive obsession groups(low autogenous-high reactive groups) used avoidant neutralizing actions the most when it came to autogenous obsessive conditions, and autogenous obsession groups(high autogenous-low reactive groups) came after the reactive obsession groups when using avoidant neutralizing actions. The groups with high autogenous obsession showed no significant effects in the rest of the conditions. The groups with high reactive obsession used more of direct neutralizing actions than the groups with low reactive obsession when it came to autogenous obsessive conditions. With regards to reactive obsessive conditions, they more used both avoidant and direct neutralizing actions. Lastly, intrusive thoughts in thought suppression occurred the most in the groups of high obsession(high autogenous-high reactive groups). If groups had high autogenous obsession or high reactive obsession, they experienced more of attempted thought suppression than the lower groups. When it came to successful suppression, the groups with high autogenous obsession experienced more difficulties in suppression compared to the groups with low autogenous obsession. Based on these results, the meanings and suggestions that the study provides as well as the direction of the future study were discussed.

Compulsive buyers are individuals who experience and routinely act on powerful, uncontrollable urges to purchase. The relationships that existed between compulsive buying behaviors among college undergraduates are associated with intended majors, self-esteem and fashion orientation for female college students between the ages of 18 and 24 were investigated. A random sample of 182 undergraduate students completed a questionnaire that contained measures of compulsive buying, self-esteem, and fashion orientation. Based on literature review, three hypotheses were proposed. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson Correlation, and Cronbach Alpha were used. The results found that the compulsive buying tendency is negatively related to self-esteem among college students among female college students. Also, the tendency toward higher levels of fashion-orientation was positively related to compulsive buying tendencies. Fashion major was more prone to have compulsive buying tendency when compared to business major. Based on these results, some implications for educators, marketers, consumers and would be suggested.

This study investigated main and interaction effects of materialistic values, self-depreciation and use intensity of mobile fashion applications on compulsive buying of fashion products. The study findings indicate that people who hold a higher level of materialistic values engage in compulsive buying of fashion products in order to gain meaning for their life, to display that they are successful and to seek happiness. People who hold a negative view of their self-image rely on excessive buying for the self-image construction. When people have a higher level of self-depreciation, they are more likely to be addicted to the use of mobile fashion applications and become compulsive buyers. In addition, people who consider acquisition in the pursuit of happiness and success are more likely to be compulsive buyers even though they do not use mobile fashion applications intensively. Based on these findings, theoretical and managerial implications were provided and limitations were discussed.

Recently the mass media may contribute to consumer socialization because the most common social comparison may be with media images on mass media such as television or magazines. These mass media images are pervasive, advocating or allowing consumers to compare themselves with others on material possessions. Thus, their desire for acquiring more possessions may lead to unwise consumer spending such as compulsive buying. To help our understanding of cross-cultural differences in consumer behavior and to lay foundation, this research assessed American and Korean consumers with respect to the levels of materialism, shopping motivation, and compulsive buying. The purpose of this research is to compare and understand American and Korean consumers' materialism, shopping motivation, and compulsive buying behavior.(중략)

Objective The aim of this study was to verify the effects of stress on compulsive sexual behavior disorder and the mediating effects of active coping strategies and self-control.Methods A self-reporting scale was administered to 300 adults aged 20 to 39, and the collected data were analyzed. The measures used for the study included a perceived stress scale, the way of coping checklist, a brief self-control scale, and an online compulsive sexual behavior disorder scale.Results The correlations between stress and active coping strategy, stress and lack of self-control, and lack of self-control and compulsive sexual behavior disorder were -0.18 (p<0.01), 0.38 (p<0.01), and 0.26 (p<0.01), respectively.Conclusion First, stress level was positively correlated with compulsive sexual behavior disorder. Second, self-control completely mediates the relationship between stress and compulsive sexual behavior disorder. Third, self-control and active coping strategies had sequential mediating effects in that order.

Purpose ? This study investigated the effect of the social exclusion experience on the compulsive buying tendency. The purpose of current study is to examine the mechanism through compulsive buying, one of self-defeating behaviors. While previous studies on compulsive buying focused only on the mechanism of psychological escapism to overcome negative emotions, this study intends to expand the study on the causes of compulsive buying by presenting a social exclusion experience as one of the causes of negative emotions. Research design and methodology ? Present study was performed with 114 college students in Seoul. Participants were randomly assigned to the group who experienced social exclusion and the group who did not experience social exclusion. We analyzed how the tendency of compulsive buying differs according to the experience of social exclusion with t-test. Results ? The compulsive buying tendency of the group who experienced social exclusion was higher than that of the group who did not experience it, and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusions ? When the negative emotions caused by social exclusion experiences are high, they avoid self-awareness and show cognitive narrowing that focuses on immediate, specific and low-level tasks such as shopping or purchasing, which leads to self-defeating behavior. On the basis of these results, theoretical and practical implications of this research were discussed and the limitations and future research were suggested.

소비자는 삶을 살며 수많은 욕구를 충족하려고 하며, 욕구가 충족이 되면, 행복해 하고, 욕구가 충족이 되지 않으면 불행을 느끼게 된다. 소비자는 욕구가 충족이 되는 경우보다 욕구가 충족되지 않는 결핍의 현상을 느끼는 경우가 많고 이러한 현상으로 스트레스에 과다하게 노출이 되고 이러한 스트레스는 부정적 감정(분노, 혐오, 슬픔, 놀람, 공포)의 발생에 동기가 되고 이러한 부정적 감정이 오래 지속되면 강박적 행동인 부정적 욕구행동이 발생하게 된다. 이러한 부정적 정서를 Plutchik (1980)의 다차원적 정서모형에서 제시한 기본 감정인 8가지 중 5가지의 슬픔의 강도(비탄, 서러움, 슬픔, 우울함, 수심)가 부정적 욕구행동 5가지(e-Commerce 검색량, e-Commerce 구매량, 폭식, 음주, 강박현상)에서 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 연구해 보고자 하였다. 연구결과 소비자는 비탄이라는 너무 강한 슬픔을 느끼는 강박상태에서는 부정적 욕구행동 5가지에 유의미한 결과가 발생하지 않았으며 서러움이란 혼자서 느낄 수 없고 다른 사람과의 관계에서 생기는 감정으로 강박상태에서 나타나는 부정적 욕구행동 5가지에서 모두 가장 영향력이 큰 유의미한 결과를 도출하였으며 우울함을 가진 소비자의 경우 e-Commerce 구매량을 높일 수 있는 소비자라는 유의미한 결과를 도출함으로써 마케팅전략 계획을 수립하는데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Consumers try to satisfy numerous desires in their lives, and when their desires are satisfied, they feel happy, and when their desires are not satisfied, they feel unhappy. Consumers often feel a lack of desires rather than when their desires are satisfied, and this phenomenon leads to excessive exposure to stress, and this stress motivates the occurrence of negative emotions (anger, disgust, sadness, surprise, fear), and when these negative emotions continue for a long time, compulsive behaviors such as negative desire behaviors occur. This study aimed to study the effects of the intensity of sadness (grief, sorrow, sadness, depression, and anxiety) of five of the eight basic emotions suggested by Plutchik (1980)‘s multidimensional emotion model on five negative desire behaviors (e-Commerce search volume, e-Commerce purchase volume, binge eating, drinking, and compulsive phenomena). The research results showed that in a compulsive state where consumers feel an extremely strong sadness called grief, there were no significant results in the five negative desire behaviors, and in a compulsive state where consumers feel sadness, an emotion that cannot be felt alone but arises in relationships with others, there were significant results in which all five negative desire behaviors had the greatest influence. In the case of consumers with depression, it is judged that this can contribute to establishing a marketing strategy by producing significant results that consumers can increase their e-commerce purchases.

This paper reports two clinical cases of men in their twenties who presented with compulsive sexual behaviors characterized by excessive pornography use and illegal voyeuristic activities. Although both individuals maintained otherwise adequate social and academic functioning, they experienced psychological distress and faced legal consequences stemming from their inability to control their sexual impulses. Pharmacological treatment with naltrexone and fluoxetine was associated with a reduction in their compulsive urges. Compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) has not yet been formally included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), and its status as a potential behavioral addiction remains under debate. Voyeuristic behavior is classified within paraphilic disorders, which are considered diagnostically separate from CSBD despite substantial clinical overlap. These cases contribute to the ongoing discussions regarding the conceptualization of CSBD and highlight the importance of recognizing and expanding the therapeutic approaches for individuals struggling with impaired sexual impulse control.

본 연구의 목적은 성인 애착 스타일이 강박적 성행동에 미치는 영향과 외로움과 수용의 매개효과를 검증하는 것이었다. 이를 위해 20~39세 성인 300명을 대상으로 자기보고식 척도를 실시하고 수집된 자료를 분석하였다. 연구에 사용된 척도는 성인 애착 스타일 척도, 강박적 성행동 장애 척도, 외로움 척도, 수용 척도를 사용하였다. 구조방정식 모형 분석을 실시하였으며 연구 결과는 다음과 같았다. 첫째, 불안 애착은 강박적 성행동과 정적인 상관관계를 보였다. 둘째, 회피 애착은 강박적 성행동과 부적인 상관관계를 보였다. 셋째, 불안 애착에서 외로움으로, 수용에서 강박적 성행동으로의 순차적 매개효과가 그 순서대로 유의미했다. 넷째, 회피 애착에서 외로움으로, 수용에서 강박적 성행동으로의 순차적 매개효과도 유의미했다. 본 연구 결과에서 심리적 수용의 매개효과가 유의미하다는 점은 앞으로 이 분야의 치료에 있어서 수용전념치료를 적극적으로 적용할 필요성을 시사한다. 또한 강박적 성행동 문제를 다룸에 있어서 내담자의 외로움을 개선할 수 있는 개입이 중요하다는 점이 시사된다. 본 연구의 추가적인 함의와 한계를 논의에 제시하였다.

This study aimed to verify the effects of adult attachment styles on compulsive sexual behavior and the mediating effects of loneliness and acceptance. To this end, the self-reporting scale was administered to 300 adults aged 20 to 39, and the collected data were analyzed. The measures used for the study included the adult attachment style scale, the compulsive sexual behavior disorder scale, the loneliness scale, and the acceptance scale. The structural equation model analysis was conducted. The results of the study are as follows: First, anxious attachment was positively correlated with compulsive sexual behavior. Second, avoidant attachment was negatively correlated with compulsive sexual behavior. Third, the sequential mediating effects from anxious attachment to loneliness to acceptance of compulsive sexual behavior disorder were significant in that order. Fourth, the sequential mediating effects from avoidant attachment to loneliness to acceptance and compulsive sexual behavior disorder were also significant. The fact that the mediating effect of psychological acceptance was verified in the results of this study suggests the need to actively apply acceptance and commitment therapy in the treatment of this field in the future. It also suggests that interventions that can improve the client's loneliness are important in dealing with compulsive sexual behavior problems. Additional implications and limitations of this study were presented in the discussion.

본 연구는 소비자의 저장강박행동의 본질적 특성에 기초하여 저장강박행동의 개념을 재정립하고, 보유 및 획득측면을 모두 고려한 저장강박행동의 측정항목을 실증적으로 개발하는 한편, 재개념화에 따른 소비자의 저장강박행동이 관련되는 후속적 반응에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지를 규명하였다. 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫 번째 단계에서는 정성조사를 수행하여 저장강박행동의 주요 개념을 도출하였다. 질적 검증의 결과, 저장강박행동 성향을 설명할 수 있는 20개의 항목을 도출하고 이들 항목을 처분 부조화, 감정적 애착, 그리고 획득추구의 3개 요인으로 체계화하였다. 또한 도출된 저장강박행동 측정항목의 신뢰성 및 타당성 검증 결과, 저장강박행동은 3개 요인과 11개의 항목으로 구성됨을 확인하였다. 두 번째 단계에서는 저장강박행동에 따른 소비자 반응 차이를 확인하고, 저장강박행동의 완화적 수단으로 보상유형의 역할과 행태적 측면에서 보유행태에 따른 상대적 영향을 확인하였다. 구체적으로 가설 1의 검증 결과, 저장강박행동의 정도가 높은 소비자는 낮은 소비자에 비해 이타적 처분이 낮게 나타났으며 강박구매는 높게 나타남을 확인하였다. 가설 2의 검증 결과, 저장강박행동의 정도가 높은 소비자의 경우 소유물 처분을 통해 사회적 보상을 얻는 것이 개인적 보상을 얻는 것에 비해 이타적 처분이 더 높게 나타났으며 강박구매는 더 낮게 나타남을 확인하였다. 그러나 저장강박행동의 정도가 낮은 소비자의 경우 보상유형에 따른 반응 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 가설 3의 검증 결과, 저장강박행동의 정도가 높은 소비자의 경우 선별적 저장강박 행태를 보일수록 이타적 처분이 더 낮게 나타났으며 강박구매는 더 높게 나타남을 확인하였다. 반면 저장강박행동의 정도가 낮은 소비자의 경우 보유행태에 따른 반응 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 이와 같은 결과를 토대로 이론적 및 실무적 시사점과 향후 연구과제를 제시하였다.

This study focused on reestablishing compulsive hoarding behavior and identifying the relationship between compulsive hoarding behavior and consumer responses and defining roles of reward type and hoarding pattern. The results of the research can be summarized as follows. In the first phase, qualitative research was conducted to derive the main concepts of compulsive hoarding behavior. Through qualitative validation, it was confirmed that compulsive hoarding behavior consisted of 3 factors, namely, disposal dissonance, emotional attachment, and pursuit of acquisition, and 20 items. By validating the reliability and validity of the measurement items, we confirmed that compulsive hoarding behavior consists of 3 factors and 11 items. In the second phase, we observed the influence of compulsive hoarding behavior on consumer responses and confirmed the moderating effects of reward type as a mitigation method of compulsive hoarding behavior and hoarding pattern in the behavioral dimension. As a result, The verification of Hypothesis 1 confirmed that consumers with high compulsive hoarding showed lower altruistic disposal and higher compulsive buying compared to consumers with low compulsive hoarding. The verification of Hypothesis 2 showed that in the case of consumers with high compulsive hoarding, gaining social reward from disposing possessions led to higher altruistic disposal and lower compulsive buying compared to when personal reward was to be gained. In the case of consumers with low compulsive hoarding, there was no difference in responses according to the reward type. The verification of Hypothesis 3 showed that in the case of consumers with high compulsive hoarding, higher selective hoarding behavior resulted in lower altruistic disposal and higher compulsive buying. In the case of consumers with low compulsive hoarding, there was no difference in responses according to the hoarding pattern. Based on these results, the study provided valuable theoretical and managerial implications and directions for future research.