Earticle

대량수송이 가능한 대중교통 수단의 경우 사고 발생 시 대형인명피해가 우려되며, 이로 인해 다량의 사회적·경제적 손실이 발생할 가능성이 크다. 특히, 최근 들어 버스 운전자의 피로및 부주의 등으로 인한 중·대형 버스사고가 잇따라 발생하며 버스사고 및 운전자의 근무환경에 대한 사회적 관심이 나날이 증가하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 버스운전자의 근로 환경(업종별·근로 형태별)에 따른 근로여건 및 사고 특성을 비교·분석하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 국내271개 버스회사에 대한 2017년 1월~12월까지의 운행기록계 자료 및 업체 정보(업종구분, 근로형태)를 수집하였으며, 이를 통계적 방법론을 활용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 버스운전자의 근로조건에 따른 사고빈도 및 운행환경의 차이가 통계적으로 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 격일제 근무 형태를 따르는 시내버스(특광역시 제외)에서 교통사고가 비교적 빈번히 발생함을확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과가 향후 노선버스 사고 감소를 위한 근무여건 개선의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있기를 기대한다.

The accident of mass transit such as a bus could draw the large casualties and this induces social and economic losses. Recently, severe bus accidents caused by tiredness and inattention of bus drivers occurred and those lead to growing interest in bus accidents and the drivers' work environment. Therefore, this study analyzes the accident based on the work environment of bus drivers and route-bus categories. For the research, this study collected digital tachograph data and the bus company information for 271 domestic bus companies in 2017 and used ANOVA test and chi-square test as statistical methodologies. As a result, we figured out there are statistically significant differences in the accident according to the working environments. Especially, the present study confirmed the intracity bus with working every other day has the most frequent accidents. We expect that the results of this study be used as foundations for the improvement of working conditions to reduce route-bus accidents in the future.

본 연구의 목적은 버스노선의 설계 및 운영 단계에서 노선조정 활용을 위한 버스노선 스케 치 방법론(Bus Route Sketch, BRS)을 개발하고, 그 적용 가능성을 제시하는데 있다. BRS 방법론 은 버스 서비스의 공급자와 이용자를 모두 만족할 수 있는 버스노선 경로를 설계하기 위해 (1) 적정 교통존의 설정, (2)설정된 교통존과 경로조합 방법론을 이용한 버스 운행경로 조합의 생 성, 그리고 (3)노선버스 서비스 공급자와 이용자 측면의 다중 평가지표를 이용한 대안 운행경 로의 평가와 순위결정으로 구성된다. 제시한 방법론을 적용한 결과, 공급자 관점에서 평가점수 는 8.83에서 9.50으로 향상되고 이용자 관점에서 평가점수는 7.13에서 9.89까지 향상되는 바람 직한 결과를 도출하였다. 본 BRS 방법론은 노선 계획 및 운영과정에 적합하도록 설계 및 개발 되었기 때문에 운영 중인 버스노선의 평가와 조정 그리고 노선설계의 실무에서 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

This study developed a bus route sketch (BRS) methodology for utilizing bus route design and operation steps in practice and evaluated the feasibility of the method. The BRS methodology consists of three steps: transportation zoning suitable for the provider and users of bus transit service; determining the bus operation route based on established transportation zones and path combination; optimizing the operation route based on the estimation of route alternatives in terms of the multi-performance measures from the standpoints of bus-transit service provider and user. The results of a case study showed that the estimation scores from the perspectives of provider and user were improved significantly from 8.83 and 7.13 to 9.50 and 9.89, respectively. Because the BRS method was designated and developed to be suitable for field application for route planning and operation, the method can be used instantly and directly to estimate and adjust the on-operation bus transit line and route design.

목적 : 본 연구는 보행 가능한 장애인의 버스 이용에 관한 경험을 이해하고, 버스의 이용에서 성공적인 전략을 통해 심리적 어려움을 극복하는 방법을 탐색하기 위한 목적으로 실시하 였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 보행 가능한 장애인의 버스 이용에 대한 행동과 언어 그리고 그 과정 에 대한 깊은 이해를 얻기 위해 질적 연구방법 연구 중 현상학적 접근법과 해석학적 접근 법을 이용하였다. 연구 참여자에 대한 인터뷰, 참여관찰을 통해 자료를 수집하였고, 현상 학적 방법과 해석학적 방법을 통해 기술과 해석으로 결과를 분석하였다. 결과 : 지역사회에서 보행 가능한 장애인은 버스 이용에 대한 자신감이 지역사회에서 독립 적인 이동을 가능하게 했다. 버스 탑승과 하차의 긴박한 승부의 순간에 버스 안에서 좌석 을 이용하기 위한 전략을 사용하였으며, 돌발 상황에 대처하기 위해 항시 긴장을 놓지 않 는 모습을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 버스 이용 시 좌석에 앉기와 이동 시에 환자의 부담감 을 살펴볼 수 있었다. 결론 : 보행 가능한 장애인의 버스 이용에 있어 자신감이 독립적인 이동에 결정적 영향을 주었으며, 항상 넘어짐에 대한 경계를 하고 여러 심리적 어려움과 돌발 상황을 예측하고 극복하며 대중교통을 이용하고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

Objective : This study aimed to understand the experience of taking a bus, investigate successful strategies to overcome the psychological difficulties of people with disabilities. Method : In this study, a phenomenological and hermeneutic approach was used to gain a deeper understanding of the behavior, the language, the process. For participants through interviews and participant observation data were collected. Phenomenological interpretation of the way through technology and to evaluate the results. Result : Ambulatory persons with disabilities in the community have confidence in the bus-independent movement in the community possible. And get on and off the bus at the moment of urgent strategies to use in the bus seats were taken. To cope with unexpected situations like that do not put stress was confirmed. In addition, by bus and go sit on the seat to look at the patient's burden was to. Conclusion : Ambulant disabled people's confidence in the bus had a significant impact on the independent movement. Always on the lookout for falling, and many psychological difficulties and to overcome unforeseen circumstances to predict and know that public transportation could be.

이 글은 초고령시대를 앞둔 부산지역의 시내버스에 고령친화적 방안을 도입할 필요가 있다는 문제의식에서 실증연구를 통해 고령자의 시내버스이용의 실태를 파악하고 시내버스이용만족도･이용의향에 영향을 미치는 시내버스요소를 규명하여 고령친화적 방안을 제시한 연구이다. 부산지역 고령자들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 총 122부에 대해 통계처리를 한 실증연구의 결과를 토대로 하여 다음을 개선방안으로 제시하였다. 첫째, 부산지역을 권역들로 나누어, 노선의 축소･조정을 통해 배차간격을 감소시켜야 함. 도시철도에서 시행중인 고령자무임제나 고령자할인제를 도입하는 것을 고려해야 함. 둘째, 운전기사에 대해 교육내용에서 고령인지적 내용을 강화하고 고령자 참여･체험위주의 교육을 시행해야 함. 셋째, 중형저상버스를 고령자 등 교통약자가 많은 노선부터 확대해야 함. 넷째, 지붕이 있는 정류장의 의자면을 늘리고 벽을 확충해야 함. 마지막으로 연구의 한계와 향후연구의 방향을 제시하였다.

This paper suggests the age-friendly improvement scheme of urban bus on the basis of the results of the empirical study that examines the reality of urban bus usage by the elderly and examines the effect of urban bus elements on the use of urban bus. The empirical study was conducted on the elderly in Busan and statistically processed for a total of 122 a survey copies. Based on the results of the empirical study this paper suggested age-friendly improvement scheme of bus to prepare the super-aging age in Busan are as follow. First, the Busan area should be divided into regional areas, and the dispatch intervals should be reduced by adjusting routes. Consideration should be given to adopting the elderly free fare system or discount system. Second, the driver's cognitive contents should be strengthened in the education contents and the participation and experience-oriented education should be implemented for the drivers. Third, medium-sized low-floor buses should be expanded from routes with a high number of transportation vulnerabilities, including the elderly. Fourth, the seating area of ​​the roofed stop should be increased and the walls expanded. Finally, the limitations of the study and the direction of future research were presented.

시내버스는 과거 시민들에게 교통편익을 제공하는 가장 대표적인 대중교통수단이었지만 최근 자가용의 급속한 증가와 지하철 건설 등으로 버스 이용자는 감소 추세에 있다. 따라서 시내버스업체의 경영여건은 지속적으로 악화되어 왔으며, 시민에 대한 교통서비스 수준 역시 낮게 평가되어 왔다. 이에 서울과 부산 및 각 광역시를 중심으로 시내버스 운영의 합리화와 지하철과의 연계 등 대중교통 시스템의 공공성과 효율성을 제고하기 위해 시내버스 준공영제를 경쟁적으로 도입하였다. 본 논문은 우리나라 대도시들에서 채택하고 있는 버스준공영제를 중심으로 그 현황과 문제점 및 앞으로의 바람직한 정책방향을 모색하기 위한 연구이다. 먼저 시내버스 운영형태와 외국(미국 뉴욕, 영국 런던, 프랑스 파리, 일본 동경도)의 사례를 먼저 고찰하고, 우리나라의 대도시들에서 도입한 시내버스 준공영제의 운영현황, 실시효과 및 문제점들을 분석하였다. 특히 광주광역시의 대중교통현황과 준공영제의 운영내용과 문제점을 파악하고자 하였다. 이상의 논의를 중심으로 바람직한 대중교통의 정책방향을 제시하였다.

As one of the most traffic devices, bus has played a great role in Korea for the last years. However, a great many peoples in big cities have continually decreased with the increase of private car ownership. It causes lower quality of bus service and unstability of operation in many bus companies. In the several local government, the operation system of bus was changed to Bus Quasi-Public Operating System. The aim of this study is to assess the effects and to suggest improvement strategies of Bus QPOS. According to the results of the analysis, Bus QPOS has brought various postitive effects, but it has occurred negative effects, especially a much increase of government subsidies to bus company. To resolve a negative effects, government should examine the whole condition of bus operations. This study suggests strategies to improve Bus QPOS, which is including transparency of management, fair assessment system, standard cost system for bus operations.

The bus is the public transportation which has to go side by side with the metro, because they can complement their weakness each other. This study analyzed the factors affecting on the usage of metro or bus, and suggests some political implications for the future increasing usage of public transportation. Analysis showed that the usage of public transportation is related to income level, car owning, distance, transit transfer, parking, etc. These results implies that it is important to consider the distance between the departure point to the metro/bus station, the discomfort in transit transfer, and so on, as well as personal or housing characteristics of passengers.

The bus is the public transportation which has to go side by side with the metro, because they can complement their weakness each other. This study analyzed the factors affecting on the usage of metro or bus, and suggests some political implications for the future increasing usage of public transportation. Analysis showed that the usage of public transportation is related to income level, car owning, distance, transit transfer, parking, etc. These results implies that it is important to consider the distance between the departure point to the metro/bus station, the discomfort in transit transfer, and so on, as well as personal or housing characteristics of passengers.

I broadband ISDN every packet will show different result if it would be processed according to its usage by the server. That is, normal data won't show big differences if they would be processed at normal speed. But it will improve the quality of service to process some kinds of data - for example real time video or voice type data or some data for a bid to by something through the internet - more fast than the normal type data. solution for this problem was suggested - priority packets. But the analyses of them are under way. Son in this paper a switching system for an output queuing model in a single server was assumed and some packets were given priorities and analysed. And correlation, simulating real life situation, was given too. These packets were analysed through three cases, first packets having no correlation, second packets having only correlation and finally packets having priority three cases, first packets having no correlation, second packets having only correlation and finally packets having priority and correlation. The result showed that correlation doesn't affect the mean delay time and the high priority packets have improved mean delay time regardless of the arrival rate. Those packets were assumed to be fixed-sized like ATM fixed-sized cell and the contention strategy was assumed to be short bus contention method for the output queue, and the mean delay length and the maximum 버퍼 length not to lose any packets were analysed.

본(本) 연구(硏究)에서는 대부분(大部分)의 도시(都市)에서 대중교통수단(大衆交通手段)으로써 주요(主要)한 역할(役割)을 담당(擔當)하고 있는 버스 교통(交通)이 운행시(運行詩) 겪게되는 저해요인(沮害要因)들을 규명(糾明)하고 구간평균(區間平均) 주행속도(走行速度) 모형(模型)을 개발(開發)하는데 연구(硏究)의 목적(目的)을 두었다. 2 대(臺)의 video camera 로 속도계(速度計)와 전방(前方)의 교통상황(交通狀況)을 동시(同時)에 촬영하여 시간(時間)-속도선도(速度線圖)를 작성(作成)한 후, 가로교통규제(街路交通規制)의 상한속도선(上限速度線)에 미달(未達)되는 구간(區間)을 저해구간(沮害區間)으로 보고 이 구간(區間)의 저해요인(沮害要因)을 monitor를 통하여 분석(分析)하였다. 이상(以上)에서 파악(把握)된 저해요인(沮害要因)를 수량화(數量化) 이론(理論)(1류(類))에 의하여 통계적(統計的)으로 규명(糾明)하고 이를 설명변수(說明變數)로 도입(導入)하여 단계적(段階的) 회귀분석(回歸分析) 방법(方法)으로 버스 구간평균(區間平均) 주행속도(走行速度) 모형(模型)을 구축(構築)하였다.

The purpose of this study is to define the primary factors obstructing the bus services that play an important part in mass transportation in almost the cities, and then to develop the models for travelling speed. To define the primary factors, two video cameras were used in this study, one for speed meter, the other for traffic condition, from which time-speed graphs were made. In the graphs, the gaps between road regulation speed and travelling speed were analyzed by monitor analysis. After this, primary delay factors were classified by quantification theory type I. and then to develop the models for travelling speed, stepwise analysis was used.

과거 주로 군사용 항공표적 및 정찰용으로 사용되어 왔던 무인항공기 개발 분야에도 최신 IT기술의 도입과 기술이 진화함에 따라 군사정찰 뿐만 아니라 민간 분야에까지 그 활용범위를 넓혀가고 있다. 향후 세계적으로 무인항공기 시장에서 주도적인 성장이 예상되는 민수 저가형 무인항공기는 최근 다양한 분야로 확대적용이 가속화 되고 있다. 그러나 현행 무인기 연구는 LINK 및 데이터 버스의 경우 군사용, 고가 위주의 연구가 주로 진행 되고 있어 가격이 주요 결정요인으로 작용하는 민수용 무인기 시스템으로는 구성하기에는 적합하지 않다. 본 논문에서는 무인항공기에 있어 정보전송체계에서 중요한 부분인 데이터 버스를 중심으로, 자동차 분야에서 안정성이 입증된 산업용 버스인 CAN 버스와 항공분야에서 사용되는 MIL-STD-1553B를 동일조건의 Simulation을 통해서 비교 분석을 하였다. 분석 결과 CAN 버스는 별도의 커플러 장비가 필요 없이, 통상적인 CAN 구성 체계만으로도 MIL-STD-1553B와 동일한 정보 전송율이 가능함이 확인 되었다. 이에 1553B 보다 비용면에서도 저렴하며 구성 체계 및 무게를 최적화 시킬 수 있어 저가형 무인기 내부 데이터 버스로 적합함을 확인 하였다.

In the past, the part of development of that is used for the military aviation target or reconnaissance is being extended to the range of application not only reconnaissance but also civilian industry as the introduction of the newest IT technology and the technical evolution. The Civilian low-cost UAV that is expected growth at the market of UAV in the world is accelerated to the extended applicability in the fields. However, The UAV study is recently focused on the Link and The Data bus because the main decision of the civilian UAV system configuration is not suitable to determinate the factory of price. In this paper is analysed the UAV data bus through the simulation in same condition both the CAN Bus which used the automobile industry and the MIL-STD-1553B which is used the aviation industry. As a comparison result, we identified that the CAN Bus of conventional configuration is possible to transmit the data without the need for a separate coupler equipment against the MIL-STD-1553B data. Thus, we identified that the CAN bus is capable to apply as a low-cost UAV internal data bus to optimize configuration and weight than 1553B.

스마트워치로 대표되는 웨어러블 기기들은 시스템 내에서 민감한 개인정보를 처리하고 저장하기 때문에 높은 보안 기능이 요구된다. 타이젠 운영체제는 애플리케이션에서 특별한 권한을 요구하는 서비스에 접근 시 시스템 데스크톱 버스(D-Bus)를 통하여 요청하는데, 시스템은 해당 애플리케이션의 권한을 검증하여 서비스 접근 허용 여부를 결정한다. 본 논문에서는 타이젠 웨어러블 운영체제의 권한 정책과 접근 제어에 취약한 서비스들을 검출하기 위해 데스크톱 버스 분석 자동화 도구를 소개한다. 자동화 도구는 타이젠 시스템 내 다양한 서비스들에서 권한 검증을 우회할 수 있는 다수의 취약한 호출 메소드들을 발견하였다. 상용 애플리케이션을 제작하여 무선랜 위치 추적, 푸시 알림 수집 등 최소 5개의 취약점에 대한 시연을 하였다.

Wearable devices, such as a smart watch and a wrist band, store owner's private information in the devices so that security in a high level is required. Applications developed by third parties in Tizen request for an access to designated services through the desktop bus (D-Bus). The D-Bus verifies application's privileges to grant the request for an access. We developed a fuzzing tool, so-called DAN (the D-bus ANalyzer), to detect errors in implementations for privilege verifications and access controls within Tizen's system services. The DAN has found a number of vulnerable services which granted accesses to unauthorized applications. We built a proof-of-concept application based on those findings to demonstrate a bypass in the privilege examination.

We present experimental demonstrations of electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures for the wideband suppression of radiated emissions from a power bus in high-speed printed circuit boards (PCBs). In most of the PCB designs, a parallel plate waveguide (PPW) structure is employed for a power bus. This structure significantly produces the wideband-radiated emissions resulting from parallel plate modes. To suppress the parallel plate modes in the wideband frequency range, the power buses based on the electromagnetic bandgap structure with a defected ground structure (DGS) are presented. DGSs are applied to a metal plane that is connected to a rectangular EBG patch by using a via structure. The use of the DGS increases the characteristic impedance value of a unit cell, thereby substantially improving the suppression bandwidth of the radiated emissions. It is experimentally demonstrated that the DGS-EBG structure significantly mitigates the radiated emissions over the frequency range of 0.5 GHz to 2 GHz as compared to the PPW.

This paper presents an analysis of the electromagnetic interference of a heterogeneous power bus where electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) cells are irregularly arranged. To mitigate electrical-noise coupling between high-speed circuits, the EBG structure is placed between parallel plate waveguide (PPW)-based power buses on which the noise source and victim circuits are mounted. We examine a noise suppression characteristic of the heterogeneous power bus in terms of scattering parameters. The characteristics of the dispersion and scattering parameters are compared in the sensitivity analysis of the EBG structure. Electric field distributions at significant frequencies are thoroughly examined using electromagnetic simulation based on a finite element method (FEM). The noise suppression characteristics of the heterogeneous power bus are demonstrated experimentally. The heterogeneous power bus achieves significant reduction of electrical-noise coupling compared to the homogeneous power buses that are adopted in conventional high-speed circuit design. In addition, the measurements show good agreement with the FEM simulation results.

With the recent advances of memory technologies, high-performance non-volatile memories such as non-volatile dual in-line memory module (NVDIMM) have begun to be used as an addition or an alternative to server-side storages. When these memory bus-connected storages (MBSs) are installed over non-uniform memory access (NUMA) servers, the distance between NUMA nodes and MBSs is one of the crucial factors that influence file processing performance, because the access latency of a NUMA system varies depending on its distance from the NUMA nodes. This paper presents the design and implementation of a high-performance logical volume manager for MBSs, called MBS-LVM, when multiple MBSs are scattered over a NUMA server. The MBS-LVM consolidates the address space of each MBS into a single global address space and dynamically utilizes storage spaces such that each thread can access an MBS with the lowest latency possible. We implemented the MBS-LVM in the Linux kernel and evaluated its performance by porting it over the tmpfs, a memory-based file system widely used in Linux. The results of the benchmarking show that the write performance of the tmpfs using MBS-LVM has been improved by up to twenty times against the original tmpfs over a NUMA server with four nodes.

Purpose: Bus drivers are at high risk of chronic diseases due to risk factors associated with poor diet, physical inactivity, high levels of sedentary behaviors, and unfavorable working environments. This study developed a mHealth program for bus drivers, and examined the effectiveness of a mHealth program for promoting physical activity among bus drivers using wearable devices and health coaching. Methods: Forty-seven workers from two bus companies were allocated to the experimental group and the control group. Participants were asked to wear a wearable device (Fitbit Charge HR) during waking hours for a day. Participants in the experimental group were provided with a Fitbit, weekly face-to-face health coaching, a mHealth workbook, and text and photo messaging for 12 weeks. The control group only received a Fitbit. Results: By week 12, there were significant differences between the experimental and control groups in exercise self-efficacy (p<.015) and daily walking steps (p<.001). Conclusion: The findings have demonstrated that the mHealth program using wearable devices and health coaching is effective for bus drivers for promoting physical activity. Based on our findings, it is recommended to encourage the mHealth program using wearable devices and health coaching for bus drivers' wellness.

An edge-located electromagnetic bandgap (EL-EBG) structure using a defected ground structure (DGS) is proposed to suppress resonant modes induced by edge excitation in a two-dimensional planar parallel plate waveguide (PPW). The proposed EL-DGS-EBG PPW significantly mitigates multiple transverse-magnetic (TM) modes in a wideband frequency range corresponding to an EBG stopband. To verify the wideband suppression, test vehicles of a conventional PPW, a PPW with a mushroom-type EBG structure, and an EL-DGS-EBG PPW are fabricated using a commercial process involving printed circuit boards (PCBs). Measurements of the input impedances show that multiple resonant modes of the previous PPWs are significantly excited through an input port located at a PPW edge. In contrast, resonant modes in the EL-DGS-EBG PPW are substantially suppressed over the frequency range of 0.5 GHz to 2 GHz. In addition, we have experimentally demonstrated that the EL-DGS-EBG PPW reduces the radiated emission from -24 dB to -44 dB as compared to the conventional PPW.

기후위기 대응을 위한 대책으로 버스도 전기, 수소 버스로 우선 전환되고 있다. 지자체는 신규 투입, 전환되는 전기, 수소 버스 배정의 우선순위를 탄소배출량에 따라 판단할 필요가 있 으며 그 방법으로 특정 구간에 무공해버스 운행만 허용하는 LEBZ 도입을 고려할 수 있다. LEBZ를 도입하기 위해서는 도입 전후 탄소배출량 절감 효과를 비교할 필요가 있으나 LEBZ도 입 방안과 도입 시 효과를 분석하는 연구는 부족한 상황이다. 본 논문에서는 버스정보시스템 데이터를 활용하여 제주특별자치도를 대상으로 버스우선차로에 LEBZ 도입 시 효과를 산출하 고 비교하였다. 분석 시나리오를 총 5개로 구분하여 시나리오1부터 4까지는 LEBZ 도입, 시나 리오5는 LEBZ를 지정하지 않고 일부 차량만 전기, 수소 버스로 전환하는 경우로 구성하였고, 버스정보시스템 자료를 이용하여 탄소배출량을 비교한 결과 LEBZ를 도입한 경우가 km당 감 축량이 최대 0.097t, 그렇지 않은 경우가 0.022t으로 LEBZ 도입은 높은 효율을 보임을 확인하였 다. 본 논문은 제안한 버스정보시스템 데이터를 활용한 탄소배출량 산출 및 LEBZ 도입에 따른 효과 비교를 통해 각 지자체에서도 전기, 수소 버스 투입 시 의사 결정을 보다 합리적으로 할 수 있는 방법론 제시에 의의를 두었다.

As part of measures to address the climate crisis, buses are also being converted to electric and hydrogen buses. Local authorities need to prioritize carbon emissions when allocating newly introduced and converted electric and hydrogen buses, and as a method, consider the introduction of Low Emission Bus Zones (LEBZ) to propose the reduction of pollution from specific links. To introduce LEBZ, it is necessary to compare the carbon emissions before and after its implementation, yet there is a shortage of studies that focus solely on buses or analyze the effects of introducing LEBZ to specific links. In this paper, we utilized bus information system data to calculate and compare the effects of introducing LEBZ to bus priority lanes in Jeju. We categorized scenarios into five groups, with scenarios 1 through 4 involving the introduction of LEBZ, and scenario 5 designating cases where LEBZ was not introduced. Comparative results confirmed that in scenarios with LEBZ introduction, the reduction per km reached a maximum of 0.097t per km, whereas in cases without LEBZ, it amounted to 0.022t per km, demonstrating higher efficiency. It underscores the significance of conducting carbon emission calculations and comparing the effects of LEBZ introduction using bus information system data, which can be directly applied by local authorities to make informed and rational decisions.

최근 대용량의 전력을 안정적으로 공급하기 위해 대형공장과 빌딩 등에서 많이 사용하고 있는 Bus Duct는 나모선이나 절연모선을 금속제 등의 함 내에 넣은 것을 말한다. 절연물로 지지된 금속성 덕트 내에 절연성이 우수한 지지물로 동선, 동대 등의 임피던스가 낮은 도체 를 절연, 고정하여 강철제 외함에 수납한 배선 duct로 공장·빌딩 등에서 대전류가 흐르는 대용량 간선 등에 쓰인다. 일반적으로 동(Cu) 또는 알루미늄(Al)으로 된 대형의 도체를 말 하며 몇 개가 함께 모아져서 덕트(duct, 통)에 넣어진다. 도체와 덕트 부분(Housing)의 재 료에 따라서 알루미늄도체-강덕트(Al-Fe), 알루미늄도체-알루미늄덕트(Al-Al), 구리도체- 강덕트(Cu-Fe) 및 구리도체-알루미늄덕트(Cu-Al) 등 4종류가 있고 각각 특성에 적합한 장 소에 사용한다. 버스덕트에서 사고나 화재가 발생하면 피해가 크고 복구하는데 많은 시간 이 걸린다. 버스덕트 사고나 화재를 예방하기 위해서는 고장이나 사고를 정확하게 규명하 여 예방대책을 세워야 하는데, Bus Duct 화재 원인조사 분야에서 도움이 되기를 기대한다.

Recently, it is widely used in large factories and buildings to stably supply largecapacity power. Bus Duct refers to a case in which a helix or an insulating bus is placed in a metal container. It is a wiring duct stored in a steel enclosure by insulating and fixing low-impedance conductors such as copper lines and copper bars as excellent insulation support in metallic ducts supported by insulation, and is used for large-capacity trunk lines where large currents flow in factories and buildings. In general, it refers to a large conductor made of copper(Cu) or aluminum(Al), and several are gathered together and put into a duct(container). Depending on the material of the conductor and the duct part(Housing), there are four types: aluminum conductor-steel duct(Al-Fe), aluminum conductor-aluminum duct(Al-Al), copper conductor-steel duct(Cu-Fe), and copper conductor-aluminum duct(Cu-Al), and each is used in a place suitable for its characteristics. When an accident or fire occurs in a bus duct, the damage is large and it takes a lot of time to recover. In order to prevent a bus duct accident or fire, it is necessary to accurately identify the failure or accident and take preventive measures, and it is expected that it will be helpful in the field of bus duct fire cause investigation.

In the wire constituting the LIN, which is one of the vehicle communication devices, disconnection of the wire or contact resistance of the circuit occurs due to vibration and aging of the vehicle. This affects the entire communication network and may have a significant impact on the safe driving of the vehicle as information is not transmitted. In this study, a LIN BUS circuit simulator was built on its own like a real car and measured with an automotive oscilloscope instead of a common method of measuring and diagnosing a circuit with a multimeter in the event of a LIN BUS circuit failure. Referring to the experimental results, it will be possible to diagnose faults in circuits efficiently and quickly.