Earticle

목적: 이 연구는 국내외 바디페인팅 연구의 주요 키워드 및 연구 동향을 비교·분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 방법: 이를 위해 국내 학술지 논문 71편과 해외 학술지 논문 54편을 선정하고, 텍스트 마이닝 분석을 수행하였다. 연구의 신뢰성을 확보하기 위해 텍스트 전처리 과정을 수행하였고, 국내 논문에서는 총 18,456개의 토큰(token)과 2,387개의 타입(type)이 확인되었으며, 해외 논문에서는 6,562개의 토큰과 1,558개의 타입이 도출되었다. 결과: 시계열 분석 결과, 초기에는 예술적 기법과 표현 중심의 연구가 주를 이루 었으나, 이후 피부 안전성 및 독성 평가 연구가 증가하였으며, 최근에는 디지털 기술과의 융합 연구가 활발하게 이루어지는 추세를 보였다. 공출현 네트워크 분석에서는 국내 연구가 색채 및 미용 관련 개념과 강한 연관성을 보이는 반면, 해외 연구에서는 교육 및 과학적 응용 분야와의 연계성이 두드러졌다. U-Matrix 분석 결과, 국내 연구에서는 색채 및 미용 관련 개념들이 하나의 밀집된 클 러스터를 형성하며, 바디페인팅이 색조 화장 및 뷰티 메이크업의 연장선에서 연구되는 경향이 나타났다. 반면, 해외 연구에서는 바 디페인팅이 교육적·산업적 응용을 중심으로 연구되고 있음을 보여준다. 다차원 척도법(MDS) 분석에서는 국내 연구가 뷰티 산업과 의 연계를 강조하며 예술적 서사를 중심으로 연구가 진행되는 경향을 보였으며, 해외 연구는 바디페인팅을 교육적 도구 및 과학적 연구와의 융합을 중심으로 연구하는 패턴이 확인되었다. 결론: 국내외 바디페인팅 연구의 주요 키워드 및 연구 동향을 비교·분석함 으로써, 바디페인팅 연구의 학문적 차이를 규명하고 뷰티 산업에서의 실용적 확장 가능성을 제시하였다는 점에서 중요한 의의를 가 진다. 특히, 국내 연구가 뷰티 및 패션 산업과의 연계를 중심으로 발전하고 있는 반면, 해외 연구는 바디페인팅을 교육·의료·과학적 응용 분야로 확장하려는 경향을 보인다는 점에서, 미용 산업에서 바디페인팅 기술의 활용 가능성을 더욱 확대하는 후속 연구가 필 요함을 시사한다.

Purpose: Given the burgeoning interdisciplinary nature of body painting, which interfaces with domains such as beauty science, medical education, and material science, a systematic investigation of research trends in this area is warranted. The present study sought to comparatively analyze the trends in domestic and international body painting research utilizing text mining methodologies. Methods: Altogether, 71 domestic and 54 international journal articles were systematically retrieved from major academic databases, comprising 18,456 tokens and 2,387 types in domestic research and 6,562 tokens and 1,558 types in international studies. Text mining techniques, including time-series analysis, U-Matrix clustering, and multidimensional scaling (MDS), were employed to analyze keyword frequency, cooccurrence networks, and thematic clusters. Results: The time-series analysis showed a shift from artistic techniques to safety, toxicity, and digital applications. The cooccurrence network analysis revealed strong associations between beauty-related terms in domestic research, whereas the international studies emphasized education and material sciences. U-Matrix clustering demonstrated a dense beauty-focused cluster in domestic studies and more dispersed cluster in international research. MDS confirmed the commercial focus of domestic research and the interdisciplinary nature of international studies. Conclusions: The present study highlights the divergence in body-painting research, with domestic and international studies prioritizing beauty applications and interdisciplinary integrations, respectively. The study findings suggest a growing need to explore the potential of body painting beyond esthetics, incorporating scientific and technological advancements.

目的: 鉴于人体彩绘的跨学科性质日益凸显，并与美容科学、医学教育和材料科学等领域相交叉，有必要对该领 域的研究趋势进行系统性的研究。本研究旨在利用文本挖掘方法，比较分析国内外人体彩绘研究的趋势。方法: 从主要学术数据库中系统检索了71篇国内期刊文章和54篇国际期刊文章，其中国内研究包含18,456个词条和 2,387个类型，国际研究包含6,562个词条和1,558个类型。采用文本挖掘技术，包括时间序列分析、U矩阵聚类 和多维尺度分析(MDS)，分析关键词频率、共现网络和主题聚类。结果: 时间序列分析显示，研究重点从艺术技 巧转向安全性、毒性和数字应用。共现网络分析显示，国内研究中与美容相关的术语之间存在很强的关联，而 国际研究则侧重于教育和材料科学。U-Matrix聚类分析显示，国内研究中以美容为重点的聚类较为密集，而国 际研究中的聚类则较为分散。MDS证实了国内研究的商业化倾向和国际研究的跨学科性质。结论: 本研究凸显了 人体彩绘研究的分歧：国内研究侧重于美学应用，国际研究则侧重于跨学科融合。研究结果表明，人们越来越 需要探索人体彩绘在美学之外的潜力，并融入科技进步。

In Malaysia, figurative painting has increasingly become a means for artists to pose questions about presumptions of power and assumptions of history. The body, its potentially breached boundaries and defenses, forms an integral component of the battle for political influence. The degree of control over one's own and other people's bodies has become a measuring stick to determine the power of potential political leaders. Anxiety about boundaries and access to powerful bodies is intertwined with the questions of who has the right to hold power; the relevance of moral bodies and of what comprises an ideal self or selves. These questions are raised in intriguing ways in contemporary Malaysian art. While eschewing a direct take on current politics, Malaysian artists have increasingly turned to the body to address issues in Malaysian history, culture and the distribution of power. This paper will explore some works by three artists in particular, Wong Hoy Cheong, Nadiah Bamadhaj and Ahmad Fuad Osman use the figure to problematise dominant narratives in Malaysian history. Their work variously challenge political, racial and gender hierarchies and in so doing, reveal them as social constructions.

본 연구의 목적은 그로테스크의 개념과 특징을 고찰하고 그로테스크의 회화적 역사를 살펴 본 후 시대별 회화 작품 을 응용한 바디페인팅 융합 디자인 작품을 제시함으로써 창의적이고 독창적인 바디페인팅 디자인의 기초자료를 제시하는데 있다. 연구 방법은 관련 서적과 선행 연구 및 인터넷 자료 등을 토대로 그로테스크와 바디페인팅의 개념 및 특징, 표현기법 등을 이론적으로 고찰하고 시대별로 그로테스크 회화 작품의 이미지를 분석한 후 이를 바탕으로 융합 디자인하여 바디페인 팅 작품을 제작하였다. 연구 결과, 바디페인팅 작품 제작을 통해 그로테스크를 비롯한 회화 작품들이 바디페인팅 작가들에게 무한한 상상력과 다양한 주제를 제시할 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 향 후 바디페인팅 작품을 디자인하는데 미술작품의 역할이 크게 작용할 수 있음을 시사하는 바이다. 또한 이를 좀 더 학문적이고 체계적으로 연구하고자 하는 이들 에게 융합 디자인의 영감을 제시하여 예술 작품으로서의 바디페인팅이 하나의 독자적 영역을 공고히 하는데 도움이 되기를 기대한다.

This study examined the concept and characteristics of grotesque painting and its history and presented body painting convergence designs using paintings of each age as basic data on creative and unique body painting design. For the purpose, this study theoretically examined the concepts, characteristics and expressing techniques of grotesque and body painting, analysed images of grotesque paintings in each age and represented convergence body painting based on the results. As a result, it was discovered that paintings including grotesque paintings provided infinite imagination and diverse themes for body painting artists. It means that artistic works can work efficiently for future body painting design. Also, it is expected that they will inspire those who want to study them more academically and in an organized way and body painting will have an independent area in art.

This study reinterprets the linkage between body painting and body image to provide a basis for applying it to new fields and to search for a new way of body beauty. The body imaging phenomena in body painting were classified into fashion, transparency, commercialization, advertising mediation, and animal and planting. The characteristics of body imaging phenomenon were transformation, transformation, and synthesis. The body imaging phenomenon in the body painting was conceived as a manifestation of human desire to pursue free change to other objects, revealing the desire for constant change and expressing temporal and instantaneous change. As a result, it was confirmed that the various uses of body imaging could expand the positive awareness of the effectiveness of the body.

Body-painting, one of plastic arts that configures human bodies, began with history of human beings, and has continued to develop and change. In body-painting, physical and ornamental elements coexist with physical artistic ones and these days, it has been represented as performance. As it is combined with fashion, props, stage presentation, lighting, sound, and dancing using diverse themes and techniques, and distinctive representative approaches, it has been loved as a genre of composite art that can be staged. Thus, there have been active studies on baby-painting in diverse genres and this study analyses the results of recent studies on body-painting and classifies it into painting, textile, contemporary art trend, tools, objet, and educational values according to approaches. And it presents limitations and suggestions through analyses on the applied effects when they are applied for body-painting based on such classification. As a result, because of diverse objects and interesting representation used when painting and contemporary art trend are applied for body-painting, a possibility of new creation was found. For textile, applied effect such as sense of rhythm, rhythmical beauty, sense of movement, speed, harmony, and unity could be maximized. And as it provides many new styles of creative motives when it is applied for fashion, it is expected that it can be used for more ranges. If proper tools are used for body-painting, new representative techniques can be developed and unique effect can be produced. As the range of diverse objets is being expanded, it has educational value in emotion through practical education programs for adolescents. Therefore, for development of body-painting, this study suggests that we should present more diverse and intensified studies on artistic, economic and commercial values of body-painting through stage performance or various performances.

As a research on the capstone design works created by the students from a cosmetology college, this study attempted to make body paintings through convergence between capstone design courses and makeup. Specifically, a total of 4 body paintings were created by expressing the culture and tourist attractions of the four countries in a creative and artistic fashion as a graduation project. A total of 24 students from a cosmetology college, who have taken a capstone design course were examined (6 members per group), and four graduation works (body paintings) were created through full-body mannequins. They were designed under the theme of European and American countries, and painting techniques were used with the culture and tourist attractions of the countries as motives. They were also colored, using brushes and aqua colors. Body paintings were created by converging capstone design and makeup. To express them in a creative and artistic manner, four works were created under a different theme: I. France, II. GREECE, III. BRAZIL, IV. CANADA. Students majoring in cosmetology, not experts, were forced to engage in this project to encourage the public to approach body paintings in an easy and friendly way. Furthermore, such body paintings were expressed in a creative and artistic manner in consideration of both industrial and academic needs.

本文的研究对象是美容大学在校生的拱顶石设计毕业作品 , 并将拱顶石设计课程与化妆融合 制作身体彩绘作品 , 参与研究人员为听取拱顶石设计课程的24名美容大学在校生 , 学生以6人 为1组 , 制作4个全身彩绘人体模型毕业作品􀕶作品以欧美国家为主题 , 构思, 应用, 设计 , 并以该国的文化和旅游景点为主题 , 运用绘画技法 , 使用刷子和水蓝色进行彩绘􀕶学生融合 拱顶石设计和妆容制作了身体彩绘作品 , 第一部是表现创意和艺术的法国 , 第二部作品是希 腊 , 第三部作品是巴西 , 第四部作品以加拿大为主题 , 共研究制作了以各国文化和旅游景点 为主题的4部作品􀕶这不仅具有身体彩绘的价值 , 而且因非专家人员美容专业大学生的参与 , 使大众更容易接近, 熟悉, 了解产业实践现场和美容教育的需求 , 创造性地表现了身体彩绘 作品.

Peruvian painter Tilsa Tsuchiya (1929-1984), was consistently developing an organic painting style and while many contemporary Peruvian artists followed an abstract art-form, Tsuchiya did not fit into that trend. Although some art critics speak of surrealism in reference to her paintings, while others have been tempted to find a more native inspiration, Tsuchiya refused to be framed within one form or the other. Being convinced of the long process of finding a language within painting, she tried to follow her own path which was influenced by Eastern philosophies by producing a more metaphysical painting, in which one can observe a mystical spirit. However, it is neither Orientalism nor the possible foreign influences over locals in the painting. Rather, it is the representation of the body and eroticism, which is what was of primary interest. By plastic semiotics and semiotics of the body, this paper tries to answer such questions as how the physical dimension in the visual object works and what the links exist between eroticism and the mythical mean.

본 연구는 초현실주의적 사조가 현대조형예술에 어떻게 구현되고 있는지를 규명하고 초현실주의의 입장에서 표현한 아트메이크업을 제안하는 데 있다. 또한 초현실주의적 아트메이크업을 표현함으로써 메이크없 또한 예술의 사조와 흐름을 함께하는 예술적 존재라는 사실을 재확인하고자 하는 것에 본 연구의 목적이 있다. 이론고찰에서 얻은 결과를 작품을 통해 이론과 실제를 연결시켰다. 기존의 초현실주의 회화에서 모티브를 착안한 작품과 본 연구자가 초현실적 표현을 시도해 본 작품으로 제목은 다음과 같다. <작품1-DALI's expression>, <작품2-MAGRITTE's expression>, <작품3-ERNST's expression>, <작품4-첼로>, <작품5-ZIPPER>, <작품6-A DROP OF WATER>로 총6점을 제작하였다. 본 연구의 작품제작을 통해 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 초현실주의 회화에서 많이 보여지는 소재와 이미지를 응용하여 인체에 구성한 결과 현대적 조형감각과 선 감각이 표출되었다. 둘째, 색이나 표현, 주제, 기법, 재료 등에 구속받지 않고 예술적 이미지를 위한 아트 메이크업의 특성이 표출되었다. 셋째, 극히 주관적인 초현실주의 회화와 이념을 여러 각도로 응용하여 다양한 소재의 메이크업과 흥미로운 표현방법으로 인한 무한한 창작의 가능성을 부여하였다.

The purpose of this study is to clarify how modern formative art reflects surrealism and propose a Art Make-up expressed based on the trend. The study also aims at demonstrating the part that the Make-up based on surrealism is also an artistic being keeping pace with the trend of art. For the purpose, the study reviewed related theoretical backgrounds and works as manufactured. Based on these theoretical backgrounds, the author anufactured works of his own, realizing the combination between theoretical and practical aspects. Those works were motivated from existing surrealistic paintings or otherwise made surrealistically through creation by the author for himself. The works included <Work 1-DALI's Expression>, (Work 2-MAGRITTE's Expression>, <Work 3-ERNST's Expression>, <Work 4-Chello>, <Work 5-Zipper> and <Work 6-A Drop of Water>. Results of the study, which were obtained through manufacturing the works, can be described as follows. First, senses of modern formation and line were emerged by applying the materials and images frequently shown in surrealistic paintings to human bodies. Second, characteristics of the Art Make-up for artistic image were revealed, not limited to colors, expressions, subjects, techniques and materials. Third, an unlimited, interesting expression of the Make-up using a variety of materials became possible by applying extremely subjective, surrealistic paintings and images in various ways. This paper proposed that the Make-up should be a artistic image itself, not as a secondary means for an obvious expression of personal beauty which has been maintained since the ancient times. The researcher tried to put the Art Make-up into our daily life by making creative works which viewed and psychologically enjoyed by people and by proposing the works as sort of image theme to the spectators.

By studying 3-D virtual human modeling, motion-capturing and clothing simulation for easier and safer work clothes development, this research aimed (1) to categorize heavy manufacturing work motions; (2) to generate a 3-D virtual male model and establish painting work motions within a 3-D virtual clothing simulation system through computerized body scanning and motion-capturing; and finally (3) to suggest simulated clothing images of painting work clothes developed based on virtual male avatar body measurements by implementing the work motions defined in the 3-D virtual clothing simulation system. For this, a male subject's body was 3-D scanned and also directly measured. The procedures to edit a 3-D virtual model required the total body shape to be 3-D scanned into a digital format, which was revised using 3-D Studio MAX and Maya rendering tools. In addition, heavy industry workers' work motions were observed and recorded by video camera at manufacturing sites and analyzed to categorize the painting work motions. This analysis resulted in 4 categories of motions: standing, bending, kneeling and walking. Besides, each work motion category was divided into more detailed motions according to sub-work posture factors: arm angle, arm direction, elbow bending angle, waist bending angle, waist bending direction and knee bending angle. Finally, the implementation of the painting work motions within the 3-D clothing simulation system presented the virtual painting work clothes images simulated in a dynamic mode.

Body painting according to physical types is a method to express the body as it exists in nature or as an active element of nature. There is a need to research physical formation that applies the trend of contemporary naturalism to the types of nature art by emphasizing the artistic value of body painting with natural environmental overtones. Importantly, body painting according to physical types attempts an intact reproduction of natural objects and the reflection of the beauty of natural objects in body painting. Thus, the purpose of this study was to analyze body painting according to physical types based on the types of nature art. The methodology of the study included theoretical and empirical review. Theoretical review examined the characteristics of physical formation in nature art and relevant nature art works and body painting of physical types through previous research and literature. The empirical review applied analyses to works extracted from web sites of body painting. The study included physical type cases extracted from body painting works from 2005 to 2015 in foreign web sites(www.ilovebodyart.com and www.angel cakebodyart.com). Body painting works were based on the characteristics of physical types. As a result, the body painting of physical types based on nature art is as follows. First, organic continuity with nature art through the artists'thoughts and beliefs. Second, the specificity of place that respects the natural phenomenon itself. Third, the creative diversity of formative shapes for the body. Fourth, the social implications of body painting with human empathy. Fifth, immediacy to embody the artistic will of the artist. Finally, the application of physical types according to affinity with nature, as well as an independent artistic entity.