Earticle

The objectives of this study were to evaluate convolutional neural network models and computer vision techniques for the classification of swine posture with high accuracy and to use the derived result in the investigation of the effect of dietary fiber level on the behavioral characteristics of the pregnant sow under low and high ambient temperatures during the last stage of gestation. A total of 27 crossbred sows (Yorkshire × Landrace; average body weight, 192.2 ± 4.8 kg) were assigned to three treatments in a randomized complete block design during the last stage of gestation (days 90 to 114). The sows in group 1 were fed a 3% fiber diet under neutral ambient temperature; the sows in group 2 were fed a diet with 3% fiber under high ambient temperature (HT); the sows in group 3 were fed a 6% fiber diet under HT. Eight popular deep learning-based feature extraction frameworks (DenseNet121, DenseNet201, InceptionResNetV2, InceptionV3, MobileNet, VGG16, VGG19, and Xception) used for automatic swine posture classification were selected and compared using the swine posture image dataset that was constructed under real swine farm conditions. The neural network models showed excellent performance on previously unseen data (ability to generalize). The DenseNet121 feature extractor achieved the best performance with 99.83% accuracy, and both DenseNet201 and MobileNet showed an accuracy of 99.77% for the classification of the image dataset. The behavior of sows classified by the DenseNet121 feature extractor showed that the HT in our study reduced (p < 0.05) the standing behavior of sows and also has a tendency to increase (p = 0.082) lying behavior. High dietary fiber treatment tended to increase (p = 0.064) lying and decrease (p < 0.05) the standing behavior of sows, but there was no change in sitting under HT conditions.

Feeding is the most important behavior that represents the health and welfare of weanling pigs. The early detection of feed refusal is crucial for the control of disease in the initial stages and the detection of empty feeders for adding feed in a timely manner. This paper proposes a real-time technique for the detection and recognition of small pigs using a deep-leaningbased method. The proposed model focuses on detecting pigs on a feeder in a feeding position. Conventional methods detect pigs and then classify them into different behavior gestures. In contrast, in the proposed method, these two tasks are combined into a single process to detect only feeding behavior to increase the speed of detection. Considering the significant differences between pig behaviors at different sizes, adaptive adjustments are introduced into a you-only-look-once (YOLO) model, including an angle optimization strategy between the head and body for detecting a head in a feeder. According to experimental results, this method can detect the feeding behavior of pigs and screen non-feeding positions with 95.66%, 94.22%, and 96.56% average precision (AP) at an intersection over union (IoU) threshold of 0.5 for YOLOv3, YOLOv4, and an additional layer and with the proposed activation function, respectively. Drinking behavior was detected with 86.86%, 89.16%, and 86.41% AP at a 0.5 IoU threshold for YOLOv3, YOLOv4, and the proposed activation function, respectively. In terms of detection and classification, the results of our study demonstrate that the proposed method yields higher precision and recall compared to conventional methods.

본 연구는 DISC행동유형을 통해 미용 전공 대학생들의 미용교육 전공인식과 만족도, 직업 선호도에 대하여 파악하 고자 하였으며, DISC행동유형을 통한 개인별 성향을 고려하여 맞춤형 진로 및 미용교육 자료로써 활용하고자 하였다. 2017년 9월 20일부터 10월 11일까지 충남과 경기도에 거주하는 미용교육 대학생을 대상으로 최종 설문지 225부를 분석 하였다. 연구 대상자들의 전공에 대한 만족도가 D, I, S, C 순으로 확인되었고, 전공인식과 직업 선호도는 유형별로 유의한 차이가 확인되었다. 본 연구를 통하여 미용 교육 대학생들의 전공인식과 만족도, 직업 선호도를 파악하여, 미용 교육 후 진로 결정에 도움이 될 수 있는 기초자료로써 활용이 가능할 것으로 사료되어진다.

This study was designed to understand the Education recognition, satisfaction, and job preferences of college students majoring in beauty through the DISC behavior type, and to be used as customized career and beauty education data considering individual tendencies through the DISC behaviour type. From September 20 to October 11, 2017, the final questionnaire was analyzed for students of beauty education who lived in South Chungnam Province and Gyeonggi Province. Significant differences in the Education recognition and job preferences of the study participants were shown, followed by D, I, S, and C, and were found to be satisfactory for their majors. Through this study, it is believed that it will be possible to identify the Education recognition, satisfaction and job preferences of college students in beauty education and use them as basic data that can help them decide their career path after beauty education.

본 연구는 수도권에 거주하는 20~30대 여성을 대상으로 마스크팩 인식 및 구매 행동에 대하여 설문지를 이용하여 조사하였다. 본 연구 결과, 연구 대상자들은 피부미용에 대한 관심이 높지만 마스크팩 타입에 따른 특징과 차별성 인식은 미흡한 것으로 조사되었다. 마스크팩을 사용한 후, 조사 대상자들의 51.1%가 효능 효과에 만족한 것으로 조사되었으나, 마스크팩 사용 시 대표적인 불편한 점으로는 시트형 마스크팩은 사용성, 크기, 밀착성 및 피부 자극으로 불만족스러웠으며, 하이드로 겔타입의 소재와 슬리밍 타입은 내용물, 흡수성에 대해 불만족스러운 것으로 확인되었다. 또한, 셀룰로오스 팩과 하이드로겔 타입의 팩은 동일하게 불쾌감을 가지는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구 결과를 통하여 마스크팩 시장의 기초 마케 팅 자료로서 활용이 가능할 것으로 사료되어 진다.

This study was conducted on women in their 20s and 30s living in the Seoul metropolitan area by using questionnaires on the recognition and purchase behavior of mask packs. According to this study, although there is high interest in skin beauty, the recognition of characteristics and distinctions according to mask pack type was found to be insufficient. After using mask packs, 51.5% of those surveyed were satisfied with their efficacy and effectiveness. When using the mask pack, the Sheet type mask pack was discontented with usability, size, Close Adhesion and skin irritation, Hydrogel type is material, sleeping type is content and absorbent, cellulose type pack was found to have the same discomfort with the material as the hydro gel type. Through the results of this study, the possibility of utilization as basic data for mask pack market marketing was confirmed.

Purpose: This study was to investigate the relationship among the symptom recognition, health behavior compliance, and the hospital arrival time to identify factors influencing the hospital arrival time in patient with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: The subjects of this study were 200 patients with AMI in C hospital in D city. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, One way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple liner regression tests. Results: Level of symptom recognition and health behavior compliance was low. The median value of hospital arrival time was 4.48 hours (ST-segment Elevation Ml was 2.43 hours and Non ST-segment Elevation MI was 7.83 hours). Among the studied factors, only symptom recognition had a statistically significant positive correlation with health behavior compliance (r=0.38, p<.001). Factors influencing the hospital arrival time were MI classification, diabetes mellitus (DM) and transport vehicle to the 1st hospital, and they accounted for 13% of the variance for hospital arrival time in AMI patients. Conclusion: To prevent the delay of hospital arrival time in MI patients, a more robust nursing strategic intervention according to MI classification and DM is necessary; further education on the importance of transportation utilization is also mandated.

본 연구는 아동의 표정 인식 정확성과 친사회적 행동의 하나인 나눔 행동을 살펴보고 두 변인 간의 연관성을 탐색하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 초등학교 1학년, 3학년 아동 각각 70명을 대상으로 표정 인식 정확성과 나눔 행동을 측정하였다. 표정 인식 정확성은 DANVA-2(Nowicki & Duke, 1994) 과제로, 나눔 행동은 독재자 게임을 응용한 자원 분배 게임으로 측정하였다. 본 연구 결과, 나눔 행동에서의 아동 연령 집단 간 차이는 없었으나 표정 인식 정확성에서는 연령 집단 간 차이가 나타났다. 즉, 화난 표정 인식에서 초등학교 3학년 아동이 1학년 아동보다 높은 정확성을 보였다. 표정 인식 정확성과 나눔 행동 간의 관계를 살펴본 결과, 화난 표정 인식 정확성과 친사회적 나눔 행동 간의 연관성이 확인되었다.

The present study investigated the relationship between facial expression recognition accuracy and sharing behavior, one of the prosocial behaviors-of first and third graders. The authors measured facial expression recognition accuracy by DANVA-2 and sharing behavior by modified dictator game. The results revealed that there was no difference in the amount of resources shared with the recipient, but there was a difference in the facial expression recognition accuracy between the two age groups. Older children recognized anger facial expression more accurately than younger children. Furthermore, it was found that children's angry facial expression recognition accuracy is related to their prosocial sharing behavior.

본 연구는 성인 지적장애인이 위험을 감수하는 행동에 대해 당사자, 부모, 서비스 제공자가 인식하고 있는 바를 유형화하고 그 특성을 파악하고자 수행한 것이다. Q방법론을 활용하여 조사한 결과, 성인 지적장애인의 경우 ‘자기결정적 신중도전형’, ‘관계중심적 적극도전형’, ‘가족의존적 안전추구형’의 세 가지 인식유형이 도출되었고, 부모의 경우 ‘사회적 책임 강조 지원형’, ‘취약성 절대보호형’, ‘가족주도 신중지원형’의 세 가지 인식유형이 도출되었으며, 서비스 제공자의 경우 ‘위험감수 지원형’, ‘안전전제 지원형’의 두 가지 인식유형이 도출되었다. 이러한 인식유형들은 집단별, 집단 간 유사성과 차이점을 보여준다. 최근 법, 제도, 정책, 서비스 등의 영역에서 지적장애인에 대한 사람들의 관심이 증가하고 있다. 이러한 현실에서 본 연구의 결과는 기존에 다루어지지 않았던성인 지적장애인의 위험감수에 관한 사람들의 인식을 확인하였다는데 의의가 있다. 이로써 기존의 보호담론을 넘어서는 수준에서 위험 대응과 관련한 논의를 활성화하는데 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

This study has been done to clarify how adults with intellectual disabilities, parents and service providers recognize risk-taking behaviors of adults with intellectual disabilities in the community by Q-methodology. First, in case of an adult with intellectual disability, three types, ‘Self-determined and prudent challenge type’, ‘Relation-based and active challenge type’, ‘Family-dependent and safety pursuing type’, were produced. Second, in case of parents, also three types, ‘Social responsibility stressed and support type’, ‘Absolute vulnerability protection type’, ‘Family-led prudent support type’, were produced. Third, in case of service providers, two types, ‘Risk-taking support type’, ‘Safety prerequisite support type’ were produced. By this study, we can find diverse perceptions and meanings on risk-taking of adults with intellectual disabilities. These findings may contribute to facilitate discussion and communication for the development of risk-taking practice.

본 연구에서는 도박행동에 영향을 미치는 충동성과 우연-기술수준 지각, 그리고 Big-win의 유/무간 상호작용의 영향력을 실험을 통해서 밝히고자하였다. 실험을 위하여 D시 K대학에서 심리학 관련 수업을 수행하는 학생 526명을 대상으로 K-NODS, BAS/BIS를 실시하였다. K-NODS점수에서 ‘위험수준’ 이상에 해당하는 참가자를 제외시키고, BAS의 점수를 바탕으로 상위 15%에 해당하는 참가자를 ‘충동성_고’, 하위 15%에 해당하는 참가자를 ‘충동성_저’ 집단으로 표집하여, 최종 실험에 참가한 인원은 149명이었다. 실험에 참가한 149명은 난수표를 이용하여 우연-기술수준 지각(고/저), Big-win(無/有)의 실험 집단에 무선으로 배치하였다. 삼원 변량분석을 통한 분석 결과 ‘충동성’, ‘우연-기술수준 지각’, ‘Big-win의 유/무’간의 삼원 상호작용은 도출되지 않았으나 충동성의 주효과가 일관되게 나타남을 확인하였다. 이원 상호작용으로 도박횟수와 도박시간에 대한 ‘우연-기술수준 지각’과 ‘Big-win의 유/무’ 간의 상호작용이 충동성_고 집단에서 도출되었다. 이러한 결과는, 충동성이 높은 집단일수록 긍정적 결과를 과대평가하고 부정적 결과를 과소평가하며, 긍정적 결과를 자신이 통제할 수 있다는 비합리적인 믿음을 가지게 되어 병적 도박행동을 나타낼 수 있다는 기존연구 결과를 실험적으로 검증한 것이었다. 끝으로 본 연구가 가지는 의의와 한계점을 논하였다.

This study investigated the effect of impulsivity, chance recognition and big-win on the gambling behavior. For this research, 526 male and female university students were asked to answer the K-NODS, Behavioral Inhibition and Activation System Scale(BAS/BIS). In experiment study, 149 male and female participant were selected and divided into 8 groups, representing the possible combinations of BAS; low or high impulsivity, chance recognition; coincidence or skill, and big-win; none or not. Parcitipants were asked to play the slot machine game in 5 minute and we measured the amount of game time, amount of beting money, and number of time for game. The results were as follows; there were significant interaction between big-win and chance recognition in only high impulsivity group. This result is shows that the high impulsivity groups overestimate their ability for gamble when big-win is, and they underestimate the loosing the money when big-win is not. Finally, the limitations and suggestion for further research were discussed.

최근 딥러닝을 비롯한 인공지능 기술의 활용이 다양한 분야에서 활발해지고 있으며, 특히 딥러닝 기술 기반의 객체 인식 및 검출에 뛰어난 성능을 보이는 여러 알고리즘들이 발표되고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 사용자의 편의성이 효과적으로 반영된 모바일 헬스케어 애플리케이션 구현에 대한 적절한 방향성을 제시하고자 한다. 기존의 피트니스 애 플리케이션들에 대한 이용 만족도 연구 및 모바일 헬스케어 애플리케이션에 대한 현황을 파악하여, 이로부터 피트니스 애플리케이션 시장에서의 생존과 우위를 확보하는 동시에, 최근 주목 받고 있는 인공지능 기술의 효과적인 적용에 의한 성능 개선을 통해 기존 이용자 유지 및 확대를 도모하고자 한다.

Recently, the use of artificial intelligence technology including deep learning has become active in various fields. In particular, several algorithms showing superior performance in object recognition and detection based on deep learning technology have been presented. In this paper, we propose the proper direction for the implementation of mobile healthcare application that user's convenience is effectively reflected. By effectively analyzing the current state of use satisfaction research for the existing fitness applications and the current status of mobile healthcare applications, we attempt to secure survival and superiority in the fitness application market, and, at the same time, to maintain and expand the existing user base.

본 연구는 방사선 조사식품에 대한 여성 근로자들의 인식 및 행태를 파악하기 위해 설문조사로 수행되었으며 수집 된 총 326부의 설문지를 최종 분석하였다. 연구결과 방사선 조사식품에 대한 지식수준은 3.411점, 인식수준은 2.542점이었다. 방사선 조사식품의 구입경험은 학력, 근무기관 및 직업에서, 섭취경험은 근무기관, 학력, 직업 및 경력에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 방사선 조사식품에 대한 예방행동은 근무기관, 경력 및 직업에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 방사선 조사식품에 대한 요인별 상관관계 분석에서 지식이 많고 인식이 좋을수록 구입 및 섭취경험이 많은 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 그러나 예방 행동은 지식, 인식, 구입경험 및 섭취경험과 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 따라서 향후 방사선 조사식품의 합리적 선택을 위해 방사선 조사식품에 대한 정보제공, 안전성 교육 등이 필요하다고 판단된다.

This study was conducted to determine the recognition and behavior of female workers on irradiated food. A total of 326 surveys have been analyzed. The results of the study showed that the level of knowledge was 3.411 points and the level of recognition was 2.542 points. There was a significant difference in purchase of irradiated food by level of education, affiliation, and job type; in consumption of irradiated food by affiliation, level of education, job type and work experience; in preventive behavior of irradiated food by affiliation, work experience and job type. In a correlation analysis on the factors of irradiated food, those with more knowledge and better recognition had more experience of purchase and consumption. However, preventive behavior had no significant correlation with knowledge, recognition, purchase and consumption. Therefore, for a rational selection of irradiated food, it is important to provide information and safety training on them.

In the midst of growing demand for rural life of urban dwellers, this study tried to investigate the difference in behavior and recognition about urban rural exchange between Korea and Japan. For this, this study utilized 2,000 total samples of the survey conducted by MLIT in Japan, because Japan has experienced a low birth rate and aging population earlier and actively promoting urban rural exchange program than South Korea. The result of the analysis is as follows. First, the needs for rural life of urban dwellers are similar both in Japan and South Korea. However, Japanese prioritize future efforts to current efforts. Second, urban dwellers’ activities in rural areas were classified into three categories; field trips and hands-on activities, cruise and circulating activities, and leisure activities. Third, similarly three types of visit or intercourse of urban dwellers into rural areas were classified; repeatedly visit the same place as ‘iterative type’, visit a new place as ‘new pioneer type’, and not yet determined as ‘undefined type’. Variables such as age of household, income, number of inmate, and number of children were analyzed linked to these three types of visit or intercourse in a Discriminant analysis. As a result, only ‘age of household’, however, turned out to be the crucial factor which influence decisively distinguishing characteristics of these three types of visit into rural areas.

항공사가 매년 정기적으로 수행하고 있는 정기 안전 교육 프로그램(Safety Training Programs)을 통한 객실승무원의 안전인 식(Safe Recognition) 변화와 직접적인 사고 발생 시 즉시 행동으로 연계되는 안전행동(Safety Behavior)을 연구하여 항공안전 의 목표를 달성하고, 사고를 방지하여 항공사의 신뢰도를 향상시키고 다른산업에서 직원안전교육을 수행할 경우 안전교육의 내용,절차, 횟수등을 제시하는 지표로 활용하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 항공사 객실승무원의 안전 교육 프로그램이 객실승무 원 안전인식과 행동에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 안전인식이 정기안전교육 프로그램과 안전행동의 관계에 있어서 매개효과 (mediating effect)가 있는지 파악해보고자 한다.

본 연구는 대학생을 대상으로 환경호르몬에 대한 교육프로그램을 개발하는데 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 시 도되었다. 일 지역 대학생을 대상으로 환경호르몬에 대한 인식도, 정보획득행동, 지식 및 교육에 대한 요구도를 조사하 였다. 본 연구는 구조화된 설문지와 온라인 설문을 이용하여 총 101명으로부터 자료를 수집하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS 18.0을 이용하여 빈도분석, t-test, ANOVA를 실시하였다. 첫째, 대학생의 환경호르몬에 대한 인식은 5점 만점에 3.01점, 환경호르몬이 사람에게 주는 위험에 대한 인식도는 5점 만점에 4.08점이었다. 환경호르몬이 본인 또는 가족에게 미칠 피해에 대한 불안정도는 5점 만점에 3.33점이었다. 둘째, 대학생의 환경호르몬에 대한 정보획득경로는 인터넷이 가장 많았다. 셋째, 대학생의 환경호르몬에 대한 지식점수의 정답률은 64.9%로 나타났다. 넷째, 대학생의 환경호르몬에 대한 교육에 대한 요구도와 필요성 인식은 높은 편이었다.

This study was conducted to provide basic data for the development of educational programs for endocrine disruptors in university students. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception of endocrine disruptors, information acquisition behavior. This study collected data from a total of 101 individuals using structured questionnaires and online questionnaires. Data were analyzed using frequency analysis, t-test and ANOVA using SPSS 18.0. First, the perception of endocrine disruptors among students was 3.01 out of 5 points, and the perception of endocrine disruptors on human health was 4.08 out of 5 points. Second, Internet was the most common pathway for acquiring information about endocrine disruptors among university students. Third, the percent correct score of knowledge score of students about endocrine disruptors was 64.9%. Fourth, students' perception of need and necessity of education about endocrine disruptors was high.

As the globalization sharply expands all over the world and the population moves a lot, the number of women emigrating from other countries is augmented because of the increase in international marriage and foreign students. 10 years ago, the Korean society was a single-race nation and shared homogeneity that only the Koreans have. In 2011, the total number of marriage was 329,087. 29,762 of which were made internationally (National Statistical Office, 2012). It amounts to 9% out of total newly weds and indicates that a tenth is international couples(NSO, 2012). Based on the fact that the migrated women is increasing, this study will perform comparative analyses on the awareness and the preference of Korean and migrated females for the hair treatment. Those women are important members and new consumers of Korean society. Thus, it would be better to analyze the hair care awareness and preference that is reflecting tastes of migrated women and set various marketing strategies based on this research. The increase in the foreign females indicates that new social members related to the beauty industry are augmented. Therefore, the study suggest to establish brand-new and varied marketing plans that consider their tendencies and needs to prepare for this trend.

우리나라는 지형 특성상 산악지역을 통과하는 도로구간이 많아 일조량에 따라 음영이 지속 되는 구간이 발생하여 겨울철 도로결빙으로 인한 사고위험이 높다. 국내 도로결빙 안전대책에 도 불구하고 도로결빙 사고위험은 여전히 인명피해로 연결되고 있다. 본 연구는 개발 중인 온 도 감응형 교통안전 표지판이 운전자에게 결빙 주의 정보를 효과적으로 전달할 수 있는지에 대하여 주행 및 시각행태 측면에서 효과평가 실험연구를 수행하였다. 효과적인 결빙안내를 위 해 개발된 다양한 표지판 시안 중 일반인 대상으로 수행된 선호도 평가 결과에서 가장 높은 시인성 및 효과성 평가를 받은 대안을 실험대상 표지판으로 선정하였다. 임의의 지방도를 VR 로 구현하여 선정된 표지판이 설치된 구간에서 나타나는 피실험자의 주행행태와 시선행태 변 화를 분석하였다. 분석결과, 온도 감응 후 표지판 구간에서 약 7km/h 이상의 속도감소 행태가 나타났으며, 시각행태 측면에서도 영향효과가 나타났다. 이에 개발 중인 결빙주의 표지판은 기 존 표지판에 비해 운전자에게 높은 경각심을 주는 것으로 분석되었다.

Due to the terrain in Korea, there are many road sections passing through mountainous areas. During the winter, there is a higher risk of traffic accidents, due to black ice caused by the lack of sunlight. Despite domestic road freezing safety measures, accidents caused by road freezing results in severe traffic accidents. Under these considerations, this study analyzed whether traffic safety signs that change in response to the external temperature help drivers recognize frozen road segments. The study was conducted through analysis of the effect of the signs on a driver’s perspective. For the signs under development, out of the signs designed by experts, the sign design which received the highest visibility and effectiveness evaluation ratings from the general public was selected. The sign was implemented through Virtual Reality (VR) and installed on the right side of the road to analyze the effect on gazing and driving behavior. As a result of analyzing the driver’s driving behavior, a speed reduction of about 7km/h or more was found in the sign section. Therefore, It was found that the existence of the sign had a strong relationship with the rate of the drivers' speed reduction.

본 연구는 20-50대 여성 311명을 대상으로 피부인식이 세안제 구매행동 및 구매성향에 미치는 영향을 연구하고자 피부인식을 중요도, 관심도, 만족도로, 구매성향을 충동구매형, 브랜드의존형, 계획구매형으로 하위요인을 구성하여 설문조사 를 통하여 분석하였다. 피부인식에서 관심도가 높은 그룹이 세안시간이 길었으며 피부지식도가 낮은 그룹은 구매정보를 주 변으로부터, 높은 그룹은 인터넷에서 얻는 것으로 나타났다. 구매성향에서 피부관심도가 높은 여성들은 충동구매형과 계획구 매형 성향이 강하고 피부중요도가 높은 여성은 충동구매형 성향이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 피부 관심도, 중요도 인식이 세안제 구매행동 및 구매성향에 영향을 미치기 때문에 고객의 피부인식을 파악하여 세안제 마케팅에 적용하는 것이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

The purpose of this study is how it affect them what the effect of skin recognition on the purchasing behavior and propensity to buy facial cleanser in 311 women in their 20s and 50s. This study analyzed by importance, interest, and satisfaction of skin recognition. and type of impulse buying, type of depending on brand, type of planning buying. The group with high interest in skin recognition had a long time to clean. As they got a purchasing information the group with low knowledge had the information from nearby, and the group with high knowledge got information from internet. At the view of purchasing propensity the women who are highly interested in the skin have a tendency of type of impulse buying and type of planning buying, and the women with high skin importance are less inclined to type of impulse buying. In conclusion, Skin recognition uses purchasing behavior and propensity to buy facial cleanser.