Earticle

The objectives of this paper aims at investigating the characteristics of image which appears by schema during the concept design process of an architect. The image is an efficient tool for the design process as well as a useful medium for an creative design idea. It affects design process to interpretate given-conditions and helps to shape the initial form at the elementary stage of design. The image is able to be translated as the expression of an architect's schema. The observation of the change in an architect's design tendency will reveal the characteristics of image through schema. This paper searches the common images to appear on architects' projects, and verifies the influence of schema on the common images, and analyses the relationship between schema and image.

With the close relationship between the idea of Postmodernism and the development of architectural and digital technology, the contemporary architectural scene began to require a new design process. In this context, some contemporary architects called 'the digital architect' use computer algorism as a mode of thinking about architecture named 'digital design process' for making more complex and peculiar architectural form. In addition to such a general phenomenon of digital design process, we can find another meaning of it, the role of architect's schema, in point of that all of architectural design process must start from the architect's own consciousness. In other word, architect's schema has an important role not only in traditional architectural design process, but also in digital design process. Architectural schema in design process is a lump of conceptual idea constituted with transcendental elements, intuition, image, thinking, philosophy, theory, and etc. in architect's consciousness. Diagram is a kind of media, which transforms architectural schema to real architectural form. It is different from the existing definition of diagram, and acts as a generator reflecting the function of computer algorism and conceptual schema. Therefore, it can make various architectural forms along with the changing of architect's schema and application of computer algorism in design process. That is why we call it as 'the generative diagram'.

In general, there is a heterogeneity and distance between an architecture concept and design outputs by two original differences of language and image. The distance is not narrowed. Also, when architects explain a form or image of the work through their architectural thought, they explain the form and image of the work only with the linguistic tool of ‘Concept’. However, architects do not make a creative thinking only with the concept, but progress with many images related to the shape. The shape and image are exposed through the ‘Architectural-schema’ of architects. In this study, the meaning of schema was re-interpreted through the schema theory of Kant, Bergson and Gombrich, and the schema applied to the artistic creation process. Also, Architectural-schema to be used for the architecture, one part of the art was defined and the meaning of it was analyzed in the architectural design process. Moreover, the role and characteristics of Architectural-schema which was distinguished from the schema of general recognition process was explained in the design creation process of architecture. Architectural-schema became one clue of explaining various forms and image origin in the architecture, and will be helpful in understanding the architectural thinking of architects who make various forms and image's structural origin and its image of architecture.

As BIM(Building Information Modeling) technology advances in architecture around the world, projects and industries using BIM are increasing. Unlike previous developments that were limited to buildings, BIM is now spreading to other fields such as civil engineering and electricity. In architecture, BIM is used in the entire process from design to maintenance of a building, and IFC(Industry Foundation Classes), a neutral format with interoperability, is used as an open BIM format. Since firefighting requires intuitive 3D models for evacuation and fire simulations, BIM models are desirable. However, due to the BIM model, which was developed centered on building objects, there are no objects and specific properties for fire evacuation in the IFC scheme. Therefore, in this study, when adding a new object in the firefighting area to the IFC schema, the IFC interoperability is not broken and the building WBS(Work Breakdown Structure) is analyzed with a hierarchical system similar to the IFC format to define the scope for a new object and the firefighting part within of the building WBS to derive a firefighting HBS(Hierarchy Breakdown Structure) with the extension of the object-oriented IFC file. And according to HBS, we propose an IFC schema extension method. It is a methodology that allows BIM users to instantly adapt the IFC schema to their needs. Accordingly, the methodology derived from this study is expected to be expanded in various areas to minimize information loss from IFC. In the future, we will apply the IFC extension methodology to the actual development process using HBS to verify that it is actually applicable within the IFC schema.

Memory and schema are very similar in terms of human accumulated mental and physical experiences. However, while memory has more personal aspect, schema discussed in this paper has more collective aspect. Schema has been developed through different generations and times, and has become a specific psychological or visual element(s) that can be applied to various fields, such as all, design and architecture. This study focuses on Aldo Rossi's architectural design characteristics based on his 'Autobiographical Concept' as well as personal schema. 'Autobiographical Concept' is the crucial structure supporting Aldo Rossi's distinctive formalization and spatialization. 4 case projects were comparatively analyzed by the 5 elements included in 'Autobiographical Concept'. It was not easy to relate each element to a specific design aspect because the 5 elements are somehow theoretically and conceptually inter-connected each other. Even though it is very difficult to directly relate a conceptual element with a real spatial element, it is found that the 5 elements have some differences in the spatialization process. Thus, in the conclusion, this study attempted to show the unique characteristics of the Aldo Rossi's architectural design process based on his 'Autobiographical Concept'.

The purpose of this study aims at the development of architectural design thinking which has been studied in the Kant's Epistemology to examine the Schema theories. In this point of view, the related theories are reviewed through Expression Form, representation of architectural knowledge and so on. One of these words, the Schema that formed by transcendental an Experience and Memory of transcendental an Experience, not only Play an important Part in the designer's thinking system about a specific problem but also appeared by distinctive features(image) and included by connotation as like a designer's ideology. Speaking briefly, thinking of a designer familiar with us as abstract confusion can be confined such methodological tools as schema, and image, etc., which we can easily understand the relationship among them through mechanism of Kant's [Concept-Schema-Intuition]. Evidences collected from case studies and its application on architectural design yield following results. First, design thinking can be defined as Kant's Epistemology composed of the schema and its extended factors(architectural-schema). Second, design thinking can be revealed different characteristics depending on the degree of the schema and architectural-schema. Lastly, the methodology will be proposed after application of the result to architects' works.