Earticle

본 연구는 KPGA골퍼를 대상으로 골프 어프로치 동작 시 지면 경사가 운동역학적변인인 지면반력과 근활성도에 미치는 영향을 분석하였으며 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 골프 어프로치 동작 시 지면 경사에 따른 오른다리의 지면 반력은 E1과 E4에서 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 10°가 0°에 비해 큰 힘을 보였다. 그리고 왼다리의 지면반력은 E1과 E3에서 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 10°에 비해 0°에서 큰 힘을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 골프 어프로치 동작 시 지면 경사에 따른 오른쪽 대퇴이두근은 E2에서 유의한 차이를 보였으며 10°가 0°에 비해 높은 근활성도를 보였다. 그리고 왼쪽 대퇴이두근은 E1, E2, E4에서 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 10°에 비해 0°가 높은 근활성도를 보였다. 셋째, 골프 어프로 치 동작 시 지면 경사에 따른 오른쪽 외측 비복근의 근활성도는 E2와 E3에서 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 10°가 0°에 비해 높은 근활성도를 보였다. 그리고 왼쪽 외측 비복근의 근활성도는 E1, E2, E3에서 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 10°에 비해 0°가 높은 근활성도를 보였다. 넷째, 골프 어프로치 동작 시 지면 경사에 따른 오른쪽 전경골근의 근활성도는 E2, E3, E4에서 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 10°가 0°에 비해 높은 근활성도를 보였다. 그리고 왼쪽 전경골근의 근활성도는 E4에서 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 10°가 0°에 비해 높은 근활성도를 보였다. 다섯째, 골프 어프로치 동작 시 지면 경사에 따른 오른쪽 내측광근의 근활성도는 모든 이벤트에서 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 10°가 0°에 비해 높은 근활성도를 보였다. 그리 고 왼쪽 내측광근의 근활성도는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of ground inclination on kinetics during the golf approach in KPGA golfers. The results of this study are as follows. First, the GRF(Fr) of the right leg according to the ground inclination was significantly different in E1 and E4, and 10 ° showed greater force than 0 °. The GRF of the left leg showed a significant difference in E1 and E3 and showed a greater force at 0 ° than 10 °. Second, right biceps according to the ground inclination showed significant difference in E2, and 10 ° showed higher muscle activity than 0 °. Left biceps showed significant difference in E1, E2, and E4, and and 0 ° showed higher muscle activity than 10 °. Third, the muscle activity of the right lateral gastrocnemius muscle according to the ground inclination showed significant difference in E2 and E3, and the 10 ° showed higher muscle activity than the 0 °. The muscle activity of the left lateral gastrocnemius was significantly different in E1, E2, and E3, and the 10 ° showed higher muscle activity than the 0 °. Fourth, the muscle activity of the right tibialis anterior muscle according to the ground inclination showed significant difference in E2, E3, and E4, and the 10 ° showed higher muscle activity than the 0 °. The muscle activity of the left tibialis anterior muscle was significantly different in E4, and the 10 ° showed higher muscle activity than the 0 °. Fifth, the muscle activity of the right vastus medialis muscle according to the ground inclination showed significant difference in all the events. The muscle activity of the left vastus medialis muscle was not significantly different.

본 연구는 간호사의 치매케어 관련 지식, 치매에 대한 태도 및 치매간호 접근법에 대해 조사하고 관련 변수 를 파악하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. P시에 소재한 G 병원의 남·녀 간호사 202명을 대상으로 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 자료를 수집하였다. 연구결과 대상자의 치매케어 관련 지식은 11.02점, 치매에 대한 태도는 40.15점이었으 며 치매간호 접근법은 7.90점이었다. 치매케어 관련 지식은 성별(t=-2.424, p<.05)과 교육수준(F=2.932, p<.05) 그리고 근무병동(F=2.268, p<.05)에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 치매케어 관련 지식은 치매에 대한 태도와 유의한 양의 상관관계(r=.162, p<.05)가 있었으며, 치매케어 관련 지식에 영향을 미치는 변수는 응급실(β =-1.568)과 중환자실(β=-1.682)이었다. 본 연구결과 치매환자에게 질 높은 간호를 제공하기 위해서는 치매케어 지식 의 향상과 치매에 대한 긍정적인 태도를 향상시키기 위한 융복합적인 교육프로그램의 개발이 필요하다.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among dementia care knowledge, attitudes toward to dementia and approach to dementia care of nurses. The participants were 202 nurses in G hospital of P city. The mean score of dementia care knowledge was 11.02, attitude toward dementia was 40.15 and approach to dementia care was 7.90. The dementia care knowledge was significant difference for sex(t=-2.424, P<.05), education level(F=2.932, P<.05) and work unit(F=2.268, P<.05). The dementia care knowledge was positively correlated with attitude toward to dementia(r=.162,P<.05 ). The predictors of dementia care knowledge were Emergence Room(β=-1.568, p<.05) and Intensive Care Unit(β=-1.682, p<.05). The result suggest that it is necessary to develop convergence education program to improve dementia care knowledge and attitudes toward to dementia to give high quality nursing care for patients with dementia.

This thesis attempts to investigate and analyse the architectural characteristics of catholic churches in Gangwon province built in the 1950s. Catholic churches built at that time in Korea had many similarities basically since they were supported by UN forces after the Korean War and were established by priests connected to the Missionary Society of St. Columban. The results of study are as follows. In location, Except one catholic church, the catholic churches preferred low and gentle hill. In layout axis, catholic churches at Youngseo area preferred the north-south layout axis, whereas those at Youngdong favor the east-west layout axis. In approach, most of catholic churches around the Youngseo and Youngdong areas preferred entering the front entrance with a bell tower, whereas three of them at Youngdong did entering the front entrance with a bell tower around the rear corner. In floor plan, catholic churches at Youngseo preferred symmetry, whereas those at Youngdong preferred asymmetry. And every floor plan of catholic churches is rectangular type with transepts except one semicircular type. In apse shape, catholic churches in the Youngseo area preferred non-extruded types like a straight wall, whereas those in Youngdong have extruded types. Every catholic churches have no crypt under ground except one at Gangreung. Except one at Sokcho, every catholic church in this study has choir space in half story.

연구에서는 Q방법론을 적용해 6개 기관의 장애인복지관 종사자 28명을 대상으로 자산기반실천에 대해 어떻게 인식하고 있는지 탐색하였다. 연구결과, 4가지 유형이 확인되었고 이를 각각 제도 중시형(1유형), 조직 중시형(2유형), 개인역량 중시형(3유형), 지역사회 중시형(4유형)으로 명명하였다. 자산접근실천에 대한 인식이 각 유형에 따라 공적영역과 연결, 개인의 역량 강화, 조직문화의 변화, 지역사회 참여기회 제공 등 각각의 실천에 대한 관점은 조금씩 차이가 있으나 장애당사자가 지역사회 시민으로서 살아갈 수 있도록 가족 이외에 다양한 지원그룹들을 발굴하고 연결시킬 필요가 있다는 것을 보여주고 있다.

In this study, Q methodology was applied to explore how 28 employees of welfare centers for the disabled in 6 institutions perceived their perceptions of asset-based practice. As a result of the study, four types were identified, and they were named institution-oriented type (type 1), organization-oriented type (type 2), individual competency-oriented type (type 3), and community-oriented type (type 4). Perception of asset access practice differs slightly from each type, such as linking with the public sphere, strengthening individual capacity, changing organizational culture, and providing opportunities to participate in the community, but the disabled person as a citizen of the community. It shows that it is necessary to discover and connect various support groups besides family so that they can live.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify effects of the variables of Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) Model on physical activity. Methods: This study has conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Sixteen articles were searched through electronic databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of science, Science Direct, RISS, KMBASE, KoreaMed, KISS, DBpia) and additional journals from 2000 to July, 2017. To estimate the effect size (ES), the meta-analysis of the studies was performed by using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis programs. Results: The overall effect size of the variables of HAPA on physical activity was median (ES=.28). Of the core variables of HAPA model, action control (ES=.43) showed the largest effect size, followed by coping self-efficacy (ES=.31) and planning (ES=.31).Additional variables were identified as preparatory behavior (ES=.39) and past physical activity (ES=.24). Through the moderator effect analysis, the effect size was higher in the volitional phase than in the motivational phase, and higher in the healthy group than in the patient group. The higher the proportion of males and the lower the age, the larger the effect size. Conclusion: This finding shows empirical evidence that all core variables of the HAPA model are useful for predicting physical activity. We propose the use of the HAPA model to develop physical activity promotion intervention.

Internet Traffic identification is a crucial method for monitoring Internet application activities and is essential for Internet management and security. Internet traffic data typically displays imbalanced distributions. The uneven distribution of instances in each class indicates the class imbalance problem. This problem can cause a decrease in classification performance because the classifier assumes the dataset has a balanced class distribution. Internet Traffic Identification dataset is often accompanied by overlapping and noise. The hybrid approach to handling class imbalances involving data-level and ensemble-based approaches is usually chosen to overcome this problem. Data-level with oversampling using SMOTE is the choice because of its ability to synthesize new samples for minority classes. However, SMOTE-generated samples tend to be noisy and overlap with the majority of samples. This research proposes the application of a Hybrid Approach with Membership-density-based Oversampling to tackle this challenge. This research emphasizes the importance of applying membership degrees in determining samples that will group samples into safe, overlapping, and noisy areas. Then, top samples will be selected based on density ratio, stability, and score for safe and overlapping safe areas. The study findings that the proposed method effectively addresses multi-class imbalances in six Internet Traffic Identification datasets, yielding slightly improved average accuracy, and class balance accuracy results compared to other testing methods, though the difference is not statistically significant. The noise and overlapping scenes experiments demonstrate that the average accuracy obtained is superior, showing a considerable difference compared to all test methods.

Objective To investigate the anatomical characteristics of the biceps femoris short head (BS) and determine the optimal needle placement for BS examination. Methods Twenty-one lower limbs were dissected. The distances from the medial and lateral margins of the biceps femoris long head (BL) tendon to the common fibular nerve (CFN) (M_CFN_VD and L_CFN_VD, respectively) and the distance from the lateral margin of the BL tendon to the lateral margin of the BS (L_BS_HD) were measured 5 cm proximal to the tip of the fibular head (P1), four fingerbreadths proximal to the tip of the fibular head (P2), and at the upper apex of the popliteal fossa (P3). Results The BS was located lateral to the BL tendon. The CFN was located along the medial margin of the BL tendon. The median values were 2.0 (P1), 3.0 (P2), and 0 mm (P3) for M_CFN_VD; and 17.4 (P1), 20.2 (P2), and 21.8 mm (P3) for L_CFN_VD; and 8.1 (P1), 8.8 (P2), and 13.0 mm (P3) for L_BS_VD. Conclusion The lateral approach to the BL tendon was safer than the medial approach for examining the BS. Amore proximal insertion site around the upper apex of the popliteal fossa was more accurate than the distal insertion site. In this study, we propose a safer and more accurate approach for electromyography of the BS.

The suppressive effect of monensin as an ionophore-feed additive on enteric methane (CH4) emission and renewable methanogenesis were evaluated. To clarify the suppressive effect of monensin a respiratory trial with head cage was performed using Holstein-Friesian steers. Steers were offered high concentrate diets (80% concentrate and 20% hay) ad libitum with or without monensin, galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) or L-cysteine. Steers that received monensin containing diet had significantly (p < 0.01) lower enteric CH4 emissions as well as those that received GOS containing diet (p < 0.05) compared to steers fed control diets. Thermophilic digesters at 55℃ that received manure from steers fed on monensin diets had a delay in the initial CH4 production. Monensin is a strong inhibitor of enteric methanogenesis, but has a negative impact on biogas energy production at short retention times. Effects of the activity of coprophagous insects on CH4 and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from cattle dung pats were assessed in anaerobic in vitro continuous gas quantification system modified to aerobic quantification device. The CH4 emission from dungs with adults of Caccobius jessoensis Harold (dung beetle) and the larvae of the fly Neomyia cornicina (Fabricius) were compared with that from control dung without insect. The cumulative CH4 emission rate from dung with dung insects decreased at 42.2% in dung beetles and 77.8% in fly larvae compared to that from control dung without insects. However, the cumulative N2O emission rate increased 23.4% in dung beetles even though it reduced 88.6% in fly larvae compared to dung without coprophagous insects. It was suggested that the antibacterial efficacy of ionophores supplemented as a growth promoter still continued even in the digested slurry, consequently, possible environmental contamination with the antibiotics might be active to put the negative impact to land ecosystem involved in greenhouse gas mitigation when the digested slurry was applied to the fields as liquid manure.

With anchor positions and measurements of distances between an object and anchors, positioning algorithms calculate the position of an object, e.g. via lateration. Positioning systems require calibration and configuration prior to operation. In the past, approaches employed reference nodes with GPS or other reference location systems to determine anchor positions. In this article, we propose an approach to determine anchor positions without prior knowledge. We evaluate our approach with simulations and real data based on the Decawave DW1000 radio and show that the error is proportional to the mean error of the distance estimation.

This paper presents a fusion approach to sentiment detection that combines multiple sources of evidence to retrieve blogs that contain opinions on a specific topic. Our approach to finding opinionated blogs on topic consists of first applying traditional information retrieval methods to retrieve blogs on a given topic and then boosting the ranks of opinionated blogs based on the opinion scores computed by multiple sentiment detection methods. Our sentiment detection strategy, whose central idea is to rely on a variety of complementary evidences rather than trying to optimize the utilization of a single source of evidence, includes High Frequency module, which identifies opinions based on the frequency of opinion terms (i.e., terms that occur frequently in opinionated documents), Low Frequency module, which makes use of uncommon/rare terms (e.g., “sooo good”) that express strong sentiments, IU Module, which leverages n-grams with IU (I and you) anchor terms (e.g., I believe, You will love), Wilson’s lexicon module, which uses a collection-independent opinion lexicon constructed from Wilson’s subjectivity terms, and Opinion Acronym module, which utilizes a small set of opinion acronyms (e.g., imho). The results of our study show that combining multiple sources of opinion evidence is an effective method for improving opinion detection performance.

A ganglion cyst is a relatively common benign tumor on the wrist. Conservative and surgical approaches have been used for its treatment. Various conservative treatment methods have been suggested such as reassurance, aspiration, sclerosant injection, and direct compression. But, there is no acceptable treatment of choice yet because each suggested method has a relatively high recurrence rate. We want to report two cases in which the size of the wrist ganglion was decreased by using electroacupuncture. One patient presented with a chronic ganglion for six years and the other patient presented with a recently occurred acute ganglion. We applied electroacupuncture for 20 minutes once a week for eight weeks to both of them. Afterwards, the size of the wrist ganglion diminished in the follow-up sonography and the accompanying pain was also relieved. Herein we report both cases along with a review of the relevant literature.

Objective To compare the technical strengths and weaknesses between retrodiscal (RD) and conventional subpedicular (SP) approaches of transforaminal epidural block (TF-EPB). Method Sixty-one patients with L5 radiculopathy who planned to undergo TF-EPB were consecutively enrolled as study subjects. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups. For the RD approach, the positioning of the patient and the C-arm were similar to that for lumbar discography. We compared the pattern of dye spreads,the frequency of complications during the procedures, and the eff ect of the pain block 2 weeks after the procedure between the two groups. Results For the RD group (n=24), the contrast dye diff used around the L5 and S1 nerve roots in 16 cases (67%),but it diffused around only the L5 root in 27 cases (73%) in the SP group (n=37) (p<0.05). Two weeks after the procedure, the visual analogue scale (VAS) decreased by the same amount in both groups (RD group: 3.1±1.6, SP group: 3.2±2.6). Symptoms of nerve root irritation occurred in 1 case of the RD group and in 10 cases of the SD group (p<0.05). Conclusion The RD approach was as efficient as the SP approach for temporary diagnostic relief and offered considerable advantages, such as lower nerve root irritation possible lower risk of vascular injection. Thus, it could be a useful technique when a herniated disc segment is stuck or when the foraminal stenosis is severe.

This paper aims to provide a semantic approach to Nominative-Genitive (NOM-GEN) Conversion in Korean adnominal clauses. First, I present the seven distributional properties of NOM-GEN conversion in adnominal clauses. Second, I will argue that the NOM-GEN conversion in the clause should be investigated with reference to the notion "event" in subatomic event semantics proposed by Parsons (1990). That is, it will be argued that the conversion is allowed when the adnominal clauses involve "Cul" events, which are also affected by Tense and Aktionsart. Third, I will claim that NOM-GEN conversion is closely related to singular vs. goneral proposition distinction. That is, it will be argued that the GEN-marked adnominal clauses induce generic or general interpretation.

Anomaly detection is a critical requirement across diverse domains to promptly identify abnormal behavior. Conventional approaches often face limitations with uninterpretable anomaly detection results, impeding efficient decision-making processes. This paper introduces a novel hybrid approach, the convolutional LSTM Bayesian neural network with nonparametric dynamic thresholding (ConvLSTMBNN-DT) for prediction-based anomaly detection. In addition, the model integrates fine-tuned generative pre-training version 4 (GPT-4) to provide human-interpretable explanations in edge?cloud environments. The proposed method demonstrates exceptional performance, achieving an average of 0.91 and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ( ) of 0.86. Additionally, it effectively offers comprehensible decision-support explanations.

Deep learning (DL) has exhibited great potential in communication systems. Recent advances in DL-based physical-layer techniques have shown that the communication system can be modeled as an autoencoder (AE), which performs end-to-end learning tasks. In this article, we investigate an AE-based deep learning framework for physical-layer security where multiple transmitters send their own data to a common receiver under an eavesdropping scenario (i.e., Gaussian multiple access wiretap channel). We have newly designed an integrated loss function with respect to secrecy performance in terms of symbol error rate among multiple users. Further, we verify that our training approach based on the proposed loss function can achieve better secrecy performance compared with the conventional training one.

The current ontact environment is accelerating the paradigm shift of retail store communication from traditional ways with offline store-centered activities to expansive and synergistic marketing actions using social media. Considering this background, the present study aimed at exploring the comparative effects of direct and indirect experiences with in-store communication on brand attitudes and behavioral intention. For this purpose, two surveys were conducted: an on-site survey of 269 respondents who visited one of the selected offline brand stores and a subsequent online survey of 334 respondents who indirectly encountered the information and activities of an offline store through blogs. Results indicate that in-store communication had positive effects on both cognitive and emotional attitudes toward the brand for either directly or indirectly experienced consumers. Also, for indirectly experienced consumers, emotional attitude had a positive effect on the cognitive attitude, while for both directly and indirectly experienced consumers, brand trust mediated the effect of cognitive attitude on behavioral intention. Based on the findings, several practical implications for effective in-store communication were discussed and directions for future research were suggested.