Earticle

Understanding complex technical objects, to a large extent, determines the efficiency of the design process. A conceptual model of the complex objects represents this understanding. The proposed cyclic-modular model is based on notions such as features, processes, and object structure. The model details a mechanism of interaction between object features and its structure. The base of this mechanism is a hierarchical functional process represented by closed-function diagrams. The closed form of the diagrams allows for workflow cycling and is also used to define and form functional modules. Object design is considered an evolutionary process that evolves through three streams: content, connections, and activities. The model application provides the basis for the practical analysis and design of complex technical objects and the creation of software tools. The proposed model's application is illustrated by an example of a module that converts flow into velocity. The study method of system analysis through logical reasoning has been used.

본 연구는 KPGA골퍼를 대상으로 골프 어프로치 동작 시 지면 경사가 운동역학적변인인 지면반력과 근활성도에 미치는 영향을 분석하였으며 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 골프 어프로치 동작 시 지면 경사에 따른 오른다리의 지면 반력은 E1과 E4에서 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 10°가 0°에 비해 큰 힘을 보였다. 그리고 왼다리의 지면반력은 E1과 E3에서 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 10°에 비해 0°에서 큰 힘을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 골프 어프로치 동작 시 지면 경사에 따른 오른쪽 대퇴이두근은 E2에서 유의한 차이를 보였으며 10°가 0°에 비해 높은 근활성도를 보였다. 그리고 왼쪽 대퇴이두근은 E1, E2, E4에서 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 10°에 비해 0°가 높은 근활성도를 보였다. 셋째, 골프 어프로 치 동작 시 지면 경사에 따른 오른쪽 외측 비복근의 근활성도는 E2와 E3에서 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 10°가 0°에 비해 높은 근활성도를 보였다. 그리고 왼쪽 외측 비복근의 근활성도는 E1, E2, E3에서 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 10°에 비해 0°가 높은 근활성도를 보였다. 넷째, 골프 어프로치 동작 시 지면 경사에 따른 오른쪽 전경골근의 근활성도는 E2, E3, E4에서 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 10°가 0°에 비해 높은 근활성도를 보였다. 그리고 왼쪽 전경골근의 근활성도는 E4에서 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 10°가 0°에 비해 높은 근활성도를 보였다. 다섯째, 골프 어프로치 동작 시 지면 경사에 따른 오른쪽 내측광근의 근활성도는 모든 이벤트에서 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 10°가 0°에 비해 높은 근활성도를 보였다. 그리 고 왼쪽 내측광근의 근활성도는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of ground inclination on kinetics during the golf approach in KPGA golfers. The results of this study are as follows. First, the GRF(Fr) of the right leg according to the ground inclination was significantly different in E1 and E4, and 10 ° showed greater force than 0 °. The GRF of the left leg showed a significant difference in E1 and E3 and showed a greater force at 0 ° than 10 °. Second, right biceps according to the ground inclination showed significant difference in E2, and 10 ° showed higher muscle activity than 0 °. Left biceps showed significant difference in E1, E2, and E4, and and 0 ° showed higher muscle activity than 10 °. Third, the muscle activity of the right lateral gastrocnemius muscle according to the ground inclination showed significant difference in E2 and E3, and the 10 ° showed higher muscle activity than the 0 °. The muscle activity of the left lateral gastrocnemius was significantly different in E1, E2, and E3, and the 10 ° showed higher muscle activity than the 0 °. Fourth, the muscle activity of the right tibialis anterior muscle according to the ground inclination showed significant difference in E2, E3, and E4, and the 10 ° showed higher muscle activity than the 0 °. The muscle activity of the left tibialis anterior muscle was significantly different in E4, and the 10 ° showed higher muscle activity than the 0 °. Fifth, the muscle activity of the right vastus medialis muscle according to the ground inclination showed significant difference in all the events. The muscle activity of the left vastus medialis muscle was not significantly different.

본 연구는 간호사의 치매케어 관련 지식, 치매에 대한 태도 및 치매간호 접근법에 대해 조사하고 관련 변수 를 파악하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. P시에 소재한 G 병원의 남·녀 간호사 202명을 대상으로 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 자료를 수집하였다. 연구결과 대상자의 치매케어 관련 지식은 11.02점, 치매에 대한 태도는 40.15점이었으 며 치매간호 접근법은 7.90점이었다. 치매케어 관련 지식은 성별(t=-2.424, p<.05)과 교육수준(F=2.932, p<.05) 그리고 근무병동(F=2.268, p<.05)에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 치매케어 관련 지식은 치매에 대한 태도와 유의한 양의 상관관계(r=.162, p<.05)가 있었으며, 치매케어 관련 지식에 영향을 미치는 변수는 응급실(β =-1.568)과 중환자실(β=-1.682)이었다. 본 연구결과 치매환자에게 질 높은 간호를 제공하기 위해서는 치매케어 지식 의 향상과 치매에 대한 긍정적인 태도를 향상시키기 위한 융복합적인 교육프로그램의 개발이 필요하다.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among dementia care knowledge, attitudes toward to dementia and approach to dementia care of nurses. The participants were 202 nurses in G hospital of P city. The mean score of dementia care knowledge was 11.02, attitude toward dementia was 40.15 and approach to dementia care was 7.90. The dementia care knowledge was significant difference for sex(t=-2.424, P<.05), education level(F=2.932, P<.05) and work unit(F=2.268, P<.05). The dementia care knowledge was positively correlated with attitude toward to dementia(r=.162,P<.05 ). The predictors of dementia care knowledge were Emergence Room(β=-1.568, p<.05) and Intensive Care Unit(β=-1.682, p<.05). The result suggest that it is necessary to develop convergence education program to improve dementia care knowledge and attitudes toward to dementia to give high quality nursing care for patients with dementia.

This thesis attempts to investigate and analyse the architectural characteristics of catholic churches in Gangwon province built in the 1950s. Catholic churches built at that time in Korea had many similarities basically since they were supported by UN forces after the Korean War and were established by priests connected to the Missionary Society of St. Columban. The results of study are as follows. In location, Except one catholic church, the catholic churches preferred low and gentle hill. In layout axis, catholic churches at Youngseo area preferred the north-south layout axis, whereas those at Youngdong favor the east-west layout axis. In approach, most of catholic churches around the Youngseo and Youngdong areas preferred entering the front entrance with a bell tower, whereas three of them at Youngdong did entering the front entrance with a bell tower around the rear corner. In floor plan, catholic churches at Youngseo preferred symmetry, whereas those at Youngdong preferred asymmetry. And every floor plan of catholic churches is rectangular type with transepts except one semicircular type. In apse shape, catholic churches in the Youngseo area preferred non-extruded types like a straight wall, whereas those in Youngdong have extruded types. Every catholic churches have no crypt under ground except one at Gangreung. Except one at Sokcho, every catholic church in this study has choir space in half story.

전 세계적으로 급속하게 증가하는 항공교통량으로 인해 ICAO는 기존의 항행장비를 위성항법 기반으로 대체해 나가고 있으며, 이의 일환으로 기존의 ILS를 이용한 이착륙 서비스를 GBAS 로 대체할 계획을 수립 하였다. GBAS는 활주로까지 항공기를 유도하는 정밀 접근 서비스와 공항 주위의 정밀위치정보 서비스를 제공하는 위성항법 보강시스템을 이용하여 ILS와 달리 한 개의 시스템으로 활주로의 수에 관계없이 요구 성능을 제공할 수 있으며 curved approach가 가능하다는 장점을 보유하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 태안비행장 비행시험을 통한 ILS접근 절차와 GBAS curved approach절차를 비교하여 비행시간 단축 및 연료 감소효과를 분석하였으며 실제 비행시험을 통하여 이를 측정 확인 하였다.

Due to the rapid increase in air traffic worldwide, ICAO has replaced the existing navigation equipment with equipment based on satellite navigation. As a part of that work, ICAO was planning to replace conventional takeoff and landing service using ILS with GBAS. Unlike ILS, GBAS which uses precision approach service inducing aircraft to airport and satellite based augmentation system providing precise position information service surrounding airport is capable of providing a required performance by only a system, regardless of the number of systems, and has an advantage that it is possible curved approach. In this paper, fuel reduction of ILS approach procedures and GBAS curved approach procedures is estimated and determined by flight test in Taean Airport.

현재 사용 중인 계기착륙장치(ILS)는 시스템 특성상 동시에 다수의 입항하는 항공기가 사용하기 어렵고, 활주로 방향별로 장비들이 설치되어야 한다. 또한 착륙하는 항공기들이 일정한 구역에서 단일 비행경로만으로 착륙절차가 구성되어야 한다는 한계점이 있다. 이에 항공 교통량이 증가하게 된다면 입항하는 항공기들의 체공 시간이 더욱 증가하게 될 것이다. 이러한 한계점을 보완하기 위해 GNSS를 이용한 착륙시설로 GBAS가 개발 되었다. 본 논문에서는 비행시험 전 시뮬레이터를 이용하여 태안 비행장에서 실제 사용 하고 있는 항공기 착륙절차와 Curved approach를 이용한 절차를 비교 하였다. 비교 결과 Curved approach 절차를 이용하게 되면 기존절차보다 비행시간이 감소되어 연료 및 소음공역회피 등과 같은 효과가 일어 날 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Current ILS is difficult for the many aircraft to access to the system at the same time because of it's system. And the equipments should be installed at the direction of every runway. Also, There is limitation that landing procedures must be have of only ILS single course when the aircraft land on the ground. hereupon, The more air traffic exist, the longer delay time of flight be. GBAS using the GNSS has been developed to overcome those limitations. Before flight test in Teean airport, this paper compares the taean approach procedure and curved approach procedure by using the simulator. Comparison study shows that curved approach procedure takes less flight time, low fuel consumpsion and make it possible to avoid noise airspace more than original procedure.

연구에서는 Q방법론을 적용해 6개 기관의 장애인복지관 종사자 28명을 대상으로 자산기반실천에 대해 어떻게 인식하고 있는지 탐색하였다. 연구결과, 4가지 유형이 확인되었고 이를 각각 제도 중시형(1유형), 조직 중시형(2유형), 개인역량 중시형(3유형), 지역사회 중시형(4유형)으로 명명하였다. 자산접근실천에 대한 인식이 각 유형에 따라 공적영역과 연결, 개인의 역량 강화, 조직문화의 변화, 지역사회 참여기회 제공 등 각각의 실천에 대한 관점은 조금씩 차이가 있으나 장애당사자가 지역사회 시민으로서 살아갈 수 있도록 가족 이외에 다양한 지원그룹들을 발굴하고 연결시킬 필요가 있다는 것을 보여주고 있다.

In this study, Q methodology was applied to explore how 28 employees of welfare centers for the disabled in 6 institutions perceived their perceptions of asset-based practice. As a result of the study, four types were identified, and they were named institution-oriented type (type 1), organization-oriented type (type 2), individual competency-oriented type (type 3), and community-oriented type (type 4). Perception of asset access practice differs slightly from each type, such as linking with the public sphere, strengthening individual capacity, changing organizational culture, and providing opportunities to participate in the community, but the disabled person as a citizen of the community. It shows that it is necessary to discover and connect various support groups besides family so that they can live.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify effects of the variables of Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) Model on physical activity. Methods: This study has conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Sixteen articles were searched through electronic databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of science, Science Direct, RISS, KMBASE, KoreaMed, KISS, DBpia) and additional journals from 2000 to July, 2017. To estimate the effect size (ES), the meta-analysis of the studies was performed by using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis programs. Results: The overall effect size of the variables of HAPA on physical activity was median (ES=.28). Of the core variables of HAPA model, action control (ES=.43) showed the largest effect size, followed by coping self-efficacy (ES=.31) and planning (ES=.31).Additional variables were identified as preparatory behavior (ES=.39) and past physical activity (ES=.24). Through the moderator effect analysis, the effect size was higher in the volitional phase than in the motivational phase, and higher in the healthy group than in the patient group. The higher the proportion of males and the lower the age, the larger the effect size. Conclusion: This finding shows empirical evidence that all core variables of the HAPA model are useful for predicting physical activity. We propose the use of the HAPA model to develop physical activity promotion intervention.

This paper proposes an approach for visualizing research trends using theme maps and extra information. The proposed algorithm includes the following steps. First, text mining is used to construct a vector space of keywords. Second, correspondence analysis is employed to reduce high-dimensionality and to express relationships between documents and keywords. Third, kernel density estimation is applied in order to generate three-dimensional data that can show the concentration of the set of documents. Fourth, a cartographical concept is adapted for visualizing research trends. Finally, relative vitalization information is provided for more accurate research trend analysis. The algorithm of the proposed approach is tested using papers about Traditional Korean Medicine.

The demand for high-quality images is rapidly increasing because of the large number of medical images captured daily. However, these images are often degraded by noise, leading to a reduced visual quality. Therefore, the need for methods that can reduce noise without compromising image quality is growing. Although various noise reduction techniques have been proposed, each method has its own advantages and limitations. This paper reviews traditional filtering methods such as median filtering, weighted median filtering, and total variation regularization. We then combine these methods to create a hybrid filtering technique. Finally, we compare the performance of traditional methods with that of our proposed hybrid approach and evaluate their effectiveness based on the characteristics of each technique. The results highlight the strengths of the proposed method and its potential for improving medical image quality while reducing noise.

A Distributed reflection denial of service (DRDoS) is a variant of DDoS attacks that threatens the availability of services to legitimate users. In response to this evolving threat landscape, the cybersecurity industry and service providers have intensified their efforts to develop effective countermeasures. Despite these efforts, attackers continue to innovate, developing new strategies and tools while becoming more sophisticated. Consequently, DRDoS attacks continue to be harmful. Therefore, ongoing research and development is essential to improve defense against DRDoS attacks. To advance our understanding and analysis of DRDoS attacks, this study examines the unique characteristics of DRDoS attacks and quantifies the risks involved. Additionally, it adopts a quantitative rather than traditional qualitative methods to derive and apply risk, particularly the probability of loss that can be caused by DRDoS attacks.

The development of information technology is bringing many changes to everyday life, and machine learning can be used as a technique to solve a wide range of real-world problems. Analysis and utilization of data are essential processes in applying machine learning to real-world problems. As a method of processing data in machine learning, we propose an approach based on applying multiple linear regression models by interlacing data to the task of classifying similar software. Linear regression is widely used in estimation problems to model the relationship between input and output data. In our approach, multiple linear regression models are generated by training on interlaced feature data. A combination of these multiple models is then used as the prediction model for classifying similar software. Experiments are performed to evaluate the proposed approach as compared to conventional linear regression, and the experimental results show that the proposed method classifies similar software more accurately than the conventional model. We anticipate the proposed approach to be applied to various kinds of classification problems to improve the accuracy of conventional linear regression.

PURPOSE: This study aims to reveal the prevalence, therapeutic efficacy and undesirable side effects of cupping therapy all over the world from past to present. METHODS: This meta-analysis is based on the data obtained by scanning the keyword "cupping therapy" from the Pub-Med system, which is an international database. The date range has been set as 1950-2019. Local databases were not included. Cupping therapy studies combined with other complementary therapies such as acupuncture, moxa and hirudotherapy are also included in the meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 381 scientific studies were found on cupping therapy. Of these studies 127 wererandomized controlled trials (RCSs). Cupping treatment has been found effective in studies of painful conditions such as herpes zoster pain, fibromyalgia, back pain, neck pain, headache and acute injury pain. In addition, the effectiveness of cupping therapy was found to be high in studies related to bone / muscular system diseases such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, gout, carpal tunnel syndrome, cervical spondylosis. In addition, cupping treatment is also promising in studies on skin diseases, neurological diseases, respiratory system diseases and cardiovascular system diseases. CONCLUSION: Recently, there has been an increase in the number of RCSs related to cupping therapy. The vast majority of this increase has been made in European and American countries rather than in Far Eastern countries. Studies on cupping therapy, which have been and will be carried out in the future, will provide evidence-based indication of whether cupping therapy is effective. and it will allow more patients to benefit from this treatment, which has a very low rate of side effects and complications.

The library provides its services to satisfy the user's approach. Naturally, the development of library services may determine by considering the satisfaction of users. It traces users' perceptions regarding subject access highlighting problems in the retrieval of Bengali documents by subject. This study has designed to assess users' attitudes towards the retrievals of Bengali documents in OPAC through subject headings. For a collection of data, a representative sample has drawn from a large and heterogeneous population consisting of users in university libraries of West Bengal using a stratified sampling technique. Subsequently, under each of the universities, users' community was stratified into students, research scholars, and faculty members. Under each stratum, the sample selected on a random basis. The users met personally to collect relevant data, while they came to the library and went on to search OPAC. A structured schedule, prepared for the purpose, was presented before library users and consequently, interviews and interpretations recorded systematically. In this manner, several factors have identified concerning subject searching and retrieval performance for Bengali documents. This study explores the access using subject headings in multilingual information retrieval systems. Moreover, the suitability of subject headings for retrieval of Bengali resources has ascertained from the users' point of view. The findings demand standard principles and rules for the construction of Bengali subject headings to maintain uniformity and consistency.

Movie ratings are crucial for recommendation engines that track the behavior of all users and utilize the information to suggest items the users might like. It is intuitively appealing that information about the viewing preferences in terms of movie genres is sufficient for predicting a genre of an unlabeled movie. In order to predict movie genres, we treat ratings as a feature vector, apply a Bernoulli event model to estimate the likelihood of a movie being assigned a certain genre, and evaluate the posterior probability of the genre of a given movie by using the Bayes rule. The goal of the proposed technique is to efficiently use movie ratings for the task of predicting movie genres. In our approach, we attempted to answer the question: "Given the set of users who watched a movie, is it possible to predict the genre of a movie on the basis of its ratings?" The simulation results with MovieLens 1M data demonstrated the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed technique, achieving an 83.8% prediction rate for exact prediction and 84.8% when including correlated genres.

We investigated how bibliometric indicators such as publication count and citation count affect the assessment of research performance by computing various bibliometric scores of the works of Korean LIS faculty members and comparing the rankings by those scores. For the study data, we used the publication and citation data of 159 tenure-track faculty members of Library and Information Science departments in 34 Korean universities. The study results showed correlation between publication count and citation count for authors with many publications but the opposite evidence for authors with few publications. The study results suggest that as authors publish more and more work, citations to their work tend to increase along with publication count. However, for junior faculty members who have not yet accumulated enough publications, citations to their work are of great importance in assessing their research performance. The study data also showed that there are marked differences in the magnitude of citations between papers published in Korean journals and papers published in international journals.

In order to reuse a register transfer level (RTL)-based IP block, it takes another architectural exploration in which the RTL will be put, and it also takes virtual platforms to develop the driver and applications software. Due to the increasing demands of new technology, the hardware and software complexity of organizing embedded systems is growing rapidly. Accordingly, the traditional design methodology cannot stand up forever to designing complex devices. In this paper, I introduce an electronic system level (ESL)-based approach to designing complex hardware with a derivative of SystemVerilog. I adopted the concept of reuse with higher levels of abstraction of the ESL language than traditional HDLs to design multiplication server farms. Using the concept of ESL, I successfully implemented server farms as well as a test bench in one simulation environment. It would have cost a number of Verilog/C simulations if I had followed the traditional way, which would have required much more time and effort.

Locating text data in images automatically has been a challenging task. In this approach, we build a three stage system for text detection purpose. This system utilizes tensor voting and Completed Local Binary Pattern (CLBP) to classify text and non-text regions. While tensor voting generates the text line information, which is very useful for localizing candidate text regions, the Nearest Neighbor classifier trained on discriminative features obtained by the CLBP-based operator is used to refine the results. The whole algorithm is implemented in MATLAB and applied to all images of ICDAR 2011 Robust Reading Competition data set. Experiments show the promising performance of this method.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the fatty acid profiles in 18 soybean cultivars grown in Korea. A total of eleven fatty acids were identified in the sample set, which was comprised of myristic (C14:0), palmitic (C16:0), palmitoleic (C16:1, ${\omega}7$), stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1, ${\omega}9$), linoleic (C18:2, ${\omega}6$), linolenic (C18:3, ${\omega}3$), arachidic (C20:0), gondoic (C20:1, ${\omega}9$), behenic (C22:0), and lignoceric (C24:0) acids by gas-liquid chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Based on their color, yellow-, black-, brown-, and green-colored cultivars were denoted. Correlation coefficients (r) between the nine major fatty acids identified (two trace fatty acids, myristic and palmitoleic, were not included in the study) were generated and revealed an inverse association between oleic and linoleic acids (r=-0.94, p<0.05), while stearic acid was positively correlated to arachidic acid (r=0.72, p<0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) of the fatty acid data yielded four significant principal components (PCs; i.e., eigenvalues>1), which together account for 81.49% of the total variance in the data set; with PC1 contributing 28.16% of the total. Eigen analysis of the correlation matrix loadings of the four significant PCs revealed that PC1 was mainly contributed to by oleic, linoleic, and gondoic acids, PC2 by stearic, linolenic and arachidic acids, PC3 by behenic and lignoceric acids, and PC4 by palmitic acid. The score plots generated between PC1-PC2 and PC3-PC4 segregated soybean cultivars based on fatty acid composition.