Earticle

Background: Antihistamine and anti-allergy medications are widely used during pregnancy. Reading label information isone of the easiest ways to get safety information. But there are content gaps among countries. Objective: To compare therisk level and the recommendation level of antihistamine/anti-allergy drug’s label information in pregnant women amongKorea, the USA, the UK, and Japan. Method: Study drugs of antihistamine/anti-allergy medications were selected accordingto Korea drug classification codes. Based on the label information of selected product, risk level was classified into 5categories as follows: ‘Definite’, ‘Probable’, ‘Possible’, and ‘Unlikely’, ‘Unclassified’ according to the level of evidence. Recommendation level was classified into 4 categories as follows: ‘Contraindicated’, ‘Cautious’, ‘Compatible’, and‘Unclassified’. Frequency and proportion were presented according to the each category. To estimate agreement of eachcategory among 4 countries, percent agreement and kappa (k) coefficient were calculated. Results: Total 13 drug ingredientswere selected for antihistamine/anti-allergy medications. In risk level, Korea (46%) and Japan (69%) were mostly classifiedin the category of ‘Unclassified’, but ‘Unlikely’ category was more frequent in the UK (62%) and the USA (46%). In recommendation level, the proportion of ‘Contraindicated’ was highest in Korea (46%) compared to other countries. Incontrast, the category of ‘Cautious’ was 77%-85% in the USA, the UK, and Japan. The percent agreement for risk levelwas highest in the USA-UK (54%). The recommendation level of Korea-USA showed lowest agreement for percent agreement(46%) and kappa coefficient (k=0.02). Conclusion: We confirmed the differences among safety information providedby four different countries. ‘Contraindicated’ was more likely in Korea compared with other countries.

목적: 가속용매추출법(accelerated solvent extraction, ASE)은 고온·고압 조건에서 용매를 사용하여 목표 성분을 신속하게 추출할 수 있는 첨단 기술로, 높은 효율성과 재현성을 바탕으로 최적화된 추출법 개발에 유용한 도구로 활용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 약리학적 효능으로 알려진 전통 한약재인 적하수오(Polygonum multiflorum)의 ASE와 기존의 환류용매추출법(reflux solvent extraction, RSE)을 비교하여 추출 효율 및 생리활성을 평가하였다. 방법: 적하수오 뿌리를 다양한 농도의 에탄올을 용매로 하여 ASE 조건에서 추출하였으며, 우수한 항산화 활성을 나타내는 추출물을 선별하였다. 이후, B16F10 흑색종 세포를 이용하여 멜라닌 합성 저해 효과를 평가하였고, RBL-2H3 비만세포에서 β-헥소사미니다아제 분비 억제를 통해 항알레르기 활성을 검증하였다. 결과: ASE 및 RSE로 얻은 적하수오 추출물 모두 항산화 활성을 보였다. 특히 ASE로 제조한 70% 및 100% 에탄올 추출물은 모든 시료 중 가장 높은 항산화 활성을 나타냈다. 또한 ASE 추출물은 RSE에 비해 우수한 항당화 효과와 티로시나아제 저해 활성, 그리고 B16F10 세포에서의 멜라닌 생성 억제 효과를 보였다. 또한 ASE 추출물도 β-헥소사미니다아제 분비를 유의하게 억제하여 항알레르기 잠재 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 결론: ASE와 RSE 방법을 이용하여 적하수오 뿌리의 항산화, 미백, 항히스타민 억제 활성을 비교 평가한 결과, ASE는 기존 환류추출법에 비해 경제적이고 환경친화적이며 효율적인 추출기법으로 제안될 수 있음 을확인하였다.

Purpose: Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) is an advanced technique that enables the rapid extraction of active compounds using solvents under high temperature and pressure. Due to its high efficiency and reproducibility, ASE acts as a good tool for optimized extraction methods. In this study, we compared the extraction efficiency and biological activity of Polygonum multiflorum, a traditional medicinal herb renowned for its many pharmacological properties, using ASE and conventional reflux solvent extraction (RSE). Methods: P. multiflorum root was extracted at various ethanol concentrations using ASE, and extracts exhibiting superior antioxidant activity were identified. Thereafter, the inhibitory effects on melanin synthesis were evaluated in B16F10 melanoma cells, while the anti-allergic potential was assessed based on the reduction of β-hexosaminidase release from RBL-2H3 mast cells. Results: Extracts obtained through both ASE and RSE exhibited antioxidant activity. Notably, the 70% and 100% ethanol extracts prepared using ASE demonstrated the highest antioxidant potential among all extracts. Additionally, ASE extracts showed superior anti-glycation and tyrosinase inhibitory activity and greater inhibition of melanin synthesis in B16F10 melanoma cells compared with RSE. Furthermore, ASE treatment statistically inhibited β-hexosaminidase release, indicating its potential anti-allergic effect. Conclusion: The antioxidant, skin whitening, and antihistamine inhibitory effects of P. multiflorum roots were evaluated using both ASE and RSE methods. Overall, ASE can be suggested as a more economical, environmentally sustainable, and efficient extraction technique than conventional reflux extraction.

目的: 加速溶剂萃取(accelerated solvent extraction, ASE)是一种先进的提取技术，可在高温高压条件下利用溶 剂快速提取活性成分。由于其具有高效率和高重复性，ASE被认为是优化提取工艺的有效工具。本研究以具有 多种药理活性的传统药用植物何首乌(Polygonum multiflorum )为研究对象，比较ASE与传统回流溶剂提取法 (reflux solvent extraction, RSE)的提取效率及生物活性。方法: 采用ASE在不同乙醇浓度条件下提取何首乌根， 并筛选出具有优异抗氧化活性的提取物。随后，在B16F10黑色素瘤细胞中评价其对黑色素生成的抑制作用；同 时，通过检测RBL-2H3肥大细胞中β-己糖胺苷酶(β-hexosaminidase)释放量的变化，评估其抗过敏潜力。结果: ASE和RSE获得的提取物均表现出抗氧化活性。其中，采用ASE制备的70%和100%乙醇提取物显示出最高的抗 氧化能力。此外，与RSE相比，ASE提取物表现出更优异的抗糖化活性和酪氨酸酶抑制活性，并且在B16F10黑 色素瘤细胞中对黑色素生成具有更显著的抑制作用。同时，ASE提取物还能显著抑制β-己糖胺苷酶的释放，表明 其具有潜在的抗过敏作用。结论: 本研究采用ASE和RSE两种提取方法评价了何首乌根的抗氧化、美白及抗组胺 相关活性。综合来看，与传统回流提取法相比，ASE是一种更经济、更环保且更高效的提取技术，具有广阔的应 用前景。

This study wascarried out to compare the medicinal effects of various Ganoderma species mycelial extracts. Among 6 Ganoderma species mycelial extracts by using 100% MeOH, G. species ASI-7150 showed the highest antioxidant effect. In nitric oxide (NO) production and -hexosaminidase release inhibition assay, the treatment of G. lucidum ATCC64251 (Taiwan) mycelia extracts most effectively inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and -hexosaminidase release. In addition, the treatment of all 6 Ganoderma species mycelial extracts were not affect on RAW264.7 cell viability. Although this preliminary research has thrown up many questions in need of further investigation, it will serve as a base for further studies of medicinal effects of various Ganoderma species.

For evaluating the anti-allergy activity of mushrooms, forty two mushroom extracts were studied their inhibitory activities on the IgE-mediated degranulation in rat basophilic leukemia cell line (RBL-2H3 cell). Effects of mushroom extracts on the release of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and beta-hexosaminidase, and the cell viability of the IgE-sensitized were measured. From the analysis, five mushroom extracts such as the water extract from Flammulina velutipes (Curt.:Fr.) Sing showed the suppressive activities on IL-4 release as 20%. Eight extracts including the water extract of Ganoserma lucidum showed the suppressive activities on β-hexosaminidase release as 20%. Almost all of the extracts stimulated the proliferation of RBL-2H3 cell. The water extracts of Flammulina velutipes and Phellinus linteus were examined against the inhibitory activity in the production of IL-4 and β-hexosaminidase. Additionally, the extracts from Ganoserma lucidum, Isaria japonica, Phellinus linteus and Pleurotus ostreatus inhibited dose-dependently on β-hexosaminidase production. In conclusion, the result suggests that the mushrooms with the potent inhibitory efficacies on the degranulation of the mast cell would be candidate resources for the anti-allergy resources, and thus need to study for their utilization.

Human basophilic KU812F cells play an important role in allergic reactions. In the present study, the effect of solvent fractions from Ishige okamurae on allergic response was examined by measuring histamine release, cytokine production, and FcεRI expression in human basophilic KU812F cells. Among solvent fractions from I. okamurae, more than 70% of the degranulation of KU812F cells was inhibited by n-hexane and EtOAc (Ethyl acetate) fractions. In addition, n-hexane and EtOAc fractions inhibited the increased IL-4 and IL-13 production and expression. RT-PCR and western blot analysis revealed that n-hexane and EtOAc fractions reduced the regulation of FcεRI α, β and γ chains. Therefore, I. okamurae may exert its anti-allergic activity through negative-regulation of FcεRI expression, inhibiting IL-4 and IL-13 productions and expressions, and decreasing histamine release. Furthermore, we isolated and quantified the polyunsaturated fatty acids from EtOAc fraction with the highest anti-allergy activity as candidate components for anti-allergic activity. These results suggest that I. okamurae exert potent anti-allergic activity, and it could be effectively used in production of anti-allergic pharmaceuticals and cosmaceuticals.

Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (AR) is used in traditional oriental medicine for various medicinal purposes. However, the exact mechanism that accounts for the anti-allergy and anti-inflammatory effects of the AR is still not fully understood. The aim of The present study is to elucidate whether and how AR modulates the allergic reactions in vivo, and inflammatory reaction in vitro. In this study, we showed that AR significantly decreased compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis, paw oedema, and histamine release from preparation of rat peritoneal mast cells. Also, AR inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokine in PMA plus A23187-stimulated human mast cells (HMC-1). In addition, we showed that anti-inflammatory mechanism of AR is through suppression of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ activation $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$degradation. These results provided new insight into the pharmacological actions of AR as a potential molecule for therapy of inflammatory allergic diseases.

The anti-allergy activity of Cinnamomum cassia cortex extract and its fractions were investigated in mice. The extract exhibited potent anaphylactic shock and Arthus reaction. Among the fractions obtained in the successive fractionation with n-hexane, butanol and acetone, the butanol insoluble portion was shown to have the activities.

인진호탕(茵蔯蒿湯)은 한의학에서 여러 가지 질환에 사용되어 왔다. 특히 간경의 습열(濕熱)로 인한 질환에 습열을 제거함으로써 증(證)의 완화에 많은 응용이 되어 왔다. 본 연구는 습열(濕熱)로 인한 질환중의 하나인 아토피 피부염에 그동안 응용이 적은 인진호탕(茵蔯蒿湯)을 실험적으로 응용함으로써 임상적인 가치를 가질 수 있는 지에 대한 기초연구를 진행하였다. 본 실험에 사용된 세포주는 rat leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells로 인진호탕(茵蔯蒿湯)은 알레르기와 관련된 사이토카인인 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$, interleukin (IL)-4를 용량의존적으로 억제하였지만 세포독성은 일으키지 않았다. 그리고 동물실험에서 인진호탕(茵蔯蒿湯)은 PCA반응에서 충분한 억제효과를 나타내었다. 또한 Compound 48/80으로 유도된 anaphylaxis shock도 용량 의존적으로 억제함이 밝혀졌다.

The term allergy was originally defined by Clemens Yon Pirquet as ‘an altered capacity of the body to react to foreign substance’, which was an extremely board definition that included all immunological reactions. Allergy is now defined in a much more restricted manner as ‘disease following an immune response to an otherwise innocuous antigen’. Allergy is a member of a class of immune responses that have been termed hypersensitivity reactions; these are harmful immune responses that produce tissue injury and may cause serious disease. (omitted)

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of Seunggal-tang gamibang (SGT) on the PMA plus A23187-induced RBL-2H3 cells. Methods The effect of SGT on ${\beta}$ -hexosamonidase release, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, $TNF-{\alpha}$ production and IL-4 secretion was studied. Results SGT inhibited the release of ${\beta}$ -hexosamonidase in RBL-2H3, without affecting cell viability. The passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) was inhibited by the SGT. Moreover SGT also reduced production of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and secretion of IL-4 in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions SGT has anti-allergy effects on the RBL-2H3 cells.

Immediate-type hypersensitivity is involved in many allergic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis and anaphylaxis. The discovery of drugs for the treatment of allergic disease is an important subject in human health. Stimulation of mast cells releases inflammatory mediators, such as histamine and pro-inflammatory cytokines with immune regulatory properties. We investigated the effect of the aqueous extract of Schizonepeta tenuifolia (AEST) (Labiatae) on the immediate-type allergic reaction. AEST inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic allergic reaction. AEST attenuated immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated skin allergic reaction and histamine release from human mast cell line (HMC-1) cells. In addition, AEST decreased the gene expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus calcium ionophore A23187 (A23187)-stimulated HMC-1 cells. Our results indicate that AEST inhibits the mast cell-derived allergic reactions and involvement of histamine and pro-inflammatory cytokines in these effects.

본 연구에서는 고장초 줄기 ethanol 추출물 5종(10, 30, 50, 70, 90% Z. latifolia ethanol extract)에 대한 다양한 효능을 평가하여 원료제조를 위한 추출 조건을 최적화하고자 하였다. Z. latifolia ethanol extracts의 항산화능 평가결과, ethanol의 함량이 증가함에 따라 DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼에 대한 $RC_{50}$ 값은 감소하여 소거능이 증가함을 확인하였다. Z. latifolia ethanol extracts의 항염증 평가 결과, ethanol의 함량이 증가함에 따라 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)로 처리한 RAW 264.7에서 nitric oxide (NO)의 생성 억제능이 농도의존적으로 증가되는 경향을 확인하였으며, $250{\mu}g/ml$의 농도에서의 NO 생성능 비교 시, 15.69, 14.13, 11.86, 8.64, $10.09{\mu}M$로 70% Z. latifolia ethanol extract에서 가장 높은 NO 억제 활성을 나타냈다. Z. latifolia ethanol extracts의 항알러지 효능을 평가하기 위하여 RBL-2H3 세포를 IgE-항원으로 활성화 시킨 결과, 10% Z. latifolia ethanol extract의 ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$ 방출 억제효과는 나타나지 않았으나, 30% Z. latifolia ethanol extract부터 농도의존적으로 ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$의 방출 억제효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 특히, $100{\mu}g/ml$ 추출물 처리 시 ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$ 방출은 각각 94.20, 57.10, 46.70, 36.38, 27.45%로 90% Z. latifolia ethanol extract의 항알러지 활성이 가장 우수하였다. Z. latifolia ethanol extracts의 미백 효능 평가 결과, ethanol 함량이 증가함에 따라 멜라닌 생성 억제 효과도 증가함을 확인할 수 있었으며, 특히 $500{\mu}g/ml$ 농도의 70%, 90% Z. latifolia ethanol extracts의 멜라닌 생성 억제능은 양성대조군인 arbutin ($250{\mu}M$)과 비슷한 효과를 나타내었다. 본 연구 결과, Z. latifolia ethanol extracts는 세포 독성이 없으며 피부 보호 효능과 관련된 다양한 활성이 우수함을 확인하였다. 이러한 원료 제조 조건에 대한 활성 결과는 향후 피부건강을 위한 기능성 식품 원료 제조를 위한 기초 결과로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

This study was performed to evaluate the anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergy, and whitening effects of Zizania latifolia ethanol extracts prepared from 5 different ethanol concentrations (10, 30, 50, 70, and 90%). As the ethanol concentration in the extraction solvent was increased, the radical scavenging activities also increased. The inhibitory activity of Z. latifolia ethanol extracts on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells tended to increase as the content of ethanol increased. The highest inhibitory activity was obtained with 70% ethanol extract. The antiallergy effects of Z. latifolia ethanol extracts were tested by measuring the release of ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$ in IgE-sensitized RBL-2H3 cells. The suppressive effect of Z. latifolia ethanol extracts increased in a dose-dependent manner as the proportion of ethanol increased, except for the 10% ethanol extract. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of Z. latifolia ethanol extracts against melanin production in ${\alpha}-melanocyte$ stimulated hormone (MSH)-stimulated B16F0 cells increased as the ethanol ratio increased, and 70 and 90% ethanol extracts showed similar inhibitory activities to arbutin, a positive control, at $250{\mu}m$. The present study confirmed the efficacy of Z. latifolia ethanol extracts in various areas, demonstrating antioxidative, anti-inflammation, antiallergy, skin protective, and skin whitening effects, with no cytotoxicity. It could be used as a raw material in functional foods, as well as in cosmetics.

본 연구는 국내에서 채취시기가 다른 재래종 찻잎을 이용하여 일반성분, 항산화, 염증 억제, 면역 활성, 그리고 항알러지 효과를 측정하였다. 채취시기에 따른 일반성분 함량은 유사한 경향을 나타냈으며, 무기질 함량은 2014년 추차 K (1058.078 mg/100 g), Ca (593.58 mg/100 g), Mg (232.04 mg/100 g), Fe (28.85 mg/100 g), Zn (1.50 mg/100 g), Mn (9.33 mg/100 g)을 나타내었다. 총 카테킨 함량은 대조구인 춘차보다 추차에서 높게 나타났으며, 추차의 경우EGCG 함량이 27.401 μg/mL로 가장 높게 나타내었으며, 총 폴리페놀 함량은 2016년 춘차 382.4 mg/100 mL, 2016 년 추차 234.36 mg/100 mL, 2014년 추차 285.8 mg/100 mL 로 2016년 춘차의 총 폴리페놀 함량에 비해 각각 61.0%, 74.7%로 낮은 함량으로 측정되었다. DPPH radical 소거 활성에서는 ascorbic acid 소거 활성 비교 시 각 시료(1,000 ppm)에서 92.8%의 소거 활성을 나타내며, ABTS radical 소거 활성은 ascorbic acid의 소거 활성과 비교 시 90.8%의소거 활성을 나타내었다. SOD 유사 활성은 20.13∼ 29.23% (처리 농도 1,000 ppm)로 유사한 활성을 나타냈다. 대식세포를 이용한 항염증 효과 평가 결과, LPS를 처리한대식세포에 대한 각 시료의 농도에 따른 세포 독성은 나타나지 않았으며, NO 생성 억제 효과는 농도 의존적으로 증가하였으며, 그 중 2016년 추차가 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었다(500 μg/mL의 농도에서의 NO 생성 비교 시 각각 18.4, 22.4 및 21.4 μM). 대식세포에 대한 면역증강 효능 평가 결과, 2014년 추차에서 가장 좋은 효능을 나타내며 (1,000 μ g/mL의 농도에서 NO 비교 시 각각 8.65, 5.71 및 11.87 μ M), 비만세포의 항알러지 결과, 춘차와 추차 모두 비슷한β-hexosaminidase 방출 억제 효능을 가졌다. 이상의 결과로, EGCG의 함량은 면역 활성에 영향을 주며, 전체caffeine과 catechin의 함량은 항산화, 염증 억제에 탁월한효능을 지님을 알 수 있었다. 하지만, 항산화 활성이 좋은물질의 함량의 차이에 따른 알러지 억제는 차이를 보이지않았다. 위 결과를 토대로 제한적인 채취시기를 가졌던 찻잎의 활용성을 높일 수 있으며, 추차의 가공품 개발의 기초자료로 제시하고자 한다.

In this study, we investigated the general contents, mineral contents, caffeine and catechin contents, and anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, immune enhancement, and anti-allergic effect of tea extract depending on the harvest season (spring and autumn) and harvest year (2014 and 2016). Autumn tea extract (2014) had significantly higher total caffeine and catechin contents than the spring tea extract (2016) and the autumn tea extract (2016). All of the tea extracts (1,000 ppm) had higher DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activities and SOD activity than ascorbic acid. In the assay of anti-inflammatory effect of the tea extracts using LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, the spring tea (2016), autumn tea (2016), and autumn tea (2014) extracts had no cytotoxicity at a concentration of 1000 μg/mL, and the NO production was dramatically decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, the immune enhancement of the autumn tea (2014) extract was higher activity than that of the other extracts because of its higher EGCG content. In the analysis of anti-allergic activity, all of the tea extracts exhibited similar levels of β-hexosaminidase release inhibition. Taken together, the results confirmed the various beneficial effects of tea leaves which are dependent on the harvesting time and this study provides the basic data for the development of processed products.

This study investigated the effects of mycelia of Lentinus edodes mushroom-cultured Glycyrrihiza radix(LMG) on cancer cell lines and sarcoma 180(S-180), as well as on human mast cells. In an anti-cancer tests using Hep3B(hepatic cancer cell), MCF-7(breast cancer), and HeLa(uterine cancer) cells, LMG extract exhibited greater anti-proliferation effects than Glycyrrihiza glabra(GG) extract. LMG extract multiplication restraining effects were 60% that of ethanol at 3 mg/mL extract also displayed tumor suppressive effects in mice injected with S-180 cells. The growth-inhibition rates against tumor cells were 56% for LMG and 37% for GG. When LMG was added to human mast cells, the Intensity of RT-PCR products using primers($FC{\varepsilon}RI\;c-kit$) decreased. significantly compared with that of control. These results suggest that Lentinus edodes Mushroom-Cultured Glycyrrhiza glabra has an anti-proliferation effects against cancer cell lines(Hep3B, MCF-7 and HeLa) and S-180 tumors and will be also beneficial in treating allergic reactions.

Collection of data for this study was conducted by 271 questionnaire responded by the consumers of purchasing anti-allergy bedding products, and analysed statistically using SPSS. Research results through the questionnaire, it was determined to be the cause of allergic disease consumers most house dust mites. Recognition and recognition of house dust mite habitat, bedding called the most recognized. The anti-allergic bedding purchase motives and intelligence recommendations salesman recommendations and store display products that have the greatest impact. Highly educated respondents were more important role in the salesperson's recommendations and famous brand awareness to purchase. Higher income level of the respondents buy anti-allergic bedding for allergy symptoms allergy preventive and mitigation efforts. Quality ratings sewing, color, laundry management was more important in women than in men. The ages 20 to 30 showed that respondents think that more important than plush and brand. More than 40, laundry convenience is more important. Sewing and laundry management respondents of high school or less. Properties for the anti-allergic bedding satisfaction in women than in men, laundry, storage convenience, to prevent dust skimp on the effects of satisfaction was convenient. 30-40s for light weight than satisfaction, high durability and anti-allergic effect on satisfaction was higher than 20 respondents more than 50 respondents. Than 20 respondents more than 40 respondents also appeared to be more about the durability that meets. Anti-allergic bedding was soft to the touch, warmth, dust Blow out prevention effects, anti-allergic performance satisfaction of the properties has a positive effect on repurchase intent. It were also identified as important anti-allergic bedding inclined to the performance of a soft feel and anti-allergic recommended.

본 연구는 울릉도 돌외(Gynostemma pentaphyllum) 잎으로부터 캘러스 유도 및 추출한 후, 피부장벽 기능과 관련된 항염증, 항알러지, 각질세포외막 형성, S. aureus에 의한 각질형성세포 손상 완화 효능을 확인하고자 수행되었다. 돌외 캘러스 추출물의 피부에 대한 항염증 효능을 확인하기 위해, PAR-2 agonist로 활성화된 primary epidermal keratinocyte (HEKa)에서 염증성 사이토카인들의 발현을 확인한 결과, 돌외 캘러스 추출물은 IL-8, IL-25, TSLP 발현을 저해하는 효능이 있는 것을 확인하였다. RBL-2H3 세포를 이용한 β-hexosaminidase assay 시험을 통해 항알러지 효능을 확인한 결과, β-hexosaminidase 방출을 억제하는 효과를 보였다. 또한, 돌외 캘러스 추출물은 HaCaT 세포에서 각질세포외막(cornified envelope) 형성 효과가 있음을 확인하였고, HaCaT 세포와 S. aureus 공배양 실험을 통해 S. aureus에 의한 각질형성세포 생존율 감소를 완화하는 효능이 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과를 종합해보면, 울릉도 돌외 캘러스 추출물은 항염, 항알러지, S. aureus에 의한 각질세포 손상 완화 효능에 유효한 소재의 가능성을 확인하였고, 피부장벽 개선을 위한 화장품 소재로서 활용 가치가 있을 것으로 판단된다.

This study was conducted to identify the efficacy related to skin barrier functions such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, cornified envelope formation and the alleviation effect of keratinocyte damage caused by S. aureus using the callus extract, which was induced and extracted from the leaves of Gynostemma pentaphyllum in Ulleungdo Island. In order to confirm the anti-inflammatory effect of the G. pentaphyllum callus extract on the skin, the expression of inflammatory cytokines was investigated in primary epidermal keratinocytes (HEKa) activated with PAR-2 agonist, and the G. pentaphyllum callus extract showed IL-8, IL-25, and TSLP production inhibitory effect. β-Hexosaminidase assay using RBL-2H3 cells was performed to confirm the anti-allergic efficacy, and G. pentaphyllum callus extract showed the effect of inhibiting the release of β-hexosaminidase. In addition, G. pentaphyllum callus extract showed the cornified envelope formation effect in HaCaT cells, and through the co-culture experiment with HaCaT cells and S. aureus, it showed alleviation effect of keratinocyte damage caused by S. aureus. Therefore, G. pentaphyllum callus extract is considered to be a useful cosmetic material for improving skin barrier with anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and alleviation effect of keratinocyte damage caused by S. aureus.

The worldwide prevalence and severity of allergic diseases including atopic dermatitis and asthma has increased dramatically over the past decade, especially in developed countries. Mast cells are important effector cells in allergic reactions. The purpose of this study was undertaken to investigate the anti-allergic activities of the extract of Duchesnea chrysantha (DCE). DCE was prepared by extracting with 80% ethanol. In the present study, we investigate the effect of DCE on the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and histamine in the human mast cell line (HMC-1 cells) and on the scratching behavior in hairless mice. Various concentrations of DCE were treated before the activation of HMC-1 cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus calcium ionophore A23187. PMA plus A23187 significantly increased TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 production compared with media control. We also show that the increased cytokines such as TNF-α IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 were significantly inhibited by DCE in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, DCE inhibited the histamine release from HMC-1 cells stimulated by compound 48/80, which promotes histamine release. Futhermore, the administration of DCE reduced the scratching behavior induced by pruritogen (compound 48/80 or histamine) in hairless mice. These results suggest that DCE has a potential use as a medicinal plant for treatment against allergy-related disease.

This study evaluated the change in anti-allergy activity of β-glucan by electron beamirradiation. β-Glucan was irradiated at dose of 50 kGy and then orally pre-treated with electronbeam irradiated and non irradiated β-Glucan for 7 days. After pre-treatment, allergy was inducedby injection of ovalbumin (OVA). Serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and OVA-specific IgE levelsin the allergic mice was significantly increased but the mice pre-treated 50 kGy electron beam irradiatedβ-glucan was significantly decreased the levels of total IgE and OVA-specific IgE, respectively. Moreover, cytokine production (interleukin-4) was also decreased in the 50 kGy electronbeam irradiated β-Glucan pre-treated mice. These results indicate that pre-treatment of 50 kGyelectron beam irradiated β-glucan may elevate the anti-allergy activity. Therefore, electron beamirradiatedβ-glucan could be used for nutraceutical foods in food industry.